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Binder AK, Bremm F, Dörrie J, Schaft N. Non-Coding RNA in Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells-Function and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7275. [PMID: 39000381 PMCID: PMC11242727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA world is wide, and besides mRNA, there is a variety of other RNA types, such as non-coding (nc)RNAs, which harbor various intracellular regulatory functions. This review focuses on small interfering (si)RNA and micro (mi)RNA, which form a complex network regulating mRNA translation and, consequently, gene expression. In fact, these RNAs are critically involved in the function and phenotype of all cells in the human body, including malignant cells. In cancer, the two main targets for therapy are dysregulated cancer cells and dysfunctional immune cells. To exploit the potential of mi- or siRNA therapeutics in cancer therapy, a profound understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RNAs and following targeted intervention is needed to re-program cancer cells and immune cell functions in vivo. The first part focuses on the function of less well-known RNAs, including siRNA and miRNA, and presents RNA-based technologies. In the second part, the therapeutic potential of these technologies in treating cancer is discussed, with particular attention on manipulating tumor-associated immune cells, especially tumor-associated myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Katharina Binder
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Bremm
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Roshan-Zamir M, Khademolhosseini A, Rajalingam K, Ghaderi A, Rajalingam R. The genomic landscape of the immune system in lung cancer: present insights and continuing investigations. Front Genet 2024; 15:1414487. [PMID: 38983267 PMCID: PMC11231382 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1414487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, contributing to over a million cancer-related deaths annually. Despite extensive research investigating the genetic factors associated with lung cancer susceptibility and prognosis, few studies have explored genetic predispositions regarding the immune system. This review discusses the most recent genomic findings related to the susceptibility to or protection against lung cancer, patient survival, and therapeutic responses. The results demonstrated the effect of immunogenetic variations in immune system-related genes associated with innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine, and chemokine secretions, and signaling pathways. These genetic diversities may affect the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer progression, invasion, and prognosis. Given the considerable variability in the individual immunegenomics profiles, future studies should prioritize large-scale analyses to identify potential genetic variations associated with lung cancer using highthroughput technologies across different populations. This approach will provide further information for predicting response to targeted therapy and promotes the development of new measures for individualized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Roshan-Zamir
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Khademolhosseini
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kavi Rajalingam
- Cowell College, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Spinner MA, Advani RH. Emerging immunotherapies in the Hodgkin lymphoma armamentarium. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38676917 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2349083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brentuximab vedotin and PD-1 inhibitors have improved outcomes for classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but better therapies are needed for patients who relapse after these agents. Based on an improved understanding of cHL biology, there is a robust pipeline of novel therapies in development. In this review, we highlight emerging immunotherapeutic agents and combinations for cHL. AREAS COVERED We review clinical trials of novel PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors beyond FDA-approved agents, checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, and CD47/SIRPα, PD-1 inhibitor combinations with immunomodulatory agents and epigenetic modifying therapies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and cellular therapies including anti-CD30 CAR-T and allogeneic NK cell therapy. We review the key safety and efficacy data from published phase 1-2 studies and highlight trials in progress, including the first phase 3 trial for PD-1 inhibitor-refractory cHL. EXPERT OPINION Many novel immunotherapies hold great promise in cHL. Rational combinations with existing agents and next-generation antibody and CAR-T constructs may improve response rates and durability. Identifying biomarkers of response to these immunotherapies and using more sensitive tools to assess response, such as circulating tumor DNA, may further inform treatment decisions and enable a precision medicine approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Spinner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ranjana H Advani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Yu M, Wu Y, Li Q, Hong W, Yang Y, Hu X, Yang Y, Lu T, Zhao X, Wei X. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibition combined with paclitaxel exerts effective antitumor effects in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100989. [PMID: 38303927 PMCID: PMC10831816 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the tumor with the highest mortality among gynecological malignancies. Studies have confirmed that paclitaxel chemoresistance is associated with increased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the microenvironment. Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R) plays a key role in regulating the number and differentiation of macrophages in certain solid tumors. There are few reports on the effects of targeted inhibition of CSF-1R in combination with chemotherapy on ovarian cancer and the tumor microenvironment. Here, we explored the antitumor efficacy and possible mechanisms of the CSF - 1R inhibitor pexidartinib (PLX3397) when combined with the first-line chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel in the treatment of ovarian cancer. We found that CSF-1R is highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells and correlates with poor prognosis. Treatment by PLX3397 in combination with paclitaxel significantly inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Blockade of CSF-1R altered the macrophage phenotype and reprogrammed the immunosuppressive cell population in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Yu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qingfang Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Dang BTN, Kwon TK, Lee S, Jeong JH, Yook S. Nanoparticle-based immunoengineering strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 365:773-800. [PMID: 38081328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking strategy that has revolutionized the field of oncology compared to other therapeutic strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, cancer complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape have become the main hurdles to the clinical application of immunotherapy. Moreover, conventional immunotherapies cause many harmful side effects owing to hyperreactivity in patients, long treatment durations and expensive cost. Nanotechnology is considered a transformative approach that enhances the potency of immunotherapy by capitalizing on the superior physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, creating highly targeted tissue delivery systems. These advantageous features include a substantial specific surface area, which enhances the interaction with the immune system. In addition, the capability to finely modify surface chemistry enables the achievement of controlled and sustained release properties. These advances have significantly increased the potential of immunotherapy, making it more powerful than ever before. In this review, we introduce recent nanocarriers for application in cancer immunotherapy based on strategies that target different main immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. We also provide an overview of the role and significance of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Kurdi M, Mulla N, Malibary H, Bamaga AK, Fadul MM, Faizo E, Hakamy S, Baeesa S. Immune microenvironment of medulloblastoma: The association between its molecular subgroups and potential targeted immunotherapeutic receptors. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:117-130. [PMID: 37009528 PMCID: PMC10052334 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is considered the commonest malignant brain tumor in children. Multimodal treatments consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved patients’ survival. Nevertheless, the recurrence occurs in 30% of cases. The persistent mortality rates, the failure of current therapies to extend life expectancy, and the serious complications of non-targeted cytotoxic treatment indicate the need for more refined therapeutic approaches. Most MBs originating from the neurons of external granular layer line the outer surface of neocerebellum and responsible for the afferent and efferent connections. Recently, MBs have been segregated into four molecular subgroups: Wingless-activated (WNT-MB) (Group 1); Sonic-hedgehog-activated (SHH-MB) (Group 2); Group 3 and 4 MBs. These molecular alterations follow specific gene mutations and disease-risk stratifications. The current treatment protocols and ongoing clinical trials against these molecular subgroups are still using common chemotherapeutic agents by which their efficacy have improved the progression-free survival but did not change the overall survival. However, the need to explore new therapies targeting specific receptors in MB microenvironment became essential. The immune microenvironment of MBs consists of distinctive cellular heterogeneities including immune cells and none-immune cells. Tumour associate macrophage and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte are considered the main principal cells in tumour microenvironment, and their role are still under investigation. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of interaction between MB cells and immune cells in the microenvironment, with an overview of the recent investigations and clinical trials
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
- Neuromuscular Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Mulla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Malibary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz M Fadul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Faizo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabuk University, Tabuk 213733, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Hakamy
- Neurmuscular Unit, Center of Excellence of Genomic Medicine, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Cao J, Chow L, Dow S. Strategies to overcome myeloid cell induced immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116016. [PMID: 37114134 PMCID: PMC10126309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and metastasis due to tumor immune evasion and drug resistance is strongly associated with immune suppressive cellular responses, particularly in the case of metastatic tumors. The myeloid cell component plays a key role within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and disrupts both adaptive and innate immune cell responses leading to loss of tumor control. Therefore, strategies to eliminate or modulate the myeloid cell compartment of the TME are increasingly attractive to non-specifically increase anti-tumoral immunity and enhance existing immunotherapies. This review covers current strategies targeting myeloid suppressor cells in the TME to enhance anti-tumoral immunity, including strategies that target chemokine receptors to deplete selected immune suppressive myeloid cells and relieve the inhibition imposed on the effector arms of adaptive immunity. Remodeling the TME can in turn improve the activity of other immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapies in immunologically "cold" tumors. When possible, in this review, we have provided evidence and outcomes from recent or current clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of the specific strategies used to target myeloid cells in the TME. The review seeks to provide a broad overview of how myeloid cell targeting can become a key foundational approach to an overall strategy for improving tumor responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cao
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven Dow,
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Xiong X, Xie X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang L. Tumor-associated macrophages in lymphoma: From mechanisms to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wang X, Zhang J, Hu B, Qian F. High Expression of CSF-1R Predicts Poor Prognosis and CSF-1R high Tumor-Associated Macrophages Inhibit Anti-Tumor Immunity in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850767. [PMID: 35444953 PMCID: PMC9014714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) is a single channel III transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and plays an important role in immune regulation and the development of various cancer types. The expression of CSF-1R in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and its prognostic value remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we aim to explore the prognostic value of CSF-1R in COAD and its relationship with tumor immunity. Methods CSF-1R expression in a COAD cohort containing 103 patients was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between CSF-1R expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was evaluated. Dual immunofluorescence staining was conducted to determine the localization of CSF-1R in COAD tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate independent prognostic factors. Transcriptomic profiles of CSF-1Rhigh and CSF-1Rlow tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were investigated. Gene enrichment analysis was used to explore the signal pathways related to CSF-1R. In addition, the relationship between CSF-1R in tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor immunity was also studied. Results IHC analysis showed that CSF-1R was overexpressed in COAD, and higher expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS). Immunofluorescence staining showed that CSF-1R was co-localized with macrophage marker CD68. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CSF-1R was an independent prognostic factor for COAD. The results of gene enrichment analysis showed that CSF-1R was involved in tumor immune response and regulation of TME. In addition, CSF-1R was significantly correlated with TME, immune cell infiltration, TMB, MSI, Neoantigen, and immune checkpoint molecules. Conclusion CSF-1R can serve as an independent prognostic factor of COAD and promising immunotherapeutic target of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Baoying Hu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Kielbik M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Reasons to Be Cheerful, Reasons to Be Fearful. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:107-140. [PMID: 35165862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving entity that consists not only of cancer cells, but also of resident host cells and immune-infiltrating cells, among which macrophages are significant components, due to their diversity of functions through which they can influence the immune response against tumor cells. Macrophages present in tumor environment are termed as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are strongly plastic cells, and depending on the TME stimuli (i.e., cytokines, chemokines), TAMs polarize to antitumoral (M1-like TAMs) or protumoral (M2-like TAMs) phenotype. Both types of TAMs differ in the surface receptors' expression, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and ability of production and various metabolites release. At the early stage of tumor formation, TAMs are M1-like phenotype, and they are able to eliminate tumor cells, i.e., by reactive oxygen species formation or by presentation of cancer antigens to other effector immune cells. However, during tumor progression, TAMs M2-like phenotype is dominating. They mainly contribute to angiogenesis, stromal remodeling, enhancement of tumor cells migration and invasion, and immunosuppression. This wide variety of TAMs' functions makes them an excellent subject for use in developing antitumor therapies which mainly is based on three strategies: TAMs' elimination, reprograming, or recruitment inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Tan Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Ge S, Zhong F, Xia G, Sun C. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:693517. [PMID: 34178692 PMCID: PMC8222665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, an important class of innate immune cells that maintain body homeostasis and ward off foreign pathogens, exhibit a high degree of plasticity and play a supportive role in different tissues and organs. Thus, dysfunction of macrophages may contribute to advancement of several diseases, including cancer. Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment are known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which typically promote cancer cell initiation and proliferation, accelerate angiogenesis, and tame anti-tumor immunity to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Massive infiltration of TAMs or enrichment of TAM-related markers usually indicates cancer progression and a poor prognosis, and consequently tumor immunotherapies targeting TAMs have gained significant attention. Here, we review the interaction between TAMs and cancer cells, discuss the origin, differentiation and phenotype of TAMs, and highlight the role of TAMs in pro-cancer functions such as tumor initiation and development, invasive metastasis, and immunosuppression. Finally, we review therapies targeting TAMs, which are very promising therapeutic strategies for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tan
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyang Ge
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhong
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Xia
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyu Sun
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Chen Y, Jin H, Song Y, Huang T, Cao J, Tang Q, Zou Z. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages: A potential treatment for solid tumors. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3445-3465. [PMID: 33200401 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in solid tumors exert protumor activities by releasing cytokines or growth factors into the tumor microenvironment. Increasing studies have also shown that TAMs play a key role in tumor progression, such as tumor angiogenesis, immunosuppression, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. A large body of evidence shows that the abundance of TAMs in solid tumors is correlated with poor disease prognosis and resistance to therapies. Therefore, targeting TAMs in solid tumors is considered to be a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. At present, the therapeutic strategies of targeting macrophages mainly include limiting monocyte recruitment, depletion strategies, promoting macrophage phagocytic activity, and induction of macrophage reprogramming. Additionally, targeting TAMs in combination with conventional therapies has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic strategy in solid tumors. In the present review, we summarized various TAMs-targeting therapeutic strategies for treating solid tumors. This review also discusses the challenges for targeting TAMs as tumor treatments, the obstacles in clinical trials, and the perspective for the future development of TAMs-targeting therapies for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucen Song
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Zhang SY, Song XY, Li Y, Ye LL, Zhou Q, Yang WB. Tumor-associated macrophages: A promising target for a cancer immunotherapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105111. [PMID: 33065284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, a type of myeloid immune cell, play essential roles in fighting against pathogenic invasion and activating T cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. As a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment (TME), macrophages play a complex role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. They can inhibit tumor growth by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and exerting cytotoxic activities but principally contribute to tumor progression by promoting tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The tumor-promoting hallmarks of macrophages have aroused widespread interest in targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) for cancer immunotherapy. Increasing preclinical and clinical studies suggest that TAMs are a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. To date, TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies have mainly been divided into two kinds: inhibiting pro-tumor TAMs and activating anti-tumor TAMs. We reviewed the heterogeneous and plastic characteristics of macrophages in the TME and the feasible strategies to target TAMs in cancer immunotherapy and summarized the complementary effect of TAM-targeted therapy with traditional treatments or other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Wei-Bing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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14
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Liu M, Tong Z, Ding C, Luo F, Wu S, Wu C, Albeituni S, He L, Hu X, Tieri D, Rouchka EC, Hamada M, Takahashi S, Gibb AA, Kloecker G, Zhang HG, Bousamra M, Hill BG, Zhang X, Yan J. Transcription factor c-Maf is a checkpoint that programs macrophages in lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2081-2096. [PMID: 31945018 PMCID: PMC7108920 DOI: 10.1172/jci131335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been linked to tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. However, the transcriptional regulation of macrophages driving the protumor function remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor c-Maf is a critical controller for immunosuppressive macrophage polarization and function in cancer. c-Maf controls many M2-related genes and has direct binding sites within a conserved noncoding sequence of the Csf-1r gene and promotes M2-like macrophage-mediated T cell suppression and tumor progression. c-Maf also serves as a metabolic checkpoint regulating the TCA cycle and UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, thus promoting M2-like macrophage polarization and activation. Additionally, c-Maf is highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulates TAM immunosuppressive function. Deletion of c-Maf specifically in myeloid cells results in reduced tumor burden with enhanced antitumor T cell immunity. Inhibition of c-Maf partly overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in a subcutaneous LLC tumor model. Similarly, c-Maf is expressed in human M2 and tumor-infiltrating macrophages/monocytes as well as circulating monocytes of human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients and critically regulates their immunosuppressive activity. The natural compound β-glucan downregulates c-Maf expression on macrophages, leading to enhanced antitumor immunity in mice. These findings establish a paradigm for immunosuppressive macrophage polarization and transcriptional regulation by c-Maf and suggest that c-Maf is a potential target for effective tumor immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zan Tong
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Fengling Luo
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shouzhen Wu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Caijun Wu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David Tieri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, and
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michito Hamada
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Goetz Kloecker
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Huang-ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Michael Bousamra
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | - Jun Yan
- Division of Immunotherapy, Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
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15
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Is CSF1R Expression Localization Crucial for its Prognostic Value in Colorectal Cancer? Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:68-75. [PMID: 32118593 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is commonly known as a transmembrane receptor on tumor-associated macrophages, which are essential in the tumor microenvironment. However, the expression pattern and prognosis of CSF1R are still unknown in colorectal cancer (CRC) and are still controversial among various cancers. To clarify the expression pattern and prognosis of CSF1R in CRC, we performed immunohistochemistry on 332 CRC tissue and 283 nontumorous adjacent tissues. We explored the expression pattern of CSF1R and analyzed its relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis. The positive expression ratio of CSF1R was much higher in nontumorous adjacent tissues, while the positive cytomembrane ratio of CSF1R was much higher in cancer tissue. Furthermore, we found that CSF1R expression, especially in the cytoplasm, acted as a protective factor. However, our findings indicated that CSF1R expression on the cytomembrane decreased its prognostic predictive value. These results emphasize the important role of the localization of CSF1R and may also explain the contrasting effects seen between various cancers.
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16
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, including blood vessels,
immune cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, cytokines, hormones, and so on.
The TME differs from the normal tissue environment (NTE) in many aspects, such
as tissue architecture, chronic inflammation, level of oxygen and pH,
nutritional state of the cells, as well as tissue firmness. The NTE can inhibit
the growth of cancer at the early tumorigenesis phase, whereas the TME promotes
the growth of cancer in general, although it may have some anticancer effects.
In particular, the TME plays a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of
cancer stem cells, which lie at the root of cancer growth. Therefore,
normalization of the TME to the NTE may inhibit cancer growth or improve cancer
therapeutic efficiency. This review focuses on the recent emerging approaches
for this normalization and the action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- 1 Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- 2 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Current Strategies to Target Tumor-Associated-Macrophages to Improve Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010046. [PMID: 31878087 PMCID: PMC7017001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Established evidence demonstrates that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells promote rather than stop-cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundantly present at tumor sites, and here they support cancer proliferation and distant spreading, as well as contribute to an immune-suppressive milieu. Their pro-tumor activities hamper the response of cancer patients to conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and also to immunotherapies based on checkpoint inhibition. Active research frontlines of the last years have investigated novel therapeutic strategies aimed at depleting TAMs and/or at reprogramming their tumor-promoting effects, with the goal of re-establishing a favorable immunological anti-tumor response within the tumor tissue. In recent years, numerous clinical trials have included pharmacological strategies to target TAMs alone or in combination with other therapies. This review summarizes the past and current knowledge available on experimental tumor models and human clinical studies targeting TAMs for cancer treatment.
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18
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Post GR, Yuan Y, Holthoff ER, Quick CM, Post SR. Identification of a novel monocytic phenotype in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224621. [PMID: 31714922 PMCID: PMC6850552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) characteristically shows few malignant cells in a microenvironment comprised of mixed inflammatory cells. Although CHL is associated with a high cure rate, recent studies have associated poor prognosis with absolute monocyte count in peripheral blood and increased monocyte/macrophages in involved lymph nodes. Thus, the role of monocytic infiltration and macrophage differentiation in the tumor microenvironment of CHL may be more relevant than absolute macrophage numbers to defining prognosis in CHL patients and potentially have therapeutic implications. Most studies identify tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using markers (e.g., CD68) expressed by macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes, such as monocytes. In contrast, Class A Scavenger Receptor (SR-A/CD204) is expressed by tissue macrophages but not monocytic precursors. In this study, we examined SR-A expression in CHL (n = 43), and compared its expression with that of other macrophage markers. We confirmed a high prevalence of mononuclear cells that stained with CD68, CD163, and CD14 in CHL lymph nodes. However, SR-A protein expression determined by immunohistochemistry was limited to macrophages localized in sclerotic bands characteristic of nodular sclerosis CHL. In contrast, SR-A protein was readily detectable in lymph nodes with metastatic tumor, extra-nodal CHL, T cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma, and resident macrophages in non-malignant tissues, including spleen, lymph node, liver and lung. The results of SR-A protein expression paralleled the expression of SR-A mRNA determined by quantitative RT-PCR. These data provide evidence that tumor-infiltrating monocyte/macrophages in CHL have a unique phenotype that likely depends on the microenvironment of nodal CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginell R. Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Youzhong Yuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Holthoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Quick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Quaranta V, Schmid MC. Macrophage-Mediated Subversion of Anti-Tumour Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:E747. [PMID: 31331034 PMCID: PMC6678757 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the incredible clinical benefits obtained by the use of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), resistance is still common for many types of cancer. Central for ICBs to work is activation and infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells following tumour-antigen recognition. However, it is now accepted that even in the case of immunogenic tumours, the effector functions of CD8+ T cells are highly compromised by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) at the tumour site. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant non-malignant stromal cell types within the TME and they are crucial drivers of tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. TAMs are able to regulate either directly or indirectly various aspects of tumour immunity, including T cell recruitment and functions. In this review we discuss the mechanisms by which TAMs subvert CD8+ T cell immune surveillance and how their targeting in combination with ICBs represents a very powerful therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quaranta
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
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20
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Inamura K, Shigematsu Y, Ninomiya H, Nakashima Y, Kobayashi M, Saito H, Takahashi K, Futaya E, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y, Kanda H. CSF1R-Expressing Tumor-Associated Macrophages, Smoking and Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Analyses Using Quantitative Phosphor-Integrated Dot Staining. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080252. [PMID: 30065206 PMCID: PMC6115958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CSF1R-expressing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) induce a tumor-promoting microenvironment by regulating immunity. Evidence demonstrates that the expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms of CSF1R relate with survival and risk of lung cancer in never smokers. However, no previous studies have examined the association of CSF1R expression in TAMs with mortality or whether the prognostic association differs according to smoking status in lung adenocarcinoma. Quantitative phosphor-integrated dot staining was used to precisely assess CSF1R expression in TAMs. Using 195 consecutive cases of lung adenocarcinoma, we examined the association of CSF1R expression with mortality and whether the prognostic association differs according to smoking status. We observed high expression levels of CSF1R in TAMs in 65 of 195 (33%) cases of lung adenocarcinoma. High expression levels of CSF1R were associated with high lung cancer-specific mortality (log-rank p = 0.037; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02−2.52, p = 0.043). This prognostic association differed according to smoking status (p for interaction = 0.049, between never-smoking and ever-smoking patients). The association between high expression levels of CSF1R and lung cancer-specific mortality was stronger in never-smoking patients (log-rank p = 0.0027; HR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.41−6.11, p = 0.0041) than in ever-smoking patients (log-rank p = 0.73; HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.59−2.00, p = 0.73). The findings suggest that CSF1R-expressing TAMs may exert stronger tumor-promoting immunity in never-smoking patients with lung adenocarcinoma and serve as a therapeutic target in precision immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Shigematsu
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Hironori Ninomiya
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Maki Kobayashi
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Haruyuki Saito
- Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, Konica Minolta, Inc., 1 Sakura-machi, Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Takahashi
- Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, Konica Minolta, Inc., 1 Sakura-machi, Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Futaya
- Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, Konica Minolta, Inc., 1 Sakura-machi, Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Sakae Okumura
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kanda
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
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21
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Edwards V DK, Sweeney DT, Ho H, Eide CA, Rofelty A, Agarwal A, Liu SQ, Danilov AV, Lee P, Chantry D, McWeeney SK, Druker BJ, Tyner JW, Spurgeon SE, Loriaux MM. Targeting of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) in the CLL microenvironment yields antineoplastic activity in primary patient samples. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24576-24589. [PMID: 29872489 PMCID: PMC5973855 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In many malignancies, the tumor microenvironment includes CSF1R-expressing supportive monocyte/macrophages that promote tumor cell survival. For chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), these supportive monocyte/macrophages are known as nurse-like cells (NLCs), although the potential effectiveness of selective small-molecule inhibitors of CSF1R against CLL is understudied. Here, we demonstrate the preclinical activity of two inhibitors of CSF1R, GW-2580 and ARRY-382, in primary CLL patient samples. We observed at least 25% of CLL samples showed sub-micromolar sensitivity to CSF1R inhibitors. This sensitivity was observed in samples with varying genetic and clinical backgrounds, although higher white cell count and monocyte cell percentage was associated with increased sensitivity. Depleting CD14-expressing monocytes preferentially decreased viability in samples sensitive to CSF1R inhibitors, and treating samples with CSF1R inhibitors eliminated the presence of NLCs in long-term culture conditions. These results indicate that CSF1R small-molecule inhibitors target CD14-expressing monocytes in the CLL microenvironment, thereby depriving leukemia cells of extrinsic support signals. In addition, significant synergy was observed combining CSF1R inhibitors with idelalisib or ibrutinib, two current CLL therapies that disrupt tumor cell intrinsic B-cell receptor signaling. These findings support the concept of simultaneously targeting supportive NLCs and CLL cells and demonstrate the potential clinical utility of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Edwards V
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David Tyler Sweeney
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hibery Ho
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Angela Rofelty
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Selina Qiuying Liu
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephen E Spurgeon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marc M Loriaux
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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22
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Pham LV, Pogue E, Ford RJ. The Role of Macrophage/B-Cell Interactions in the Pathophysiology of B-Cell Lymphomas. Front Oncol 2018; 8:147. [PMID: 29868471 PMCID: PMC5951963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MPs) are heterogeneous, multifunctional, myeloid-derived leukocytes that are part of the innate immune system, playing wide-ranging critical roles in basic biological activities, including maintenance of tissue homeostasis involving clearance of microbial pathogens. Tumor-associated MPs (TAMs) are MPs with defined specific M2 phenotypes now known to play central roles in the pathophysiology of a wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms. Also, TAMs are often intrinsic cellular components of the essential tumor microenvironment (TME). In concert with lymphoid-lineage B and T cells at various developmental stages, TAMs can mediate enhanced tumor progression, often leading to poor clinical prognosis, at least partly through secretion of chemokines, cytokines, and various active proteases shown to stimulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Researchers recently showed that TAMs express certain key checkpoint-associated proteins [e.g., programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)] that appear to be involved in T-cell activation and that these proteins are targets of other specific checkpoint-blocking immunotherapies (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) currently part of new therapeutic paradigms for chemotherapy-resistant neoplasms. Although much is known about the wide spectrum and flexibility of MPs under many normal and neoplastic conditions, relatively little is known about the increasingly important interactions between MPs and B-lymphoid cells, particularly in the TME in patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL-B). Normal and neoplastic lymphoid and myeloid cell/MP lineages appear to share many primitive cellular characteristics as well as transcriptional factor interactions in human and animal ontogenic studies. Such cells are capable of ectopic transcription factor-induced lineage reprogramming or transdifferentiation from early myeloid/monocytic lineages to later induce B-cell lymphomagenesis in experimental in vivo murine systems. Close cellular interactions between endogenous clonal neoplastic B cells and related aberrant myeloid precursor cells/MPs appear to be important interactive components of aggressive NHL-B that we discuss herein in the larger context of the putative role of B-cell/MP cellular lineage interactions involved in NHL-B pathophysiology during ensuing lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan V Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Pogue
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard J Ford
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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24
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Jeannin P, Paolini L, Adam C, Delneste Y. The roles of CSFs on the functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. FEBS J 2017; 285:680-699. [PMID: 29171156 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have a central role in numerous physiological processes, such as immune defense, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and inflammation. Moreover, in numerous severe disorders, such as cancer or chronic inflammation, their functions can be profoundly affected. Macrophages continuously sense their environment and adapt their phenotypes and functions to the local requirements; this process is called plasticity. In addition to stress signals, metabolites, and direct cell-contact interactions with surrounding cells, numerous cytokines play a central role in controlling macrophage polarization. In this review, we will focus on three human macrophage differentiation factors: macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), IL-34, and granulocyte M-CSF. These CSFs allow human monocyte survival, promote their differentiation into macrophages, and control macrophage polarization as they give rise to cells with different phenotype and functions. Based on recent observations, the role of granulocyte CSF on macrophage polarization is also addressed. Finally, our current knowledge on the expression of these growth factors in tumor microenvironment and their impact on the generation and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Jeannin
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Léa Paolini
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Clement Adam
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
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Masaki A, Ishida T, Maeda Y, Ito A, Suzuki S, Narita T, Kinoshita S, Takino H, Yoshida T, Ri M, Kusumoto S, Komatsu H, Inagaki H, Ueda R, Choi I, Suehiro Y, Iida S. Clinical significance of tryptophan catabolism in Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:74-83. [PMID: 29080383 PMCID: PMC5765298 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO) is an enzyme catabolizing tryptophan (Trp) into the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinical significance of Trp catabolism in newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. We quantified serum Trp and Kyn in 52 HL patients, and analyzed their associations with different clinical parameters including serum soluble CD30 concentration. The IDO expression was evaluated in the patients’ affected lymph nodes. The cohort comprised 22 male and 30 female patients (age range, 15‐81 years; median, 45 years), with a 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 88.6%. The OS was significantly shorter for patients with a high Kyn/Trp ratio (OS at 5 years, 60.0% vs 92.2%), for those with stage IV disease, and for those with lymphocytopenia (<600/mm3 and/or <8% white blood cell count). The latter two parameters are components of the international prognostic score for advanced HL. In contrast, there were no significant differences in OS according to age, serum albumin, hemoglobin, sex, white blood cell count, or serum soluble CD30 (≥ or <285.6 ng/mL). Multivariate analysis using the three variables stage, lymphocytopenia, and serum Kyn/Trp ratio showed that only the latter significantly affected OS. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 was produced by macrophages/dendritic cells, but not by HL tumor cells, and IDO levels determined by immunohistochemistry had a significant positive correlation with the serum Kyn/Trp ratio. In conclusion, quantification of serum Kyn and Trp is useful for predicting prognosis of individual HL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Masaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahi Ito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tomoko Narita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiori Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takino
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kusumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Komatsu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ilseung Choi
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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78495111110.1038/nrclinonc.2016.217" />
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27
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Mantovani A, Marchesi F, Malesci A, Laghi L, Allavena P. Tumour-associated macrophages as treatment targets in oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:399-416. [PMID: 28117416 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2468] [Impact Index Per Article: 352.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial drivers of tumour-promoting inflammation. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to tumour progression at different levels: by promoting genetic instability, nurturing cancer stem cells, supporting metastasis, and taming protective adaptive immunity. TAMs can exert a dual, yin-yang influence on the effectiveness of cytoreductive therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), either antagonizing the antitumour activity of these treatments by orchestrating a tumour-promoting, tissue-repair response or, instead, enhancing the overall antineoplastic effect. TAMs express molecular triggers of checkpoint proteins that regulate T-cell activation, and are targets of certain checkpoint-blockade immunotherapies. Other macrophage-centred approaches to anticancer therapy are under investigation, and include: inhibition of macrophage recruitment to, and/or survival in, tumours; functional re-education of TAMs to an antitumour, 'M1-like' mode; and tumour-targeting monoclonal antibodies that elicit macrophage-mediated extracellular killing, or phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of cancer cells. The evidence supporting these strategies is reviewed herein. We surmise that TAMs can provide tools to tailor the use of cytoreductive therapies and immunotherapy in a personalized medicine approach, and that TAM-focused therapeutic strategies have the potential to complement and synergize with both chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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28
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Abstract
The prognosis of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma following chemo- and radiotherapy has been excellent during the last 4 decades. However, the development of secondary malignancies is of major concern. Therefore, the reduction of radiotherapy application is a major objective of ongoing clinical trials. De-escalation of treatment may increase the risk of relapses and thus may lead to reappearance of prognostic factors. Prognostic biomarkers might help to identify patients who are at increased risk of relapse. This review summarizes the current knowledge about potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Staege
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Stefanie Kewitz
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Toralf Bernig
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Caspar Kühnöl
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Christine Mauz-Körholz
- a Department of Pediatrics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
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Belgiovine C, D'Incalci M, Allavena P, Frapolli R. Tumor-associated macrophages and anti-tumor therapies: complex links. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2411-24. [PMID: 26956893 PMCID: PMC11108407 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are essential providers of cancer-related inflammation, a condition known to accelerate tumor progression and limit the response to anti-tumor therapies. As a matter of fact, TAMs may have a dual role while interfering with cancer treatments, as they can either promote or impair their functionality. Here we review the connection between macrophages and anticancer therapies; moreover, we provide an overview of the different strategies to target or re-program TAMs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Belgiovine
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
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30
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Yang L, Liu Y, An H, Chang Y, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Xu L, Xu J. High Expression of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Associates with Unfavorable Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:1044-52. [PMID: 26467457 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), a single-pass type III transmembrane tyrosine-protein kinase, is mainly involved in inflammation and immune regulation to facilitate the progression of solid tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CSF-1R expression on clinical outcome of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after surgery. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 268 patients with ccRCC undergoing nephrectomy between 2001 and 2004. Clinicopathologic features and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were collected. Western blot analysis was performed in the pairwise comparisons of CSF-1R expression in peritumor and tumor tissues of patients with ccRCC. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine CSF-1R expression level in tumor specimens. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors on CSS. A concordance index was calculated to measure prognostic accuracy. A prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the identified independent prognostic factors. RESULTS CSF-1R expression in tumor tissues was higher than in peritumor tissues in 71.4% (5 of 7) patients. CSF-1R expression of tumor tissues was positively associated with metastasis, tumor, node, metastasis classification system (TNM) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score and poor CSS. CSF-1R expression was determined as an independent prognostic factor for CSS in patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, extension of the well-established prognostic models with CSF-1R expression presented significantly improved prognostic accuracy. An efficient prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS High CSF-1R expression is a potential independent adverse prognostic factor for CSS in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin An
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Martín-Moreno AM, Roncador G, Maestre L, Mata E, Jiménez S, Martínez-Torrecuadrada JL, Reyes-García AI, Rubio C, Tomás JF, Estévez M, Pulford K, Piris MA, García JF. CSF1R Protein Expression in Reactive Lymphoid Tissues and Lymphoma: Its Relevance in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125203. [PMID: 26066800 PMCID: PMC4466308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been associated with survival in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and other lymphoma types. The maturation and differentiation of tissue macrophages depends upon interactions between colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and its ligands. There remains, however, a lack of consistent information on CSF1R expression in TAMs. A new monoclonal antibody, FER216, was generated to investigate CSF1R protein distribution in formalin fixed tissue samples from 24 reactive lymphoid tissues and 187 different lymphoma types. We also analysed the distribution of CSF1R+, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages by double immunostaining, and studied the relationship between CSF1R expression and survival in an independent series of 249 cHL patients. CSF1R+ TAMs were less frequent in B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma than in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and cHL. HRS cells in cHL and, with the exception of three cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, the neoplastic cells in NHLs, lacked detectable CSF1R protein. A CSF1R+ enriched microenvironment in cHL was associated with shorter survival in an independent series of 249 cHL patients. CSF1R pathway activation was evident in the cHL and inactivation of this pathway could be a potential therapeutic target in cHL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Maestre
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mata
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Scherezade Jiménez
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana I. Reyes-García
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - José F. Tomás
- Haematology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Estévez
- Haematology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen Pulford
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Piris
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan F. García
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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32
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Komohara Y, Niino D, Ohnishi K, Ohshima K, Takeya M. Role of tumor-associated macrophages in hematological malignancies. Pathol Int 2015; 65:170-6. [PMID: 25707506 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of many non-tumor cells such as leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and phenotypic changes in a tumor microenvironment are believed to be involved in tumor progression and resistance to anticancer treatments. In hematological malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that have infiltrated lymphoma or leukemia tissues may be involved in tumor progression, and many researchers have studied phenotypic changes in TAMs. This review article summarizes the publications related to TAMs in hematological malignancies, with an emphasis on CD163(+) protumoral TAMs, which seem to be associated with disease progression. Cell-cell interactions between protumoral TAMs and lymphoma or leukemia cells may play an important role in lymphoma or leukemia microenvironments. Although detailed molecular mechanisms of these cell-cell interactions have not yet been clarified, phenotypic characterization of TAMs is thought to be a useful approach for evaluating clinical prognosis. In addition, targeting TAMs may be a new strategy for treating malignant hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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von Tresckow B, Morschhauser F, Ribrag V, Topp MS, Chien C, Seetharam S, Aquino R, Kotoulek S, de Boer CJ, Engert A. An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase I/II Study of JNJ-40346527, a CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1843-50. [PMID: 25628399 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I/II study investigated JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) tyrosine kinase as treatment for relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients ≥18 years with histopathologically confirmed initial diagnosis of cHL that had relapsed or was refractory after ≥1 appropriate therapies were assigned to sequential cohorts of oral daily doses of JNJ-40346527 (150, 300, 450, 600 mg every day, and 150 mg twice a day). For the dose-escalation phase, the primary endpoint was to establish the recommended phase II dose. Secondary endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. RESULTS Twenty-one patients [(150 mg: 3; 300 mg: 5; 450 mg: 3, 600 mg: 3) every day, and 150 mg twice a day: 7] were enrolled, 10 men, median age 40 (range, 19-75) years, median number of prior systemic therapies 6 (range, 3-14). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed; maximum-tolerated dose was not established. Best overall response was complete remission in 1 patient (duration, +352 days) and stable disease in 11 patients: (duration, 1.5-8 months). Median number of cycles: 4 (range, 1-16). Most common (≥20% patients) possibly drug-related adverse events (per investigator assessment) were nausea (n = 6), headache, and pyrexia (n = 5 each). JNJ-40346527 exposure increased in near dose-proportional manner over a dose range of 150 to 450 mg every day, but plateaued at 600 mg every day. Target engagement was confirmed (>80% inhibition of CSF-1R phosphorylation, 4 hours after dosing). CONCLUSIONS JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of CSF-1R was well tolerated, and preliminary antitumor results suggested limited activity in monotherapy for the treatment of cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian von Tresckow
- University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | - Max S Topp
- University Hospital of Wurzburg, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Caly Chien
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Raritan, New Jersey
| | - Shobha Seetharam
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Regina Aquino
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonja Kotoulek
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Andreas Engert
- University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Laoui D, Van Overmeire E, De Baetselier P, Van Ginderachter JA, Raes G. Functional Relationship between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor as Contributors to Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2014; 5:489. [PMID: 25339957 PMCID: PMC4188035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review article describes the functional relationship between tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) as key cellular contributors to cancer malignancy on the one hand and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) as an important molecular contributor on the other. We recapitulate the available data on expression of M-CSF and the M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) in human tumor tissue as constituents of a stromal macrophage signature and on the limits of the predictive and prognostic value of plasma M-CSF levels. After providing an update on current insights into the nature of TAM heterogeneity at the level of M1/M2 phenotype and TAM subsets, we give an overview of experimental evidence, based on genetic, antibody-mediated, and pharmacological disruption of M-CSF/M-CSFR signaling, for the extent to which M-CSFR signaling can not only determine the TAM quantity, but can also contribute to shaping the phenotype and heterogeneity of TAM and other related tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIM). Finally, we review the accumulating information on the – sometimes conflicting – effects blocking M-CSFR signaling may have on various aspects of cancer progression such as tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy and we thereby discuss in how far these different effects actually reflect a contribution of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Eva Van Overmeire
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
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