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Jadczak K, Ochędzan-Siodłak W. Bacterial cellulose: Biopolymer with novel medical applications. J Biomater Appl 2023:8853282231184734. [PMID: 37321600 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231184734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing importance of green chemistry, the search for alternatives to cellulose has begun, leading to the rediscovery of bacterial cellulose (BC). The material is produced by Gluconacetobacter and Acetobacter bacteria, mainly Komagataeibacter xylinus. It is a pure biopolymer, without lignin or hemicellulose, forming a three-dimensional mesh, showing much lower organization than its plant counterpart. Thanks to its design, it has proven itself in completely unprecedented applications - especially in the field of biomedical sciences. Coming in countless forms, it has found use in applications such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, or tissue engineering. The review article focuses on discussing the main structural differences between plant and bacterial cellulose, methods of bacterial cellulose synthesis, and the latest trends in BC applications in biomedical sciences.
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2
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Etale A, Onyianta AJ, Turner SR, Eichhorn SJ. Cellulose: A Review of Water Interactions, Applications in Composites, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2016-2048. [PMID: 36622272 PMCID: PMC9999429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is known to interact well with water, but is insoluble in it. Many polysaccharides such as cellulose are known to have significant hydrogen bond networks joining the molecular chains, and yet they are recalcitrant to aqueous solvents. This review charts the interaction of cellulose with water but with emphasis on the formation of both natural and synthetic fiber composites. Covering studies concerning the interaction of water with wood, the biosynthesis of cellulose in the cell wall, to its dispersion in aqueous suspensions and ultimately in water filtration and fiber-based composite materials this review explores water-cellulose interactions and how they can be exploited for synthetic and natural composites. The suggestion that cellulose is amphiphilic is critically reviewed, with relevance to its processing. Building on this, progress made in using various charged and modified forms of nanocellulose to stabilize oil-water emulsions is addressed. The role of water in the aqueous formation of chiral nematic liquid crystals, and subsequently when dried into composite films is covered. The review will also address the use of cellulose as an aid to water filtration as one area where interactions can be used effectively to prosper human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Etale
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, BristolBS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - Amaka J Onyianta
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, BristolBS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Turner
- School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PT, U.K
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, BristolBS8 1TR, United Kingdom
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3
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Oberlintner A, Likozar B, Novak U. Hydrophobic functionalization reactions of structured cellulose nanomaterials: Mechanisms, kinetics and in silico multi-scale models. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117742. [PMID: 33674002 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale-interfaced cellulose nanomaterials are extracted from polysaccharides, which are widely available in nature, biocompatible and biodegradable. Moreover, the latter have a potential to be recycled, upcycled, and formulate therefore a great theoretical predisposition to be used in a number of applications. Nanocrystals, nano-fibrils and nanofibers possess reactive functional groups that enable hydrophobic surface modifications. Analysed literature data, concerning mechanisms, pathways and kinetics, was screened, compared and assessed with regard to the demand of a catalyst, different measurement conditions and added molecule reactions. There is presently only a scarce technique description for carbonOH bond functionalization, considering the elementary chemical steps, sequences and intermediates of these (non)catalytic transformations. The overview of the prevailing basic research together with in silico modelling approach methodology gives us a deeper physical understanding of processes. Finally, to further highlight the applicability of such raw materials, the review of the development in several multidisciplinary fields was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oberlintner
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Novak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kostag M, Jedvert K, El Seoud OA. Engineering of sustainable biomaterial composites from cellulose and silk fibroin: Fundamentals and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:687-718. [PMID: 33249159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses composites prepared from cellulose (Cel) and silk fibroin (SF) to generate multifunctional, biocompatible, biodegradable materials such as fibers, films and scaffolds for tissue engineering. First, we discuss briefly the molecular structures of Cel and SF. Their structural features explain why certain solvents, e.g., ionic liquids, inorganic electrolyte solutions dissolve both biopolymers. We discuss the mechanisms of Cel dissolution because in many cases they also apply to (much less studied) SF dissolution. Subsequently, we discuss the fabrication and characterization of Cel/SF composite biomaterials. We show how the composition of these materials beneficially affects their mechanical properties, compared to those of the precursor biopolymers. We also show that Cel/SF materials are excellent and versatile candidates for biomedical applications because of the inherent biocompatibility of their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kostag
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av. 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Jedvert
- Fiber Development, Materials and Production, Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE IVF), Box 104, SE-431 22 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Omar A El Seoud
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Av. 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Release of Melamine and Formaldehyde from Melamine-Formaldehyde Plastic Kitchenware. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163629. [PMID: 32784987 PMCID: PMC7463570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of melamine and formaldehyde from kitchenware made of melamine resins is still a matter of great concern. To investigate the migration and release behavior of the monomers from melamine-based food contact materials into food simulants and food stuffs, cooking spoons were tested under so-called hot plate conditions at 100 °C. Release conditions using the real hot plate conditions with 3% acetic acid were compared with conditions in a conventional migration oven and with a release to deionized water. Furthermore, the kinetics of the release were studied using Arrhenius plots giving an activation energy for the release of melamine of 120 kJ/mol. Finally, a correlation between quality of the resins, specifically the kind of bridges between the monomers, and the release of melamine, was confirmed by CP/MAS 13C-NMR measurements of the melamine kitchenware. Obviously, the ratio of methylene bridges and dimethylene ether bridges connecting the melamine monomers during the curing process can be directly correlated with the amount of the monomers released into food.
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Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Crude Gossypol Compositions as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Oil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4195382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wax deposition from crude oil that blocks the pipeline and increases the viscosity of the fluid is considered as a serious challenge for petroleum transportation. Employment of chemical additives, the so-called pour point depressants (PPDs), is widely used to solve this problem. Among them are the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers (EVAc), containing a polyethylene segment along the backbone with vinyl acetate. To improve the performance of EVAc as PPD, the compositions of this polymer with crude gossypol (CG), isolated from the refined cottonseed oil soapstock, were prepared by joint milling in a ball mill. Prepared compositions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The pour point and viscosity of the crude oil from the Akshabulak oil field (Kazakhstan) were studied. The compositions with 10, 20, and 25 wt% of CG demonstrate better efficiency as PPD for crude oil than EVAc at the dosage of PPD of 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm. The improved properties of the obtained PPD in comparison with the commercial EVAc is explained by the appearance of additional nonpolar and polar groups caused by the formation of the EVAc/CG composition.
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Du R, Zhao F, Peng Q, Zhou Z, Han Y. Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus isolated from Chinese persimmon vinegar. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 194:200-207. [PMID: 29801830 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the structural and physico-mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Gluconoacetobacter xylinus TJU-S8 which was isolated from Chinese persimmon vinegar. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that BC exhibited a good thermal stability. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that BC had a typical crystalline form of the cellulose I. The BC membrane had typical characteristics such as nanodimensional network and microfibrils obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the bacterial cellulose chitosan (BC-C) membrane and bacterial cellulose carboxymethyl chitosan (BC-CC) membrane were synthesized which showed significant inhibition against the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These results indicated superior properties of BC that advocated its effectiveness for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Jiang H, Wu Y, Han B, Zhang Y. Effect of oxidation time on the properties of cellulose nanocrystals from hybrid poplar residues using the ammonium persulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:291-298. [PMID: 28821070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work was to investigate the influence of time on the properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) during the ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation of hybrid poplar residues (HPHL). The CNCs at the different times were characterized by different techniques. The results showed that CNCs were thinned and shortened with increased oxidation time, and their yield, crystallinity index and zeta potential increased, however, these properties stayed constant after the APS oxidation for 16h. At this time, the CNC yield was more than 50%, and the CNCs had a zeta potential of -48.84mV and a CrI of 86.8%. More than 95% of CNCs had a width of 16.87±5.92nm, and 86.4% of them had a length-to-width ratio from 10 to 30. The primary hydroxyl groups were regioselectively oxidized during the APS treatment. Therefore, the CNCs with stable properties could be extracted from HPHL using APS oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Binbin Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Nakano T. Modeling of the morphological change of cellulose microfibrils caused with aqueous NaOH solution: the longitudinal contraction and laterally swelling during decrystallization. J Mol Model 2017; 23:129. [PMID: 28332081 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of cellulose microfibrils treated with aqueous NaOH was modeled as partially decrystallized cellulose chains before completing conversion to cellulose II, in order to elucidate the change in morphology of ramie fiber caused by NaOH treatment. Equations for the relative length and width of the microfibrils were derived on the basis of partially decrystallized microfibrils modeling. Each equation contains four parameters, n, β, w c , and c r , which correspond to the number of glucose residues between periodic defects along the untreated ramie cellulose microfibrils, the extension ratio of amorphous cellulose chain along length, the cross-section crystallinity, and the correction term of crystallinity, respectively. The validity of the derived equations was confirmed by two types of simulations. One is performed using experimental data L/L 0 and W/W 0 as a function of crystallinity, while the other is done using the relationship between the relative length and width obtained from the experimental data, which is independent of crystallinity, was performed. The best-fit simulation was obtained under n = 277, β = 2.813, and c r w c = 0.671 for the former and under n = 301 and β = 2.792 for the latter. These values of n and β correspond closely to the values reported in references for ramie microfibrils. Both simulation results show that macroscopic changes in the morphology of ramie fibers is attributable to the changes in cellulose chain conformation in the decrystallized regions created along the microfibrils upon NaOH treatment.
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10
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Synthesis and application of a new carboxylated cellulose derivative. Part I: Removal of Co 2+ , Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ from monocomponent spiked aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 483:185-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Alves L, Medronho B, Antunes FE, Topgaard D, Lindman B. Dissolution state of cellulose in aqueous systems. 2. Acidic solvents. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:707-715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Structural and physico-mechanical characterization of bio-cellulose produced by a cell-free system. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 136:908-16. [PMID: 26572428 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to characterize the structural and physico-mechanical properties of bio-cellulose produced through cell-free system. Fourier transform-infrared spectrum illustrated exact matching of structural peaks with microbial cellulose, used as reference. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that fibrils of bio-cellulose were thicker and more compact than microbial cellulose. The specific positions of peaks in the X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bio-cellulose possessed cellulose II polymorphic structure. Bio-cellulose presented superior physico-mechanical properties than microbial cellulose. The water holding capacity of bio-cellulose and microbial cellulose were found to be 188.6 ± 5.41 and 167.4 ± 4.32 times their dry-weights, respectively. Tensile strengths and degradation temperature of bio-cellulose were 17.63 MPa and 352 °C, respectively compared to 14.71 MPa and 327 °C of microbial cellulose. Overall, the results indicated successful synthesis and superior properties of bio-cellulose that advocate its effectiveness for various applications.
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Analysis of mercerization process based on the intensity change of deconvoluted resonances of (13)C CP/MAS NMR: Cellulose mercerized under cooling and non-cooling conditions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 53:189-95. [PMID: 26042706 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The area intensity change of C1, C4, and C6 in spectrum obtained by (13)C CP/MAS NMR and the mutual relationship between their changes were examined for cellulose samples treated with various concentrations of aqueous NaOH solutions under non-cooling and cooling conditions. The area intensity of C1-up and C6-down changed cooperatively with that of C4-down which corresponds to the crystallinity of samples: "-up" and "-down" are the up- and down- field component in a splitting peak of NMR spectrum, respectively. The intensity change of C1-up starts to decrease with decreasing in that of C4-down after that of C6-down is almost complete. These changes were more clearly observed for samples treated under cooling condition. It can be suggested that their characteristic change relates closely to the change in conformation of cellulose chains by induced decrystallization and the subsequent crystallization of cellulose II, and presumed that their changes at microscopic level relate to the macroscopic morphological changes such as contraction along the length of cellulose chains and recovery along the length.
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15
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Gustavsson S, Alves L, Lindman B, Topgaard D. Polarization transfer solid-state NMR: a new method for studying cellulose dissolution. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed molecular-level information on dissolved and solid cellulose in aqueous dissolution media with ionic liquids by polarization transfer solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gustavsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Alves
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B. Lindman
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry
| | - D. Topgaard
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund, Sweden
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Ogura T, Date Y, Kikuchi J. Differences in Cellulosic Supramolecular Structure of Compositionally Similar Rice Straw Affect Biomass Metabolism by Paddy Soil Microbiota. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66919. [PMID: 23840554 PMCID: PMC3686774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because they are strong and stable, lignocellulosic supramolecular structures in plant cell walls are resistant to decomposition. However, they can be degraded and recycled by soil microbiota. Little is known about the biomass degradation profiles of complex microbiota based on differences in cellulosic supramolecular structures without compositional variations. Here, we characterized and evaluated the cellulosic supramolecular structures and composition of rice straw biomass processed under different milling conditions. We used a range of techniques including solid- and solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy followed by thermodynamic and microbial degradability characterization using thermogravimetric analysis, solution-state NMR, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. These measured data were further analyzed using an "ECOMICS" web-based toolkit. From the results, we found that physical pretreatment of rice straw alters the lignocellulosic supramolecular structure by cleaving significant molecular lignocellulose bonds. The transformation from crystalline to amorphous cellulose shifted the thermal degradation profiles to lower temperatures. In addition, pretreated rice straw samples developed different microbiota profiles with different metabolic dynamics during the biomass degradation process. This is the first report to comprehensively characterize the structure, composition, and thermal degradation and microbiota profiles using the ECOMICS toolkit. By revealing differences between lignocellulosic supramolecular structures of biomass processed under different milling conditions, our analysis revealed how the characteristic compositions of microbiota profiles develop in addition to their metabolic profiles and dynamics during biomass degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Ogura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Sawada D, Nishiyama Y, Langan P, Forsyth VT, Kimura S, Wada M. Water in crystalline fibers of dihydrate β-chitin results in unexpected absence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39376. [PMID: 22724007 PMCID: PMC3378566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete crystal structure (including hydrogen) of dihydrate β-chitin, a homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine hydrate, was determined using high-resolution X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction data collected from bathophilous tubeworm Lamellibrachia satsuma. Two water molecules per N-acetylglucosamine residue are clearly localized in the structure and these participate in most of the hydrogen bonds. The conformation of the labile acetamide groups and hydroxymethyl groups are similar to those found in anhydrous β-chitin, but more relaxed. Unexpectedly, the intrachain O3-H…O5 hydrogen bond typically observed for crystalline β,1–4 glycans is absent, providing important insights into its relative importance and its relationship to solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sawada
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Crystal transition from Na–cellulose IV to cellulose II monitored using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Huang R, Su R, Qi W, He Z. Understanding the key factors for enzymatic conversion of pretreated lignocellulose by partial least square analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:384-92. [PMID: 19938060 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the physicochemical properties of lignocellulosic substrates and enzyme digestion is still not well known. After different pretreatments, cellulase hydrolysis and measurements of physicochemical characteristics by column solute exclusion, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance were performed in this study. Partial least squares was then applied to seek the key factors limiting the rate and extent of cellulose digestion. According to the PLS results, the most important factor for cellulose digestion was accessible interior surface area, followed by delignification and the destruction of the hydrogen bonds. The cellulose digestion at 2 and 24 hr were improved with the increased accessibility of interior surface area to the reporter molecules of 5.1-nm diameter. Removal of lignin and breaking of hydrogen bonds were also found to significantly promote cellulose conversion. Other properties, including the breakdown of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, cellulose crystallinity, and hemicellulose content, had less effect on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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Kondo T, Koschella A, Heublein B, Klemm D, Heinze T. Hydrogen bond formation in regioselectively functionalized 3-mono-O-methyl cellulose. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Kawakita H, Inoue K, Ohto K, Shimada S, Itayama K. Adsorption Behavior of Waste Paper Gels Chemically Modified with Functional Groups of Primary Amine and Ethylenediamine for Some Metal Ions. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07366290701634024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Fouda IM, El-Khodary A, El-Sharkawy FM. Structure and Properties of Viscose Fibers due to Cold Drawing. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030601163480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Zhang L, Ruan D, Gao S. Dissolution and regeneration of cellulose in NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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A statistical design to evaluate the influence of manufacturing factors and material properties on the mechanical performances of microcrystalline cellulose. POWDER TECHNOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wu JS, Ho HO, Sheu MT. A statistical design to evaluate the influence of manufacturing factors on the material properties and functionalities of microcrystalline cellulose. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 12:417-25. [PMID: 11231108 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to statistically evaluate the effects of manufacturing factors on the material properties and functionalities of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) products. How the material properties of MCC products dominate their functionalities was further explored. Results demonstrate that the desired material properties and functionalities of MCC products can be obtained by manipulation of the manufacturing factors using proper polynomial equations, and the key manufacturing factor is temperature. On the other hand, the functionalities can be quantitatively predicted by material properties. Meanwhile, the key material property is molecular mass in controlling MCC functionalities. The particle morphologies may also serve as important material properties. In conclusion, the careful control of temperature during the manufacture of MCC might minimize inter-batch variation. The correlation of the material properties of MCC products with their functionalities might help the formulation designer rationally select proper MCC products. The universal harmonization of MCC products might be achieved by the regulation of their molecular mass, surface roughness, and roundness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, ROC
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Hattori M, Shimaya Y, Saito M. Structural Changes in Wood Pulp Treated by 55 wt% Aqueous Calcium Thiocyanate Solution. Polym J 1998. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.30.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nehls I, Wagenknecht W, Philipp B, Stscherbina D. Characterization of cellulose and cellulose derivatives in solution by high resolution 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Prog Polym Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0079-6700(94)90037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Isogai A, Kato T, Uryu T, Atalla R. Solid-state CP/MAS 13C-NMR analysis of cellulose and tri-O-substituted cellulose ethers. Carbohydr Polym 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(93)90059-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kamide K, Okajima K, Kowsaka K. Dissolution of Natural Cellulose into Aqueous Alkali Solution: Role of Super-Molecular Structure of Cellulose. Polym J 1992. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.24.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Okajima K, Kowsaka K, Kamide K. An explanation of the solubility behaviour of cellulose acetate in various solvents in terms of supermolecular structure formed by introduction of a substituent group into the glucopyranose unit. POLYM INT 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4990290110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kowsaka K, Yasuda K, Okajima K, Kamide K. Experimental evidence for the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the water-insoluble sodium salt of carboxyethyl cellulose solid. POLYM INT 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4990250206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yamashiki T, Matsui T, Saitoh M, Okajima K, Kamide K, Sawada T. Characterisation of cellulose treated by the steam explosion method. Part 2: Effect of treatment conditions on changes in morphology, degree of polymerisation, solubility in aqueous sodium hydroxide and supermolecular structure of soft wood pulp during steam explosion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4980220205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yamashiki T, Matsui T, Saitoh M, Okajima K, Kamide K, Sawada T. Characterisation of cellulose treated by the steam explosion method. Part 1: Influence of cellulose resources on changes in morphology, degree of polymerisation, solubility and solid structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4980220111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kamide K, Kowsaka K, Okajima K. 13C NMR Study on the Distribution of Substituent Groups on Trihydric Alcohol Units in Cellulose Xanthate. Polym J 1987. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.19.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Manabe SI, Iwata M, Kamide K. Dynamic Mechanical Absorptions Observed for Regenerated Cellulose Solids in the Temperature Range from 280 to 600 K. Polym J 1986. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.18.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kamide K, Okajima K, Kowsaka K, Matsui T, Nomura S, Hikichi K. Effect of the Distribution of Substitution of the Sodium Salt of Carboxymethylcellulose on Its Absorbency toward Aqueous Liquid. Polym J 1985. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.17.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kamide K, Kowsaka K, Okajima K. Determination of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds and Selective Coordination of Sodium Cation in Alkalicellulose by CP/MASS 13C NMR. Polym J 1985. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.17.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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