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Wei M, Zheng H, Xu X, Ji Y, Yu X, Lu L, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Liu X, Jiang W, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Weng Y. Assessment of Wound-Related Pain Experiences of Patients With Chronic Wounds: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2024; 51:111-116. [PMID: 38527319 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of wound-related pain (WRP) in patients with chronic wounds and assess the use of pain relief measures. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of patients with chronic wounds was recruited from outpatient clinics of 12 hospitals covering 7 of 13 cities in the Jiangsu province located in eastern China from July 10 to August 25, 2020. The sample comprised 451 respondents, and their mean age was 54.85 (SD 19.16) years; 56.1% (253/451) patients were male. METHODS An investigator-designed questionnaire was used to collect pain-related information from patients. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: (1) basic demographic and clinical information (patient and wound characteristics); (2) wound baseline pain; (3) wound-related procedural pain and pain relief method; and (4) the effect of WRP on the patient. Pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Severity of pain was based on NRS scores' classification as mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), and severe (7-10). The survey was conducted from July 10 to August 25, 2020. Participants were instructed on use of the NRS and then completed the questionnaire following dressing change independently. RESULTS The 3 most common types of chronic wounds were traumatic ulcers, surgical wounds, and venous leg ulcers. The 3 most prevalent locations were lower limbs, feet, and thorax/abdomen. Of all patients, 62.5% (282/451) and 93.8% (423/451) patients experienced wound baseline pain and wound-related procedural pain, respectively. The mean score of wound baseline pain was 3.76 (SD 1.60) indicating moderate pain. During wound management, the highest pain score was 6.45 (SD 2.75) indicating severe pain; the most severe pain scores were associated with debridement. The use of drugs to relieve wound pain was low, while the use of nondrug-based analgesia was relatively high. Because of WRP, patients with chronic wounds feared dressing changes, hesitated to move, and showed a decline in sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Wound baseline pain and wound-related procedural pain were very common in patients with chronic wounds. In the future, targeted intervention plans should be developed by combining drug-based and nondrug-based analgesia according to pain severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihong Ji
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Yu
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yansen Qiu
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajuan Weng
- Min Wei, Master, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Huiling Zheng, Bachelor, Department of Cardiothoracic, No. 988 Hospital of Jonit Logistic Support Force, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Xinyue Xu, Bachelor, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yihong Ji, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, ChangShu No. 1 People's Hospital, ChangShu, Jiangsu, China
- Xiujuan Yu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, the Second Hospital of Lianyungang, LianYunGang, Jiangsu, China
- Lin Lu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, XuZhou RenCi Hospital, XuZhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ying Sun, Bachelor, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'An First People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Zhiying Zhao, Bachelor, Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Xiaojun Liu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'An, Jiangsu, China
- Wei Jiang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Xuzhou Mining Group General Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xiya Zhang, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Suqian People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Yansen Qiu, Bachelor, Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yajuan Weng, Master, FAAN, Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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