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Schmidt RL, White SK, Timme KH, McFarland MM, Lomo LC. Graduate Medical Education in Pathology: A Scoping Review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:117-127. [PMID: 37014974 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0365-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Pathologists have produced a substantial body of literature on graduate medical education (GME). However, this body of literature is diverse and has not yet been characterized. OBJECTIVE.— To chart the concepts, research methods, and publication patterns of studies on GME in pathology. DATA SOURCES.— This was a systematic scoping review covering all literature produced since 1980 in the PubMed and Embase databases. CONCLUSIONS.— Research on GME in pathology is evenly dispersed across educational topics. This body of literature would benefit from research based on theory, stronger study designs, and studies that can provide evidence to support decisions on educational policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Schmidt
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Sandra K White
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Kathleen H Timme
- the Department of Endocrinology, Eccles Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah (Timme)
| | - Mary M McFarland
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Lesley C Lomo
- From the Department of Pathology (Schmidt, White, Lomo) and Eccles Health Sciences Library (McFarland), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah (Schmidt, Lomo)
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2
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Tay AZ, Tang PY, New LM, Zhang X, Leow WQ. Detecting residents at risk of attrition - A Singapore pathology residency's experience. Acad Pathol 2023; 10:100075. [PMID: 37095782 PMCID: PMC10121803 DOI: 10.1016/j.acpath.2023.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The SingHealth Pathology Residency Program (SHPRP) is a 5-year postgraduate training program in Singapore. We face the problem of resident attrition, which has a significant impact on the individual, program and healthcare providers. Our residents are regularly evaluated, using in-house evaluations as well as assessments required in our partnership with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education International (ACGME-I). We hence sought to determine if these assessments were able to distinguish residents who would attrite from residents who would graduate successfully. Retrospective analysis of existing residency assessments was performed on all residents who have separated from SHPRP and compared with residents currently in senior residency or graduated from the program. Statistical analysis was performed on quantitative assessment methods of Resident In-Service Examination (RISE), 360-degree feedback, faculty assessment, Milestones and our own annual departmental mock examination. Word frequency analysis of narrative feedback from faculty assessment was used to generate themes. Since 2011, 10 out of 34 residents have separated from the program. RISE, Milestone data and the departmental mock examination showed statistical significance in discriminating residents at risk of attrition for specialty-related reasons from successful residents. Analysis of narrative feedback showed that successful residents performed better in areas of organization, preparation with clinical history, application of knowledge, interpersonal communication and achieving sustained progress. Existing assessment methods used in our pathology residency program are effective in detecting residents at risk of attrition. This also suggests applications in the way that we select, assess and teach residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Z.E. Tay
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Corresponding author. Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 10, Diagnostic Tower, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - Po Yin Tang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lee May New
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiaozhu Zhang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei-Qiang Leow
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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3
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Han R, Keith J, Slodkowska E, Nofech-Mozes S, Djordjevic B, Parra-Herran C, Shachar S, Mirkovic J, Sherman C, Hsieh E, Ismiil N, Lu FI. Hot Seat Diagnosis: Competency-Based Tool Is Superior to Time-Based Tool for the Formative In-Service Assessment of Pathology Trainees. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 146:123-131. [PMID: 34133708 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0702-ep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Competency-based medical education relies on frequent formative in-service assessments to ascertain trainee progression. Currently at our institution, trainees receive a summative end-of-rotation In-Training Evaluation Report based on feedback collected from staff pathologists. There is no method of simulating report sign-out. OBJECTIVE.— To develop a formative in-service assessment tool that is able to simulate report sign-out and provide case-by-case feedback to trainees. Further, to compare time- versus competency-based assessment models. DESIGN.— Twenty-one pathology trainees were assessed for 20 months. Hot Seat Diagnosis by trainees and trainee assessment by pathologists were recorded in the Laboratory Information System. In the first iteration, trainees were assessed by using a time-based assessment scale on their ability to diagnose, report, use ancillary testings, comment on clinical implications, provide intraoperative consultation and/or gross cases. The second iteration used a competency-based assessment scale. Trainees and pathologists completed surveys on the effectiveness of the In-Training Evaluation Report versus the Hot Seat Diagnosis tool. RESULTS.— Scores from both iterations correlated significantly with other assessment tools including the Resident In-Service Examination (r = 0.93, P = .04 and r = 0.87, P = .03). The competency-based model was better able to demonstrate improvement over time and stratify junior versus senior trainees than the time-based model. Trainees and pathologists rated Hot Seat Diagnosis as significantly more objective, detailed, and timely than the In-Training Evaluation Report, and effective at simulating report sign-out. CONCLUSIONS.— Hot Seat Diagnosis is an effective tool for the formative in-service assessment of pathology trainees and simulation of report sign-out, with the competency-based model outperforming the time-based model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Han
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Julia Keith
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Sharon Nofech-Mozes
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Bojana Djordjevic
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Carlos Parra-Herran
- The Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Parra-Herran)
| | - Sade Shachar
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Jelena Mirkovic
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Christopher Sherman
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
| | - Eugene Hsieh
- The Department of Pathology, Dynacare, Brampton, Ontario, Canada (Hsieh)
| | - Nadia Ismiil
- The Department of Pathology, Lakeridge Health Ajax Pickering Hospital, Ajax, Ontario, Canada (Ismiil)
| | - Fang-I Lu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Han, Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu).,The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Keith, Slodkowska, Nofech-Mozes, Djordjevic, Shachar, Mirkovic, Sherman, Lu)
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4
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Neltner J, Bocklage T. Levering adult learning principles into a residency core curriculum. Cancer Cytopathol 2021; 129:501-505. [PMID: 33739608 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Neltner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Thèrése Bocklage
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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5
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Adkins BD. Recent Advances in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology Board Examination Pass Rates. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 144:1448-1450. [PMID: 32383976 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0594-ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Adkins
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
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Singh G, Bollag RJ, Savage NM. Engaging Pathology Residents in Clinical Chemistry: The Essential Ingredient Is a Committed Teacher. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 6:522-531. [PMID: 33674880 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathology residents are thought to show a lack of interest in clinical chemistry, therefore potentially graduating from training programs unprepared to function as laboratory directors and clinical consultants. METHODS A structured program of tutorials based primarily on Henry's textbook, supplemented by recent review articles; a question bank of about 600 questions to emphasize key concepts; requirement for performing and presenting quality improvement projects; participation in on-site CAP inspections; review of reference laboratory test requests; and involving residents in scholarly activity have resulted in sustained, transferable, and significant improvements in engagement, knowledge, competence, and examination scores. RESULTS The primary parameter for measuring change in resident competence and engagement were improvements in resident in-service examination (RISE) scores, publications in peer-reviewed journals, and receipt of awards. The revised program produced significant improvement in RISE scores in clinical chemistry, over and above the improvements in the general residency program. The residents were authors on 12 publications in peer-reviewed PubMed listed journals in the 5-year period since revision in the clinical chemistry curriculum compared to no publications in clinical chemistry in the 5-year period before the new curriculum. Over the past 2 years, 6 of the 11 publications by graduating residents were in clinical chemistry, and 6 of 7 awards for research were garnered by residents engaged in clinical chemistry investigations. All of the residents passed their clinical pathology boards on first attempt since the change compared to 2 failures in the prior 5-year period. CONCLUSIONS The structured program described here is important as a template that could be adopted by any pathology training program. The question bank developed by this program is a valuable and transferable aid. However, success of such a program is dependent on the commitment of a knowledgeable, dedicated, and passionate teacher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmukh Singh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Roni J Bollag
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Natasha M Savage
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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7
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Haspel RL, Genzen JR, Wagner J, Lockwood CM, Fong K, Adesina AM, Browning L, Chabot-Richards D, Cushman-Vokoun AM, D’Angelo AR, DeFrances MC, Devarakonda S, Fernandes H, Fernandez P, Gupta R, Hurwitz ME, Lindeman NI, Nobori A, Nohr E, Payton J, Saylor B, Sobel ME, Stringer KF, Vanderbilt CM, Young M, Adesina AM, Browning L, Chabot-Richards D, Cushman-Vokoun AM, D’Angelo AR, DeFrances MC, Devarakonda S, Fernandes H, Fernandez P, Gupta R, Hurwitz ME, Lindeman NI, Nobori A, Nohr E, Payton J, Saylor B, Sobel ME, Stringer KF, Vanderbilt CM, Young M. Integration of Genomic Medicine in Pathology Resident Training. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 154:784-791. [PMID: 32696061 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess current pathology resident training in genomic and molecular pathology. METHODS The Training Residents in Genomics (TRIG) Working Group has developed survey questions for the pathology Resident In-Service Examination (RISE) since 2012. Responses to these questions, as well as knowledge questions, were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 2,529 residents took the 2019 RISE. Since 2013, there has been an increase in postgraduate year 4 (PGY4) respondents indicating training in genomic medicine (58% to approximately 80%) but still less than almost 100% each year for molecular pathology. In 2019, PGY4 residents indicated less perceived knowledge and ability related to both genomic and traditional molecular pathology topics compared with control areas. Knowledge question results supported this subjective self-appraisal. CONCLUSIONS The RISE is a powerful tool for assessing the current state and also trends related to resident training in genomic pathology. The results show progress but also the need for improvement in not only genomic pathology but traditional molecular pathology training as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Haspel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jay Wagner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Chicago, IL
| | - Christina M Lockwood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Karen Fong
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Chicago, IL
| | - Adekunle M Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Devon Chabot-Richards
- Department of Pathology, TriCore Reference Laboratories and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | | | - Alix R D’Angelo
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Marie C DeFrances
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Helen Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Pedro Fernandez
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ruta Gupta
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Neal I Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Nobori
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erik Nohr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Payton
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Benjamin Saylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Mark E Sobel
- American Society for Investigative Pathology, Bethesda, MD
| | - Keith F Stringer
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chad M Vanderbilt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin Young
- Cytopathology Department, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adekunle M Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Devon Chabot-Richards
- Department of Pathology, TriCore Reference Laboratories and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | | | - Alix R D’Angelo
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Marie C DeFrances
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Helen Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Pedro Fernandez
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ruta Gupta
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Neal I Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Nobori
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erik Nohr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Payton
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Benjamin Saylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Mark E Sobel
- American Society for Investigative Pathology, Bethesda, MD
| | - Keith F Stringer
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chad M Vanderbilt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin Young
- Cytopathology Department, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Peedin AR, Genzen JR, Karp JK. Correlating Transfusion Medicine In-Service Examination Scores With Outcomes of the American Board of Pathology Transfusion Medicine Subspecialty Certifying Examination. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 153:497-501. [PMID: 31665222 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Transfusion Medicine In-Service Examination (TMISE) is offered twice a year to transfusion medicine (TM) fellows. We examined the relationship between TMISE scores and outcomes of the American Board of Pathology (ABP) TM subspecialty certifying examination (TM boards). METHODS TM fellowship programs were contacted to provide anonymous data about TM fellows, their scores on TMISE, and outcome of TM boards. RESULTS Of 48 TM fellowship programs contacted, 24 (50%) responded with data for 170 fellows. Average TMISE score of fellows who passed their first TM boards attempt was 71.3, while the average TMISE score of fellows who failed their first TM boards attempt was 64.3 (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS TMISE scores correlated with passing TM boards on the first attempt. Fellows who took the TM boards the same year that they graduated from TM fellowship had a significantly higher first-time pass rate than fellows who delayed taking TM boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R Peedin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Julie K Karp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
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Newkirk KM, Xiaocun S, Bailey MR. Correlation of Mock Board Examination Scores During Anatomic Pathology Residency Training with Performance on the Certifying Examination. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 47:39-43. [PMID: 31951799 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.1117-177r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mock board exams are common in residency programs across many disciplines. However, the value of mock board results in predicting success on the actual certifying examination is largely anecdotal and undocumented. The University of Tennessee anatomic pathology residency program has a long history of giving mock board exams twice a year during the course of the 3-year diagnostic training program. The mock exams give residents a sense of the types of questions that may appear on the actual certifying examination. The resulting scores serve to help identify improvement areas to focus additional study. In addition, by providing residents the mental and physical experiences designed to mimic the test day, we hope to better prepare these trainees for optimal performance on the certifying examination. This study correlated mock board results of 16 anatomic pathology residents, from July 2006 through January 2016, with their subsequent performance on the certifying exam. The results of these biannual exams were significantly correlated (p < .001) with results for the American College of Veterinary Pathologists Certifying Examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Newkirk
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee
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10
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Cotta CV, Chute DJ, Theil KS. Quantification of the Effectiveness of a Residency Program Using the Resident In-Service Examination. Acad Pathol 2018; 5:2374289518781575. [PMID: 30014036 PMCID: PMC6039900 DOI: 10.1177/2374289518781575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a quantitative tool in the assessment of residency programs, in which national ranking of residents after the resident in-service examination in postgraduate year 4 is compared to that in postgraduate year 1. The relationship between training and changes in ranking, resident in-service examination results before and after training in specific areas are also compared. To illustrate the use of this novel approach, data from a large residency program were analyzed. The 70 residents were ranked as a postgraduate year 1 group at the 50th national percentile. As postgraduate year 4 residents, they were ranked at the 59th percentile, a significant (P < .003) improvement. There was moderate correlation between performance in postgraduate year 1 and that in postgraduate year 4 (0.61); however, initial ranking was no indication of the final (R2 = .34), with the exception of high performers. Training in specific areas improved ranking, demonstrating association between training and performance. In conclusion, the effectiveness of training provided by a residency program can be quantified using the resident in-service examination. This should provide a quantitative tool in the assessment of postgraduate programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu V. Cotta
- R.J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deborah J. Chute
- R.J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karl S. Theil
- R.J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Can NT, White KL, Calkins S, Ljung BM, Khanafshar E. Cytology cases of the week: an educational tool that improves trainee exposure to cytology. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2018; 7:106-110. [PMID: 31043253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires residents to examine 1500 cytology specimens by the end of residency. Cytology cases of the week (COWs) were instituted in 2010-2011 in an effort to increase trainee exposure to cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Images of 2 to 5 cases with basic clinical information are sent to residents weekly. Residents have 1 week to respond by e-mail; after which, correct answers are e-mailed. Cytology resident in-service examination (RISE) scores were used to assess the effectiveness of COWs. Additionally, a feedback survey was distributed to trainees to determine the perception of COWs as a teaching tool. RESULTS An unpaired two-sided t test showed residents who participated in COWs scored 15.4% higher on the RISE than residents who participated minimally or not at all over the 5-year period (P < 0.05). In 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, when COWs were minimally and not at all offered, we saw a significant decrease in average cytology RISE scores compared with prior years when COWs were offered (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between percentage of correctly submitted answers for COWs and RISE scores. The vast majority (83%) of trainees reported participating in COWs for self-study, and the majority (86%) felt participation in COWs increased their cytology knowledge. Major reasons for not participating included technical challenges and time limitations. CONCLUSIONS COWs are an effective educational tool that increase resident fund of knowledge in cytology. Residents who participate in COWs perform higher on the RISE, regardless of percentage of correctly submitted answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Thuy Can
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Regional Medical Center, San Jose, California
| | - Kristie L White
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah Calkins
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Britt-Marie Ljung
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Elham Khanafshar
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Forcucci JA, Hyer JM, Bruner ET, Lewin DN, Batalis NI. Success in Implementation of a Resident In-Service Examination Review Series. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 147:370-373. [PMID: 28340222 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary pathology board certification has been correlated with senior resident in-service examination (RISE) performance. We describe our success with an annual, month-long review series. METHODS Aggregate program RISE performance data were gathered for 3 years prior to and 3 years following initiation of the review series. In addition, mean United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and 2 Clinical Knowledge scores for residents participating in each RISE examination were obtained to control for incoming knowledge and test-taking ability. Linear models were used to evaluate differences in average RISE performance prior to and following the initiation of the review series in addition to controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS Significant improvement was noted in the grand total, anatomic pathology section average, clinical pathology section average, and transfusion medicine section. Although not statistically significant, improvement was noted on the cytopathology and clinical chemistry sections. There was no significant difference in scores in hematopathology, molecular pathology, and the special topics section average. In addition, improvement in primary pathology board certification rates was also noted. CONCLUSIONS Institution of a month-long RISE review series demonstrated improved overall performance within our training program. The success could easily be replicated in any training program without significant disruption to an annual didactic series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Madison Hyer
- Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | - David N. Lewin
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
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O'Neill TR, Peabody MR, Song H. The Predictive Validity of the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners' COMLEX-USA Examinations With Regard to Outcomes on American Board of Family Medicine Examinations. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2016; 91:1568-1575. [PMID: 27254014 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the predictive validity of the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners' Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States of America (COMLEX-USA) series with regard to the American Board of Family Medicine's (ABFM's) In-Training Examination (ITE) and Maintenance of Certification for Family Physicians (MC-FP) Examination. METHOD A repeated-measures design was employed, using test scores across seven levels of training for 1,023 DOs who took the MC-FP for the first time between April 2012 and November 2014 and for whom the ABFM had ITE scores for each of their residency years. Pearson and disattenuated correlations were calculated; Fisher r to z transformation was performed; and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the COMLEX-USA Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) with regard to the MC-FP were computed. RESULTS The Pearson and disattenuated correlations ranged from 0.55 to 0.69 and from 0.61 to 0.80, respectively. For MC-FP scores, only the correlation increase from the COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE to Level 3 was statistically significant (for Pearson correlations: z = 2.41, P = .008; for disattenuated correlations: z = 3.16, P < .001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE with the MC-FP were 0.90, 0.39, 0.96, and 0.19, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Evidence was found that the COMLEX-USA can assist family medicine residency program directors in predicting later resident performance on the ABFM's ITE and MC-FP, which is becoming increasingly important as graduate medical education accreditation moves toward a single aligned model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R O'Neill
- T.R. O'Neill is vice president of psychometric services, American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. M.R. Peabody is a psychometrician, American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. H. Song is senior director for psychometrics and research, National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Chicago, Illinois
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Monaghan SA, Felgar RE, Kelly MA, Ali AM, Anastasi J, Bellara AP, Rinder HM, Sargent RL, Wagner J, Swerdlow SH, Johnson RL. Does Taking the Fellowship In-Service Hematopathology Examination and Performance Relate to Success on the American Board of Pathology Hematology Examination? Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 146:107-12. [PMID: 27357289 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biannual Fellow In-Service Hematopathology Examination (FISHE) assesses knowledge in five content areas. We examined the relationship between taking the FISHE and performance on it with outcomes on the first attempted American Board of Pathology Hematology subspecialty certifying examination (ABP-HE). METHODS The pass rate between the ABP-HE candidates who took the spring FISHE and those who did not were compared. The likelihood of fellows passing the ABP-HE based on their percentiles on the FISHE was also assessed. RESULTS ABP-HE candidates who took the spring FISHE had a higher pass rate (96.4%) than those who did not (76.1%, P < .001). Spring FISHE performance, including total percentile and percentiles in four of five FISHE content areas, was only a weak predictor of passing the ABP-HE. CONCLUSIONS Candidates who take the spring FISHE do better on the ABP-HE than those who do not. Most fellows passed the first attempted ABP-HE regardless of FISHE performance. Whether this is due to fellows making use of the FISHE as a self-evaluation tool to help identify and then correct their knowledge deficiencies remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Monaghan
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Raymond E Felgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Melissa A Kelly
- Department of Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL
| | - Asma M Ali
- Department of Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL
| | - John Anastasi
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Aarti P Bellara
- American Board of Pathology, Tampa, FL Department of Educational Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Henry M Rinder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rachel L Sargent
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jay Wagner
- Department of Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven H Swerdlow
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA American Board of Pathology, Tampa, FL
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Does the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Self-Assessment Examination for Residents Predict the Chances of Passing the Part 1 Board Certification Examination? PM R 2016; 9:154-158. [PMID: 27317913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year, residents in accredited United States Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) residency programs can take the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) Self-Assessment Examination for Residents (SAE-R). This 150-question, multiple-choice examination is intended for self-assessment of physiatric knowledge, but its predictive value for performance on the part 1 American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Certification Examination (ABPMR-CE) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive value of the SAE-R in relation to the part 1 ABPMR-CE. DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Data were analyzed from first time takers of the part 1 ABPMR-CE during a 5-year period from 2010 through 2014 who took at least 1 SAE-R in the third or fourth postgraduate year (PGY) of residency. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Raw scores from the SAE-R were compared with scaled scores on the part 1 examination. Regression models analyzed the predictive value of the SAE-R total score for each PGY level. RESULTS SAE-R raw scores increased an average of 5.5 points between the PGY 3 and PGY 4 year. PGY3 SAE-R raw scores accounted for 24.8% and PGY4 SAE-R scores for 27.1% of the variance in part 1 ABPMR-CE scores (P < .0001). Residents who obtained a raw score greater than 80 (53% correct) on the SAE-R had an 80% or greater chance of passing the ABPMR-CE. Scores greater than 90 (60% correct) on the SAE-R were associated with a 95% chance of passing the ABPMR-CE. CONCLUSION The SAE-R scores provide some information regarding the likelihood of passing the part 1 certification examination. This study supports the SAE-R as a means of providing PMR residents with feedback regarding their level of knowledge.
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Moroz A, Bang H. Predicting Performance on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Written Examination Using Resident Self-Assessment Examination Scores. J Grad Med Educ 2016; 8:50-6. [PMID: 26913103 PMCID: PMC4763400 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-15-00065.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies across medical specialties have shown that scores on residency self-assessment examinations (SAEs) can predict performance on certifying board examinations. OBJECTIVE This study explored the predictive abilities of different composite SAE scores in physical medicine and rehabilitation and determined an optimal cut-point to identify an "at-risk" performance group. METHODS For our study, both predictive scores (SAE scores) and outcomes (board examination scores) are expressed in national percentile scores. We analyzed data in graduates of a physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program between 2008 and 2014. We compared mean, median, lowest, highest, and most recent score among up to 3 SAE scores with respect to their associations with the outcome via linear and logistic regression. We computed regression/correlation coefficient, P value, R (2), area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Identification of optimal cut-point was guided by accuracy, discrimination, and model-fit statistics. RESULTS Predictor and outcome data were available for 88 of 99 residents. In regression models, all SAE predictors showed significant associations (P ≤ .001) and the mean score performed best (r = 0.55). A 1-point increase in mean SAE was associated with a 1.88 score increase in board score and a 16% decrease in odds of failure. The rule of mean SAE score below 47 yielded the highest accuracy, highest discrimination, and best model fit. CONCLUSIONS Mean SAE score may be used to predict performance on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-written examination. The optimal statistical cut-point to identify the at-risk group for failure appears to be around the 47th SAE national percentile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moroz
- Corresponding author: Alex Moroz, MD, New York University Langone Medical Center, 333 E 38 Street, New York, NY 10016, 212.263.6110,
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Levy D, Dvorkin R, Schwartz A, Zimmerman S, Li F. Correlation of the emergency medicine resident in-service examination with the American Osteopathic Board of Emergency Medicine Part I. West J Emerg Med 2015; 15:45-50. [PMID: 24696749 PMCID: PMC3952889 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2013.7.17904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Eligible residents during their fourth postgraduate
year (PGY-4) of emergency medicine (EM) residency training who seek specialty
board certification in emergency medicine may take the American Osteopathic
Board of Emergency Medicine (AOBEM) Part 1 Board Certifying Examination (AOBEM
Part 1). All residents enrolled in an osteopathic EM residency training program
are required to take the EM Resident In-service Examination (RISE) annually. Our
aim was to correlate resident performance on the RISE with performance on the
AOBEM Part 1. The study group consisted of osteopathic EM residents in their
PGY-4 year of training who took both examinations during that same year. Methods: We examined data from 2009 to 2012 from the National Board
of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME). The NBOME grades and performs
statistical analyses on both the RISE and the AOBEM Part 1. We used the RISE
exam scores, as reported by percentile rank, and compared them to both the score
on the AOBEM Part 1 and the dichotomous outcome of passing or failing. A
receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to depict the
relationship. Results: We studied a total of 409 residents over the 4-year period.
The RISE percentile score correlated strongly with the AOBEM Part 1 score for
residents who took both exams in the same year (r=0.61, 95%
confidence interval [CI] 0.54 to 0.66). Pass percentage on the AOBEM
Part 1 increased by resident percent decile on the RISE from 0% in the
bottom decile to 100% in the top decile. ROC analysis also showed that
the best cutoff for determining pass or fail on the AOBEM Part 1 was a
65th percentile score on the RISE. Conclusion: We have shown there is a strong correlation between a
resident's percentile score on the RISE during their PGY-4 year of
residency training and first-time success on the AOBEM Part 1 taken during the
same year. This information may be useful for osteopathic EM residents as an
indicator as to how well prepared they are for the AOBEM Part 1 Board Certifying
Examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Levy
- Emergency Department, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, New York
| | - Ronald Dvorkin
- Emergency Department, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, New York
| | - Adam Schwartz
- Emergency Department, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, New York
| | - Steven Zimmerman
- Emergency Department, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, New York
| | - Feiming Li
- National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners
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Beeson MS, Holmboe ES, Korte RC, Nasca TJ, Brigham T, Russ CM, Whitley CT, Reisdorff EJ. Initial Validity Analysis of the Emergency Medicine Milestones. Acad Emerg Med 2015; 22:838-44. [PMID: 26112031 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones describe behavioral markers for the progressive acquisition of competencies during residency. As a key component of the Next Accreditation System, all residents are evaluated for the acquisition of specialty-specific Milestones. The objective was to determine the validity and reliability of the emergency medicine (EM) Milestones. METHODS The ACGME and the American Board of Emergency Medicine performed this single-event observational study. The data included the initial EM Milestones performance ratings of all categorical EM residents submitted to the ACGME from October 31, 2013, to January 6, 2014. Mean performance ratings were determined for all 23 subcompetencies for every year of residency training. The internal consistency (reliability) of the Milestones was determined using a standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine how the subcompetencies were interrelated. RESULTS EM Milestone performance ratings were obtained on 100% of EM residents (n = 5,805) from 162 residency programs. The mean performance ratings of the aggregate and individual subcompetency scores showed discrimination between residency years, and the factor structure further supported the validity of the EM Milestones. The reliability was α = 0.96 within each year of training. CONCLUSIONS The EM Milestones demonstrated validity and reliability as an assessment instrument for competency acquisition. EM residents can be assured that this evaluation process has demonstrated validity and reliability; faculty can be confident that the Milestones are psychometrically sound; and stakeholders can know that the Milestones are a nationally standardized, objective measure of specialty-specific competency acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Beeson
- The Department of Emergency Medicine; Akron General Medical Center; Akron OH
| | - Eric S. Holmboe
- Milestones Development and Evaluation; Chicago IL
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; Chicago IL
| | | | - Thomas J. Nasca
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; Chicago IL
- Jefferson Medical Center; Philadelphia PA
| | - Timothy Brigham
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; Chicago IL
- Jefferson Medical Center; Philadelphia PA
| | - Chad M. Russ
- American Board of Emergency Medicine; East Lansing MI
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Abstract
Genomic testing has entered oncology practice. With reduced cost and faster turnaround times, clinical applications for next-generation sequencing-based assays will only continue to increase. As such, there is an urgent need for health professional education to allow implementation of these new diagnostic tools. However, current medical school, residency, and fellowship training has had limited success in educating physicians in the fundamentals of single-gene testing, let alone genomic methods. In this review, we describe the novel approach the pathology community has taken in genomic education and the potential for application to oncology trainees.
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Caturegli P, McCarthy EF, Jackson JB, Hruban RH. The Pathology Residency Program of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: a model of its kind. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:400-6. [PMID: 25724037 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0629-hp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Department of Pathology of the Johns Hopkins University pioneered in the late 19th century the application of the scientific method to the study of medicine and fostered the development of residency training programs. OBJECTIVE To trace the history of the Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program and assess with quantifiable outcomes the performance of former residents. Design .- We reviewed archival and departmental records from September 1899 to June 2014 to create a database of pathology residents. We then analyzed resident in-service examinations, American Board of Pathology examinations, and career paths. RESULTS In 115 years the department trained 555 residents who came from 133 medical schools located in 23 countries. Residents performed well on the in-service examinations, obtaining mean scaled total scores that were significantly better (P = .02) than those of the national peer groups. Residents (371 of 396, 94%) passed their boards typically at the first attempt, a percentage pass that was higher than the national average for both anatomic (P < .001) and clinical (P = .002) pathology. Approximately half of the residents went into private practice, whereas a third followed an academic career. Of the latter group, 124 (75%) became professors of pathology, 31 (19%) chairs of pathology departments, 10 (6%) deans of medical schools, 5 (3%) were elected into the National Academy of Sciences, and 1 won the Nobel prize. CONCLUSIONS While maintaining its original core values, the Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program has trained physicians to be outstanding researchers, diagnosticians, and leaders in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Caturegli
- From the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Haspel RL, Lin Y, Mallick R, Tinmouth A, Cid J, Eichler H, Lozano M, van de Watering L, Fisher PB, Ali A, Parks E. Internal medicine resident knowledge of transfusion medicine: results from the BEST-TEST international education needs assessment. Transfusion 2014; 55:1355-61. [PMID: 25522768 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is the most common hospital procedure performed in the United States. While inadequate physician transfusion medicine knowledge may lead to inappropriate practice, such an educational deficit has not been investigated on an international scale using a validated assessment tool. Identifying specific deficiencies is critical for developing curricula to improve patient care. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Rasch analysis, a method used in high-stakes testing, was used to validate an assessment tool consisting of a 23-question survey and a 20-question examination. The assessment tool was administered to internal medicine residents to determine prior training, attitudes, perceived ability, and actual knowledge related to transfusion medicine. RESULTS A total of 474 residents at 23 programs in nine countries completed the examination. The overall mean score of correct responses was 45.7% (site range, 32%-56%). The mean score for Postgraduate Year (PGY)1 (43.9%) was significantly lower than for PGY3 (47.1%) and PGY4 (50.6%) residents. Although 89% of residents had participated in obtaining informed consent from a patient for transfusion, residents scored poorly (<25% correct) on questions related to transfusion reactions. The majority of residents (65%) would find additional transfusion medicine training "very" or "extremely" helpful. CONCLUSION Internationally, internal medicine residents have poor transfusion medicine knowledge and would welcome additional training. The especially limited knowledge of transfusion reactions suggests an initial area for focused training. This study not only represents the largest international assessment of transfusion medicine knowledge, but also serves as a model for rigorous, collaborative research in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Haspel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yulia Lin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranjeeta Mallick
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Tinmouth
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Cid
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, University Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hermann Eichler
- Institute of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Miguel Lozano
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, University Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leo van de Watering
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin/LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick B Fisher
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Chicago, Illinois
| | - Asma Ali
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric Parks
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Chicago, Illinois
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Del Bigio MR, Hainfellner JA, McLean CA, Powell SZ, Sikorska B, Takahashi H, Weis J, Xuereb JH. Neuropathology training worldwide-evolution and comparisons. Brain Pathol 2014; 24:285-98. [PMID: 24251639 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Training of neuropathologists varies worldwide. Systems range from highly organized specialist and subspecialist education with national certification, to regulated training with diploma recognition, to informal apprenticeships in neurological hospitals and no formal recognition. This overview compiles and summarizes the history of regulated training systems, the status of neuropathology within various countries' medical systems and the manner in which neuropathologists are trained. Anecdotal evidence suggests that countries with regulated systems of neuropathology training and an active professional organization are more likely to have an adequate supply of diagnostic specialists and a vibrant research community. The different training systems reflect the style of medical services delivery in the respective countries. In general, the existence of formal neuropathology training systems occurs only in countries with relatively high levels of per capita health expenditures, reflecting the development of medical specialization overall. Evolving diagnostic technologies and major international research endeavors, whose goals are to understand structure and function of the human brain, demand that neuropathology training is more than simply diagnostic histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Haspel RL, Rinder HM, Frank KM, Wagner J, Ali AM, Fisher PB, Parks ER. The current state of resident training in genomic pathology: a comprehensive analysis using the resident in-service examination. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:445-51. [PMID: 25239410 DOI: 10.1309/ajcph2a4xtxjukdz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the current state of pathology resident training in genomic and molecular pathology. METHODS The Training Residents in Genomics (TRIG) Working Group developed survey and knowledge questions for the 2013 pathology Resident In-Service Examination (RISE). Sixteen demographic questions related to amount of training, current and predicted future use, and perceived ability in molecular pathology vs genomic medicine were included, along with five genomic pathology and 19 molecular pathology knowledge questions. RESULTS A total of 2,506 pathology residents took the 2013 RISE, with approximately 600 individuals per postgraduate year (PGY). For genomic medicine, 42% of PGY-4 respondents stated they had no training, compared with 7% for molecular pathology (P < .001). PGY-4 residents' perceived ability, comfort in discussing results, and predicted future use as a practicing pathologist were reported to be less in genomic medicine than in molecular pathology (P < .001). Based on PGY, knowledge question scores showed a greater increase in molecular pathology than in genomic pathology. CONCLUSIONS The RISE is a powerful tool for assessing the state of resident training in genomic pathology and current results suggest a significant deficit. The results also provide a baseline to assess future initiatives to improve genomics education for pathology residents such as those developed by the TRIG Working Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Haspel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Henry M. Rinder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Karen M. Frank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jay Wagner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL
| | - Asma M. Ali
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eric R. Parks
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL
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Davey DD, Kaplan DR, Michael CW. Strong performance on the Progressive Evaluation of Competency fellowship final examination predicts American Board of Pathology Certification. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2014; 3:269-273. [PMID: 31051681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Progressive Evaluation of Competency (PEC) program was developed to help cytopathology fellowship directors evaluate the progress of fellows before program completion. There are no data on how PEC examination results compare with American Board of Pathology (ABP) certification status. MATERIALS AND METHODS PEC final examination results from the 2011/2012 academic year were compared with performance on the ABP cytopathology examination. The total and section PEC scores were compared with ABP scaled written and practical scores, and individuals who failed the certification examination were analyzed in detail. RESULTS Of the 103 fellows who took the final PEC examination in spring of 2012, 88 took the ABP examination, and 79 became certified. The total and the fine-needle aspiration scores on the PEC exam were positively and significantly correlated with performance on both ABP exam sections. Every fellow who scored in the upper one-third on the PEC exam became certified. The failing candidates scored significantly lower in both total scores and the fine-needle aspiration section of the PEC exam. CONCLUSIONS The PEC final examination performance is positively correlated with ABP certification status, and fellows who score in the top one-third of the PEC examination become certified. These findings can help provide guidance to both fellowship directors and fellows on competency and readiness for board certification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Davis Davey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine and Orlando VAMC, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida.
| | - David R Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claire W Michael
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Haspel RL, Olsen RJ, Berry A, Hill CE, Pfeifer JD, Schrijver I, Kaul KL. Progress and potential: training in genomic pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:498-504. [PMID: 24678680 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0359-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genomic medicine is revolutionizing patient care. Physicians in areas as diverse as oncology, obstetrics, and infectious disease have begun using next-generation sequencing assays as standard diagnostic tools. OBJECTIVE To review the role of pathologists in genomic testing as well as current educational programs and future training needs in genomic pathology. DATA SOURCES Published literature as well as personal experience based on committee membership and genomic pathology curricular design. CONCLUSIONS Pathologists, as the directors of the clinical laboratories, must be prepared to integrate genomic testing into their practice. The pathology community has made significant progress in genomics-related education. A continued coordinated and proactive effort will ensure a future vital role for pathologists in the evolving health care system and also the best possible patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Haspel
- From the Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Haspel); the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Olsen); the Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Dr Berry); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Hill); the Department of Pathology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Pfeifer); the Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics and the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (Dr Schrijver); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois (Dr Kaul)
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Marco CA, Counselman FL, Korte RC, Purosky RG, Whitley CT, Reisdorff EJ. Delaying the American Board of Emergency Medicine qualifying examination is associated with poorer performance. Acad Emerg Med 2014; 21:688-93. [PMID: 25039554 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The initial step in certification by the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) requires passing a multiple-choice-question qualifying examination. The qualifying examination is typically taken in the first year after residency training. This study was undertaken to determine if a delay in taking the qualifying examination is associated with poorer performance. The authors also examined the relationship between in-training examination scores and qualifying examination scores. METHODS This was a pooled time-series cross-section study. Primary measurements were initial qualifying examination scores, the timing of the qualifying examination, and in-training examination scores. The three groups, based on qualifying examination timing, were immediate, 1-year delay, and ≥2-year delay. In-training examination scores were analyzed to determine the relationship between intrinsic ability, examination timing, and qualifying examination scores. For analysis, a generic pooled ordinary least-squares dummy variable model with robust standard errors was used. A pre hoc level of significance was determined to be α < 0.01. RESULTS There were 16,353 qualifying examination test administrations between 2000 and 2012. In-training examination scores were positively correlated with qualifying examination scores (p < 0.001). The group pass rates were 98.9% immediate, 95.6% 1-year delay, and 86.6% ≥2-year delay. After controlling for in-training examination scores, delay taking the qualifying examination of 1 year was associated with a decrease in score of -0.6 (p = 0.003). A delay in taking the qualifying examination ≥2 years was associated with a decrease in score of -2.5 points (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS After accounting for innate ability using in-training examination scores, delay taking the qualifying examination was associated with poorer performance. This effect was more pronounced if the delay was ≥2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Marco
- The Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Toledo College of Medicine; Toledo OH
| | - Francis L. Counselman
- The Department of Emergency Medicine; Eastern Virginia Medical School and Emergency Physicians of Tidewater; Norfolk VA
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Haspel RL, Lin Y, Fisher P, Ali A, Parks E. Development of a validated exam to assess physician transfusion medicine knowledge. Transfusion 2013; 54:1225-30. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Haspel
- Department of Pathology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts Canada
| | - Yulia Lin
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Patrick Fisher
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP); Chicago Illinois
| | - Asma Ali
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP); Chicago Illinois
| | - Eric Parks
- American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP); Chicago Illinois
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Juul D, Sexson SB, Brooks BA, Beresin EV, Bechtold DW, Lang JA, Faulkner LR, Tanguay P, Dingle AD. Relationship between performance on child and adolescent psychiatry in-training and certification examinations. J Grad Med Educ 2013; 5:262-6. [PMID: 24404270 PMCID: PMC3693691 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-12-00088.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies across a range of specialties have consistently yielded positive associations between performance on in-training examinations and board certification examinations, supporting the use of the in-training examination as a valuable formative feedback tool for residents and residency programs. That association to date, however, has not been tested in child and adolescent psychiatry residents. OBJECTIVE This is the first study to explore the relationship between performance on the American College of Psychiatrists' Child Psychiatry Resident In-Training Examination (CHILD PRITE) and subsequent performance on the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology's (ABPN) subspecialty multiple-choice examination (Part I) in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). METHODS Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between performance on the CHILD PRITE and the CAP Part I examination for 342 fellows. RESULTS Second-year CAP fellows performed significantly better on the CHILD PRITE than did the first-year fellows. The correlation between the CHILD PRITE total score and the CAP Part I examination total score was .41 (P = .01) for first-year CAP fellows; it was .52 (P = .01) for second-year CAP fellows. CONCLUSIONS The significant correlations between scores on the 2 tests show they assess the same achievement domain. This supports the use of the CHILD PRITE as a valid measure of medical knowledge and formative feedback tool in child and adolescent psychiatry.
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Abstract
Genomics-based diagnostics have become part of patient care. As pathologists have the expertise in clinical laboratory testing as well as access to patient samples, all genomic medicine is genomic pathology. This article will review the evidence that there is a critical need for pathology resident training in genomics. Several individual program curricula are described as well as the progress of the Training Residents in Genomics Working Group. This group has made significant advances toward developing, implementing, and evaluating a national curriculum in genomics for pathology residents. The novel approach of the Training Residents in Genomics Working Group can be used as a model for training pathology professionals in any new technology.
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A compulsory examination in pathology: redundant or necessary? Virchows Arch 2012; 461:1-2. [PMID: 22772769 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Haspel RL, Atkinson JB, Barr FG, Kaul KL, Leonard DG, O'Daniel J, Rinder HM, Scott J, Sobel ME, Speights VO. TRIG on TRACK: educating pathology residents in genomic medicine. Per Med 2012; 9:287-293. [PMID: 29758790 DOI: 10.2217/pme.12.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genomic technologies are dramatically changing the practice of medicine. Next-generation sequencing has allowed prognostic stratification of cancer patients, personalized drug therapy and the identification of genetic risk factors for a multitude of diseases. As the physicians who oversee tissue- and laboratory-based diagnostic testing, pathologists must understand and utilize this new technology for the benefit of patients; however, only a minority of pathology residency programs currently provide training in genomics. In response to this urgent need, the Training Residents in Genomics (TRIG) Working Group has made significant progress towards creating, implementing, evaluating and disseminating a national curriculum in genomic pathology. Although presented in the context of pathology training, the approach described in this review can serve as model for education in genomic medicine of students, trainees or professionals in other areas of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Haspel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - James B Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frederic G Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen L Kaul
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Debra Gb Leonard
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Henry M Rinder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joan Scott
- National Coalition for Health Professional Education in Genetics, Lutherville, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Sobel
- American Society for Investigative Pathology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V O Speights
- Department of Pathology, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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Robin NH, Reid Sutton V, Caldwell J, Jackson J, Irons M, Demmer L. The development and implementation of an in-service exam for medical genetics residency programs. Genet Med 2012; 14:552-7. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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