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Jia Y, Zhang RN, Li YJ, Guo BY, Wang JL, Liu SY. Bioinformatics analysis and identification of potential key genes and pathways in the pathogenesis of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37898. [PMID: 38669428 PMCID: PMC11049792 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) is a major cause of advanced heart failure, and the morbidity and mortality associated with NICM are serious medical problems. However, the etiology of NICM is complex and the related mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain unclear. The microarray datasets GSE1869 and GSE9128 retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NICM and normal samples. The co-expressed genes were identified using Venn diagrams. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses and gene ontology enrichment were used to clarify biological functions and signaling pathways. Analysis of protein-protein interaction networks using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins online to define the hub genes associated with NICM pathogenesis. A total of 297 DEGs were identified from GSE1869, 261 of which were upregulated genes and 36 were downregulated genes. A total of 360 DEGs were identified from GSE9128, 243 of which were upregulated genes and 117 were downregulated genes. In the 2 datasets, the screening identified 36 co-expressed DEGs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and gene ontology analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, kinetochore, G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex, and other related pathways. The PPI network analysis revealed that DUSP6, EGR1, ZEB2, and XPO1 are the 4 hub genes of interest in the 2 datasets. Bioinformatics analysis of hub genes and key signaling pathways is an effective way to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the development of NICM. The results will facilitate further studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of NICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui-Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing-Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Long Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Su-Yun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Xanthopoulos A, Skoularigis J, Briasoulis A, Magouliotis DE, Zajichek A, Milinovich A, Kattan MW, Triposkiadis F, Starling RC. Analysis of the Larissa Heart Failure Risk Score: Predictive Value in 9207 Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure from a Single Center. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1721. [PMID: 38138948 PMCID: PMC10744973 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early risk stratification is of outmost clinical importance in hospitalized patients with heart failure (HHF). We examined the predictive value of the Larissa Heart Failure Risk Score (LHFRS) in a large population of HHF patients from the Cleveland Clinic. A total of 13,309 admissions for heart failure (HF) from 9207 unique patients were extracted from the Cleveland Clinic's electronic health record system. For each admission, components of the 3-variable simple LHFRS were obtained, including hypertension history, myocardial infarction history, and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) ≥ 15%. The primary outcome was a HF readmission and/or all-cause mortality at one year, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality at one year of discharge. For both outcomes, all variables were statistically significant, and the Kaplan-Meier curves were well-separated and in a consistent order (Log-rank test p-value < 0.001). Higher LHFRS values were found to be strongly related to patients experiencing an event, showing a clear association of LHFRS with this study outcomes. The bootstrapped-validated area under the curve (AUC) for the logistic regression model for each outcome revealed a C-index of 0.64 both for the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. LHFRS is a simple risk model and can be utilized as a basis for risk stratification in patients hospitalized for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Xanthopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (J.S.)
| | - John Skoularigis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (J.S.)
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios E. Magouliotis
- Unit of Quality Improvement, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Alex Zajichek
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA (M.W.K.)
| | - Alex Milinovich
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA (M.W.K.)
| | - Michael W. Kattan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA (M.W.K.)
| | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (J.S.)
| | - Randall C. Starling
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Mathew DT, Shah SJ. The trials and tribulations of risk prediction studies in heart failure. Rev Port Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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