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Campo JJ, Romeis E, Oberai A, Pablo JV, Hung C, Teng AA, Shandling AD, Phan A, Haynes AM, Giacani L. A novel pan-proteome array for high-throughput profiling of the humoral response to Treponema pallidum. iScience 2024; 27:110618. [PMID: 39262771 PMCID: PMC11387709 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the resurgence of syphilis, research endeavors to improve current assays for serological diagnosis and management of this disease are a priority. A proteome-scale platform for high-throughput profiling of the humoral response to Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) proteins during infection could identify antigens suitable to ameliorate the performance and capabilities of treponemal tests for syphilis. Additionally, because infection-induced immunity is partially protective, profiling the response to T. pallidum outer membrane proteins (OMPs) could help select vaccine candidates. Therefore, we developed a pan-proteome array (PPA) based on the Nichols and SS14 strain complete proteomes and used it to define the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG humoral response to T. pallidum proteins in sera collected longitudinally from long-term infected rabbits and from rabbits that were infected, treated, and re-infected. We identified antigens that could facilitate early diagnosis and immunity to a core set of OMP that could explain protection upon reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Romeis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber Phan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Austin M Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Giacani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Drago F, Ciccarese G, Javor S, Parodi A. Syphilis screening, treatment and follow-up: strengths and weaknesses of the international guidelines. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:e77-e78. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Drago
- Department of Dermatology; IRCCS A.O.U.; San Martino-IST; DISSAL; Genoa Italy
| | - G. Ciccarese
- Department of Dermatology; IRCCS A.O.U.; San Martino-IST; DISSAL; Genoa Italy
| | - S. Javor
- Department of Dermatology; IRCCS A.O.U.; San Martino-IST; DISSAL; Genoa Italy
| | - A. Parodi
- Department of Dermatology; IRCCS A.O.U.; San Martino-IST; DISSAL; Genoa Italy
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Lee JH, Lim CS, Lee MG, Kim HS. Comparison of an automated rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test with the conventional RPR card test in syphilis testing. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005664. [PMID: 25552608 PMCID: PMC4281540 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the automated non-treponemal reagin (rapid plasma reagin (RPR)) test with the conventional RPR card test for usefulness in clinical applications. SETTING A comparative study of laboratory methods using clinical specimens in a single institute. PARTICIPANTS A total of 112 serum samples including 59 Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA)-positive and 53 TPPA-negative specimens were evaluated. OUTCOME MEASURES HiSens Auto RPR LTIA (HBI, Anyang, Korea) was compared with Macro-Vue RPR Card Tests (Becton Dickinson BD Microbiology Systems, Sparks, Maryland, USA). Treponemal-specific tests were performed by Serodia TPPA assay (Fujirebio, Tokyo, Japan). The percentage agreement, κ value and overall sensitivity and specificity of the two RPR tests were compared. Seroconversion rates after treatment were also compared for each RPR test. RESULTS The percentage agreement between the two RPR tests was 78.6% (κ 0.565; 95% CI 0.422 to 0.709). Sensitivity and specificity of the automated RPR test relative to the TPPA test was 52.5% (95% CI 39.1% to 65.7%) and 94.3% (95% CI 84.3% to 98.8%), respectively, while the same values for the conventional RPR card test were 86.4% (95% CI 75% to 93.9%) and 94.3% (95% CI 84.3% to 98.8%), respectively. The conventional RPR card test showed overall higher positivity than the automated RPR test, whereas the automated RPR test showed higher seroconversion (43.5%, 10/23) than the conventional RPR card test (4.3%, 1/23) in treated patients. CONCLUSIONS The automated RPR test showed overall lower sensitivity than the conventional RPR test based on the treponemal test, but higher seroconversion after treatment. The automated RPR test could be used to monitor treatment response, especially in the reverse screening algorithm in syphilis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyon-Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JH, Lim CS, Lee MG, Kim HS. Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Treponemal Antibody Test Comparing the Treponema Pallidum Particle Agglutination Assay. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:383-6. [PMID: 25385043 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to conventional tests, several methods for detection of treponema-specific antibodies in clinical settings have been recently introduced. We aim to comparatively evaluate a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for Treponema pallidum specific antibody (SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0) and the T. pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay. METHODS In all, 132 serum samples from 78 syphilis patients and 54 syphilis-negative controls were analyzed. SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 test (Standard Diagnostic, Inc., Yongin, Korea) was evaluated and compared to Serodia TPPA assay (Fujirebio, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). All discrepant results between the two assays were repeatedly tested and evaluated by the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) assay. Test reproducibility and 95% limit of detection of SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 were determined across three different lots for seven consecutive days in triplicate. Interference due to autoantibodies and pregnancy was also tested. RESULTS Percent agreement between SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 and TPPA assays was 99.2%. Sensitivity and specificity were 100%, respectively. In TPPA assay, test-to-test, day-to-day, and lot-to-lot variations were not identified until 1:320 titer (eightfold dilutions). There was no interference due to the presence of antinuclear antibodies or samples or pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Percent agreement of SD Syphilis 3.0 and TPPA was very good. Sensitivity and specificity were appropriate for T. pallidum antibody detection. Thus, a rapid ICT could be suitable for syphilis antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyon-Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hess KL, Fisher DG, Reynolds GL. Sensitivity and specificity of point-of-care rapid combination syphilis-HIV-HCV tests. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112190. [PMID: 25375138 PMCID: PMC4223032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New rapid point-of-care (POC) tests are being developed that would offer the opportunity to increase screening and treatment of several infections, including syphilis. This study evaluated three of these new rapid POC tests at a site in Southern California. Methods Participants were recruited from a testing center in Long Beach, California. A whole blood specimen was used to evaluate the performance of the Dual Path Platform (DPP) Syphilis Screen & Confirm, DPP HIV-Syphilis, and DPP HIV-HCV-Syphilis rapid tests. The gold-standard comparisons were Treponema pallidum passive particle agglutination (TPPA), rapid plasma reagin (RPR), HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and HIV-1/2 EIA. Results A total of 948 whole blood specimens were analyzed in this study. The sensitivity of the HIV tests ranged from 95.7–100% and the specificity was 99.7–100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the HCV test were 91.8% and 99.3%, respectively. The treponemal-test sensitivity when compared to TPPA ranged from 44.0–52.7% and specificity was 98.7–99.6%. The non-treponemal test sensitivity and specificity when compared to RPR was 47.8% and 98.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the Screen & Confirm test improved to 90.0% when cases who were both treponemal and nontreponemal positive were compared to TPPA+/RPR ≥1∶8. Conclusions The HIV and HCV on the multi-infection tests showed good performance, but the treponemal and nontreponemal tests had low sensitivity. These results could be due to a low prevalence of active syphilis in the sample population because the sensitivity improved when the gold standard was limited to those more likely to be active cases. Further evaluation of the new syphilis POC tests is required before implementation into testing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Hess
- Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DGF); (KLH)
| | - Dennis G. Fisher
- Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DGF); (KLH)
| | - Grace L. Reynolds
- Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States of America
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Evaluation of new automated syphilis test reagents 'IMMUNOTICLES AUTO3' series: performance, biochemical reactivity, and clinical significance. J Infect Chemother 2014; 21:1-7. [PMID: 25444676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automated nontreponemal and treponemal test reagents based on the latex agglutination method (immunoticles auto3 RPR: ITA3RPR and immunoticles auto3 TP: ITA3TP) have been developed to improve the issues of conventional manual methods such as their subjectivity, a massive amount of assays, and so on. We evaluated these reagents in regards to their performance, reactivity to antibody isotype, and their clinical significance. METHODS ITA3RPR and ITA3TP were measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. Reactivity to antibody isotype was examined by gel filtration analysis. RESULTS ITA3RPR and ITA3TP showed reactivity to both IgM- and IgG-class antibodies and detected early infections. ITA3RPR was verified to show a higher reactivity to IgM-class antibodies than the conventional methods. ITA3RPR correlated with VDRL in the high titer range, and measurement values decreased with treatment. ITA3RPR showed a negative result earlier after treatment than conventional methods. ITA3TP showed high specificity and did not give any false-negative reaction. Significant differences in the measurement values of ITA3RPR between the infective and previous group were verified. CONCLUSIONS The double test of ITA3RPR and ITA3TP enables efficient and objective judgment for syphilis diagnosis and treatments, achieving clinical availability.
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Cole MJ, Perry KR, Parry JV. Comparative evaluation of 15 serological assays for the detection of syphilis infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:705-13. [PMID: 17647033 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen commercial syphilis kits were assessed against the same moderately sized specimen panel that included 114 serum and plasma specimens from syphilis cases and 249 specimens from unselected blood donors. The 114 specimens from syphilis cases comprised 40 from cases of primary syphilis, 43 from cases of secondary syphilis, 19 from cases of early latent syphilis, and 12 from cases of late latent syphilis. Of the 15 kits, ten were enzyme immunoassays, four were Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assays, and one was a T. pallidum particle agglutination assay. Thirteen of the 15 kits gave final specificities of 100%; the other two kits were repeatedly reactive with one to two specimens. Initial sensitivities ranged from 93.9 to 99.1%. Most variation between kits was observed in results for the groups with untreated primary and treated late latent disease, although the differences were not statistically significant. The comparative data on kit performance derived from this study is useful for examining syphilis testing guidelines and for making informed purchasing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cole
- Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
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Castro R, Prieto ES, Aguas MJ, Manata MJ, Botas J, Araújo C, Borges F, Aldir I, Exposto FDL. Evaluation of the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination technique (TP.PA) in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. J Clin Lab Anal 2007; 20:233-8. [PMID: 17115423 PMCID: PMC6807610 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Treponema pallidum particle agglutination technique (TP.PA) was evaluated, in comparison with the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies (MHA-TP), and fluorescent treponemal antibody-ABS (FTA-Abs) test for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. We have studied 198 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with syphilis, including neurosyphilis, treated syphilis, and with other neurological manifestations than neurosyphilis. All tests were nonreactive in these last group of patients. In the neurosyphilis patients, sensitivity of the TP.PA was 100%. The performance of this test in CSF from patients with primary syphilis was as good as that of the other tests. In secondary and latent syphilis, the TP.PA results (27 reactive samples/73) were similar to those of the MHA-TP (25 reactive samples/73). In the individuals treated for syphilis, the TP.PA, FTA-Abs, and MHA-TP tests were found to be reactive in eight, six, and eight samples, respectively. In conclusion, it seems that the TP.PA can be used in CSF to diagnose neurosyphilis, although as for other serological tests, interpretation of results should be done in conjunction with other neurosyphilis parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Unidade de Doenças Sexualmente Transmitidas/Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Ronald A, Kuypers J, Lukehart SA, Peeling RW, Pope V. Excellence in sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnostics: recognition of past successes and strategies for the future. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82 Suppl 5:v47-52. [PMID: 17135329 PMCID: PMC2563908 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.023911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic advances do not generally receive the recognition given to prevention and treatment contributions, for the control and management of infectious diseases including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In order to identify seminal diagnostic contributions over a half century (1950-2000), the Editorial Board of the WHO Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diagnostics Initiative (SDI) Publication Review or "electronic journal club" were asked to nominate their choices of peer-reviewed publications for special recognition. From 43 nominations, 13 were voted by a panel of 25 "experts" as having made the most significant contributions. The 1964 article by Thayer and Martin, which identified a selective media for gonococcal culture, was chosen unanimously by all panel members and is identified as the classic STI diagnostic article for this era.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ronald
- National Collaborating Center for Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Magalhães-Antoine I, Laval-Gilly P, Pihan JC, Falla J. Optimization of vitellogenin latex agglutination (VTG-LAT), for field determination of male fish contamination by estrogen mimics: Study of adsorption and agglutination profiles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ratnam S. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2005; 16:45-51. [PMID: 18159528 PMCID: PMC2095002 DOI: 10.1155/2005/597580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Syphilis has several clinical manifestations, making laboratory testing a very important aspect of diagnosis. In North America, many unsuspected cases are discovered by laboratory testing. The etiological agent, Treponema pallidum, cannot be cultured, and there is no single optimal alternative test. Serological testing is the most frequently used approach in the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. The present paper discusses the various serological and alternative tests currently available along with their limitations, and relates their results to the likely corresponding clinical stage of the disease. The need to use multiple tests is discussed, and the importance of quality control is noted. The complexity of syphilis serology means that the services of reference laboratories and clinical experts are often needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Ratnam
- Newfoundland Public Health Laboratory, St John's, Newfoundland
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