1
|
Confalonieri S, Matoskova B, Pennisi R, Martino F, De Mario A, Miloro G, Montani F, Rotta L, Ferrari ME, Gilardi L, Ceci F, Grana CM, Rizzuto R, Mammucari C, Di Fiore PP, Lanzetti L. A PET-Surrogate Signature for the Interrogation of the Metabolic Status of Breast Cancers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308255. [PMID: 38757578 PMCID: PMC11267279 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations in cancers can be exploited for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. This is exemplified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), an imaging tool that relies on enhanced glucose uptake by tumors for diagnosis and staging. By performing transcriptomic analysis of breast cancer (BC) samples from patients stratified by FDG-PET, a 54-gene signature (PETsign) is identified that recapitulates FDG uptake. PETsign is independently prognostic of clinical outcome in luminal BCs, the most common and heterogeneous BC molecular subtype, which requires improved stratification criteria to guide therapeutic decision-making. The prognostic power of PETsign is stable across independent BC cohorts and disease stages including the earliest BC stage, arguing that PETsign is an ab initio metabolic signature. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of BC cells reveals that PETsign predicts enhanced glycolytic dependence and reduced reliance on fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, coamplification of PETsign genes occurs frequently in BC arguing for their causal role in pathogenesis. CXCL8 and EGFR signaling pathways feature strongly in PETsign, and their activation in BC cells causes a shift toward a glycolytic phenotype. Thus, PETsign serves as a molecular surrogate for FDG-PET that could inform clinical management strategies for BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa Pennisi
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolCandioloTurin10060Italy
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSStr. Provinciale 142 km 3.95, CandioloTurin10060Italy
| | - Flavia Martino
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolCandioloTurin10060Italy
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSStr. Provinciale 142 km 3.95, CandioloTurin10060Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaVia U. Bassi 58/BPadua35131Italy
| | - Giorgia Miloro
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
| | - Francesca Montani
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
| | - Luca Rotta
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
| | | | - Laura Gilardi
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
| | - Francesco Ceci
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato‐OncologyUniversity of MilanMilan20142Italy
| | | | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaVia U. Bassi 58/BPadua35131Italy
| | - Cristina Mammucari
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaVia U. Bassi 58/BPadua35131Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato‐OncologyUniversity of MilanMilan20142Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolCandioloTurin10060Italy
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSStr. Provinciale 142 km 3.95, CandioloTurin10060Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bauso LV, La Fauci V, Munaò S, Bonfiglio D, Armeli A, Maimone N, Longo C, Calabrese G. Biological Activity of Natural and Synthetic Peptides as Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7264. [PMID: 39000371 PMCID: PMC11242495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide, making it a serious global health concern. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical treatment are the most used conventional therapeutic approaches, although they show several side effects that limit their effectiveness. For these reasons, the discovery of new effective alternative therapies still represents an enormous challenge for the treatment of tumour diseases. Recently, anticancer peptides (ACPs) have gained attention for cancer diagnosis and treatment. ACPs are small bioactive molecules which selectively induce cancer cell death through a variety of mechanisms such as apoptosis, membrane disruption, DNA damage, immunomodulation, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis, cell survival, and proliferation pathways. ACPs can also be employed for the targeted delivery of drugs into cancer cells. With over 1000 clinical trials using ACPs, their potential for application in cancer therapy seems promising. Peptides can also be utilized in conjunction with imaging agents and molecular imaging methods, such as MRI, PET, CT, and NIR, improving the detection and the classification of cancer, and monitoring the treatment response. In this review we will provide an overview of the biological activity of some natural and synthetic peptides for the treatment of the most common and malignant tumours affecting people around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Vittoria Bauso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria La Fauci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Munaò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Desirèe Bonfiglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Armeli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Noemi Maimone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Clelia Longo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai R, Bao X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhu H, Yang K, Wang B, Wen H, Li W, Liu J. Hot-Spot Residue-Based Virtual Screening of Novel Selective Estrogen-Receptor Degraders for Breast Cancer Treatment. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7588-7602. [PMID: 37994801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen-receptor alfa (ERα) is considered pivotal for breast cancer treatment. Although selective estrogen-receptor degraders (SERDs) have been developed to induce ERα degradation and antagonism, their agonistic effect on the uterine tissue and poor pharmacokinetic properties limit further application of ERα; thus, discovering novel SERDs is necessary. The ligand preferentially interacts with several key residues of the protein (defined as hot-spot residues). Improving the interaction with hot-spot residues of ERα offers a promising avenue for obtaining novel SERDs. In this study, pharmacophore modeling, molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA), and amino-acid mutation were combined to determine several hot-spot residues. Focusing on the interaction with these hot-spot residues, hit fragments A1-A3 and A9 were virtually screened from two fragment libraries. Finally, these hit fragments were linked to generate compounds B1-B3, and their biological activities were evaluated. Remarkably, compound B1 exhibited potent antitumor activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 4.21 nM), favorable ERα binding affinity (Ki = 14.6 nM), and excellent ERα degradative ability (DC50 = 9.7 nM), which indicated its potential to evolve as a promising SERD for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupeng Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueting Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shabani H, Karami MH, Kolour J, Sayyahi Z, Parvin MA, Soghala S, Baghini SS, Mardasi M, Chopani A, Moulavi P, Farkhondeh T, Darroudi M, Kabiri M, Samarghandian S. Anticancer activity of thymoquinone against breast cancer cells: Mechanisms of action and delivery approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114972. [PMID: 37481931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of breast cancer has been a significant source of concern in the medical community. Regarding the adverse effects and consequences of current treatments, cancers' health, and socio-economical aspects have become more complicated, leaving research aimed at improved or new treatments on top priority. Medicinal herbs contain multitarget compounds that can control cancer development and advancement. Owing to Nigella Sativa's elements, it can treat many disorders. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural chemical derived from the black seeds of Nigella sativa Linn proved to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. TQ interferes in a broad spectrum of tumorigenic procedures and inhibits carcinogenesis, malignant development, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis owing to its multitargeting ability. It effectively facilitates miR-34a up-regulation, regulates the p53-dependent pathway, and suppresses Rac1 expression. TQ promotes apoptosis and controls the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. It has also been shown to diminish the phosphorylation of NF-B and IKK and decrease the metastasis and ERK1/2 and PI3K activity. We discuss TQ's cytotoxic effects for breast cancer treatment with a deep look at the relevant stimulatory or inhibitory signaling pathways. This review discusses the various forms of polymeric and non-polymeric nanocarriers (NC) and the encapsulation of TQ for increasing oral bioavailability and enhanced in vitro and in vivo efficacy of TQ-combined treatment with different chemotherapeutic agents against various breast cancer cell lines. This study can be useful to a broad scientific community, comprising pharmaceutical and biological scientists, as well as clinical investigators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Iran
| | | | - Jalili Kolour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology master student, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Zeinab Sayyahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Parvin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, school of Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrad Soghala
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shojaei Baghini
- Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mardasi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Chopani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Moulavi
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martino F, Lupi M, Giraudo E, Lanzetti L. Breast cancers as ecosystems: a metabolic perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:244. [PMID: 37561190 PMCID: PMC10415483 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the major causes of cancer death. Despite enormous progress in its management, both from the therapeutic and early diagnosis viewpoints, still around 700,000 patients succumb to the disease each year, worldwide. Late recurrency is the major problem in BC, with many patients developing distant metastases several years after the successful eradication of the primary tumor. This is linked to the phenomenon of metastatic dormancy, a still mysterious trait of the natural history of BC, and of several other types of cancer, by which metastatic cells remain dormant for long periods of time before becoming reactivated to initiate the clinical metastatic disease. In recent years, it has become clear that cancers are best understood if studied as ecosystems in which the impact of non-cancer-cell-autonomous events-dependent on complex interaction between the cancer and its environment, both local and systemic-plays a paramount role, probably as significant as the cell-autonomous alterations occurring in the cancer cell. In adopting this perspective, a metabolic vision of the cancer ecosystem is bound to improve our understanding of the natural history of cancer, across space and time. In BC, many metabolic pathways are coopted into the cancer ecosystem, to serve the anabolic and energy demands of the cancer. Their study is shedding new light on the most critical aspect of BC management, of metastatic dissemination, and that of the related phenomenon of dormancy and fostering the application of the knowledge to the development of metabolic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Martino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Lupi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonçalves JPL, Bollwein C, Noske A, Jacob A, Jank P, Loibl S, Nekljudova V, Fasching PA, Karn T, Marmé F, Müller V, Schem C, Sinn BV, Stickeler E, van Mackelenbergh M, Schmitt WD, Denkert C, Weichert W, Schwamborn K. Characterization of Hormone Receptor and HER2 Status in Breast Cancer Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032860. [PMID: 36769215 PMCID: PMC9918176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical evaluation of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status stratify the different subtypes of breast cancer and define the treatment course. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which does not register receptor overexpression, is often associated with worse patient prognosis. Mass spectrometry imaging transcribes the molecular content of tissue specimens without requiring additional tags or preliminary analysis of the samples, being therefore an excellent methodology for an unbiased determination of tissue constituents, in particular tumor markers. In this study, the proteomic content of 1191 human breast cancer samples was characterized by mass spectrometry imaging and the epithelial regions were employed to train and test machine-learning models to characterize the individual receptor status and to classify TNBC. The classification models presented yielded high accuracies for estrogen and progesterone receptors and over 95% accuracy for classification of TNBC. Analysis of the molecular features revealed that vimentin overexpression is associated with TNBC, supported by immunohistochemistry validation, revealing a new potential target for diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pereira Lopes Gonçalves
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Bollwein
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Jacob
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group (GBG), 63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marion van Mackelenbergh
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv CY, Cheng XK, Guo ZY, Liu L, Cai J, Lei T, Tang Y. Mammary Paget's Disease of Young Females: Case Reports and Comparison With Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231162700. [PMID: 37050911 PMCID: PMC10084577 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231162700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Mammary Paget's disease (PD) in young women has seldom been reported. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge of the clinicopathological characteristics in young patients with PD to provide a basis for the precise treatment of young patients. Methods The medical records and pathological slides of 8 young patients (younger than 40 years old) with PD were reviewed. The data of 20 patients over 40 years old within the same period were used as controls. Results The average age was 32.00 ± 3.96 years for the young patient group, with the youngest aged 27 years. The first symptom, physical examination, Paget cell morphology, and immunohistochemical marks were the same in different age groups. But young patients have varied tumor distribution patterns, fewer interstitial inflammatory cells, and advanced pathological local lymphatic metastasis than older patients in the same period. Conclusions PD in young women has unique histopathological features. These manifestations seem to provide personalized treatment for PD treatment in young patients. More research is needed to clarify the significance of this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-yan Lv
- Basic Medical School, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Chun-yan Lv, Basic Medical School, Chengdu University, 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Xian-kui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Yue Guo
- Department of Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of T. C. M./Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of T. C. M., Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of T. C. M./Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of T. C. M., Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Basic Medical School, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pathology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shoukat I, Mueller CR. Searching for DNA methylation in patients triple-negative breast cancer: a liquid biopsy approach. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:41-51. [PMID: 36715539 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2173579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid biopsies are proving to have diagnostic and prognostic value in many different cancers, and in breast cancer they have the potential to improve outcomes by providing valuable information throughout a patient's cancer journey. However, patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have received little benefit from such liquid biopsies due to underlying limitations in the discovery and utility of robust biomarkers. Here, we examine the development of DNA methylation-based liquid biopsy assays for breast cancer and how they pertain to TNBC. AREAS COVERED We conducted a systematic review of liquid biopsy assays for breast cancer and analyzed their relevance in TNBC. We show that the utility of DNA mutation-based assays is poor for TNBC due to the low mutational frequencies across the genome in this subtype. We offer a detailed review of mDETECT - a liquid biopsy specifically designed for assessing tumor burden in TNBC patients. EXPERT OPINION DNA methylation are foundational and robust events that occur in cancer evolution and may differentiate almost all forms of cancer, including TNBC. Longitudinal patient monitoring using DNA methylation-based liquid biopsies offers great potential for improving the detection and management of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irsa Shoukat
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher R Mueller
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nikoo M, Rudiansyah M, Bokov DO, Jainakbaev N, Suksatan W, Ansari MJ, Thangavelu L, Chupradit S, Zamani A, Adili A, Shomali N, Akbari M. Potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected immune cells in breast cancer therapies: Recent advances. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4137-4156. [PMID: 35762299 PMCID: PMC9344815 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial developments in conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular-targeted therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected immune cell therapy has emerged as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach to ameliorate survival rates of breast cancer patients by eliciting cytotoxic activity against cognate tumour-associated antigens expressing tumour cells. As a crucial component of adaptive immunity, T cells and NK cells, as the central innate immune cells, are two types of pivotal candidates for CAR engineering in treating solid malignancies. However, the biological distinctions between NK cells- and T cells lead to differences in cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Likewise, optimal breast cancer removal via CAR-redirected immune cells requires detecting safe target antigens, improving CAR structure for ideal immune cell functions, promoting CAR-redirected immune cells filtration to the tumour microenvironment (TME), and increasing the ability of these engineered cells to persist and retain within the immunosuppressive TME. This review provides a concise overview of breast cancer pathogenesis and its hostile TME. We focus on the CAR-T and CAR-NK cells and discuss their significant differences. Finally, we deliver a summary based on recent advancements in the therapeutic capability of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells in treating breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mohammad Rudiansyah
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Lambung Mangkurat / Ulin HospitalBanjarmasinIndonesia
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of PharmacySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryFederal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical ScienceChulabhorn Royal AcademyBangkokThailand
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl‐kharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Amir Zamani
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina HospitalShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Adili
- Department of OncologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumar S, Chatterjee M, Ghosh P, Ganguly KK, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: an effective strategy for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
|
11
|
PSHG-TISS: A collection of polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy images of fixed tissues. Sci Data 2022; 9:376. [PMID: 35780180 PMCID: PMC9250519 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is acknowledged as an established imaging technique capable to provide information on the collagen architecture in tissues that is highly valuable for the diagnostics of various pathologies. The polarization-resolved extension of SHG (PSHG) microscopy, together with associated image processing methods, retrieves extensive image sets under different input polarization settings, which are not fully exploited in clinical settings. To facilitate this, we introduce PSHG-TISS, a collection of PSHG images, accompanied by additional computationally generated images which can be used to complement the subjective qualitative analysis of SHG images. These latter have been calculated using the single-axis molecule model for collagen and provide 2D representations of different specific PSHG parameters known to account for the collagen structure and distribution. PSHG-TISS can aid refining existing PSHG image analysis methods, while also supporting the development of novel image processing and analysis methods capable to extract meaningful quantitative data from the raw PSHG image sets. PSHG-TISS can facilitate the breadth and widespread of PSHG applications in tissue analysis and diagnostics. Measurement(s) | Type I Collagen | Technology Type(s) | multi-photon laser scanning microscopy | Factor Type(s) | second order susceptibility tensor elements | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens | Sample Characteristic - Environment | laboratory environment | Sample Characteristic - Location | Romania |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lau TY, Kwan HY. Fucoxanthin Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060370. [PMID: 35736173 PMCID: PMC9229252 DOI: 10.3390/md20060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance. This review aims to give an updated summary of the anti-cancer effects of Fx and summarize the underlying mechanisms of action, which will provide novel strategies for the development of Fx as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu Z, Cao Y, Zhang D, Meng X, Guo B, Kong D, Yang Y. Discovery of Thieno[2,3- e]indazole Derivatives as Novel Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders with Highly Improved Antitumor Effect and Favorable Druggability. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5724-5750. [PMID: 35357160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine therapies in the treatment of early and metastatic estrogen receptor α positive (ERα+) breast cancer (BC) are greatly limited by de novo and acquired resistance. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) like fulvestrant provide new strategies for endocrine therapy combinations due to unique mechanisms. Herein, we disclose our structure-based optimization of LSZ102 by replacing 6-hydroxybenzothiophene with 6H-thieno[2,3-e]indazole. Subsequent acrylic acid degron modifications led us to identify compound 40 as the preferred candidate. In general, compound 40 showed much better pharmacological profiles than the lead LSZ102, exhibiting growth inhibition of wild-type or tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells, potent ERα degradation, together with superior pharmacokinetic properties, directional target tissue distribution including the brain, and robust antitumor efficacy in the mice breast cancer xenograft model. Currently, 40 is being evaluated in preclinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangzhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deyu Kong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yushe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nikas I, Giaginis C, Petrouska K, Alexandrou P, Michail A, Sarantis P, Tsourouflis G, Danas E, Pergaris A, Politis PK, Nakopoulou L, Theocharis S. EPHA2, EPHA4, and EPHA7 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020366. [PMID: 35204461 PMCID: PMC8871500 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research continues to elucidate the complex role of ephrin receptors (EPHs) and their ligands (ephrins) in breast cancer pathogenesis, with their varying expression patterns implied to have an important impact on patients’ outcome. The current study aims to investigate the clinical significance of EPHA2, EPHA4, and EPHA7 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases. EPHA2, EPHA4, and EPHA7 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) TNBC tissue sections from 52 TNBC patients and correlated with key clinicopathologic parameters and patients’ survival data (overall survival (OS); disease-free survival (DFS)). EPHA2, EPHA4, and EPHA7 expression was further examined in TNBC cell lines. EPHA2 overexpression was observed in 26 (50%) of the TNBC cases, who exhibited a shorter OS and DFS than their low-expression counterparts, with EPHA2 representing an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS (p = 0.0041 and p = 0.0232, respectively). EPHA4 overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis in TNBC patients (p = 0.0546). Alterations in EPHA2, EPHA4, and EPHA7 expression levels were also noted in the examined TNBC cell lines. Our study stresses that EPHA2 expression constitutes a potential prognostic factor for TNBC patients. Given the limited treatment options and poorer outcome that accompany the TNBC subtype, EPHA2 could also pose as a target for novel, more personalized, and effective therapeutic approaches for those patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Nikas
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, Myrina, 811 00 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Petrouska
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Paraskevi Alexandrou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Artemis Michail
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str., 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eugene Danas
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Panagiotis K. Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str., 115 27 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.P.)
| | - Lydia Nakopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (K.P.); (P.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 30-210-7462178; Fax: + 30-210-7456259
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dubey SK, Bhatt T, Agrawal M, Saha RN, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Application of chitosan modified nanocarriers in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:521-538. [PMID: 34822820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As per the WHO, every year around 2.1 million women are detected with breast cancer. It is one of the most invasive cancer in women and second most among all, contributing around 15% of death worldwide. The available anticancer therapies including chemo, radio, and hormone therapy are associated with a high load of reversible and irreversible adverse effects, limited therapeutic efficacy, and low chances of quality survival. To minimize the side effects, improving therapeutic potency and patient compliance promising targeted therapies are highly desirable. In this sequence, various nanocarriers and target modified systems have been explored by researchers throughout the world. Among these chitosan-based nanocarriers offers one of the most interesting, flexible, and biocompatible systems. The unique characteristics of chitosan like surface flexibility, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, non-toxic and cost-effective behavior assist to overcome the inadequacy of existing therapy. The present review throws light on the successes, failures, and current status of chitosan modified novel techniques for tumor targeting of bioactives. It also emphasizes the molecular classification of breast cancer and current clinical development of novel therapies. The review compiles most relevant works of the past 10 years focusing on the application of chitosan-based nanocarrier against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, 700056 Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Tanya Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, 781101 Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fukano M, Park M, Deblois G. Metabolic Flexibility Is a Determinant of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4699. [PMID: 34572926 PMCID: PMC8467722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression is characterized by changes in cellular metabolism that contribute to enhanced tumour growth and adaptation to microenvironmental stresses. Metabolic changes within breast tumours are still poorly understood and are not as yet exploited for therapeutic intervention, in part due to a high level of metabolic heterogeneity within tumours. The metabolic profiles of breast cancer cells are flexible, providing dynamic switches in metabolic states to accommodate nutrient and energy demands and further aggravating the challenges of targeting metabolic dependencies in cancer. In this review, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours. Next, we examine how metabolic flexibility, which contributes to the metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours, can alter epigenetic landscapes and increase a variety of pro-tumorigenic functions. Finally, we highlight the difficulties in pharmacologically targeting the metabolic adaptations of breast tumours and provide an overview of possible strategies to sensitize heterogeneous breast tumours to the targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fukano
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Geneviève Deblois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Crucitta S, Cucchiara F, Sciandra F, Cerbioni A, Diodati L, Rafaniello C, Capuano A, Fontana A, Fogli S, Danesi R, Re MD. Pharmacological Basis of Breast Cancer Resistance to Therapies - An Overview. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:760-774. [PMID: 34348634 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210804100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a molecular heterogeneous disease and often patients with similar clinico-pathological characteristics may display different response to treatment. Cellular processes, including uncontrolled cell-cycle, constitutive activation of signalling pathways parallel to or downstream of HER2 and alterations in DNA-repair mechanisms are the main features altered in the tumor. These cellular processes play significant roles in the emergence of therapy resistance. The introduction of target therapies as well as immunotherapies has improved the management of breast cancer. Furthermore, several therapeutic options are available to overcome resistance and physicians could overcome the challenge of resistant BC using combinatorial drug strategies and incorporating novel biomarkers. Molecular profiling promises to help in refine personalized treatment decisions and catalyse the development of further strategies when resistances inevitably occur. The search for biological explanations for treatment failure helps to clarify the phenomenon and allows to incorporate new biomarkers into clinical practice that can lead to adequate solutions to overcome it. This review provides a summary of genetic and molecular aspects of resistance mechanisms to available treatments for BC patients, and its clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | - Federico Cucchiara
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | - Annalisa Cerbioni
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | - Lucrezia Diodati
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa. Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples. Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples. Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa. Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu HJ, Chu PY. Epigenetic Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributing to Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158113. [PMID: 34360879 PMCID: PMC8348144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer has remained the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of diseases, which require different selection of treatments. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play essential roles in breast cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, chemoresistance and treatments. Epigenetics is defined as inheritable changes in gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation includes DNA methylation and demethylation, as well as histone modifications. Aberrant epigenetic regulation results in carcinogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in carcinogenesis, therapeutic resistance and metastasis of BCSCs will be discussed, and finally, the therapies targeting these biomarkers will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975611855; Fax: +886-47227116
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar D, Patel SA, Hassan MK, Mohapatra N, Pattanaik N, Dixit M. Reduced IQGAP2 expression promotes EMT and inhibits apoptosis by modulating the MEK-ERK and p38 signaling in breast cancer irrespective of ER status. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:389. [PMID: 33846302 PMCID: PMC8041781 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IQGAP2, a member of the IQGAP family, functions as a tumor suppressor in most of the cancers. Unlike IQGAP1 and IQGAP3, which function as oncogenes in breast cancer, the role of IQGAP2 is still unexplored. Here we report a reduced expression of IQGAP2, which was associated with lymph node positivity, lymphovascular invasion, and higher age in breast cancer patients. We found an inverse correlation of IQGAP2 expression levels with oncogenic properties of breast cancer cell lines in estrogen receptor (ER) independent manner. IQGAP2 expression enhanced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-P38-p53 pathway and reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a MEK-ERK-dependent manner. IQGAP2-IQGAP1 ratio correlated negatively with phospho-ERK levels in breast cancer patients. Pull-down assay showed interaction of IQGAP1 and IQGAP2. IQGAP2 overexpression rescued, IQGAP1-mediated ERK activation, suggesting the possibility of IQGAP1 sequestration by IQGAP2. IQGAP2 depletion, in a tumor xenograft model, increased tumor volume, tumor weight, and phospho-ERK expression. Overall, our findings suggest that IQGAP2 is negatively associated with proliferative and metastatic abilities of breast cancer cells. Suppression of IQGAP1-mediated ERK activation is a possible route via which IQGAP2 restricts oncogenic properties of breast cancer cells. Our study highlights the candidature of IQGAP2 as a potent target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Saket Awadesbhai Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Md Khurshidul Hassan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Nachiketa Mohapatra
- Apollo Hospitals, Plot No. 251, Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 750015, India
| | - Niharika Pattanaik
- AMRI Hospital, Plot No. 1, Near Jayadev Vatika Park, Khandagiri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Manjusha Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qi P, Yang Y, Bai QM, Xue T, Ren M, Yao QL, Yang WT, Zhou XY. Concordance of the 21-gene assay between core needle biopsy and resection specimens in early breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:327-342. [PMID: 33439420 PMCID: PMC7804587 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant therapy decisions may be partly based on the results of a multigene quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assay: the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) test of resection specimens. When necessary, core needle biopsy (CNB) may be considered as a surrogate. Here, we evaluated the concordance in gene expression according to results from RT-PCR-based RS testing between paired CNBs and resection specimens. METHODS CNBs and resection specimens from 50 breast cancer (BC) patients were tested to calculate RSs. First, we examined the concordance of the ER, PR and HER-2 status of tissue samples indicated by immunohistochemical (IHC) and RT-PCR analyses. Then, we compared the IHC findings of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 staining across paired samples. Ultimately, the RS and single-gene results for ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 were explored between paired samples. RESULTS The concordance between IHC and RT-PCR was 100%, 80.0% and 100% for ER, PR and HER-2, respectively, in both resection specimens and CNBs. The concordance for IHC ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 status was 100%, 94.0%, 52.0% and 82.0%, respectively, between paired samples. RS results from paired samples showed a strong correlation. The overall concordance in RS group classification between samples was 74%, 72% and 78% based on traditional cutoffs, TAILORx cutoffs and ASCO guidelines, respectively. ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 were modestly- to- strongly correlated between paired samples according to the RT-PCR results. CONCLUSION A modest- to- strong correlation of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 gene expression and RS between CNBs and resection specimens was observed in the present study. The 21-gene RS test could be reliably performed on CNBs. ER, PR and HER-2 status showed remarkable concordance between the IHC and RT-PCR analyses. The concordance between paired samples was high for the IHC ER, PR and Ki-67 results and low for HER-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian-Ming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian-Lan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Prognostic and predictive parameters in breast pathology: a pathologist's primer. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:94-106. [PMID: 33154551 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathologist's role in the breast cancer treatment team has evolved from rendering a diagnosis of breast cancer, to providing a growing list of prognostic and predictive parameters such that individualized treatment decisions can be made based on likelihood of benefit from additional treatments and potential benefit from specific therapies. In all stages, ER and HER2 status help segregate breast cancers into treatment groups with similar outcomes and treatment response rates, however, traditional pathologic parameters such as favorable histologic subtype, size, lymph node status, and Nottingham grade also have remained clinically relevant in early stage disease decision-making. This is especially true for the most common subtype of breast cancer; ER positive, HER2 negative disease. For this same group of breast cancers, an ever-expanding list of gene-expression panels also can provide prediction and prognostication about potential chemotherapy benefit beyond standard endocrine therapies, with the 21-gene Recurrence Score, currently the only prospectively validated predictive test for this purpose. In the more aggressive ER-negative cancer subtypes, response to neoadjuvant therapy and` the extent of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are more recently recognized powerful prognostic parameters, and clinical guidelines now offer additional treatment options for those high-risk patients with residual cancer after standard neoadjuvant therapy. In stage four disease, predictive tests like germline BRCA status, tumor PIK3CA mutation status (in ER+ metastatic disease) and PDL-1 status (in triple negative metastatic disease) are now used to determine additional new treatment options. The objective of this review is to describe the latest in prognostic and predictive parameters in breast cancer as they are relevant to standard pathology reporting and how they are used in breast cancer clinical treatment decisions.
Collapse
|
22
|
He J, Wu M, Xiong L, Gong Y, Yu R, Peng W, Li L, Li L, Tian S, Wang Y, Tao Q, Xiang T. BTB/POZ zinc finger protein ZBTB16 inhibits breast cancer proliferation and metastasis through upregulating ZBTB28 and antagonizing BCL6/ZBTB27. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:82. [PMID: 32517789 PMCID: PMC7285556 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer remains in urgent need of reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers. Zinc finger and BTB/POZ domain-containing family proteins (ZBTBs) are important transcription factors functioning as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The role and regulation of ZBTB16 in breast cancer remain to be established. Methods Reverse-transcription PCR and methylation-specific PCR were applied to detect expression and methylation of ZBTB16 in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. The effects of ZBTB16 in breast cancer cells were examined via cell viability, CCK8, Transwell, colony formation, and flow cytometric assays. Xenografts and immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted to determine the effects of ZBTB16 on tumorigenesis in vivo. The specific mechanisms of ZBTB16 were further investigated using Western blot, qRT-PCR, luciferase assay, and co-IP. Results ZBTB16 was frequently downregulated in breast cancer cell lines in correlation with its promoter CpG methylation status. Restoration of ZBTB16 expression led to induction of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis, inhibition of migration and invasion, reversal of EMT, and suppression of cell proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ectopically expressed ZBTB16 formed heterodimers with ZBTB28 or BCL6/ZBTB27 and exerted tumor suppressor effects through upregulation of ZBTB28 and antagonistic activity on BCL6. Conclusions Low expression of ZBTB16 is associated with its promoter hypermethylation and restoration of ZBTB16 inhibits tumorigenesis. ZBTB16 functions as a tumor suppressor through upregulating ZBTB28 and antagonizing BCL6. Our findings also support the possibility of ZBTB16 being a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yijia Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaorong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Zeng T, Li W, Wu H, Sun C, Yang F, Yang M, Fu Z, Yin Y. Long non-coding RNA SNHG1 activates HOXA1 expression via sponging miR-193a-5p in breast cancer progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10223-10234. [PMID: 32497022 PMCID: PMC7346023 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) has been reported to be involved in human diseases, including cancer. Here, we found that SNHG1 expression was significantly upregulated in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines. We explored the function of SNHG1 in breast cancer cells using in vitro and in vivo experiments and found that SNHG1 promotes breast cancer metastasis and proliferation. The potential molecular mechanism of SNHG1 in breast cancer cells may involve SNHG1 acting as a sponge of miR-193a-5p to activate the expression of the oncogene HOXA1. In summary, our study reveals a novel SNHG1/miR-193a-5p/HOXA1 competing endogenous RNA regulatory pathway in breast cancer progression and may provide new strategies for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahmad M, Shah AA. Predictive role of single nucleotide polymorphism (rs11614913) in the development of breast cancer in Pakistani population. Per Med 2020; 17:213-227. [PMID: 32320336 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2019-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: miRNAs play an important role in breast cancer (BC). Variations in miRNAs influence their maturation, expression and consequently regulation of their target genes. Materials & methods: In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism rs11614913 was genotyped in BC patients (n = 300) and 230 controls by employing tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR and Sanger sequencing (Macrogen Korea). Results: A significant difference was observed in the genotypes through co-dominant (χ2.#x00A0;= 42.03; p < 0.0001), additive (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6441 [0.4887-0.8490, 95% confidence interval]; p < 0.0019), dominant (OR = 0.3996 [0.2809-0.5686], p < 0.0001) and recessive (OR = 0.2993 [0.1220-0.7347], p < 0.009) statistical models showed decreased risk association of C allele with BC. Conclusion: Females having CT genotype are at higher risk of BC as compared with those having CC genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ali Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Regan D, Garcia K, Thamm D. Clinical, Pathological, and Ethical Considerations for the Conduct of Clinical Trials in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Cancer: A Comparative Approach to Accelerate Translational Drug Development. ILAR J 2019; 59:99-110. [PMID: 30668709 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of comparative oncology in translational research is receiving increasing attention from drug developers and the greater biomedical research community. Pet dogs with spontaneous cancer are important and underutilized translational models, owing to dogs' large size and relative outbreeding, combined with their high incidence of certain tumor histotypes with significant biological, genetic, and histological similarities to their human tumor counterparts. Dogs with spontaneous tumors naturally develop therapy resistance and spontaneous metastasis, all in the context of an intact immune system. These fundamental features of cancer biology are often lacking in induced or genetically engineered preclinical tumor models and likely contribute to their poor predictive value and the associated overall high failure rate in oncology drug development. Thus, the conduct of clinical trials in pet dogs with naturally occurring cancer represents a viable surrogate and valuable intermediary step that should be increasingly incorporated into the cancer drug discovery and development pipeline. The development of molecular-targeted therapies has resulted in an expanded role of the pathologist in human oncology trials, and similarly the expertise of veterinary pathologists will be increasingly valuable to all phases of comparative oncology trial design and conduct. In this review, we provide a framework of clinical, ethical, and pathology-focused considerations for the increasing integration of translational research investigations in dogs with spontaneous cancer as a means to accelerate clinical cancer discovery and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kelly Garcia
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khan S, Ayub H, Khan T, Wahid F. MicroRNA biogenesis, gene silencing mechanisms and role in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. Biochimie 2019; 167:12-24. [PMID: 31493469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are important class of short regulatory RNA molecules involved in regulation of several essential biological processes. In addition to Dicer and Drosha, over the past few years several other gene products are discovered that regulates miRNA biogenesis pathways. Similarly, various models of molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA mediated gene silencing have been uncovered through which miRNA contribute in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulated miRNA expression has been reported in many cancers manifesting tumor suppressive or oncogenic role. In this review, critical overview of recent findings in miRNA biogenesis, silencing mechanisms and specifically the role of miRNA in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will be described. Recent advancements in miRNA research summarized in this review will enhance the molecular understanding of miRNA biogenesis and mechanism of action. Also, role of miRNAs in pathogenesis of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will provide the insights for the use of miRNAs as biomarker or therapeutic agents for the cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ayub
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Intrinsic Molecular Subclassification of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Are We Finally there? Adv Anat Pathol 2019; 26:251-256. [PMID: 31188799 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease throughout the world usually encountered in older patients, and associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and cost. The treatment of bladder cancer has remained unchanged for the last several decades. However, in recent years the availability of comprehensive genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other large projects have considerably improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors. These studies demonstrated that bladder cancers can be grouped into 2 broad categories namely basal and luminal molecular subtypes with recognizable subgroups in each of these categories. Clinical data suggest that invasive basal cancers are more sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), such that most patients with basal cancers who are aggressively managed with NAC have excellent outcomes. Patients with luminal cancers do not appear to derive much clinical benefit from NAC, but some may appear to be sensitive to anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) antibodies and possibly other immune checkpoint inhibitors. It is hoped that future studies will also identify biomarkers such as immunohistochemical markers which may be used to predict therapeutic response of these tumors. This will contribute substantially toward efficient and cost-effective diagnosis and management of these neoplasms.
Collapse
|
28
|
Turner BM, Gimenez-Sanders MA, Soukiazian A, Breaux AC, Skinner K, Shayne M, Soukiazian N, Ling M, Hicks DG. Risk stratification of ER-positive breast cancer patients: A multi-institutional validation and outcome study of the Rochester Modified Magee algorithm (RoMMa) and prediction of an Oncotype DX ® recurrence score <26. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4176-4188. [PMID: 31199586 PMCID: PMC6675710 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The skyrocketing cost of health-care demands that we question when to use multigene assay testing in the planning of treatment for breast cancer patients. A previously published algorithmic model gave recommendations for which cases to send out for Oncotype DX® (ODX) testing. This study is a multi-institutional validation of that algorithmic model in 620 additional estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cases, with outcome data on 310 cases, named in this study as the Rochester Modified Magee algorithm (RoMMa). RoMMa correctly predicted 85% (140/164) and 100% (17/17) of cases to have a low- or high-risk ODX recurrence score, respectively, consistent with the original publication. Applying our own risk stratification criteria, in patients who received appropriate hormonal therapy, only one of the 45 (2.0%) patients classified as low risk by our original algorithm have been associated with a breast cancer recurrence over 5-10 years of follow-up. Eight of 116 (7.0%) patients classified as low risk by ODX have been associated with a breast cancer recurrence with up to 11 years of follow-up. In addition, 524 of 537 (98%) cases from our total population (n = 903) with an average modified Magee score ≤18 had an ODX recurrence score <26. Patients with an average modified Magee score ≤18 or >30 may not need to be sent out for ODX testing. By avoiding these cases sending out for ODX testing, the potential cost savings to the health-care system in 2018 are estimated to have been over $100,000,000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - Andrea C Breaux
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kristin Skinner
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Michelle Shayne
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Nyrie Soukiazian
- Drexel University College of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Professional Studies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marilyn Ling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - David G Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Breast Cancer Metabolomics: From Analytical Platforms to Multivariate Data Analysis. A Review. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050102. [PMID: 31121909 PMCID: PMC6572290 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health issue worldwide for many years and has been increasing significantly. Among the different types of cancer, breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women being a disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Nowadays, the available diagnostic tools have aided in the early detection of BC leading to the improvement of survival rates. However, better detection tools for diagnosis and disease monitoring are still required. In this sense, metabolomic NMR, LC-MS and GC-MS-based approaches have gained attention in this field constituting powerful tools for the identification of potential biomarkers in a variety of clinical fields. In this review we will present the current analytical platforms and their applications to identify metabolites with potential for BC biomarkers based on the main advantages and advances in metabolomics research. Additionally, chemometric methods used in metabolomics will be highlighted.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gubarkova EV, Sovetsky AA, Zaitsev VY, Matveyev AL, Vorontsov DA, Sirotkina MA, Matveev LA, Plekhanov AA, Pavlova NP, Kuznetsov SS, Vorontsov AY, Zagaynova EV, Gladkova ND. OCT-elastography-based optical biopsy for breast cancer delineation and express assessment of morphological/molecular subtypes. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2244-2263. [PMID: 31143491 PMCID: PMC6524573 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Application of compressional optical coherence elastography (OCE) for delineation of tumor and peri-tumoral tissue with simultaneous assessment of morphological/molecular subtypes of breast cancer is reported. The approach is based on the ability of OCE to quantitatively visualize stiffness of studied samples and then to perform a kind of OCE-based biopsy by analyzing elastographic B-scans that have sizes ~several millimeters similarly to bioptates used for "gold-standard" histological examinations. The method relies on identification of several main tissue constituents differing in their stiffness in the OCE scans. Initially the specific stiffness ranges for the analyzed tissue components (adipose tissue, fibrous and hyalinized tumor stroma, lymphocytic infiltrate and agglomerates of tumor cells) are determined via comparison of OCE and morphological/molecular data. Then assessment of non-tumor/tumor regions and tumor subtypes is made based on percentage of pixels with different characteristic stiffness ("stiffness spectrum") in the OCE image, also taking into account spatial localization of different-stiffness regions. Examples of high contrast among benign (or non-invasive) and several subtypes of invasive breast tumors in terms of their stiffness spectra are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lev A. Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sugai H, Tomita S, Ishihara S, Kurita R. One-Component Array Based on a Dansyl-Modified Polylysine: Generation of Differential Fluorescent Signatures for the Discrimination of Human Cells. ACS Sens 2019; 4:827-831. [PMID: 30945530 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A one-component array-based sensor consisting of a dansyl-modified polylysine (PLL-Dnc) is capable of discriminating the types and compositional ratios of human cells using varying buffer conditions. The PLL-Dnc sensor array, which affords turn-on fluorescence responses against analyte cells that depend on the pH value and the ionic strength, generates differential fluorescence signatures of cells and successfully discriminates eight types of human cell lines (2.0 × 104 cells/mL) with 100% accuracy using multivariate analysis. The array also allows differentiation of the composition of the cell mixtures that contain cells with the same tissue origin but of different subtypes. The good discrimination ability and simple platform of our "one-component"-based array allows an easy and rapid sensing of cells without requiring any information on specific biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Sugai
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tomita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishihara
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Allison KH. Ancillary Prognostic and Predictive Testing in Breast Cancer: Focus on Discordant, Unusual, and Borderline Results. Surg Pathol Clin 2018; 11:147-176. [PMID: 29413654 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ancillary testing in breast cancer has become standard of care to determine what therapies may be most effective for individual patients with breast cancer. Single-marker tests are required on all newly diagnosed and newly metastatic breast cancers. Markers of proliferation are also used, and include both single-marker tests like Ki67 as well as panel-based gene expression tests, which have made more recent contributions to prognostic and predictive testing in breast cancers. This review focuses on pathologist interpretation of these ancillary test results, with a focus on expected versus unexpected results and troubleshooting borderline, unusual, or discordant results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Allison
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane 235, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu Y, Meng Q, Yang Z, Shi L, Hu R, Zhang P, Wei J, Ren J, Leng B, Xu D, Jiang GQ. Circulating HER-2 mRNA in the peripheral blood as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in females with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3726-3734. [PMID: 30127983 PMCID: PMC6096115 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer worldwide, and a lack of defined biomarkers for early prognostication contributes to its high associated mortality rate, especially in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer. In the present study, HER-2 mRNA levels in patients were detected prior to surgery and during neoadjuvant chemotherapy to explore its potential diagnostic and prognostic value. Blood samples were collected from 70 patients with breast cancer, including 50 HER-2-negative and 20 HER-2-positive patients, prior to and following surgery (postoperative, n=13; neoadjuvant chemotherapy, n=5); the control group included 35 samples from healthy individuals. The relative mRNA level of HER-2 in blood was determined by one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HER-2 expression curves of measurements taken during neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared with the tumor size. A significant difference in the blood HER-2 mRNA level was observed between healthy women and patients with breast cancer (P<0.0001). A cutoff value of 1.512 was established for the circulating HER-2 level in healthy subjects based on the upper 95% confidence interval value of samples from the control group. The level of HER-2 mRNA in blood was associated with the HER-2 status, Ki-67 expression, and lymphovascular invasion in primary tumor tissue samples; however, there was no association with the lymph node status, tumor stage, tumor grade, tumor size, patient age, estrogen or progesterone receptor status of the primary tumor. HER-2 mRNA levels were associated with the response rate, as determined by primary tumor size, in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, baseline and early changes in peripheral blood HER-2 mRNA indicated that HER-2 mRNA may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer and a prognostic marker for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Qiping Meng
- GenePharma Limited Liability Company, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, P.R. China
| | - Zhixue Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Lili Shi
- GenePharma Limited Liability Company, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, P.R. China
| | - Rongkuan Hu
- GenePharma Limited Liability Company, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, P.R. China
| | - Peizhuo Zhang
- GenePharma Limited Liability Company, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Bingjing Leng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Feng Y, Spezia M, Huang S, Yuan C, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Ji X, Liu W, Huang B, Luo W, Liu B, Lei Y, Du S, Vuppalapati A, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Ren G. Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis. Genes Dis 2018; 5:77-106. [PMID: 30258937 PMCID: PMC6147049 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast. While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers, genetic predisposition, most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, is an important causative factor for this malignancy. Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast, such as the ducts, the lobules, or the tissue in between. Within the large group of diverse breast carcinomas, there are various denoted types of breast cancer based on their invasiveness relative to the primary tumor sites. It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications. As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level, it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells. Normal breast development and mammary stem cells are regulated by several signaling pathways, such as estrogen receptors (ERs), HER2, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which control stem cell proliferation, cell death, cell differentiation, and cell motility. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer, especially for triple-negative breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mia Spezia
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shifeng Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Three Gorges University School of Medicine, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linghuan Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ji
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yan Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Scott Du
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Student Inquiry Research Program, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA), Aurora, IL 60506, USA
| | - Akhila Vuppalapati
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Student Inquiry Research Program, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA), Aurora, IL 60506, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, Departments of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burn, and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
CHARACTERISTICS OF CD68 + AND CD163 + INFILTRATION WITH MACROPHAGES OF THE PRIMARY FOCUS AND METASTATIC INJURIES OF REGIONAL LYMPH NODES IN LUMINAL INVASIVE CARCINOMAS OF THE MAMMARY GLAND DEPENDING ON THEIR IMMUNOPHENOTYPE. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2018-4-66-15-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
36
|
Martin ACBM, Fuzer AM, Becceneri AB, da Silva JA, Tomasin R, Denoyer D, Kim SH, McIntyre KA, Pearson HB, Yeo B, Nagpal A, Ling X, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Vieira PC, Cominetti MR, Pouliot N. [10]-gingerol induces apoptosis and inhibits metastatic dissemination of triple negative breast cancer in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72260-72271. [PMID: 29069785 PMCID: PMC5641128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of non-toxic natural products for the treatment of various pathologies, including cancer. In particular, biologically active constituents of the ginger oleoresin (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) have been shown to mediate anti-tumour activity and to contribute to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiemetic properties of ginger. Here we report on the inhibitory properties of [10]-gingerol against metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in vitro and in vivo. We show that [10]-gingerol concentration-dependently induces apoptotic death in mouse and human TNBC cell lines in vitro. In addition, [10]-gingerol is well tolerated in vivo, induces a marked increase in caspase-3 activation and inhibits orthotopic tumour growth in a syngeneic mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis. Importantly, using both spontaneous and experimental metastasis assays, we show for the first time that [10]-gingerol significantly inhibits metastasis to multiple organs including lung, bone and brain. Remarkably, inhibition of brain metastasis was observed even when treatment was initiated after surgical removal of the primary tumour. Taken together, these results indicate that [10]-gingerol may be a safe and useful complementary therapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and warrant further investigation of its efficacy, either alone or in combination with standard systemic therapies, in pre-clinical models of metastatic breast cancer and in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina M Fuzer
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Becceneri
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rebeka Tomasin
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- Metals in Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology and University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine A McIntyre
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, UK
| | - Belinda Yeo
- Matrix Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Aadya Nagpal
- Matrix Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Xiawei Ling
- Department of Pathology and University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Paulo Cézar Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Normand Pouliot
- Department of Pathology and University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Matrix Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hou Y, Zynger DL, Li X, Li Z. Comparison of Oncotype DX With Modified Magee Equation Recurrence Scores in Low-Grade Invasive Carcinoma of Breast. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 148:167-172. [PMID: 28898988 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several specific histologic types of invasive carcinoma of breast, including invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC), invasive mucinous carcinoma (IMC), and classical invasive lobular carcinoma (CILC), are considered low-grade carcinomas with favorable outcomes. We aimed to investigate the utility of Oncotype DX test in these tumors by comparing its recurrence score (RS) with the modified Magee equation RS. METHODS Oncotype DX RSs were collected and modified Magee equation RSs were calculated in 163 low-grade invasive breast carcinomas, including 105 CILCs, 41 ITCs, and 17 IMCs. RESULTS In total, 105 (64.4%) cases had an Oncotype DX RS less than 18, 56 (34.4%) were between 18 and 30, and two (1.2%) were more than 30. Of the cases, 124 (76.1%) had a modified Magee RS less than 18, 39 (23.9%) were between 18 and 30, and no case was more than 30. The overall agreement between Oncotype DX RS and modified Magee RS risk categories was 68.7%. Two CILCs with an Oncotype DX RS more than 30 had modified Magee equation RSs of 20.3 and 20.0, respectively, and both had not shown recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS Performing Oncotype DX on low-grade invasive carcinomas is unlikely to provide additional useful information beyond Magee equation RS, and eliminating Oncotype DX from these cases could lead to substantial cost savings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Debra L Zynger
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brufsky AM. Long-term management of patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: Concepts for sequential and combination endocrine-based therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 59:22-32. [PMID: 28719836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for hormone receptor-positive (HR-positive) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) continue to increase in parallel with expanding knowledge about the complex biology of breast cancer subtypes and resistance mechanisms to endocrine therapy. For patients with HR-positive MBC, there are now an unprecedented number of endocrine-based treatment options that can improve long-term outcomes, while preserving or optimizing quality of life, and that can be used before selecting more cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens. In addition to antiestrogens, steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors, the selective estrogen-receptor degrader, fulvestrant, and new endocrine-based combinations provide significant and clinically meaningful improvements in outcomes in the first line setting and beyond. Also, new clinical scenarios and indications for monotherapy endocrine and targeted therapies continue to be explored. Patients have several therapeutic options when their disease progresses or becomes resistant, although the optimal sequencing of these therapies remains unclear. Ongoing research in the resistant/refractory setting is anticipated to continue improving the outlook for these patients. This review will discuss current and investigational approaches to sequential single-agent endocrine and endocrine-based combination therapy for the long-term management of patients with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative MBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 300 Halket Street, Suite 4628, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hou Y, Tozbikian G, Zynger DL, Li Z. Using the Modified Magee Equation to Identify Patients Unlikely to Benefit From the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay (Oncotype DX Assay). Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 147:541-548. [PMID: 28449064 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare a modified Magee equation with Oncotype DX (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) recurrence score (RS) and identify patients who are unlikely to benefit from Oncotype DX. METHODS Magee equation RS was calculated in 438 cases and correlated with Oncotype DX RS. RESULTS The Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) for the Magee equation and Oncotype DX RS was 0.6645 ( P < .00001), and the overall agreement was 66.4%. All cases (11.6%) with a Magee equation RS greater than 30 or 11 or less had been correctly predicted to have either high Oncotype DX RS or low Oncotype DX RS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The modified Magee equation is able to identify up to 12% patients who are unlikely to benefit from Oncotype DX testing. Using the modified Magee equation RS on these patients would be an alternative to Oncotype DX, leading to cost savings.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Female
- Genomics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
- Risk Assessment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Hou
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Gary Tozbikian
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Debra L Zynger
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Zaibo Li
- From the Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is a well-described target in breast cancer and multiple clinical trials examining insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor have been completed. Unfortunately, monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor failed in phase III breast clinical trials for several reasons. First, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antibody therapy resulted in hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome most likely due to disruption of insulin-like growth factor-1 homeostasis and subsequent growth hormone elevation. Growth hormone elevation induces insulin resistance, hence a subsequent elevation of insulin and the potential for activation of insulin receptor. Second, the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor are highly homologous in amino acid sequence, structure, and function. These two receptors bind insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-2, to regulate glucose uptake and other cellular functions. Hybrid receptors composed of one chain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor also participate in signaling. Third, since all the monoclonal antibodies were specific for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, any pathophysiologic role for insulin receptor was not inhibited. While the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively inhibited both insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor, these drugs are not being further developed likely due to their metabolic toxicities. Insulin-like growth factor-1/2 neutralizing antibodies are still being studied in early phase clinical trials. Perhaps a more comprehensive strategy of targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor network would be successful. For example, targeting receptor, ligand and downstream signaling molecules such as phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase or particularly the insulin receptor substrate adapter proteins might result in a complete blockade of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roudy Chiminch Ekyalongo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Widodo I, Dwianingsih EK, Anwar SL, Fx Ediati T, Utoro T, Aryandono T, Soeripto. Prognostic Value of Clinicopathological Factors for Indonesian Breast Carcinomas of Different Molecular Subtypes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1251-1256. [PMID: 28610410 PMCID: PMC5555531 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.5.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast carcinoma (BC) is a heterogeneous disease due to its different molecular profiles i.e. luminal (luminal A and luminal B) and non-luminal (HER2 positive and triple negative) subtypes. Prognostic value of clinicopathological factors of Indonesian BC of different molecular subtypes has never been reported previously. This study aims to elaborate prognostic impacts on Indonesian BCs focusing on separate molecular subtypes. Methods: A hundred and fifty cases of invasive BC, stage I-IIIA, in Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia, were stained using anti ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67 antibodies. Survival and prognostic values were statistically analyzed. Results: Compared to the luminal subtypes, the non-luminal subtypes demonstrated higher proportions of intermediate-to-high grade, stage IIIA, positive lymph node infiltration and mortality. The triple negative subtype was typically intermediate-to-high grade, stage IIIA and with a high relative death risk. Luminal A lesions were characteristically low grade, stage I-II and less likely to cause death. Conclusion: In non-luminal BC, staging and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors for survival in HER2 positive and triple negative subtypes, respectively. In luminal BC, clinicopathological factors demonstrated no influence on survival. This study suggests that staging and lymph node metastasis are correlated with survival in non-luminal Indonesian BCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irianiwati Widodo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mota ADL, Evangelista AF, Macedo T, Oliveira R, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Vieira RA, Marques MMC. Molecular characterization of breast cancer cell lines by clinical immunohistochemical markers. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4708-4712. [PMID: 28588725 PMCID: PMC5452907 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in females worldwide. Studies based on gene expression profiles have identified different breast cancer molecular subtypes, such as luminal A and B cells, cancer cells that are estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-enriched cells, cancer cells that exhibit an overexpression of the oncogene HER2, and triple-negative cells, cancer cells that are negative for ER, PR and HER2 expression. Immunohistochemistry is the most common type of method used for the identification of these molecular subtypes, through the identification of specific cell receptors. The present study aimed to evaluate the ER, PR and HER2 receptor expression in human breast cancer cell lines, and to classify the corresponding molecular subtype comparing two alternative methods. In the present study, a panel of human mammary carcinoma cell lines: BT-20; Hs578T; MCF-7; MCF-7/AZ; MDA-MB-231; MDA-MB-468; SKBR3; and T47D were used. Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemistry assays were used to characterize the breast cancer subtypes of these cell lines according to the expression of ER, PR and HER2 receptors. The results revealed the molecular characterization of this panel of breast cancer cell lines, using the differential expression of classical and clinically used markers in concordance with previous studies. In addition, these data are important for additional in vitro studies of these specific receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André de Lima Mota
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil
| | - Adriane Feijo Evangelista
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil
| | - Taciane Macedo
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil
| | - Renato Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil
| | - René Aloisio Vieira
- Department of Mastology and Breast Reconstruction, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria Chiquitelli Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14.784-400, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences (FACISB), Barretos, São Paulo 14.785-002, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kővári B, Vranic S, Marchio C, Sapino A, Cserni G. The expression of GHRH and its receptors in breast carcinomas with apocrine differentiation-further evidence of the presence of a GHRH pathway in these tumors. Hum Pathol 2017; 64:164-170. [PMID: 28438614 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apocrine breast carcinomas were evaluated for the expression of components of the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) autocrine/paracrine pathway: GHRH and its receptors (GHRH-R), as mammary apocrine carcinomas and epithelium seemed to be uniformly positive for GHRH-R in a pilot study. The apocrine phenotype was determined on the basis of hematoxylin-eosin morphology and a congruent immunohistochemical profile (estrogen receptor negativity, androgen receptor and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 positivity). Thirty-five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded apocrine breast cancers in tissue microarrays and 24 cases using whole-tissue sections were evaluated for GHRH-R and GHRH expression by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies raised against various domains of GHRH-R and one polyclonal antibody specific for GHRH. GHRH-R positivity was detected in the overwhelming majority (ranging from 90% to 100%) of apocrine breast carcinomas with all but one of the antibodies applied. The expression was usually diffuse with only isolated cases showing positivity in less than 50% of tumor cells. With the PA5-33583 antibody, GHRH-R positivity was seen only in 73% of the cases in at least 50% of the tumor cells. GHRH expression was also present in all but one case tested, with more than 50% of the cells expressing it in 30/34 cases. These results support a high rate of GHRH-R and GHRH expression in apocrine breast carcinomas. Whether these findings can be exploited for the targeted treatment of apocrine breast carcinomas with GHRH antagonists requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Kővári
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Semir Vranic
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Caterina Marchio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Pathology Unit, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Pathology Unit, 10126 Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo (To), Italy
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Özmen V. Paradigm Shift From Halstedian Radical Mastectomy to Personalized Medicine. THE JOURNAL OF BREAST HEALTH 2017; 13:50-53. [PMID: 31244529 DOI: 10.5152/tjbh.2017.312017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer management changed from radical mastectomy to precision medicine in a period longer than a century. The aims of these changes were to refrain from overdiagnoses and overtreatments as well as their harmful side effects and extra costs. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and characterized by many morphological, clinical and molecular features. We now increasingly realise that a one-size-fits-all strategy does not apply to all breast cancer patients. Personalized medicine may be used for breast cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment. Individualized screening can decrease the number of unnecessary mammograms, additional radiologic studies, breast biopsies and false positivity rates. However, additional 15 to 20 years are necessary to reach the results of prospective randomized trials comparing low-risk and normal-risk women. We also should wait for outcomes of risk-based screening trials. The rates of overtreatment in patients with early-stage breast cancer have reached 40% in many studies. Personalized treatment has succeeded in reducing it substantially by using tumour genetic profiling and tumour receptors in early breast cancer patients. However, it has its limits and it is impossible to generalize it to all patients. New biomarkers and molecular classifications have also led to the development of novel therapies and treatment strategies. And, they can contribute to a more personalized management of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahit Özmen
- Department of General Surgery, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mungle T, Tewary S, Arun I, Basak B, Agarwal S, Ahmed R, Chatterjee S, Maity AK, Chakraborty C. Automated characterization and counting of Ki-67 protein for breast cancer prognosis: A quantitative immunohistochemistry approach. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 139:149-161. [PMID: 28187885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ki-67 protein expression plays an important role in predicting the proliferative status of tumour cells and deciding the future course of therapy in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) determination of Ki-67 score or labelling index, by estimating the fraction of Ki67 positively stained tumour cells, is the most widely practiced method to assess tumour proliferation (Dowsett et al. 2011). Accurate manual counting of these cells (specifically nuclei) due to complex and dense distribution of cells, therefore, becomes critical and presents a major challenge to pathologists. In this paper, we suggest a hybrid clustering algorithm to quantify the proliferative index of breast cancer cells based on automated counting of Ki-67 nuclei. The proposed methodology initially pre-processes the IHC images of Ki-67 stained slides of breast cancer. The RGB images are converted to grey, L*a*b*, HSI, YCbCr, YIQ and XYZ colour space. All the stained cells are then characterized by two stage segmentation process. Fuzzy C-means quantifies all the stained cells as one cluster. The blue channel of the first stage output is given as input to k-means algorithm, which provides separate cluster for Ki-67 positive and negative cells. The count of positive and negative nuclei is used to calculate the F-measure for each colour space. A comparative study of our work with the expert opinion is studied to evaluate the error rate. The positive and negative nuclei detection results for all colour spaces are compared with the ground truth for validation and F-measure is calculated. The F-measure for L*a*b* colour space (0.8847) provides the best statistical result as compared to grey, HSI, YCbCr, YIQ and XYZ colour space. Further, a study is carried out to count nuclei manually and automatically from the proposed algorithm with an average error rate of 6.84% which is significant. The study provides an automated count of positive and negative nuclei using L*a*b*colour space and hybrid segmentation technique. Computerized evaluation of proliferation index can aid pathologist in assessing breast cancer severity. The proposed methodology, further, has the potential advantage of saving time and assisting in decision making over the present manual procedure and could evolve as an assistive pathological decision support system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Mungle
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Tewary
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Indu Arun
- Tata Medical Center, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijan Basak
- Tata Medical Center, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjit Agarwal
- Tata Medical Center, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rosina Ahmed
- Tata Medical Center, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Chatterjee
- Tata Medical Center, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asok Kumar Maity
- Midnapur Medical College and Hospital, Midnapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Chakraborty
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Heng YJ, Lester SC, Tse GM, Factor RE, Allison KH, Collins LC, Chen YY, Jensen KC, Johnson NB, Jeong JC, Punjabi R, Shin SJ, Singh K, Krings G, Eberhard DA, Tan PH, Korski K, Waldman FM, Gutman DA, Sanders M, Reis-Filho JS, Flanagan SR, Gendoo DM, Chen GM, Haibe-Kains B, Ciriello G, Hoadley KA, Perou CM, Beck AH. The molecular basis of breast cancer pathological phenotypes. J Pathol 2016; 241:375-391. [PMID: 27861902 DOI: 10.1002/path.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The histopathological evaluation of morphological features in breast tumours provides prognostic information to guide therapy. Adjunct molecular analyses provide further diagnostic, prognostic and predictive information. However, there is limited knowledge of the molecular basis of morphological phenotypes in invasive breast cancer. This study integrated genomic, transcriptomic and protein data to provide a comprehensive molecular profiling of morphological features in breast cancer. Fifteen pathologists assessed 850 invasive breast cancer cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Morphological features were significantly associated with genomic alteration, DNA methylation subtype, PAM50 and microRNA subtypes, proliferation scores, gene expression and/or reverse-phase protein assay subtype. Marked nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, inflammation and a high mitotic count were associated with the basal-like subtype, and had a similar molecular basis. Omics-based signatures were constructed to predict morphological features. The association of morphology transcriptome signatures with overall survival in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer was first assessed by use of the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) dataset; signatures that remained prognostic in the METABRIC multivariate analysis were further evaluated in five additional datasets. The transcriptomic signature of poorly differentiated epithelial tubules was prognostic in ER-positive breast cancer. No signature was prognostic in ER-negative breast cancer. This study provided new insights into the molecular basis of breast cancer morphological phenotypes. The integration of morphological with molecular data has the potential to refine breast cancer classification, predict response to therapy, enhance our understanding of breast cancer biology, and improve clinical management. This work is publicly accessible at www.dx.ai/tcga_breast. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing J Heng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan C Lester
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Mk Tse
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel E Factor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kimberly H Allison
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin C Jensen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nicole B Johnson
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahi Punjabi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra J Shin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gregor Krings
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Eberhard
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Konstanty Korski
- Department of Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Frederic M Waldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melinda Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney R Flanagan
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deena Ma Gendoo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory M Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Paranjpe A, Bailey NI, Konduri S, Bobustuc GC, Ali-Osman F, Yusuf MA, Punganuru SR, Madala HR, Basak D, Mostofa A, Srivenugopal KS. New insights into estrogenic regulation of O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) in human breast cancer cells: Co-degradation of ER-α and MGMT proteins by fulvestrant or O6-benzylguanine indicates fresh avenues for therapy. J Biomed Res 2016; 30:393-410. [PMID: 27845303 PMCID: PMC5044712 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20160040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy using estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) antagonists for attenuating horm2one-driven cell proliferation is a major treatment modality for breast cancers. To exploit any DNA repair deficiencies associated with endocrine therapy, we investigated the functional and physical interactions of ER-α with O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a unique DNA repair protein that confers tumor resistance to various anticancer alkylating agents. The ER-α -positive breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D) and ER- negative cell lines (MDAMB-468, MDAMB-231), and established inhibitors of ER-α and MGMT, namely, ICI-182,780 (Faslodex) and O6-benzylguanine, respectively, were used to study MGMT- ER interactions. The MGMT gene promoter was found to harbor one full and two half estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) and two antioxidant-responsive elements (AREs). MGMT expression was upregulated by estrogen, downregulated by tamoxifen in Western blot and promoter-linked reporter assays. Similarly, both transient and stable transfections of Nrf-2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2) increased the levels of MGMT protein and activity 3 to 4-fold reflecting novel regulatory nodes for this drug-resistance determinant. Of the different ER-α antagonists tested, the pure anti-estrogen fulvestrant was most potent in inhibiting the MGMT activity in a dose, time and ER-α dependent manner, similar to O6-benzylguanine. Interestingly, fulvestrant exposure led to a degradation of both ER-α and MGMT proteins and O6-benzylguanine also induced a specific loss of ER-α and MGMT proteins in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells with similar kinetics. Immunoprecipitation revealed a specific association of ER-α and MGMT proteins in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, silencing of MGMT gene expression triggered a decrease in the levels of both MGMT and ER-α proteins. The involvement of proteasome in the drug-induced degradation of both proteins was also demonstrated. Fulvestrant enhanced the cytotoxicity of MGMT-targeted alkylating agents, namely, temozolomide and BCNU by 3 to 4-fold in ER-α positive cells, but not in ER-negative cells. We conclude that MGMT and ER-α proteins exist as a complex and are co-targeted for ubiquitin-conjugation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The findings offer a clear rationale for combining alkylating agents with endocrine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Paranjpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Nathan I Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Santhi Konduri
- Neuro-Oncology Section, Aurora Advanced Cancer Care, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
| | - George C Bobustuc
- Neuro-Oncology Section, Aurora Advanced Cancer Care, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
| | - Francis Ali-Osman
- Department of Surgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mohd A Yusuf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Surendra R Punganuru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Hanumantha Rao Madala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Debasish Basak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Agm Mostofa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Kalkunte S Srivenugopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Naik R, Veldore VH, Gopinath KS. Genetics and Breast Cancer - Oncologists Perspectives. Indian J Surg Oncol 2016; 6:415-9. [PMID: 27065667 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-016-0491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The clinical outcomes of which, have improved in the past decade, primarily due early diagnosis and multimodal management. Understanding of the disease biology with findings from omics-based research and molecular genetic characterization of the disease has been an important component of the therapy in the past 10 years. There is a need to understand the variations in individuals at the molecular level to enable in sub-classification of the different disease phenotypes and if possible to tailor the treatment to the patient. This article attempts to review the beneficial role of genetics in various facets of breast cancer management, in modern scientific medicine.
Collapse
|
50
|
Behavioral Interventions to Enhance Adherence to Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Literature Review. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 16:247-255.e3. [PMID: 27133733 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant hormone therapy contributes to reductions in recurrence and mortality for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, adherence to hormone therapy is suboptimal. This is the first systematic literature review examining interventions aimed at improving hormone therapy adherence. Researchers followed the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed-Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Ovid-Medline, and EMBASE were searched for behavioral interventions that aimed to enhance adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors. A total of 376 articles were screened for eligibility. Five articles met the study criteria. All interventions presented adherence outcomes after 1-year follow-up. None significantly enhanced adherence compared to the usual care in the primary analysis (odds ratios ranged from 1.03 to 2.06 for adherence and from 1.11 to 1.18 for persistence). All studies targeted patients, and only 3 studies included postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Three tested the same intervention consisting of educational materials. Only one was conducted in the United States. Only one reported participants' ethnicity. Overall, it was unclear whether the studies contained bias. The use of different terminology and operationalization of adherence made comparisons challenging. Interventions to improve adherence to adjuvant hormone therapy in US breast cancer populations that include survivors who are ethnically diverse, premenopausal, and receiving tamoxifen therapy are necessary to inform future interventions. Adoption of consistent adherence definitions/measurements will provide a clearer framework to consolidate aggregate findings. Given the limited efficacy of tested interventions, it is important to engage oncologists and researchers to develop approaches that target different components associated with hormone therapy adherence, such as doctor-patient communication or social support.
Collapse
|