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Satthakarn S, Panyasai K, Phasit A, Panyasai S. Reliability of hemoglobin A 2 value as measured by the Premier Resolution system for screening of β-thalassemia carriers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:453-463. [PMID: 37845805 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate quantification of hemoglobin (Hb) A2 is vital for diagnosing β-thalassemia carriers. This study aimed to assess the precision and diagnostic utility of HbA2 measurements using the new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, Premier Resolution, in comparison to capillary electrophoresis (CE). METHODS We analyzed 418 samples, previously identified as A2A by CE, using Premier Resolution-HPLC. We compared the results, established correlations, and determined an optimal HbA2 cutoff value for β-thalassemia screening. Additionally, we prospectively evaluated the chosen cutoff value in 632 samples. Mutations in the β- and α-globin genes were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques and DNA sequencing. RESULTS HbA2 levels were consistently higher with Premier Resolution, yet there was a significant correlation with CE in all samples (bias, -0.33; r, 0.991), β-thalassemia (bias, -0.27; r, 0.927), and non-β-thalassemia carriers (bias, -0.36; r, 0.928). An HbA2 cutoff value of ≥4.0 % for β-thalassemia screening achieved 100 % sensitivity and 99.6 % specificity. Further validation yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 97.3 , 99.8, 97.3, 99.8, and 99.7 %, respectively. We also identified a rare β-Hb variant, Hb La Desirade [HBB:c.389C>T], associated with β-thalassemia and co-inherited with a single α-globin gene. CONCLUSIONS The Premier Resolution HPLC is a reliable and accurate method for routine β-thalassemia carrier screening, aligning with existing CE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surada Satthakarn
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Kesorn Panyasai
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Amphai Phasit
- Department of Medical Technology, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Panyasai
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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2
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Kaur G, Tyagi S, Seth T, Mahapatra M, Viswananthan GK, Dass J, Hariharan R, Sen A. Comparison of HbA2 Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Versus Haemoglobin Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:572-578. [PMID: 37786818 PMCID: PMC10542033 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia is among the most common hereditary disorders in the world. Approximately 5% of the world's population are carriers of hemoglobinopathies, and 2.9% are carriers of beta thalassemia. Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) constitutes less than 3% of the total hemoglobin (Hb) in adults, and the determination of Hb A2 levels is important to diagnose the beta thalassemia trait (BTT). In some cases, the level of HbA2 is not typically elevated, and some difficulties may arise in making the diagnosis. Cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HbCZE (haemoglobin capillary zone electrophoresis) are considered acceptable methods to diagnose BTT, but these vary in their accuracy and cut-offs. In this study, we attempted to compare HbA2 values using two methods, HPLC and HbCZE, in 536 whole blood samples sent by physician-ordered hemoglobinopathy screening over two years. This included antenatal women, patients with anemia not responding to iron, and cases of familial screening where either a child or a sibling had been diagnosed with hemoglobinopathy or thalassemia. The performance characteristics of both machines were compared for the detection of the 5 most common hemoglobin variants: Hb A, HbF, HbS, Hb C, and HbE. On comparing the HbA2 values, the HPLC showed higher values for HbA2 as compared to HbCZE, while the HbF and HbS measurement agreement was good between both methods. Normal ranges and mean normal values of HbA2 differ between different methods and different manufacturers; hence, each institute using these machines should validate its cutoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110009 India
| | - Seema Tyagi
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110009 India
| | - Tulika Seth
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110009 India
| | - Manoranjan Mahapatra
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110009 India
| | | | - Jasmita Dass
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110009 India
| | - Rama Hariharan
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110009 India
| | - Arijit Sen
- Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 India
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3
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Myburgh JK, Szydlo RM, Bain BJ. The accuracy of haemoglobin A 2 measurements in the presence and absence of haemoglobin S. EJHAEM 2023; 4:437-441. [PMID: 37206262 PMCID: PMC10188449 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of haemoglobin A2 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was compared with quantification by capillary electrophoresis for control subjects and patients with sickle cell trait or sickle cell anaemia. Significant differences were found, with estimated values being higher by HPLC for control subjects and higher by capillary electrophoresis for sickle cell trait and sickle cell anaemia patients. There is an ongoing need for improved standardisation and alignment of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M. Szydlo
- Centre for HaematologyDepartment of Immunology and InflammationHammersmith Hospital Campus of Imperial College Faculty of MedicineLondonUK
| | - Barbara J. Bain
- Centre for HaematologyDepartment of Immunology and InflammationSt Mary's Hospital Campus of Imperial College LondonLondonUK
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4
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Lin Y, Agarwal AM, Anderson LC, Marshall AG. Discovery of a biomarker for β-Thalassemia by HPLC-MS and improvement from Proton Transfer Reaction - Parallel Ion Parking. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2023; 28:20-26. [PMID: 36814695 PMCID: PMC9939715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a quantitative hemoglobin (Hb) disorder resulting in reduced production of Hb A and increased levels of Hb A2. Diagnosis of β-thalassemia can be problematic when combined with other structural Hb variants, so that the separation approaches in routine clinical centers are not sufficiently decisive to obtain accurate results. Here, we separate the intact Hb subunits by high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by top-down tandem mass spectrometry of intact subunits to distinguish Hb variants. Proton transfer reaction-parallel ion parking (PTR-PIP), in which a radical anion removes protons from multiply charged precursor ions and produces charge-reduced ions spanning a limited m/z range, was used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the subunits of interest. We demonstrate that the δ/β ratio can act as a biomarker to identify β-thalassemia in normal electrospray ionization MS1 and PTR-PIP MS1. The application of PTR-PIP significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity of the HPLC-MS method to identify δ/β ratio as a thalassemia biomarker.
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Key Words
- ACN, Acetonitrile
- AUC, Areas under the curve
- CID, Collision-induced dissociation
- ESI, Electrospray ionization
- ETD, Electron-transfer dissociation
- FA, Formic acid
- FN, False-negative
- FP, False-positive
- FT-ICR
- FT-ICR, MS Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer
- FTMS
- Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
- Hb A, Normal adult Hb
- Hb, Hemoglobin
- HbA1d, Hb β with glutathione
- IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- IQR, Interquartile range
- J, Youden Index
- MCW, Methanol/chloroform/water
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- PTM, Post-translational modification
- PTR-PIP, Proton transfer reaction-parallel ion parking
- ROC, Receiver operating characteristic
- S/N, Signal-to-noise ratios
- Se(c), Sensitivity, the probability of a true positive)
- Sp(c), Specificity, the probability of a true negative)
- TIC, Total ion chromatogram
- TN, True negative
- TP, True positive
- Top-down
- XIC, Extracted ion chromatograms
- m/z, Mass-to-charge ratios
- δ/β ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, United States
| | - Archana M. Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Lissa C. Anderson
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States,Corresponding authors at: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, United States (A.G. Marshall).
| | - Alan G. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, United States,Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States,Corresponding authors at: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, United States (A.G. Marshall).
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5
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Ju JY, Wiencek JR. A Deep C Dive. Clin Chem 2021; 66:860-861. [PMID: 32470123 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Ju
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Joesph R Wiencek
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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6
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Sharma P, Jandial A, Rajasekaran S, Das R, Chhabra S, Hira JK, Khadwal AR, Malhotra P, Sharma P. Missing Hb Q-India Peak in a Triple-Heterozygous Patient with Hb D-Punjab/Hb Q-India/β-Thalassemia Trait. Hemoglobin 2020; 44:211-213. [PMID: 32448026 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2020.1767128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interpretation of variant hemoglobins (Hbs) can pose challenges. We describe a puzzling case with multiple variant Hb peaks that was solved by family studies. A 32-year-old female with anemia and jaundice underwent cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which revealed near-absence of Hb A along with variant peaks in the D- and C-windows (78.9 and 13.3%, respectively) and normal range of Hb F. As the HPLC did not fit any known pattern, family screening was performed. Her mother was heterozygous for Hb D-Punjab (HBB: c.364G>C) and Hb Q-India (HBA1: c.193G>C) with the hybrid αQ-India/βD-Punjab eluting in the C-window on HPLC. Her sister had β-thalassemia (β-thal) trait, while her brother was heterozygous for Hb Q-India. In view of the family study results, the index case was interpreted as a double heterozygote for Hb D-Punjab and β-thal with coinherited Hb Q-India. The Hb Q-India peak [retention time (RT) 4.7 min.] was absent on her HPLC as there were no normal β-globin chains available to bind with the αQ-India chains. To the best of our knowledge, such an HPLC pattern with a missing Q-India peak, despite having inherited the αQ-India variant, has not been previously reported. This case illustrates the importance of family screening as an inexpensive and rapid method to resolve difficult and unusual HPLC patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sharma
- Departments of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
| | - Aditya Jandial
- Department of Internal Medicine (Adult Clinical Hematology Division), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
| | - Sangamitra Rajasekaran
- Pathology Group of Departments, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, (Union Territory), India
| | - Reena Das
- Departments of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
| | - Sanjeev Chhabra
- Departments of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
| | - Jasbir Kaur Hira
- Departments of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
| | - Alka Rani Khadwal
- Department of Internal Medicine (Adult Clinical Hematology Division), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine (Adult Clinical Hematology Division), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Departments of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (Union Territory), India
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Bouyarmane W, Uwingabiye J, Biaz A, Rachid A, Mechal Y, Dami A, Bouhsain S, Ouzzif Z, El Machtani Idrissi S. Unexpected discovery of hemoglobinopathy C/β° thalassemia. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:2117-2120. [PMID: 30455903 PMCID: PMC6230608 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the current method of choice for the detection of hemoglobinopathies and the quantification of A2 and fetal hemoglobin. We are describing a case where a double heterozygosity C/beta-thalassemia was fortuitously identified, during assaying HBA1c, by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Bouyarmane
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Jean Uwingabiye
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Asmaa Biaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Achraf Rachid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Youness Mechal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Abdellah Dami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Sanae Bouhsain
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Zhor Ouzzif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Samira El Machtani Idrissi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and ToxicologyMohammed V Military Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
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8
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Al-Amodi AM, Ghanem NZ, Aldakeel SA, Ibrahim Al Asoom L, Rafique Ahmed N, Almandil NB, Naserullah ZA, Al-Jarrash S, Shakil Akhtar M, AbdulAzeez S, Al-Ali AK, Borgio JF. Hemoglobin A 2 (HbA 2) has a measure of unreliability in diagnosing β-thalassemia trait (β-TT). Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:945-951. [PMID: 29383950 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1435520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of β-thalassemia trait or carriers (β-TT) depends significantly on an increase in Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) levels, which is found at low levels (<3%) in normal healthy individuals and elevated levels (≥3.5%) in β-TT individuals. The study was designed to evaluate the reliability of the diagnostic parameter HbA2 in the differentiation of β-TT and non-β-TT in Saudis. METHODS The widely used high performance liquid chromatography (Variant II Bio-Rad) was used to measure HbA2 levels in blood. Sanger sequencing was used to screen the variation in globin genes (HBB, HBD, HBA1, and HBA2). All the study subjects were divided into βTT and non-βTT (wild) categories based on the presence or absence of HBB variations and further sub-divided into false positive, true positive, false negative, and true negative, based on HbA2 values. RESULTS Out of 288 samples, 96 had HBB gene mutations. Of the 96 β-TT samples, sickle cell trait (SCT) samples (n = 58) were excluded, while the remaining (38 β-TT) were included in the detailed analysis: seven subjects with the HBB mutation had normal HbA2 (<3%), and three were borderline (3.1-3.9%). The remainder (n = 28) had an elevated HbA2 level (>4%). Based on HbA2 analysis alone, both these groups would be incorrectly diagnosed as normal. Similarly, of the 189 non-β-TT samples, 179 had normal HbA2, eight had borderline HbA2, and two had a HbA2 level above 4%. Based on HbA2 analysis alone, borderline and >4% HbA2 individuals, negative for β-TT, can be incorrectly diagnosed as carriers. CONCLUSION Given the percentage of samples falling in the HbA2 "borderline" and "normal" categories, it can be concluded that HbA2 has a measure of unreliability in the diagnosis of β-thalassemia carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Al-Amodi
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda Z Ghanem
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh A Aldakeel
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom
- b Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique Ahmed
- b Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sana Al-Jarrash
- d Dammam Maternity and Child Hospital , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shakil Akhtar
- e Department of Biochemistry , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- e Department of Biochemistry , Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- a Department of Genetic Research , Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University , Dammam , Saudi Arabia
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Doggui R, Abdelhafidh Sahli C, Aissa WL, Hammami M, Ben Sedrine M, Mahjoub R, Zouaoui K, Daboubi R, Siala H, Messaoud T, Bibi A. Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing: Analytical performance assessment according to CLSI protocols for HbA 1c quantification. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2210-2218. [PMID: 28543614 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
HbA1c is used for monitoring diabetic balance. In this paper we report an assessment of the analytical performances of Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing (C2FP) for HbA1c measurement using CE (Capillary Electrophoresis). CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) protocols are used for the evaluation of apparatus performances: precision, linearity, method comparison, trueness and common interferences. HbA1c CVs average in intra-assay was 1.6% between run imprecision CV ranged from 0.1 to 1.8%. The linearity was demonstrated between 4.7 and 15.0%. The comparison study revealed that Bland Altman plot mean difference was equal to -0.03 (CI 95% (-0.05 to -0.0003)) and Passing-Bablok regression intercept was -0.05, CI95%(-0.13 - -0.05); slope: 1.00, CI95%[1.00-1.01]. A strong correlation (r > 0.99) was proved. No significant effects of hemoglobin variants were seen with CE on HbA1c measurement. No problem related to sample-to-sample carry over was noted. No interferences of LA1c and cHb were observed. CE allowed quantification of HbA1c even at low level of total hemoglobin (40 g/L) in contrast to HPLC. Furthermore, this analyzer offered the opportunity of quantifying the HbA2 simultaneously with HbA1c . This evaluation showed that C2FP is a convenient system for the control of diabetes and the detection of hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhouene Doggui
- SURVEN Laboratory, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Chaïma Abdelhafidh Sahli
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wassef Lotfi Aissa
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Hammami
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maha Ben Sedrine
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khemais Zouaoui
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Daboubi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Children Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Siala
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Children Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Taieb Messaoud
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Children Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bibi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
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Wajcman H, Azimi M, Cui J, Hoppe C, Flamini M, Ho C, Reddy S. Hemoglobinopathy testing: the significance of accuracy and pitfalls in HbA 2 determination. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 39:e23-e27. [PMID: 27976500 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Wajcman
- Inserm U955, Team 2, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - M Azimi
- Children's Hospital & Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - J Cui
- Children's Hospital & Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - C Hoppe
- Children's Hospital & Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - M Flamini
- Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Clinical Systems Division, Hercules, CA, USA
| | - C Ho
- Division of Hematology, Lifelabs Medical Laboratory Services, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - S Reddy
- Division of Hematology, Lifelabs Medical Laboratory Services, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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11
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Hemoglobin Analysis in the First Year of Life. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016; 8:e2016012. [PMID: 26977271 PMCID: PMC4771140 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2016.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In newborns and infants during their first year of life, there is a dynamic change in the fraction of hemoglobin (Hb). To apply Hb analysis as a phenotypic diagnosis of thalassemia in newborns and infants, we need normal values of each Hb fraction for reference. METHODS Seventeen cord bloods from normal deliveries were collected for analysis. One hundred and thirty-seven infants from the pediatric outpatient clinic were recruited and were categorized by their ages into a series of short periods (month±2 weeks). Both alpha and beta thalassemia carriers detected were excluded. Samples with an Hb level less than 10.0 g/dL were also excluded. The proportion of Hb A (α2β2), A2 (α2δ2), and F (α2γ2) was obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed according to its categorized periods. RESULTS There were 90 (58.4%) specimens left for evaluation. The percentage of Hb A, A2, and F gradually changed with increasing age. The percentage of Hb A was 21.14±7.04% (mean±SD) in cord blood and increased substantially to 83.38±1.31% at the sixth month. The level was sustained thereafter. The incremental pattern of Hb A2 was similar to Hb A. The value was 0.32±0.19% at the beginning and reached a plateau with 2.78±0.25% at the sixth month. The percentage of Hb F started at 78.39±7.59% in cord blood and decreased rapidly in the first 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The data possibly can be applied as quick guidance for interpretation of Hb analysis in newborns and infants during their first year of life.
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da Fonseca SF, Amorim T, Purificação A, Gonçalves M, Boa-Sorte N. Hemoglobin A2 values in sickle cell disease patients quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and the influence of alpha thalassemia. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2015; 37:296-301. [PMID: 26408362 PMCID: PMC4685046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In sickle cell disease, the quantification of Hb A2 is important for the differential diagnosis between sickle cell anemia (Hb SS) and Hb S/β0-thalassemia. Objective To determine Hb A2 levels as quantified by high performance liquid chromatography in patients with sickle cell anemia (Hb SS) and with the SC hemoglobinopathy, with or without concomitant alpha thalassemia. Methods This is a retrospective study of 242 children aged between two and six years with diagnoses of Hb SS or Hb SC. The hemoglobin was evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography and alpha thalassemia [3.7 kb deletion (−α3.7)] was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Patients were classified as homozygous (−α3.7/−α3.7), heterozygous (−α3.7/α), or homozygous wild-type. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean Hb A2 values between the alpha thalassemia groups. Results The mean (± standard deviation) Hb A2 concentrations in the Hb SS group (n = 135) was 3.68 ± 0.65%. The mean values for individuals with Hb SS and heterozygous (n = 28) or homozygous for alpha thalassemia (n = 3) were 3.98 ± 0.64% and 4.73 ± 0.25%, respectively. The mean Hb A2 of all the Hb SC patients (n = 107) was 4.01 ± 0.507 with 4.29 ± 0.41% and 4.91 ± 0.22% in individuals heterozygous (n = 23) and homozygous for alpha thalassemia (n = 7), respectively. All patients homozygous for alpha thalassemia had Hb A2 levels above 3.5%. However, Hb A2 values above 5.2% were seen in patients with Hb SS and Hb SC, independently of alpha thalassemia. Conclusion Hb A2 levels are elevated in patients with Hb S or Hb C, and are directly influenced by the alpha thalassemia genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Amorim
- Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Pornprasert S, Punyamung M. Detection of compound heterozygous of hb constant spring and hb q-Thailand by capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 31:229-32. [PMID: 25825563 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) has proven to be superior to a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the detection of hemoglobin Constant Spring (Hb CS). Thus the aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of CE and HPLC for the detection of Hb CS in samples with compound heterozygous of Hb CS and Hb Q-Thailand. Hemoglobin analysis was performed in blood samples of 2 patients with compound heterozygous of Hb CS and Hb Q-Thailand by using HPLC and CE. The HPLC chromatogram and CE electrophoregram of the two techniques were compared. Hb CS was not found on HPLC chromatogram while Hb QA2 (α2 (QT)δ2), a derivative of Hb Q-Thailand, was presented at the retention time of 4.70-4.80 min and it was close to the retention time of Hb CS. On CE electrophoregram, Hb CS was presented at zone 2 (Z2) and it was distinctly separated from Hb QA2 which was presented at Z1. Therefore, CE was more efficient to the HPLC for diagnosis of compound heterozygous of Hb CS and Hb Q-Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakorn Pornprasert
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Manoo Punyamung
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Khosa SM, Usman M, Moinuddin M, Mehmood HO, Qamar K. Comparative analysis of cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography for quantitative determination of hemoglobin A2. Blood Res 2015; 50:46-50. [PMID: 25830130 PMCID: PMC4377338 DOI: 10.5045/br.2015.50.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study is designed to evaluate the reliability and cost effectiveness of cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the determination of HbA2 levels. Methods The test population comprised 160 individuals divided into four groups: normal individuals, β-thalassemia trait (BTT) patients, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients, and co-morbid patients (BTT with IDA). HbA2 levels determined using cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis and HPLC were compared. Results HbA2 levels were found to be diagnostic for classical BTT using either method. In co-morbid cases, both techniques failed to diagnose all cases of BTT. The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index for detection of the co-morbid condition was 69% and 66% for HPLC and cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis, respectively. Conclusion This study revealed that semi-automated cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis is more suitable for use in β-thalassemia prevention programs in low-income countries like Pakistan. This technique is easily available, simple and cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Mohammad Khosa
- Baqai Institute of Hematology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. ; Baqai Institute of Hematology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Baqai Institute of Hematology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. ; Baqai Institute of Hematology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Khansa Qamar
- Baqai Institute of Hematology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Detection of Abnormal Hemoglobin Variants by HPLC Method: Common Problems with Suggested Solutions. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:257805. [PMID: 27351019 PMCID: PMC4897512 DOI: 10.1155/2014/257805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia and thalassemic hemoglobinopathies pose serious health problem leading to severe morbidity and mortality in Indian population. Plethora of hemoglobin variants is prevalent in multiethnic Indian population. The aim of the present study was to analyze laboratory aspects, namely, hematological profile and HPLC findings of the hemoglobin variants detected, and to discuss problems that we faced in diagnosis in a routine clinical laboratory. We screened a total of 4800 cases in a hospital based population of North India in a 2-years period of by automated HPLC method using the Variant Hemoglobin Testing System (Variant II Beta Thalassemia Short Program, Bio-Rad Laboratories) under the experimental conditions specified by the manufacturer. Whole blood in EDTA was used and red cell indices were determined using automated hematology analyzer. We detected 290 cases with abnormal variants in which beta thalassemia was the most common followed by hemoglobin E. Here, we discuss the laboratory aspects of various hemoglobin disorders and diagnostic difficulties in cases like borderline HbA2 values, presence of silent mutation, alpha thalassemia gene, and few rare variants which at times require correlation with genetic study. Special attention was given to HbA2 level even in presence of a structural variant to rule out coinheritance of beta thalassemia gene.
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Lou JW, He Y, Liu YH, Zhong BM, Zhao Y, He XX, Li DZ. Detection of Hb Anti-Lepore Hong Kong (NG_000007.3: g.63154_70565dup) in Chinese Individuals. Hemoglobin 2014; 38:146-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2013.875477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Acosta-Martin AE, Coelho Graça D, Antinori P, Clerici L, Hartmer R, Meyer M, Hochstrasser D, Samii K, Lescuyer P, Scherl A. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Intact Hemoglobin A2 by Precursor Ion Isolation and Detection. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7971-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401782t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelina E. Acosta-Martin
- Department of Human Protein
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory
Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals,
Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didia Coelho Graça
- Department of Human Protein
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Antinori
- Department of Human Protein
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorella Clerici
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory
Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals,
Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Denis Hochstrasser
- Department of Human Protein
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory
Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals,
Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaveh Samii
- Division of Hematology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Lescuyer
- Department of Human Protein
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory
Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals,
Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Scherl
- Department of Human Protein
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory
Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals,
Geneva, Switzerland
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Altinier S, Varagnolo M, Zaninotto M, Plebani M. Identification and quantification of hemoglobins in whole blood: the analytical and organizational aspects of Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing compared with agarose electrophoresis and HPLC methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:791-7. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Cotton F, Wolff F, Gulbis B. Automated capillary electrophoresis in the screening for hemoglobinopathies. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:227-35. [PMID: 23386347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders of globin chains characterized by the decreased expression of α- or β-globin chains (thalassemias) or by the synthesis of an abnormal protein (hemoglobin variants in, e.g., sickle cell disease). The screening of most hemoglobinopathies relies, together with hematological results and clinical elements, on the separation and quantification of normal and abnormal hemoglobin fractions. Gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and HPLC have been the methods of choice for many years. For about 20 years, capillary electrophoresis has appeared as a strong alternative method. Since the early 2000s, automated instruments are commercially available for the analysis of Hb fractions in adult patients but also for neonatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Cotton
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Borbely N, Phelan L, Szydlo R, Bain B. Capillary zone electrophoresis for haemoglobinopathy diagnosis. J Clin Pathol 2012; 66:29-39. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AimsCapillary zone electrophoresis (CE) at alkaline pH is increasingly used in haemoglobinopathy diagnosis. We report our evaluation of automated CE, using the Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing instrument, as a routine diagnostic method for the detection of variant haemoglobins and the diagnosis of β thalassaemia.MethodsA Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing instrument with Phoresis software was evaluated in our laboratory over a 6-week period, comparisons being made with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and, for haemoglobin A2 quantification, with microcolumn chromatography.ResultsThe instrument was easy to use and was suitable for the quantification of haemoglobin A2. Quantification of A2 was precise and the percentage was stable with ageing of the blood specimen. Results differ among HPLC, CE and microcolumn chromatography and use of an instrument-specific, method-specific reference range is therefore recommended until such time as there is standardisation between methods and manufacturers. Common variant haemoglobins were provisionally identified without difficulty. There are some uncommon variant haemoglobins that are detected by HPLC but not by capillary electrophoresis, but the reverse also occurs.ConclusionsCapillary electrophoresis using a Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing instrument is suitable for haemoglobinopathy diagnosis.
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Li DZ, Zhou JY, Xie XM, Liao C. Association of Hb New York with Hb E and α(0)-thalassemia in a Chinese woman identified by Sebia CapillaryS2 system. Hemoglobin 2012; 36:157-60. [PMID: 22356116 DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2012.658129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe a Chinese woman who was assumed to be heterozygous for both Hb E [β26(B8)Glu→Lys] and α(0)-thalassemia (α(0)-thal) by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, but was later also shown to be a Hb New York [β113(G15)Val→Glu] heterozygote by the Sebia CapillaryS2 system. This study suggested that a single test is never sufficient to allow the correct diagnosis of an abnormal hemoglobin (Hb). We also emphasize the importance of a correct diagnosis of interactions between α- and β-thalassemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Paleari R, Gulbis B, Cotton F, Mosca A. Interlaboratory comparison of current high-performance methods for HbA2. Int J Lab Hematol 2012; 34:362-8. [PMID: 22321217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2012.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few data are available on the alignment of the different methods used for HbA(2) quantitation and recent external quality survey results show a consistent spread of HbA(2) values. To this aim, a comparison study among the actual best performing techniques for HbA(2) determination, comprising HPLC and CE methods, was performed. METHODS A total of 80 blood samples collected from normal subjects and β-thalassemia carriers were analyzed by different HPLC (Bio-Rad Variant I, Bio-Rad Variant II, Menarini HA-8160, Tosoh G7, Tosoh G8) and capillary electrophoresis (Beckman Coulter MDQ and ProteomeLab PA 800, Sebia Capillarys 2) methods. Patient's samples with clinically relevant hemoglobin variants (HbC, HbD, HbE, HbS, and δ-chain variants) were also tested by all methods. RESULTS The mean within-run imprecision of HbA(2) measurement (expressed as CV, %) was between 0.5% and 4.4% (HPLC) and between 1.2% and 4.4% (capillary electrophoresis). The comparison study showed that the different methods were highly correlated (r between 0.974 and 0.997) although biased each other. HbA(2) determination in presence of abnormal hemoglobins was variously interfered by both HPLC and CE methods. Concerning HbF, the mean imprecision at HbF values ≥1.5% was between 1.2% and 8.2% (as CVs). CONCLUSIONS A poor alignment of routine methods for HbA(2) measurement was found. The need of a better standardization of HbA(2) measurement procedures was underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paleari
- CIRME, Dip. di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Kim JE, Kim BR, Woo KS, Kim JM, Park JI, Han JY. Comparison of capillary electrophoresis with cellulose acetate electrophoresis for the screening of hemoglobinopathies. Korean J Lab Med 2011; 31:238-43. [PMID: 22016676 PMCID: PMC3190001 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.4.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-thalassemia is primarily found in individuals of Mediterranean and Southeast Asian ancestry. With rapid growth in the Southeast Asian segments of the Korean population, the geographic distribution of hemoglobinopathies is expected to become significantly different from what it is today. In this study, Hb fractions were measured in patients with hypochromic microcytosis to detect thalassemia and Hb variants. To evaluate the feasibility of replacing cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CA) with capillary electrophoresis (CE) in a clinical laboratory, both techniques were performed and the outcomes were compared. METHODS To evaluate hemoglobinopathies, complete blood cell counts (CBC), CA, and CE were carried out on samples from healthy and microcytic hypochromic groups. The microcytic hypochromic group consisted of 103 patients whose mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was less than 75 fL and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was less than 24 pg. Quantitative analysis of Hb fractions was performed on 143 whole blood samples. RESULTS There was a good correlation for measurements of HbA (r=0.9370, P<0.0001), HbA(2) (r=0.8973 P<0.0001), and HbF (r= 0.8010, P=0.0304) between the two methods. In the microcytic hypochromic group, there were 29 cases (28.2%) with decreased HbA(2), 2 cases (1.9%) with increased HbA(2), 3 cases (2.9%) with increased HbF, and 2 cases (1.9%) with increased HbA(2) and HbF. CONCLUSIONS CE is comparable to CA for reliable measurement of Hb fractions. It is suitable for screening of hemoglobinopathies in many clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 1, 3-ga Dongdaesin-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, Korea
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Panyasai S, Sukunthamala K, Jaiping K, Wongwiwatthananukit S, Singboottra P, Pornprasert S. Interference of hemoglobin Hope on beta-thalassemia diagnosis by the capillary electrophoresis Method. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 136:14-8. [PMID: 21685027 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp1bt2mgatkfhl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-chain hemoglobin (Hb) variants interfere with the diagnosis of β-thalassemia trait using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). We analyzed the effect of Hb Hope, a β-chain Hb variant frequently found in the Thai population, on β-thalassemia trait diagnosis. HPLC and CE were used to quantify the level of HbA(2) in 11 whole blood samples containing Hb Hope. The levels of Hb Hope detected by both methods were similar. An elevated HbA(2) level was found in all samples analyzed by the CE method, while 1 was increased when analyzed by HPLC, which was a compound heterozygous of Hb Hope and α-thalassemia-1 SEA-type deletion. Of 11 samples, 6 had mean corpuscular volumes within the reference range. All samples showed negative results for molecular analysis of β(0)-thalassemia codon 17, 41/42, and 71/72 mutations and β-thalassemia 3.5-kb deletion. Therefore, Hb Hope interfered with the diagnosis of β-thalassemia trait analyzed by CE but not by HPLC.
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