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Zhang Z, Liu T, Ming M, Shen M, Zhang Y, Chen H, Chen W, Tao J, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhou J, Lu G, Yan G. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing promotes diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-HIV infected children: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:338. [PMID: 38997717 PMCID: PMC11241876 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) excels in diagnosis of infection pathogens. We aimed to evaluate the performance of mNGS for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in non-HIV infected children. METHODS Totally 36 PJP children and 61 non-PJP children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from March 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical features of PJP children were summarized. 1,3-β-D glucan (BDG) test and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mNGS were used for evaluation of PJP diagnostic performance. Antimicrobial management modifications for PJP children after the mNGS results were also reviewed. RESULTS Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected in all PJP children by mNGS (36/36), and the sensitivity of mNGS was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.26-100%). The sensitivity of BDG was 57.58% (95% CI: 39.22-74.52%). Of the 26 (72.2%) PJP patients with mixed infection, twenty-four (66.7%) were detected by BALF-mNGS. Thirteen patients (36.1%) had their antimicrobial management adjusted according to the mNGS results. Thirty-six PJP children included 17 (47.2%) primary immunodeficiency and 19 (52.8%) secondary immunodeficiency, of whom 19 (52.8%) survived and 17 (47.2%) died. Compared to survival subgroup, non-survival subgroup had a higher rate of primary immunodeficiency (64.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.047), younger age (7 months vs. 39 months, P = 0.011), lower body weight (8.0 kg vs. 12.0 kg, P = 0.022), and lower T lymphocyte counts. CONCLUSIONS The mortality rate of PJP in immunosuppressed children without HIV infection is high and early diagnosis is challenging. BALF-mNGS could help identify PJP and guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Tingyan Liu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Meixiu Ming
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Medical Department, Nanjing Dinfectome Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Chen
- Medical Department, Nanjing Dinfectome Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jinhao Tao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Gangfeng Yan
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, No.399 Wanyuan Rd., Minhang Dist., Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Pan Y, Xing Y, Lai Y, Dong H, Sheng H, Xu W. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing reveals co-infection with Legionella pneumophila and Fusobacterium necrophorum in a patient with severe pneumonia: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:279. [PMID: 38867173 PMCID: PMC11170816 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legionella pneumonia is one of the most severe types of atypical pneumonia, impairing multiple organ systems, posing a threat to life. Diagnosing Legionella pneumonia is challenging due to difficulties in culturing the bacteria and limitations in immunoassay sensitivity and specificity. CASE PRESENTATION This paper reports a rare case of sepsis caused by combined infection with Legionella pneumophila and Fusobacterium necrophorum, leading to respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, myocardial damage, and electrolyte disorders. In addition, we systematically reviewed literature on patients with combined Legionella infections, analyzing their clinical features, laboratory results and diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS For pathogens that require prolonged incubation periods and are less sensitive to conventional culturing methods, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can be a powerful supplement to pathogen screening and plays a significant role in the auxiliary diagnosis of complex infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yanan Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Huixing Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Yan Z, Wang P, Yang Q, Gao X, Gun S, Huang X. Change in Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profile Related to the Antagonistic Effect of Clostridium perfringens Type C on Piglet Spleen. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2309-2325. [PMID: 36975519 PMCID: PMC10047886 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs play important roles in resisting bacterial infection via host immune and inflammation responses. Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C is one of the main bacteria causing piglet diarrhea diseases, leading to major economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. In our previous studies, piglets resistant (SR) and susceptible (SS) to C. perfringens type C were identified based on differences in host immune capacity and total diarrhea scores. In this paper, the RNA-Seq data of the spleen were comprehensively reanalyzed to investigate antagonistic lncRNAs. Thus, 14 lncRNAs and 89 mRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) between the SR and SS groups compared to the control (SC) group. GO term enrichment, KEGG pathway enrichment and lncRNA-mRNA interactions were analyzed to identify four key lncRNA targeted genes via MAPK and NF-κB pathways to regulate cytokine genes (such as TNF-α and IL-6) against C. perfringens type C infection. The RT-qPCR results for six selected DE lncRNAs and mRNAs are consistent with the RNA-Seq data. This study analyzed the expression profiling of lncRNAs in the spleen of antagonistic and sensitive piglets and found four key lncRNAs against C. perfringens type C infection. The identification of antagonistic lncRNAs can facilitate investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to diarrhea in piglets.
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Liu L, Wu H, Liang J, Wu W, Peng Y, Zhou H, Li X. Rhizomucor pusillus Infection in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia After Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Impact of Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4285-4290. [PMID: 35965849 PMCID: PMC9364985 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s376045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term chemotherapy and immunosuppressants in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients can result in a high risk of opportunistic infections. Rhizomucor pusillus is an opportunistic pathogen that exists in nature, but infection caused by R. pusillus is rare in the clinic. Notably, the sensitivity and detection time of conventional diagnostic tools for this fungus usually falls short of the needs of clinical diagnosis, resulting in treatment failure. Currently, metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has played an important role in the detection of pathogens. Here, we report a case of R. pusillus pneumonia in a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patient, detected by the mNGS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Liang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affifiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affifiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Peng
- Hematology Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ye Peng, Tel +86-571-8589-3497, Fax +86-571-8589-3497, Email
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affifiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People’s Republic of China
- Xi Li, Tel +86-571-8589-3800, Fax +86-571-8589-3800, Email
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