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Klocker EV, Hasenleithner S, Bartsch R, Gampenrieder SP, Egle D, Singer CF, Rinnerthaler G, Hubalek M, Schmitz K, Bago-Horvath Z, Petzer A, Heibl S, Heitzer E, Balic M, Gnant M. Clinical applications of next-generation sequencing-based ctDNA analyses in breast cancer: defining treatment targets and dynamic changes during disease progression. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38867388 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancements in the detection and characterization of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have revolutionized precision medicine and are likely to transform standard clinical practice. The non-invasive nature of this approach allows for molecular profiling of the entire tumor entity, while also enabling real-time monitoring of the effectiveness of cancer therapies as well as the identification of resistance mechanisms to guide targeted therapy. Although the field of ctDNA studies offers a wide range of applications, including in early disease, in this review we mainly focus on the role of ctDNA in the dynamic molecular characterization of unresectable locally advanced and metastatic BC (mBC). Here, we provide clinical practice guidance for the rapidly evolving field of molecular profiling of mBC, outlining the current landscape of liquid biopsy applications and how to choose the right ctDNA assay. Additionally, we underline the importance of exploring the clinical relevance of novel molecular alterations that potentially represent therapeutic targets in mBC, along with mutations where targeted therapy is already approved. Finally, we present a potential roadmap for integrating ctDNA analysis into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Valentina Klocker
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Samantha Hasenleithner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Rupert Bartsch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon P Gampenrieder
- Third Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Egle
- Department of Gynecology, Breast Cancer Center Tirol, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Gynecology, Breast Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Rinnerthaler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Hubalek
- Department of Gynecology, Breast Health Center Schwaz, Austria
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH and Krankenhaus St. Vinzenz, Zams, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I for Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Barmherzige Schwestern, Elisabethinen, Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH, Austria
| | - Sonja Heibl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen GmbH, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for early Detection of Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Michael Gnant
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Imterat M, Erez O, Tirosh D, Gelkop YM, Benshalom-Tirosh N, Ben-Tabo M, Douvdevani A. Cord Blood Cell-Free DNA Concentration: A Novel Marker for Neonatal Wellbeing. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:1027-1032. [PMID: 35240699 DOI: 10.1055/a-1787-3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cord gas values and Apgar scores, currently used as markers for newborn wellbeing and postpartum complications, provide rough estimates, and their use remains elusive. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may better represent newborn status at birth and the effect of parturition on the fetus. This pilot study investigates the association between cord blood (CB) cfDNA and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective cohort study, cfDNA concentration was measured in immediately following delivery collected CB sera of newborns using our rapid fluorescent assay. RESULTS During the study period, blood samples from umbilical cords of 100 newborns were collected. Vaginal delivery was associated with a higher median CB cfDNA than cesarean delivery (277 [95% confidence interval [CI] 199-377] vs. 100 [95% CI 43-265] ng/mL, p < 0.01). cfDNA levels were significantly associated with gestational age at delivery (rho = 0.308, p = 0.002) and CB base deficit (BD, r = 0.252, p = 0.017). According to maternal and fetal complications, CB cfDNA was elevated in fetuses with category II of heart rate tracing (p < 0.05), with maternal positive vaginal culture (p < 0.01), and with premature rupture of membranes (PROM, p < 0.001). Logistic regression models of CB cfDNA fourth quartiles demostrate a double odds ratio for elevated BD (>3mmol/L) and for worse heart rate tracing category. CONCLUSION Serum CB cfDNA concentration reflects the newborn's status and hazards with an excellent association with CB BD, fetal heart rate category, and maternal risk factors for infection (positive vaginal culture and PROM). This preliminary observation suggests that cfDNA can serve as a point of care biomarker for newborn status at the time of delivery. KEY POINTS · CB cfDNA levels correlated with newborn's BD.. · CB cfDNA levels reflect parturition stress and inflammation.. · cfDNA serve as a diagnostic and prediction tool for the identification of newborns at risk for morbidity..
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Imterat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Offer Erez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dan Tirosh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Miller Gelkop
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Neta Benshalom-Tirosh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maor Ben-Tabo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Amos Douvdevani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
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Wang M, Lv X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li H, Shen Z, Zhao L. Biomarkers of peripheral blood neutrophil extracellular traps in the diagnosis and progression of malignant tumors. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6935. [PMID: 38230764 PMCID: PMC10905219 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mortality rate associated with malignant tumors remains high and there is a lack of effective diagnostic and tumor progression markers. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can promote tumor-associated thrombosis, invasive metastasis, and inflammatory responses, but there is a lack of research on the value of measuring NETs in the peripheral blood of patients with malignancies. METHODS We included 263 patients with malignancies (55 gliomas, 101 ovarian, 64 colorectal, and 43 lung cancers) and 75 healthy controls in this study. We compared the levels of citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and systemic inflammation-related parameters, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index. We assessed the value of changes in NETs in peripheral blood to determine the diagnosis, venous thromboembolism, clinical staging, and systemic inflammatory response in patients with malignancy. RESULTS The levels of citH3 and cfDNA in peripheral blood can distinguish between healthy controls and tumor patients. The levels of citH3 and cfDNA before clinical intervention did not predict the risk of combined venous thromboembolism in oncology patients in the short-term after clinical intervention. The levels of citH3, cfDNA, and systemic inflammation-related parameters in the peripheral blood of tumor patients increased with the clinical stage. There was a correlation between cfDNA levels in peripheral blood and systemic inflammation-related parameters in tumor patients, and this correlation was more significant in patients with advanced tumors. CONCLUSIONS Changes in NETs in the peripheral blood differ between healthy controls and patients with malignant tumors. NETs may be involved in tumor-induced systemic inflammatory responses through interaction with circulating inflammatory cells, thus promoting tumor progression. NETs may be used as markers to assist in the diagnosis and progression of tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhongjun Shen
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Liyan Zhao
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Gaskell SK, Henningsen K, Young P, Gill P, Muir J, Henry R, Costa RJS. The Impact of a 24-h Low and High Fermentable Oligo- Di- Mono-Saccharides and Polyol (FODMAP) Diet on Plasma Bacterial Profile in Response to Exertional-Heat Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:3376. [PMID: 37571312 PMCID: PMC10420669 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exertional-heat stress (EHS) compromises intestinal epithelial integrity, potentially leading to the translocation of pathogenic agents into circulation. This study aimed to explore the impact of EHS on the systemic circulatory bacterial profile and to determine the impact of a short-term low (LFOD) and high (HFOD) fermentable oligo- di- mono-saccharide and polyol dietary intervention before EHS on this profile. Using a double-blind randomized cross-over design, thirteen endurance runners (n = 8 males, n = 5 females), with a history of exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms (Ex-GIS), consumed a 24 h LFOD and HFOD before 2 h running at 60% V.O2max in 35.6 °C. Blood and fecal samples were collected pre-EHS to determine plasma microbial DNA concentration, and sample bacteria and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles by fluorometer quantification, 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing, and gas chromatography, respectively. Blood samples were also collected post-EHS to determine changes in plasma bacteria. EHS increased plasma microbial DNA similarly in both FODMAP trials (0.019 ng·μL-1 to 0.082 ng·μL-1) (p < 0.01). Similar pre- to post-EHS increases in plasma Proteobacteria (+1.6%) and Firmicutes (+0.6%) phyla relative abundance were observed in both FODMAP trials. This included increases in several Proteobacteria genus (Delftia and Serratia) groups. LFOD presented higher fecal Firmicutes (74%) and lower Bacteroidota (10%) relative abundance pre-EHS, as a result of an increase in Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae family and respective genus groups, compared with HFOD (64% and 25%, respectively). Pre-EHS plasma total SCFA (p = 0.040) and acetate (p = 0.036) concentrations were higher for HFOD (188 and 178 μmol·L-1, respectively) vs. LFOD (163 and 153 μmol·L-1, respectively). Pre-EHS total fecal SCFA concentration (119 and 74 μmol·g-1; p < 0.001), including acetate (74 and 45 μmol·g-1; p = 0.001), butyrate (22 and 13 μmol·g-1; p = 0.002), and propionate (20 and 13 μmol·g-1; p = 0.011), were higher on HFOD vs LFOD, respectively. EHS causes the translocation of whole bacteria into systemic circulation and alterations to the plasma bacterial profile, but the FODMAP content of a 24 h diet beforehand does not alter this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Gaskell
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.K.G.); (K.H.); (P.Y.)
| | - Kayla Henningsen
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.K.G.); (K.H.); (P.Y.)
| | - Pascale Young
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.K.G.); (K.H.); (P.Y.)
| | - Paul Gill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (P.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (P.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Rebekah Henry
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Ricardo J. S. Costa
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; (S.K.G.); (K.H.); (P.Y.)
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P P, Keshari JR, Prakash P, Kumar M, Mandal M, Kumari R. Correlation Between Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels and Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42247. [PMID: 37605702 PMCID: PMC10440043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC), a heterogeneous disease, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels have been persistently reported to be elevated in BC patients. In the current study, we evaluated the correlation between the cfDNA levels in patients with BC and its subtypes. METHODS We recruited newly diagnosed, histopathologically confirmed BC patients aged >18 years (N=39), who did not have any previous malignancy, from the Department of Surgical Oncology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar, India. A total of 6 ml of venous blood was collected from each subject; of this, 1 ml was subjected to complete blood count (CBC), and 4 ml was transferred to a clot-activated collection vial for plasma separation and the cfDNA isolation thereof. In addition to the basic demographic history of each patient, the information on the cancer subtype was as also recorded from the medical records of each patient. All the data were analysed by GraphPad Prism Version 8 (Insightful Science, LLC, San Diego, California, United States). One-way ANOVA was used to test the difference between more than two groups. Pearson correlation was also estimated between cfDNA levels and various CBC indices. A two-tailed p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean age of included patients was 48.6±8.20 years. The mean levels of cfDNA were 2.81±2.39 ng/µL. The mean counts of various blood cell types and other indices of CBC were in the normal range. Compared to BC patients with estrogen receptors (ER+), the cfDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) and triple-negative BC (TNBC) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The elevated levels of cfDNA in patients with BC can be a prognostic marker for the disease subtype. However, more replicative studies are warranted to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpanjali P
- Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - J R Keshari
- Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Pritam Prakash
- Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Manish Kumar
- Surgical Oncology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Manish Mandal
- Surgical Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Rekha Kumari
- Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
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Sultana GNN, Akter F, Israfil SMH, Ray UC, Jahan RA, Ali MS, Din SA, Rahman S, Halim R, Alam MS. Quantitative analysis of serum cell-free DNA as a predictive and prognostic marker in breast cancer patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171412. [PMID: 37427131 PMCID: PMC10324030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction According to the GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Observatory) 2020 report, 13,028 new cases of breast cancer (19%) were diagnosed in the United States, and 6,783 of them succumbed to the disease, making it the most common cancer among women. The clinical stage at the time of diagnosis is one of the most significant survival predictors in breast cancer. With delayed illness detection comes a lower survival rate. The prognosis of breast cancer may be predicted using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a non-invasive diagnosis technique. Objective This study aimed to determine the most sensitive and effective method for detecting changes in cfDNA levels and for using cfDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of breast cancer. Methods The potential function of serum cfDNA levels as a marker for early breast cancer diagnosis was investigated using UV spectrophotometric, fluorometric, and real-time qPCR assays. Results This research suggests that the most successful way to measure the amount of cfDNA described decades ago could be used as a "liquid biopsy" to track cancer in real time. The RT-qPCR (ALU115) method produced the most statistically significant results (p=0.000). At the threshold concentration of 395.65 ng/ml of cfDNA, the ROC curve reflects the maximum AUC= 0.7607, with a sensitivity of 0.65 and specificity of 0.80. Conclusion For a preliminary assessment of total circulating cfDNA, a combination of all of the above techniques will be most efficacious. Based on our results, we conclude that the RT-qPCR technique combined with fluorometric measurement can identify a statistically significant difference in cfDNA levels between cohorts of breast cancer patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdowsi Akter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Hasan Israfil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Utpal Chandra Ray
- Genetic and Cytology Laboratory, Invent Technologies, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rumana Akther Jahan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shawkat Ali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salim Al Din
- Genetic and Cytology Laboratory, Invent Technologies, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Halim
- Genetic and Cytology Laboratory, Invent Technologies, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sahajadul Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Quraish RU, Hirahata T, Quraish AU, ul Quraish S. An Overview: Genetic Tumor Markers for Early Detection and Current Gene Therapy Strategies. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351221150772. [PMID: 36762284 PMCID: PMC9903029 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is considered a fundamental factor involved in any neoplastic disease. Consequently, the genetically unstable cells contribute to intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity of cancer. These genetic alterations can be detected by several diagnostic techniques of molecular biology and the detection of alteration in genomic integrity may serve as reliable genetic molecular markers for the early detection of cancer or cancer-related abnormal changes in the body cells. These genetic molecular markers can detect cancer earlier than any other method of cancer diagnosis, once a tumor is diagnosed, then replacement or therapeutic manipulation of these cancer-related abnormal genetic changes can be possible, which leads toward effective and target-specific cancer treatment and in many cases, personalized treatment of cancer could be performed without the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we describe how these genetic molecular markers can be detected and the possible ways for the application of this gene diagnosis for gene therapy that can attack cancerous cells, directly or indirectly, which lead to overall improved management and quality of life for a cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuyuki Hirahata
- Tetsuyuki Hirahata, Hirahata Gene Therapy Laboratory, HIC Clinic #1105, Itocia Office Tower 11F, 2-7-1, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan.
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Young P, Russo I, Gill P, Muir J, Henry R, Davidson Z, Costa RJS. Reliability of pathophysiological markers reflective of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) in response to 2-h high-intensity interval exercise: A comprehensive methodological efficacy exploration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1063335. [PMID: 36895638 PMCID: PMC9989174 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1063335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) biomarkers, and assess the association of pre-exercise short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration with these biomarkers in response to prolonged strenuous exercise. Thirty-four participants completed 2 h of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on two separate occasions with at least 5-days washout. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise, and analysed for biomarkers associated with EIGS [i.e., cortisol, intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP), sCD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), leukocyte counts, in-vitro neutrophil function, and systemic inflammatory cytokine profile]. Fecal samples were collected pre-exercise on both occasions. In plasma and fecal samples, bacterial DNA concentration was determined by fluorometer quantification, microbial taxonomy by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and SCFA concentration by gas-chromatography. In response to exercise, 2 h of HIIT modestly perturbed biomarkers indicative of EIGS, including inducing bacteremia (i.e., quantity and diversity). Reliability analysis using comparative tests, Cohen's d, two-tailed correlation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of resting biomarkers presented good-to-excellent for IL-1ra (r = 0.710, ICC = 0.92), IL-10 (r = 0.665, ICC = 0.73), cortisol (r = 0.870, ICC = 0.87), and LBP (r = 0.813, ICC = 0.76); moderate for total (r = 0.839, ICC = 0.44) and per cell (r = 0.749, ICC = 0.54) bacterially-stimulated elastase release, IL-1β (r = 0.625, ICC = 0.64), TNF-α (r = 0.523, ICC = 0.56), I-FABP (r = 0.411, ICC = 0.21), and sCD14 (r = 0.409, ICC = 0.38), plus fecal bacterial α-diversity; and poor for leukocyte (r = 0.327, ICC = 0.33) and neutrophil (r = 0.352, ICC = 0.32) counts. In addition, a medium negative correlation was observed between plasma butyrate and I-FABP (r = -0.390). The current data suggest a suite of biomarkers should be used to determine the incidence and severity of EIGS. Moreover, determination of plasma and/or fecal SCFA may provide some insight into the mechanistic aspects of EIGS instigation and magnitude in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Young
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebekah Henry
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe Davidson
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Ricardo J S Costa
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
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Gezer U, Bronkhorst AJ, Holdenrieder S. The Clinical Utility of Droplet Digital PCR for Profiling Circulating Tumor DNA in Breast Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123042. [PMID: 36553049 PMCID: PMC9776872 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. It is a malignant and heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular subtypes, which has prognostic and predictive implications. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free fragmented tumor-derived DNA in blood plasma, is an invaluable source of specific cancer-associated mutations and holds great promise for the development of minimally invasive diagnostic tests. Furthermore, serial monitoring of ctDNA over the course of systemic and targeted therapies not only allows unparalleled efficacy assessments but also enables the identification of patients who are at risk of progression or recurrence. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a powerful technique for the detection and monitoring of ctDNA. Due to its relatively high accuracy, sensitivity, reproducibility, and capacity for absolute quantification, it is increasingly used as a tool for managing cancer patients through liquid biopsies. In this review paper, we gauge the clinical utility of ddPCR as a technique for mutational profiling in breast cancer patients and focus on HER2, PIK3CA, ESR1, and TP53, which represent the most frequently mutated genes in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Gezer
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Basic Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Abel J. Bronkhorst
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center Munich Technical University Munich, 80636 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center Munich Technical University Munich, 80636 München, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Guo ZW, Liu Q, Yang X, Cai GX, Han BW, Huang LM, Li CX, Liang ZK, Zhai XM, Lin L, Li K, Zhang M, Liu TC, Pan RL, Wu YS, Yang XX. Noninvasive prediction of axillary lymph node status in breast cancer using promoter profiling of circulating cell-free DNA. J Transl Med 2022; 20:557. [PMID: 36463222 PMCID: PMC9719247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of breast cancer. The accurate evaluation of lymph node status is useful to predict the outcomes of patients and guide the choice of cancer treatment. However, there is still lack of a low-cost non-invasive method to assess the status of axillary lymph node (ALN). Gene expression signature has been used to assess lymph node metastasis status of breast cancer. In addition, nucleosome footprint of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) carries gene expression information of its original tissues, so it may be used to evaluate the axillary lymph node status in breast cancer. METHODS In this study, we found that the cfDNA nucleosome footprints between the ALN-positive patients and ALN-negative patients showed different patterns by implementing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to detect 15 ALN-positive and 15 ALN-negative patients. In order to further evaluate its potential for assessing ALN status, we developed a classifier with multiple machine learning models by using 330 WGS data of cfDNA from 162 ALN-positive and 168 ALN-negative samples to distinguish these two types of patients. RESULTS We found that the promoter profiling between the ALN-positive patients and ALN-negative patients showed distinct patterns. In addition, we observed 1071 genes with differential promoter coverage and their functions were closely related to tumorigenesis. We found that the predictive classifier based on promoter profiling with a support vector machine model, named PPCNM, produced the largest area under the curve of 0.897 (95% confidence interval 0.86-0.93). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that promoter profiling can be used to distinguish ALN-positive patients from ALN-negative patients, which may be helpful to guide the choice of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Guo
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.413432.30000 0004 1798 5993Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- grid.452881.20000 0004 0604 5998Department of Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81 N. North Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Geng-Xi Cai
- grid.452881.20000 0004 0604 5998Department of Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81 N. North Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Bo-Wei Han
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Li-Min Huang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Chun-Xi Li
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zhi-Kun Liang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xiang-Ming Zhai
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Li Lin
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Kun Li
- Guangzhou XGene Co., Ltd. High-Tech Development Zone, Guangzhou, 510665 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Tian-Cai Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Rui-lin Pan
- grid.452881.20000 0004 0604 5998Department of Breast Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, 81 N. North Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, China
| | - Ying-Song Wu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xue-Xi Yang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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11
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Assessment of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in perioperative period can predict risk of recurrence in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Surg Oncol 2022; 42:101753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Cucchiara F, Scarpitta R, Crucitta S, Scatena C, Arici R, Naccarato AG, Fogli S, Danesi R, Del Re M. Diagnosis and treatment monitoring in breast cancer: how liquid biopsy can support patient management. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:119-134. [PMID: 35006002 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging and tissue biopsies represent the current gold standard for breast cancer diagnosis and patient management. However, these practices are time-consuming, expensive and require invasive procedures. Moreover, tissue biopsies do not capture spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity. Conversely, liquid biopsy, which includes circulating tumor cells, circulating free nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, is minimally invasive, easy to perform and can be repeated during a patient's follow-up. Increasing evidence also suggests that liquid biopsy can be used to efficiently screen and diagnose tumors at an early stage, and to monitor changes in the tumor molecular profile. In the present review, clinical applications and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cucchiara
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Roberta Arici
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Medicine & Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Sant M, Bernat-Peguera A, Felip E, Margelí M. Role of ctDNA in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:310. [PMID: 35053474 PMCID: PMC8773730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently classified by immunohistochemistry. However, technological advances in the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have made new options available for diagnosis, classification, biological knowledge, and treatment selection. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and ctDNA can accurately reflect this heterogeneity, allowing us to detect, monitor, and understand the evolution of the disease. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of circulating DNA than healthy subjects, and ctDNA can be used for different objectives at different timepoints of the disease, ranging from screening and early detection to monitoring for resistance mutations in advanced disease. In early breast cancer, ctDNA clearance has been associated with higher rates of complete pathological response after neoadjuvant treatment and with fewer recurrences after radical treatments. In metastatic disease, ctDNA can help select the optimal sequencing of treatments. In the future, thanks to new bioinformatics tools, the use of ctDNA in breast cancer will become more frequent, enhancing our knowledge of the biology of tumors. Moreover, deep learning algorithms may also be able to predict breast cancer evolution or treatment sensitivity. In the coming years, continued research and the improvement of liquid biopsy techniques will be key to the implementation of ctDNA analysis in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sant
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGTiP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Adrià Bernat-Peguera
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eudald Felip
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGTiP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Mireia Margelí
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HGTiP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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14
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Rykov SV, Filippova EA, Loginov VI, Braga EA. Gene Methylation in Circulating Cell-Free DNA from the Blood Plasma as Prognostic and Predictive Factor in Breast Cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Davidson BA, Croessmann S, Park BH. The breast is yet to come: current and future utility of circulating tumour DNA in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:780-788. [PMID: 34040179 PMCID: PMC8438047 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomic strategies and the development of targeted therapies have enabled precision medicine to revolutionise the field of oncology. Precision medicine uses patient-specific genetic and molecular information, traditionally obtained from tumour biopsy samples, to classify tumours and treat them accordingly. However, biopsy samples often fail to provide complete tumour profiling, and the technique is expensive and, of course, relatively invasive. Advances in genomic techniques have led to improvements in the isolation and detection of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), a component of a peripheral blood draw/liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive method to gather genetic information that is representative of a global snapshot of both primary and metastatic sites and can thereby provide invaluable information for potential targeted therapies and methods for tumour surveillance. However, a lack of prospective clinical trials showing direct patient benefit has limited the implementation of liquid biopsies in standard clinical applications. Here, we review the potential of ctDNA obtained by liquid biopsy to revolutionise personalised medicine and discuss current applications of ctDNA both at the benchtop and bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Davidson
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Ben H. Park
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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16
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Cristinziano L, Modestino L, Antonelli A, Marone G, Simon HU, Varricchi G, Galdiero MR. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 79:91-104. [PMID: 34280576 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beyond their well-known functions in the acute phases of the immune response, neutrophils play important roles in the various phases of tumor initiation and progression, through the release of their stored or newly synthesized mediators. In addition to reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, granule proteins and lipid mediators, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can also be released upon neutrophil activation. NET formation can be achieved through a cell-death process or in association with the release of mitochondrial DNA from viable neutrophils. NETs are described as extracellular fibers of DNA and decorating proteins responsible for trapping and killing extracellular pathogens, playing a protective role in the antimicrobial defense. There is increasing evidence, however, that NETs play multiple roles in the scenario of cancer-related inflammation. For instance, NETs directly or indirectly promote tumor growth and progression, fostering tumor spread at distant sites and shielding cancer cells thus preventing the effects of cytotoxic lymphocytes. NETs can also promote tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated thrombosis. On the other hand, there is some evidence that NETs may play anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic roles. In this review, we focus on the main mechanisms underlying the emerging effects of NETs in cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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17
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Volkov DV, Tetz GV, Rubtsov YP, Stepanov AV, Gabibov AG. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): Opportunities for Targeted Therapy. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:15-23. [PMID: 34707894 PMCID: PMC8526190 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor therapy, including adoptive immunotherapy, inevitably faces powerful counteraction from advanced cancer. If hematological malignancies are currently amenable to therapy with CAR-T lymphocytes (T-cells modified by the chimeric antigen receptor), solid tumors, unfortunately, show a significantly higher degree of resistance to this type of therapy. As recent studies show, the leading role in the escape of solid tumors from the cytotoxic activity of immune cells belongs to the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME consists of several types of cells, including neutrophils, the most numerous cells of the immune system. Recent studies show that the development of the tumor and its ability to metastasize directly affect the extracellular traps of neutrophils (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs) formed as a result of the response to tumor stimuli. In addition, the nuclear DNA of neutrophils - the main component of NETs - erects a spatial barrier to the interaction of CAR-T with tumor cells. Previous studies have demonstrated the promising potential of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in the destruction of NETs. In this regard, the use of eukaryotic deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is promising in the effort to increase the efficiency of CAR-T by reducing the NETs influence in TME. We will examine the role of NETs in TME and the various approaches in the effort to reduce the effect of NETs on a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Volkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - G. V. Tetz
- Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St Petersburg, 197022 Russia
| | - Y. P. Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. V. Stepanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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18
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Kim JJ, Park K, Han YR, Kim SH, Oh SB, Oh SY, Hong YJ, Yun MS. Verification of performance of a direct fluorescent assay for cell-free DNA quantification, stability according to pre-analytical storage conditions, and the effect of freeze-thawing. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:68. [PMID: 34257964 PMCID: PMC8243239 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple fluorescence-based cell-free DNA (CFD) assay has been previously developed that can directly measure nucleic acids without prior DNA extraction and amplification. However, studies on fluorescence-based CFD are lacking. In particular, there is no known information regarding the stability with regard to pre-analytical storage conditions in relation to time and temperature, or on the influence of freeze-thawing. Plasma was directly assayed to measure CFD using PicoGreen™ reagent. Standard linearity and accuracy were confirmed using salmon sperm DNA. Whole blood was left at room temperature (RT) and at 4˚C, and then plasma was separated. The CFD was also measured using thawed plasma after 1 week of freezing. As a correlation with a sperm DNA concentration, CFD demonstrated linearity over a wide range of concentrations, with a 0.998 correlation coefficient. The CFD level showed a change of up to 2.5 µg/ml according to pre-analytical storage time, and the changes were not consistent over time. The CFD values at RT after 1 h were similar to the baseline values, and the relative standard deviation was lowest under this condition. The CFD values between 4˚C and RT were similar over all time periods assessed. After freeze-thawing, the change in CFD value was reduced compared to that before freezing. The present study showed that CFD measurements using plasma processed within 1 h were optimal. Additionally, the effects of substantial changes according to storage conditions were reduced after freeze-thawing, and thus studies using stored samples is viable and relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Kim
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonoh Park
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ran Han
- Bionoxx Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Hyun Kim
- Bionoxx Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bo Oh
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Oh
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul Special City, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Yun
- Division of Biostatistics, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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19
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Guo Q, Hua Y. The assessment of circulating cell-free DNA as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative ssays. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1479-1500. [PMID: 33951758 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This updated meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in breast cancer (BC). CONTENT An extensive systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct databases to retrieve all related literature. Various diagnostic estimates, including sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), likelihood ratios (LRs), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve, were also calculated using bivariate linear mixed models. SUMMARY In this meta-analysis, 57 unique articles (130 assays) on 4246 BC patients and 2,952 controls, were enrolled. For quantitative approaches, pooled SE, SP, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were obtained as 0.80, 0.88, 6.7, 0.23, 29, and 0.91, respectively. Moreover, for qualitative approaches, pooled SE and SP for diagnostic performance were obtained as 0.36 and 0.98, respectively. In addition, PLR was 14.9 and NLR was 0.66. As well, the combined DOR was 23, and the AUC was 0.79. OUTLOOK Regardless of promising SE and SP, analysis of LRs suggested that quantitative assays are not robust enough neither for BC confirmation nor for its exclusion. On the other hand, qualitative assays showed satisfying performance only for confirming the diagnosis of BC, but not for its exclusion. Furthermore, qualitative cfDNA assays showed a better diagnostic performance in patients at the advanced stage of cancer, which represented no remarkable clinical significance as a biomarker for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital), Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital), Wuxi, P.R. China
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20
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Quantification of Circulating Cell Free Mitochondrial DNA in Extracellular Vesicles with PicoGreen™ in Liquid Biopsies: Fast Assessment of Disease/Trauma Severity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040819. [PMID: 33917426 PMCID: PMC8067453 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of circulating cell free DNA (ccf-DNA) is an emerging diagnostic tool for the detection and monitoring of tissue injury, disease progression, and potential treatment effects. Currently, most of ccf-DNA in tissue and liquid biopsies is analysed with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) that is primer- and template-specific, labour intensive and cost-inefficient. In this report we directly compare the amounts of ccf-DNA in serum of healthy volunteers, and subjects presenting with various stages of lung adenocarcinoma, and survivors of traumatic brain injury using qPCR and quantitative PicoGreen™ fluorescence assay. A significant increase of ccf-DNA in lung adenocarcinoma and traumatic brain injury patients, in comparison to the group of healthy human subjects, was found using both analytical methods. However, the direct correlation between PicoGreen™ fluorescence and qPCR was found only when mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-specific primers were used. Further analysis of the location of ccf-DNA indicated that the majority of DNA is located within lumen of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and is easily detected with mtDNA-specific primers. We have concluded that due to the presence of active DNases in the blood, the analysis of DNA within EVs has the potential of providing rapid diagnostic outcomes. Moreover, we speculate that accurate and rapid quantification of ccf-DNA with PicoGreen™ fluorescent probe used as a point of care approach could facilitate immediate assessment and treatment of critically ill patients.
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21
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Jian W, Huanqiu C, Chao Y. Utilizing circulating free DNA in diagnosing early gastric cancer in a patient with situs inversus totalis: A case report and literature review. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jian
- Department of General Surgery Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Chen Huanqiu
- Department of General Surgery Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yue Chao
- Department of General Surgery Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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22
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Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Breast Cancer: Searching for Hidden Information towards Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040728. [PMID: 33578793 PMCID: PMC7916622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our research focuses in the elucidation of the nature of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) as a biological entity and its exploitation as a liquid biopsy biomaterial. Working on breast cancer, it became clear that although a promising biosource, its clinical exploitation is burdened mainly by gaps in knowledge about its biology and specific characteristics. The current review covers multiple aspects of ccfDNA in breast cancer. We cover key issues such as quantity, integrity, releasing structures, methylation specific changes, release mechanisms, biological role. Machine learning approaches for analyzing ccfDNA-generated data to produce classifiers for clinical use are also discussed. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death between women. Mortality is significantly raised due to drug resistance and metastasis, while personalized treatment options are obstructed by the limitations of conventional biopsy follow-up. Lately, research is focusing on circulating biomarkers as minimally invasive choices for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a promising liquid biopsy biomaterial of great potential as it is thought to mirror the tumor’s lifespan; however, its clinical exploitation is burdened mainly by gaps in knowledge of its biology and specific characteristics. The current review aims to gather latest findings about the nature of ccfDNA and its multiple molecular and biological characteristics in breast cancer, covering basic and translational research and giving insights about its validity in a clinical setting.
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Tabor S, Szostakowska-Rodzos M, Fabisiewicz A, Grzybowska EA. How to Predict Metastasis in Luminal Breast Cancer? Current Solutions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218415. [PMID: 33182512 PMCID: PMC7665153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer mortality. Luminal breast cancer represents the majority of breast cancer cases and, despite relatively good prognosis, its heterogeneity creates problems with a proper stratification of patients and correct identification of the group with a high risk of metastatic relapse. Current prognostic tools are based on the analysis of the primary tumor and, despite their undisputed power of prediction, they might be insufficient to foresee the relapse in an accurate and precise manner, especially if the relapse occurs after a long period of dormancy, which is very common in luminal breast cancer. New approaches tend to rely on body fluid analyses, which have the advantage of being non-invasive and versatile and may be repeated and used for monitoring the disease in the long run. In this review we describe the current, newly-developed, and only-just-discovered methods which are or may become useful in the assessment of the probability of the relapse.
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Liu Y, Du Q, Sun D, Han R, Teng M, Chen S, You H, Dong Y. Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in monitoring breast cancer drug resistance. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2863-2878. [PMID: 32976028 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Unfortunately, treatments often fail because of the development of drug resistance, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is free DNA released into the blood by necrosis, apoptosis or direct secretion by tumor cells. In contrast to repeated, highly invasive tumor biopsies, ctDNA reflects all molecular alterations of tumors dynamically and captures both spatial and temporal tumor heterogeneity. Highly sensitive technologies, including personalized digital PCR and deep sequencing, make it possible to monitor response to therapies, predict drug resistance and tailor treatment regimens by identifying the genomic alteration profile of ctDNA, thereby achieving precision medicine. This review focuses on the current status of ctDNA biology, the technologies used to detect ctDNA and the potential clinical applications of identifying drug resistance mechanisms by detecting tumor-specific genomic alterations in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Ruiying Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Haisheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
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Cell-free DNA concentration in patients with clinical or mammographic suspicion of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14601. [PMID: 32884019 PMCID: PMC7471679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammography has a crucial role in the detection of breast cancer (BC), yet it is not limitation-free. We hypothesized that the combination of mammography and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels may better discriminate patients with cancer. This prospective study included 259 participants suspected with BC before biopsy. Blood samples were taken before biopsy and from some patients during and at the end of treatment. cfDNA blood levels were measured using our simple fluorescent assay. The primary outcome was the pathologic diagnosis of BC, and the secondary aims were to correlate cfDNA to severity, response to treatments, and outcome. Median cfDNA blood levels were similar in patients with positive and negative biopsy: 577 vs. 564 ng/ml (p = 0.98). A significant decrease in cfDNA blood level was noted after the following treatments: surgery, surgery and radiation, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery, and at the end of all treatments. To conclude, the cfDNA level could not be used in suspected patients to discriminate BC. Reduction of tumor burden by surgery and chemotherapy is associated with reduction of cfDNA levels. In a minority of patients, an increase in post-treatment cfDNA blood level may indicate the presence of a residual tumor and higher risk. Further outcome assessment for a longer period is suggested.
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Cayrefourcq L, Alix-Panabières C. Clinical relevance of liquid biopsy in breast cancer: update in 2020. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:913-919. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1816828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Wang J, Huang A, Wang YP, Yin Y, Fu PY, Zhang X, Zhou J. Circulating tumor DNA correlates with microvascular invasion and predicts tumor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:237. [PMID: 32309384 PMCID: PMC7154404 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the feasibility of predicting tumor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after curative hepatectomy by detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) through droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Methods HCC patients receiving surgical treatment were enrolled and peripheral blood samples before and after hepatectomy were collected. Four hotspot mutants, TP53-rs28934571 (c.747G>T), TRET-rs1242535815 (c.1-124C>T), CTNNB1-rs121913412 (c.121A>G) and CTNNB1-rs121913407 (c.133T>C) were selected to detect ctDNA and the mutant allele frequency (MAF) was calculated accordingly. The matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for Sanger sequencing. The clinicopathologic information of the patients was retrospectively analyzed and the predictive abilities for postoperative recurrence of different clinicopathologic parameters and ctDNA were compared. Results Eighty-one patients were enrolled and 70.4% (57/81) of them had detectable ctDNA before hepatectomy. Positive preoperative ctDNA status was related to larger tumor size (P=0.001), multiple tumor lesions (P=0.001), microvascular invasion (MVI) (P<0.001), advanced BCLC stages (P<0.001) and shorter disease free survival (DFS) (P<<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P<<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that detectable ctDNA was the independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves proved that ctDNA possessed the second largest area under the curve (AUC) in foretelling postoperative recurrence right after BCLC stage. For patients after surgery, the alterations of MAF were also correlated to postsurgical recurrence. Patients with increased MAF had more incidences of MVI (P=0.016) and recurrence (P<0.001). At the same time, Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significant shorter DFS and OS in the patients with increased MAF compared to the patients with decreased MAF (P<0.001 and P=0.0045, respectively) and ROC curves showed MAF to possess the greatest AUC among all the indices for postoperative recurrence. Conclusions Digital droplets PCR assessment of specific gene combination through ctDNA possesses potential prognostic value in HCC patients undergoing surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ao Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Peng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei-Yao Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Snoderly HT, Boone BA, Bennewitz MF. Neutrophil extracellular traps in breast cancer and beyond: current perspectives on NET stimuli, thrombosis and metastasis, and clinical utility for diagnosis and treatment. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:145. [PMID: 31852512 PMCID: PMC6921561 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), known as NETosis, was first observed as a novel immune response to bacterial infection, but has since been found to occur abnormally in a variety of other inflammatory disease states including cancer. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women. In breast cancer, NETosis has been linked to increased disease progression, metastasis, and complications such as venous thromboembolism. NET-targeted therapies have shown success in preclinical cancer models and may prove valuable clinical targets in slowing or halting tumor progression in breast cancer patients. We will briefly outline the mechanisms by which NETs may form in the tumor microenvironment and circulation, including the crosstalk between neutrophils, tumor cells, endothelial cells, and platelets as well as the role of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles in modulating neutrophil behavior and NET extrusion. The prognostic implications of cancer-associated NETosis will be explored in addition to development of novel therapeutics aimed at targeting NET interactions to improve outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter T Snoderly
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, 1306 Evansdale Drive, ESB 521, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Brian A Boone
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Margaret F Bennewitz
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, 1306 Evansdale Drive, ESB 521, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Progress in quantitative technique of circulating cell free DNA and its role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Genet 2019; 239:75-84. [PMID: 31639530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The interest in the potential application value of circulating cell free DNA (ccfDNA) has increased rapidly in recent years, as numerous researchers have demonstrated that the change of its level in the blood is associated with many diseases. Its potential role in cancer management is of particular concern. In comparison with traditional invasive tissue biopsy, quantitative analysis of ccfDNA level for the detection of cancer is advantageous due to the non-invasiveness of blood collection. Moreover, its clinical significance in prognosis prediction and dynamic monitoring of disease progression in cancer patients is equally worthy of attention. At the same time, quantitative detection of ccfDNA is being improved to pursue higher sensitivity due to its low concentration in the blood sample. In this review, we will summarize the progress in quantitative technology of ccfDNA and describe the possible relationship between ccfDNA level and cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Temilola DO, Wium M, Coulidiati TH, Adeola HA, Carbone GM, Catapano CV, Zerbini LF. The Prospect and Challenges to the Flow of Liquid Biopsy in Africa. Cells 2019; 8:E862. [PMID: 31404988 PMCID: PMC6721679 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy technologies have the potential to transform cancer patient management as it offers non-invasive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment responses. The use of liquid biopsy for non-invasive cancer diagnosis can have pivotal importance for the African continent where access to medical infrastructures is limited, as it eliminates the need for surgical biopsies. To apply liquid biopsy technologies in the African setting, the influence of environmental and population genetic factors must be known. In this review, we discuss the use of circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, protein, and other biomolecules in liquid biopsy technology for cancer management with special focus on African studies. We discussed the prospect, barriers, and other aspects that pose challenges to the use of liquid biopsy in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Tangbadioa Herve Coulidiati
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Training and Research unit in Sciences and Technology, University Norbert Zongo, P.O. Box 376, Koudougou 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Giuseppina Maria Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Vittorio Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Fernando Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Role of Liquid Biopsy in Clinical Decision-Making for Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-019-0308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yu D, Tong Y, Guo X, Feng L, Jiang Z, Ying S, Jia J, Fang Y, Yu M, Xia H, Shi L, Lou J. Diagnostic Value of Concentration of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:95. [PMID: 30881916 PMCID: PMC6405437 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic value of the concentration of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for breast cancer has generated inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the first diagnostic value of the concentration of cfDNA for breast cancer by meta-analysis. Studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science before June 2018. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and the area under curve (AUC) were used to summarize overall diagnostic performance. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled statistics. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were carried out to detect the source of heterogeneity. A total of 13 studies were identified with 1,087 breast cancer patients and 720 healthy controls. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of concentration of cfDNA for breast cancer were 87% (95% CI, 73–94%) and 87% (95% CI, 79–93%), respectively. The pooled DOR was 32.93 (95% CI, 13.52–80.19) and the SROC curve revealed an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91–0.95). Meta-regression analysis showed that no covariate had a significant correlation with relative DOR (RDOR). Publication bias was not detected in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis indicates that the concentration of cfDNA has potential first diagnostic value for breast cancer and plasma may be a better source of cfDNA for detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yu
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Outpatient Office, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospiital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Guo
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Jiang
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Ying
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Jia
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailing Xia
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, China
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Circulating cell-free DNA in breast cancer: size profiling, levels, and methylation patterns lead to prognostic and predictive classifiers. Oncogene 2019; 38:3387-3401. [PMID: 30643192 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a suggested biosource of valuable clinical information for cancer, meeting the need for a minimally-invasive advancement in the route of precision medicine. In this paper, we evaluated the prognostic and predictive potential of ccfDNA parameters in early and advanced breast cancer. Groups consisted of 150 and 16 breast cancer patients under adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy respectively, 34 patients with metastatic disease and 35 healthy volunteers. Direct quantification of ccfDNA in plasma revealed elevated concentrations correlated to the incidence of death, shorter PFS, and non-response to pharmacotherapy in the metastatic but not in the other groups. The methylation status of a panel of cancer-related genes chosen based on previous expression and epigenetic data (KLK10, SOX17, WNT5A, MSH2, GATA3) was assessed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. All but the GATA3 gene was more frequently methylated in all the patient groups than in healthy individuals (all p < 0.05). The methylation of WNT5A was statistically significantly correlated to greater tumor size and poor prognosis characteristics and in advanced stage disease with shorter OS. In the metastatic group, also SOX17 methylation was significantly correlated to the incidence of death, shorter PFS, and OS. KLK10 methylation was significantly correlated to unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and relapse, whereas in the adjuvant group to shorter DFI. Methylation of at least 3 or 4 genes was significantly correlated to shorter OS and no pharmacotherapy response, respectively. Classification analysis by a fully automated, machine learning software produced a single-parametric linear model using ccfDNA plasma concentration values, with great discriminating power to predict response to chemotherapy (AUC 0.803, 95% CI [0.606, 1.000]) in the metastatic group. Two more multi-parametric signatures were produced for the metastatic group, predicting survival and disease outcome. Finally, a multiple logistic regression model was constructed, discriminating between patient groups and healthy individuals. Overall, ccfDNA emerged as a highly potent predictive classifier in metastatic breast cancer. Upon prospective clinical evaluation, all the signatures produced could aid accurate prognosis.
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Rohanizadegan M. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Cancer Genet 2018; 228-229:159-168. [PMID: 29572011 PMCID: PMC6108954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the advances in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, a large number of patients suffer from late diagnosis or recurrence of their disease. Current available imaging modalities do not reveal micrometastasis and tumor biopsy is an invasive method to detect early stage or recurrent cancer, signifying the need for an inexpensive, non-invasive diagnostic modality. Cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been tried for early detection and targeted therapy of breast cancer, but its diagnostic and prognostic utility is still under investigation. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the use of ctDNA specifically in breast cancer, including detection methods, diagnostic accuracy, role in genetics and epigenetics evaluation of the tumor, and comparison with other biomarkers. Current evidence suggests that increasing levels of ctDNA in breast cancer can be of significant diagnostic value for early detection of breast cancer although the sensitivity and specificity of the methods is still suboptimal. Additionally, ctDNA allows for characterizing the tumor in a non-invasive way and monitor the response to therapy, although discordance of ctDNA results with direct biopsy (i.e. due to tumor heterogeneity) is still considered a notable limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Rohanizadegan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lee JH, Jeong H, Choi JW, Oh HE, Kim YS. Liquid biopsy prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis, cancer recurrence, and patient survival in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12862. [PMID: 30334995 PMCID: PMC6211877 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsies using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have been developed for early cancer detection and patient monitoring. To investigate the clinical usefulness of ctDNA aberrations and cfDNA levels in patients with breast cancer (BC), we conducted a meta-analysis of 69 published studies on 5736 patients with BC. METHODS The relevant publications were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases. The effect sizes of outcome parameters were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS The ctDNA mutation rates of TP53, PIK3CA, and ESR1 were approximately 38%, 27%, and 32%, respectively. High levels of cfDNA were associated with BCs rather than with healthy controls. However, these detection rates were not satisfactory for BC screening. Although the precise mechanisms have been unknown, high cfDNA levels were significantly associated with axillary lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.148, P = .030). The ctDNA mutations were significantly associated with cancer recurrence (OR = 3.793, P < .001), short disease-free survival (univariate hazard ratio [HR] = 5.180, P = .026; multivariate HR = 3.605, P = .001), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.311, P = .013) rates, and poor overall survival outcomes (HR = 2.425, P = .007). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates that ctDNA mutation status predicts disease recurrence and unfavorable survival outcomes, while cfDNA levels can be predictive of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with BC.
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Maternal total cell-free DNA in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: Evidence of differences in maternal response to abnormal implantation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200360. [PMID: 30001403 PMCID: PMC6042756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are obstetrical syndromes associated with abnormal placental implantation and changes in the activation status of maternal leukocytes. This study is aimed to determine by a simple, rapid fluorescent assay the changes in maternal serum total cell-free DNA (t-cfDNA) concentrations in women with preeclampsia and those with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Study design A cross-sectional study was conducted measuring maternal serum t-cfDNA concentrations. Women were classified into the following groups: 1) patients with preeclampsia (n = 21); 2) FGR-estimated fetal weight below the 10thpercentile (n = 28); and 3) normal pregnancy (n = 39). Serum samples were directly assayed for t-cfDNA using a rapid fluorescent SYBR Gold assay. Elevated maternal serum t-cfDNA concentrations were defined as a cutoff>850ng/ml. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis. Results Women with preeclampsia had a higher median maternal serum concentration (802 ng/ml, 400–2272 ng/ml) than women with a normal pregnancy (499 ng/ml, 0–1892 ng/ml, p = 0.004) and those with FGR (484 ng/ml, 72–2187 ng/ml, p = 0.012). Moreover, even patients with FGR <5th percentile and abnormal Doppler had a lower median maternal serum t-cfDNA than those with preeclampsia (median 487 ng/ml, 144–1971 ng/ml, p = 0.022). The median concentration of t-cfDNA did not differ between women with a normal pregnancy and those with FGR (p = 0.54), as well as those with fetuses <5th percentile and abnormal Doppler (p = 0.7). Women with preeclampsia had a higher proportion of elevated t-cfDNA than those with a normal pregnancy (p = 0.015) and patients with FGR (p = 0.025). Conclusions Preeclampsia is associated with higher maternal serum t-cfDNA concentration than normal pregnancy or FGR. This observation may reflect an increased systemic activation of the maternal inflammation, rather than placental; this assumption is supported by the fact that we did not observe a significant change in the maternal serum t-cfDNA in patients with placental-mediated FGR.
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Value of circulating cell-free DNA analysis as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26625-26636. [PMID: 28460452 PMCID: PMC5432284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of cell free DNA (cfDNA) for breast cancer. RESULTS Among 308 candidate articles, 25 with relevant diagnostic screening qualified for final analysis. The mean sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of SROC plots for 24 studies that distinguished breast cancer patients from healthy controls were 0.70, 0.87, and 0.9314, yielding a DOR of 32.31. When analyzed in subgroups, the 14 quantitative studies produced sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and a DOR of 0.78, 0.83, 0.9116, and 24.40. The 10 qualitative studies produced 0.50, 0.98, 0.9919, and 68.45. For 8 studies that distinguished malignant breast cancer from benign diseases, the specificity, sensitivity, AUC and DOR were 0.75, 0.79, 0.8213, and 9.49. No covariate factors had a significant correlation with relative DOR. Deek's funnel plots indicated an absence of publication bias. MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases were searched for studies involving the use of cfDNA to diagnose breast cancer. The studies were analyzed to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC). Covariates were evaluated for effect on relative DOR. Deek's Funnel plots were generated to measure publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests a promising diagnostic potential of using cfDNA for breast cancer screening, but this diagnostic method is not yet independently sufficient. Further work refining qualitative cfDNA assays will improve the correct diagnosis of breast cancers.
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Park K, Woo M, Kim JE, Ahn JH, Jung KH, Roh J, Gong G, Kim SB. Efficacy of assessing circulating cell-free DNA using a simple fluorescence assay in patients with triple-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a prospective observational study. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3875-3886. [PMID: 29423090 PMCID: PMC5790507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess cell-free DNA (CFD) by a fluorescence assay as a biomarker for early prediction of a pathologic complete response (pCR) and relapse in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with clinical stage II or III TNBC scheduled for neoadjuvant chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent four cycles of Adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide (AC), followed by four cycles of cisplatin or docetaxel chemotherapy and surgery. Blood samples were obtained before the initial chemotherapy (baseline-CFD) and after four AC neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles (AC-CFD) to evaluate CFD levels. In total, 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The mean baseline-CFD and AC-CFD levels were 239 ± 68 and 210 ± 66 ng/mL, respectively, with a significant decline in the CFD levels after AC neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.001). In the 33.6-month median follow-up, 18 cases of relapse were reported. A ROC curve analysis of baseline-CFD was performed to determine the predictive value for relapse, and an area under the curve of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.46–0.78) at 264 ng/mL was obtained. Patients with baseline-CFD >264 ng/mL were at a higher risk of relapse than those with baseline-CFD ≤264 ng/mL (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.11–7.24; P = 0.029). Multivariate analysis established baseline-CFD as an independent predicting factor for relapse (HR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.32–10.53; P = 0.013). In conclusion, baseline-CFD measured by a fluorescence assay might be a potential biomarker to predict relapse, which could be useful for risk stratification of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwonoh Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Woo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Ahn
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hae Jung
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Roh
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cicchillitti L, Corrado G, De Angeli M, Mancini E, Baiocco E, Patrizi L, Zampa A, Merola R, Martayan A, Conti L, Piaggio G, Vizza E. Circulating cell-free DNA content as blood based biomarker in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115230-115243. [PMID: 29383155 PMCID: PMC5777767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels are related to cancer development and aggressiveness. Up to now, very few studies have been performed for evaluating cfDNA content in endometrial cancer (EC). Methods First, we measured cfDNA release in blood serum of EC cancer patients collected before surgery and before the beginning of any treatment by SYBR Gold assay and correlated it with tumor aggressiveness. We also assessed the relative mitochondrial cell-free DNA (cfmtDNA) content by qRT-PCR. Next, we correlated cfDNA levels with BMI, age, hypertension and inflammation markers. Results CfDNA levels are higher in G2 and G3 compared with G1 EC sera. A significant modulation of cfDNA content was detected in sera from patients with BMI>30 compared with those with BMI<30. We observed a further and significant alteration in cfDNA level in hypertensive patients with G2-G3, but not in G1 EC. Analysis of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratios suggests a contribution of the host response in the altered cfDNA levels in EC. Conclusions Our data indicate that assessment of total and mitochondrial cfDNA levels in blood sera and the relative NLR and MLR in blood obtained from preoperative patients may help clinical management and prognosis in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cicchillitti
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina De Angeli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mancini
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Baiocco
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lodovico Patrizi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ashanti Zampa
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Merola
- Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Aline Martayan
- Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Area of Translational Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Wang H, Liu Z, Xie J, Wang Z, Zhou X, Fang Y, Pan H, Han W. Quantitation of cell-free DNA in blood is a potential screening and diagnostic maker of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102336-102345. [PMID: 29254249 PMCID: PMC5731959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels in circulating blood have been associated with higher possibility of breast cancer, however, researchers have not reached an agreement on its analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 12 retrospective studies to clarify the value of cfDNA quantification in screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane library were searched from January, 2000 to October, 2016. Pooled analyses were estimated using a random effects model. RESULTS In total, 1003 primary breast cancer patients, 283 cases with benign breast disease and 575 healthy individuals were included. Pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 27.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.96~69.61, I2 = 86.2%, P < 0.001) in discriminating between breast cancer and healthy controls; the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve measured 0.91 (95% CI: 0.17~1.00). Analysis of available data in distinguishing breast cancer and benign breast disease showed a pooled DOR of 35.30 (95% CI: 7.58~164.39, I2 = 79.9%, P = 0.002) with an area under SROC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89~0.93). Ethnic group distribution based geographical factors suggested by meta-regression and subgroup analyses explained most of the heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Quantification of cfDNA is a promising test in screening and diagnostic of breast cancer, but population-based standardization of test methods require completion prior to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanggui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiasha Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang R, Li X, Zhang H, Wang K, He J. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA analysis for breast cancer and its clinical utilization as a biomarker. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75742-75755. [PMID: 29088906 PMCID: PMC5650461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood of cancer patients contains much information on genetic and epigenetic profiles associated with cancer development, progression, and response to therapy. Analysis of ctDNA provides an opportunity for non-invasive sampling of tumor DNA repetitiously and therefore advance precision medicine. Recent development in massively parallel sequencing and digital genomic techniques support the analytical and clinical validity of ctDNA as a promising 'liquid biopsy' in human cancer. In this review, we discussed the current status of cell-free ctDNA including ctDNA biology, recently developed techniques for ctDNA detection, breast cancer specific detecting strategies, with a focus on clinical applications of ctDNA-based biomarkers in breast oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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Beffagna G, Sammarco A, Bedin C, Romualdi C, Mainenti M, Mollo A, Cavicchioli L, Ferro S, Trez D, De Maria R, Nitti D, Saccani A, Campanella M, Agostini M, Zappulli V. Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Dogs with Mammary Tumors: Short and Long Fragments and Integrity Index. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169454. [PMID: 28081183 PMCID: PMC5231265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been considered an interesting diagnostic/prognostic plasma biomarker in tumor-bearing subjects. In cancer patients, cfDNA can hypothetically derive from tumor necrosis/apoptosis, lysed circulating cells, and some yet unrevealed mechanisms of active release. This study aimed to preliminarily analyze cfDNA in dogs with canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Forty-four neoplastic, 17 non-neoplastic disease-bearing, and 15 healthy dogs were recruited. Necrosis and apoptosis were also assessed as potential source of cfDNA on 78 CMTs diagnosed from the 44 dogs. The cfDNA fragments and integrity index significantly differentiated neoplastic versus non-neoplastic dogs (P<0.05), and allowed the distinction between benign and malignant lesions (P<0.05). Even if without statistical significance, the amount of cfDNA was also affected by tumor necrosis and correlated with tumor size and apoptotic markers expression. A significant (P<0.01) increase of Bcl-2 in malignant tumors was observed, and in metastatic CMTs the evasion of apoptosis was also suggested. This study, therefore, provides evidence that cfDNA could be a diagnostic marker in dogs carrying mammary nodules suggesting that its potential application in early diagnostic procedures should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Bedin
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica – Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marta Mainenti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Trez
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica – Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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Dahl E, Kloten V. [Liquid biopsy analysis using cell-free DNA (cfDNA): Opportunities and limitations]. DER PATHOLOGE 2016; 36:572-8. [PMID: 26395890 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-015-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biological analysis of nucleic acids in blood or other bodily fluids (i.e. liquid biopsy analyses) may supplement the pathologists' diagnostic armamentarium in a reasonable way-particularly in cancer precision medicine. Within the field of oncology, liquid biopsy can potentially be used to monitor tumor burden in the blood and to early detect emerging resistance in the course of targeted cancer therapies. An already approved application of liquid biopsy is the detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) driver mutations in blood samples of lung cancer patients in those cases where no tissue biopsy is available. However, there is still currently considerable insecurity associated with blood-based DNA analytic methods that must be solved before liquid biopsy can be implemented for broader routine application in the diagnosis of cancer. In this article, the current state of development of liquid biopsy in molecular diagnostics from a pathology point of view is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dahl
- Arbeitsgruppe Molekulare Onkologie, Institut für Pathologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland. .,Molekularpathologische Diagnostik, Institut für Pathologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland. .,RWTH zentralisierte Biomaterialbank (RWTH cBMB), Institut für Pathologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
| | - V Kloten
- Arbeitsgruppe Molekulare Onkologie, Institut für Pathologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
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Huang A, Zhang X, Zhou SL, Cao Y, Huang XW, Fan J, Yang XR, Zhou J. Plasma Circulating Cell-free DNA Integrity as a Promising Biomarker for Diagnosis and Surveillance in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:1798-1803. [PMID: 27698918 PMCID: PMC5039362 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity as diagnostic and surveillance biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated and compared to that of alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Liver cancer patients had lower cfDNA integrity than those with benign diseases (P = 0.0167) and healthy individuals (P = 0.0025). Patients with HCC and non-HCC liver cancers (P = 0.7356), and patients with benign diseases and healthy individuals (P = 0.9138) had comparable cfDNA integrity respectively. cfDNA integrity increased after hepatectomy in cancer patients (P = 0.0003). The AUCs for detecting HCC by cfDNA integrity and AFP were 0.705 (P = 0.005) and 0.605 (P = 0.156), respectively. We found cfDNA integrity decreased in HCC patients and has the potential as promising biomarker for HCC diagnosis and treatment surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Huang
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Xin Zhang
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Shao-Lai Zhou
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Czeiger D, Shaked G, Sebbag G, Vakhrushev A, Flomboym A, Lior Y, Belochitski O, Ariad S, Douvdevani A. Elevated Cell-Free DNA Measured by a Simple Assay Is Associated With Increased Rate of Colorectal Cancer Relapse. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:852-7. [PMID: 27267374 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For patients with early stage colorectal cancer (CRC), markers of high-risk relapse are needed. In a previous study on 38 randomly selected patients with CRC, we found good correlation between presurgery cell-free DNA (CFD) concentrations and standard prognostic factors. In the current study, we revisited the same patients at 5-year survival, aiming to evaluate the predictive power of presurgery CFD levels. METHODS We revisited 38 patients with CRC previously analyzed for 5-year outcome. CFD was measured using a simple fluorescent assay that we developed. RESULTS All recurrent patients and patients who had died of cancer within 5 years were shown to have presurgery CFD values above 800 ng/mL. The negative predictive value for cancer-related disease was 100%. Cox regression analysis for disease-free survival showed a hazard ratio of 6.03 (P = .003) for CFD, which was higher than the ratio of the disease stage, 1.9 (P = .006). The survival-free curve of stage I and II patients with elevated CFD was significantly different from patients with normal levels (P = .0136); 5 (41.7%) of 12 patients had died of cancer or had experienced a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS CFD may possibly be a decisive criterion to identify patients with local disease who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yotam Lior
- Clinical Research Center Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology
| | - Olga Belochitski
- Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Samuel Ariad
- Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Kamel AM, Teama S, Fawzy A, El Deftar M. Plasma DNA integrity index as a potential molecular diagnostic marker for breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7565-72. [PMID: 26684805 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma DNA integrity index is increased in various malignancies including breast cancer, the most common cancer in women worldwide; early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Current screening methods fail to detect many cases of breast cancer at an early stage. In this study, we evaluated the level of plasma DNA integrity index in 260 females (95 with breast cancer, 95 with benign breast lesions, and 70 healthy controls) to verify its potential value in discriminating malignant from benign breast lesions. The criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer were used for staging of breast cancer patients. DNA integrity index was measured by real-time PCR. DNA integrity index was significantly higher in breast cancer than in benign breast patients and healthy subjects (P = <0.001). DNA integrity index is correlated with TNM stage. Given 100 % specificity, the highest sensitivity achieved in detecting cancer group was 85.3 % at 0.55 DNA integrity index cutoff. In conclusion, the plasma DNA integrity index may be a promising molecular diagnostic marker of malignancy in breast lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast/metabolism
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/blood
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA, Neoplasm/blood
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Plasma/chemistry
- Prognosis
- ROC Curve
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El-Khalig Square, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11796, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Salwa Teama
- Medical Research Center, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El-Khalig Square, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11796, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat El Deftar
- Department of Pathology, Tissue culture & Cytogenetic unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gui Z, Wang Q, Li J, Zhu M, Yu L, Xun T, Yan F, Ju H. Direct detection of circulating free DNA extracted from serum samples of breast cancer using locked nucleic acid molecular beacon. Talanta 2016; 154:520-5. [PMID: 27154709 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging noninvasive blood biomarker, circulating free DNA (cfDNA) can be utilized to assess diagnosis, progression and evaluate prognosis of cancer. However, cfDNAs are not "naked", they can be part of complexes, or are bound to the surface of the cells via proteins, which make the detection more challenging. Here, a simple method for the detection of Ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) DNA exacted from serum of breast cancer (BC) has been developed using a novel locked nucleic acid molecular beacon (LNA-MB). In order to enhance the stability and detection efficiency of the probe in biofluids, we design a shared-stem molecular beacon containing a 27-mer loop and a 4-mer stem with DNA/LNA alternating bases. The fluorescence is released in the presence of target. The detection procedure is simple and can be completed within 1h. This method shows a sensitive response to UHRF1 DNA with a dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude. The limit of detection is 11nM (S/N=3) with excellent selectivity. It can discriminate UHRF1 DNA from three-base mismatched DNA with a high specificity. More importantly, this method can distinguish the expression of serum UHRF1 DNA among 5 breast cancer patients and 5 healthy controls. The mentioned superiority may suggest that this assay can be served as a promising noninvasive detection tool for early BC diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jinchang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mingchen Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lili Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tang Xun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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Canzoniero JV, Park BH. Use of cell free DNA in breast oncology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:266-74. [PMID: 27012505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell free DNA (cfDNA) are short fragments of nucleic acids present in circulation outside of cells. In patients with cancer, some portion of cfDNA is derived from tumor cells, termed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and contains the same mutations and genetic changes as the cancer. The development of new, more effective methods to detect these changes has led to increased interest in developing ctDNA as a biomarker for cancer. Here we will review current literature on the use of ctDNA, with an emphasis on breast cancer, for cancer detection, prognosis, monitoring response to therapy, and tracking the rise of new mutant subclones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna VanLiere Canzoniero
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins, 600 N Wolfe St, Nelson 207, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, 1650 Orleans Street, CRBI, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Assessment of the total cfDNA and HPV16/18 detection in plasma samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:36-41. [PMID: 26786940 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The advantages of the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methodology are quick results and the possibility of repeated analysis. The main aim of our study was to establish the relationship of the total cfDNA with patients' clinical characteristics and circulating HPV DNA detection in the blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS The cfDNA level of 200 HNSCC patients in plasma was quantified using TaqMan-based TERT amplification. TaqMan technology was also used for HPV16/18 detection. Additionally, mutations in KRAS and EGFR were investigated. RESULTS A higher level (p=0.011) of the total cfDNA was found in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) (9.60 ± 6.23 ng/ml) in comparison with other HNSCC (7.67 ± 4.44 ng/ml). The level of cfDNA in patients with clinical N2-N3 disease (9.28 ± 6.34 ng/ml) was (p=0.015) higher than in patients with a clinical N0-N1 disease (7.50 ± 3.69 ng/ml). It was also higher in patients with stage IV (9.16 ± 6.04 ng/ml) compared with stages I-III of cancer (7.26 ± 3.63 ng/ml) (p=0.011). Analysis of HPV16/18 in plasma revealed that 14% of patients were HPV-positive, the majority of whom had the type HPV16 (96.4%). CfDNA level was comparable in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC patients, as well in the OPSCC subgroup. Somatic mutations in EGFR and KRAS were not found. CONCLUSIONS A high level of cfDNA is specific for patients with OPSCC. HPV detection in cfDNA does not depend on the cfDNA concentration. Our results prove the diagnostic potential of plasma-based HPV cfDNA tests for the early detection and monitoring of HPV-positive HNSCC.
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