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Cicchella A. Recommendations for Resuming PA after Prolonged Rest in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Integrative Review of Relevance for Immunity. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:47. [PMID: 35736018 PMCID: PMC9224580 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic integrative review aims to summarize the protective effect of PA on children and adolescents, with special reference to the immune system. Periods of prolonged inactivity in children and adolescents are rare and due to exceptional events, such as illness or environmental circumstances, e.g., natural disasters, wars, or epidemics. The recent COVID-19 pandemic forced billions of children in developmental ages into inactivity. This exceptional event was the reason for studying the compensational behavioral strategies adopted by children and adolescents to counteract physical inactivity. Several studies showed the rise of spontaneous physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents to compensate for sedentarism. However, for some children, sedentarism could in turn foster other sedentarism. With the restart of "normal daily life" worldwide, a question is posed on both how to resume PA without causing damage and how to improve the immune response. Some key points emerged from the literature. Children must resume PA gradually using different methods, considering age, sex, health status, and the presence of overweight conditions. Immunity can be stimulated with PA by aerobic exercise, resistance training, flexibility exercise, relaxation, and coordinative exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cicchella
- International College of Football, Shanghai Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Department for Quality-of-Life Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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Zhou R, Qiu L, Xiao J, Mao X, Yuan X. Early wound repair versus later scar repair in children with treadmill hand friction burns. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:269-276. [PMID: 34015124 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pediatric treadmill hand friction burns has been increasing every year. The injuries are deeper than thermal hand burns, the optimal treatment remains unclear. This was a retrospective study of children who received surgery for treadmill hand friction burns from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, in a single burn center. A total of 22 children were surveyed. The patients were naturally divided into two groups: the wound repair group (13 patients), which was admitted early to the hospital after injury and received debridement and vacuum sealing drainage initially, and a full-thickness skin graft later; and the scar repair group (9 patients), in which a scar contracture developed as a result of wound healing and received scar release and skin grafting later. The Modified Michigan Hand Questionnaire score in the wound repair group was 116.31 ± 10.55, and the corresponding score in the scar repair group was 117.56 ± 8.85 (P>0.05), no statistically significant difference. The Vancouver Scar Scale score in the wound repair group was 4.15 ± 1.21, and the corresponding score in the scar repair group was 7.22 ± 1.09 (P<0.05). Parents were satisfied with the postoperative appearance and function of the hand. None in the two groups required secondary surgery. If the burns are deep second degree, third degree, or infected, early debridement, vacuum sealing drainage initially, and a full-thickness skin graft can obviously relieve pediatric pain, shorten the course of the disease, and restore the function of the hand as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics
| | - Xingang Yuan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yuan X, Xiao J, Ding X, Chen Q, Qiu L. Treadmill Hand Injuries Among Children: A Retrospective Case Series From Hospitalized Patients. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:633091. [PMID: 33681106 PMCID: PMC7928388 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.633091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the progress of modernization, treadmill hand injury in pediatric population is taking on a global trend in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features in a developing country, thereby providing some experience in the treatment and prevention of this particular type of injury. Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of patients with treadmill hand injury in Burn and Plastic Surgery ward at Children' Hospital of Chongqing Medical University was conducted. Demographics, injury details, therapy performed, length of hospital stay, complications, and outcome were analyzed. Results: Forty-six patients were surveyed, with a mean age of 3.5 ± 2.0 years old, including 24 males and 22 females. Injuries (77.8%) occurred between dinner to bedtime, and 95.7% happened indoors. Fingers were the most vulnerable part, of which the middle finger, ring finger, and index finger were the top three ones. The mean body surface area (BSA%) was 0.3 ± 0.2, but at least in deep dermal. Dressing changes, full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG), and Negative Pleasure Wound Therapy (NPWT) assisted FTSG were performed. The scar contracture, as the most severe complication, occurred in 26 patients, of which 22 originally received dressing changes at the time of injury. Conclusion: Treadmill hand injury in children should be highly regarded. Compared with conservative dressing changes, surgical intervention from a professional team may achieve more satisfactory prognosis and fewer complications. A prevention strategy based on "Time-Space-Person" was summarized according to its epidemiological characteristics, may help to decrease the incidence of this specific type of injury theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Zhang
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingang Yuan
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xionghui Ding
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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Lienert N, Krohn C. „Weil die Gefahr so oft verkannt, drum halte fern die Kinderhand …“. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-018-0496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Catapano JS, Chapman AJ, Farber SH, Horner LP, Morgan C, Brigeman S, Hendricks BK, Lu M, Fraser DR. Treadmill associated head injuries on the rise: an 18 year review of U.S. emergency room visits. Brain Inj 2018; 32:800-803. [PMID: 29601218 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1458149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treadmill is the most commonly used aerobic exercise equipment with studies showing many gym-related injuries are attributed to treadmills. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of treadmill-associated head injuries within the US. METHODS Retrospective data from 1997 to 2014 was collected via the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, which provides annual es7timates of injuries associated with consumer products. Patients over 18 years who sustained treadmill-associated head injuries were included, and the estimated annual incidence was determined. RESULTS An estimated 4929 patients presented to US emergency departments with a head injury while exercising on a treadmill between 1997 and 2014. A >1000% increase in the number of head injuries was observed over the study period (p-value <0.001). Patients over 50 had a 14 times greater risk of admission than younger patients (p-value <0.001). Injuries were greater in women than men. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a significant increase treadmill-associated head injuries from 1997 to 2014. This phenomenon is most pronounced in older and female populations. The exact etiology of this large increase remains unclear. Education on the proper use of treadmills as well as further investigation into the cause of the increase are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Catapano
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Alistair J Chapman
- e Department of Surgery , Spectrum Health/Michigan State University College of Human Medicine , Grand Rapids , MI , USA
| | - S Harrison Farber
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Lance P Horner
- c Department of Surgery , University of Nevada School of Medicine , Reno , NV , USA
| | - Clinton Morgan
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Scott Brigeman
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Benjamin K Hendricks
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Minggen Lu
- d Department of Community Health Sciences , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , NV , USA
| | - Douglas R Fraser
- b Department of Surgery , University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine , Las Vegas , NV , USA
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Graves JM, Iyer KR, Willis MM, Ebel BE, Rivara FP, Vavilala MS. Emergency department-reported injuries associated with mechanical home exercise equipment in the USA. Inj Prev 2013; 20:281-5. [PMID: 24061163 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to generate national estimates of injuries associated with mechanical home exercise equipment, and to describe these injuries across all ages. Emergency department (ED)-treated injuries associated with mechanical home exercise equipment were identified from 2007 to 2011 from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Text narratives provided exercise equipment type (treadmill, elliptical, stationary bicycle, unspecified/other exercise machine). Approximately 70 302 (95% CI 59 086 to 81 519) mechanical exercise equipment-related injuries presented to US EDs nationally during 2007-2011, of which 66% were attributed to treadmills. Most injuries among children (≤4 years) were lacerations (34%) or soft tissue injuries (48%); among adults (≥25 years) injuries were often sprains/strains (30%). Injured older adults (≥65 years) had greater odds of being admitted, held for observation, or transferred to another hospital, compared with younger ages (OR: 2.58; 95% CI 1.45 to 4.60). Mechanical exercise equipment is a common cause of injury across ages. Injury awareness and prevention are important complements to active lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janessa M Graves
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (HIPRC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krithika R Iyer
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (HIPRC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret M Willis
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (HIPRC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beth E Ebel
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (HIPRC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frederick P Rivara
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (HIPRC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Monica S Vavilala
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center (HIPRC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Landry BW, Driscoll SW. Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents. PM R 2012; 4:826-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.09.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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