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Chen Y, Yang C, Deng Z, Xiang T, Ni Q, Xu J, Sun D, Luo F. Gut microbially produced tryptophan metabolite melatonin ameliorates osteoporosis via modulating SCFA and TMAO metabolism. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12954. [PMID: 38618998 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a severe global health issue that has significant implications for productivity and human lifespan. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been demonstrated to be closely associated with OP progression. Melatonin (MLT) is an important endogenous hormone that modulates bone metabolism, maintains bone homeostasis, and improves OP progression. Multiple studies indicated that MLT participates in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and gut barrier function. However, the promising effects of gut microbiota-derived MLT in OP remain unclear. Here, we found that OP resulted in intestinal tryptophan disorder and decreased the production of gut microbiota-derived MLT, while administration with MLT could mitigate OP-related clinical symptoms and reverse gut microbiota dysbiosis, including the diversity of intestinal microbiota, the relative abundance of many probiotics such as Allobaculum and Parasutterella, and metabolic function of intestinal flora such as amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and energy metabolism. Notably, MLT significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and decreased trimethylamine N-oxide-related metabolites. Importantly, MLT could modulate the dynamic balance of M1/M2 macrophages, reduce the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restore gut-barrier function. Taken together, our results highlighted the important roles of gut microbially derived MLT in OP progression via the "gut-bone" axis associated with SCFA metabolism, which may provide novel insight into the development of MLT as a promising drug for treating OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA 76th Army Corps Hospital, Beijing, Xining, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihan Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwen Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingrong Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Liao C, Zhou H, Wu Y, Zhang W. Impact of ferroptosis-related risk genes on macrophage M1/M2 polarization and prognosis in glioblastoma. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1294029. [PMID: 38283752 PMCID: PMC10817728 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect impact of ferroptosis on macrophage polarization and patient prognosis in glioblastoma. Methods We screened ferroptosis-related risk from the public datasets of primary and recurrent glioblastoma, combined with reported ferroptosis genes, calculated the risk genes among the ferroptosis-related genes using the LASSO Cox regression model, and investigated the relationship between these ferroptosis-related risk genes in the tumor and the spectrum of infiltrating M1/M2 macrophages. Macrophages were analyzed using the CIBERSORTx deconvolution algorithm. Samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset (GSE84465) were included. The expression levels of ferroptosis-related risk genes and molecular markers of M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by qPCR and western blot. Results A total of fourteen ferroptosis-related risk genes were obtained and the patients' risk scores were calculated. Compared with patients in the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had worse prognosis. The M1/M2 macrophage ratio and risk score were negatively correlated, indicating that the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma in the high-risk group contained more M2 than M1 macrophages. In the single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, the risk score of ferroptosis-related genes in tumor cells was positively correlated with the proportion of high M2 macrophages. The expression of eight ferroptosis-related risk genes was increased in glioblastoma cell, which promoted the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2. Conclusion We investigated the fourteen ferroptosis-related risk genes in glioblastoma for the first time, and clarified the impact of ferroptosis-related risk genes on M1/M2 macrophage polarization and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yiwei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Saeki N, Nakata A. Macrophage Polarization and Osteoclast Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2766:247-261. [PMID: 38270885 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3682-4_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are a key player to regulate rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis from onset to remission. They can alter innate functions under microenvironmental conditions. To understand heterogeneous functions of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis, several activated statuses of macrophages should be mimicked in vitro. Here, we describe basic protocols for macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Saeki
- Division of Medical Research Support, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Nakata
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Dinc R. The Role of Immune Mechanisms in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Could It be a Promising Therapeutic Strategy? Acta Cardiol Sin 2023; 39:675-686. [PMID: 37720407 PMCID: PMC10499961 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202309_39(5).20230531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an enlargement of the aorta greater than 50% in diameter. Although up to 80% of cases result in mortality if the aneurysm ruptures, patients are often diagnosed too late, as most cases are asymptomatic. The current treatment for AAA is still surgery as there are currently no effective drug treatments. Knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for the development of new preventive and therapeutic approaches. However, the molecular mechanisms are complex and remain unclear. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, the major cellular component of the aorta, and degeneration of the extracellular matrix, the skeleton of the aortic wall, are hallmarks of AAA pathology. Inflammation, mainly through macrophage cells, has been recognized as a central factor in the development of AAA. Macrophage cells also orchestrate other pathways and immune cells involved in this process. Macrophages do not exist as pure populations at aneurysm sites. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and weaken the aortic wall during AAA development. M2 macrophages, in contrast, are involved in anti-inflammatory reactions and aorta tissue repair. The balancing effect on AAA progression makes M1/M2 macrophages therapeutic targets to control inflammation and destruction of the aortic wall. An early diagnosis is also important to allow for early interventions. This review article, based on the available data, aims to evaluate the role of an immunotherapeutic approach in controlling AAA development by briefly discussing the immunological mechanisms.
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Kim BY, Ryu JH, Park J, Ji B, Chun HS, Kim MS, Shin YI. Fermented Lettuce Extract Induces Immune Responses through Polarization of Macrophages into the Pro-Inflammatory M1-Subtype. Nutrients 2023; 15:2750. [PMID: 37375653 PMCID: PMC10303209 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that lettuce and its bioactive compounds enhance the host immune system by acting as immune modulators. This study aimed to identify the immunological effect of fermented lettuce extract (FLE) on macrophages. To evaluate the efficacy of FLE in enhancing macrophage function, we measured and compared the levels of macrophage activation-related markers in FLE- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with FLE activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, increased their phagocytic ability, and increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels-similar to LPS. The effects of FLE on M1/M2 macrophage polarization were investigated by determining M1 and M2 macrophage transcript markers in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The FLE-related treatment of peritoneal macrophages enhanced the expression of M1 markers but reduced IL-4 treatment-induced M2 markers. After the generation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), alterations in the levels of M1 and M2 macrophage markers were measured after treatment with FLE. The FLE-related treatment of TAMs increased the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and also led to the enhanced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings suggest that FLE may be useful for macrophage-targeted cancer therapy because of its ability to regulate the activation and polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jisu Park
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Byeongjun Ji
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Republic of Korea; (B.J.); (H.S.C.)
| | - Hyun Soo Chun
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Republic of Korea; (B.J.); (H.S.C.)
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.K.); (J.H.R.); (J.P.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Lima C, Andrade-Barros AI, Carvalho FF, Falcão MAP, Lopes-Ferreira M. Inflammasome Coordinates Senescent Chronic Wound Induced by Thalassophryne nattereri Venom. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098453. [PMID: 37176162 PMCID: PMC10179710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassophryne nattereri toadfish (niquim) envenomation, common in the hands and feet of bathers and fishermen in the north and northeast regions of Brazil, is characterized by local symptoms such as immediate edema and intense pain. These symptoms progress to necrosis that lasts for an extended period of time, with delayed healing. Wound healing is a complex process characterized by the interdependent role of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial and innate cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Macrophages and neutrophils are actively recruited to clear debris during the inflammatory phase of wound repair, promoting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and in the late stage, macrophages promote tissue repair. Our hypothesis is that injury caused by T. nattereri venom (VTn) leads to senescent wounds. In this study, we provide valuable information about the mechanism(s) behind the dysregulated inflammation in wound healing induced by VTn. We demonstrate in mouse paws injected with the venom the installation of γH2AX/p16Ink4a-dependent senescence with persistent neutrophilic inflammation in the proliferation and remodeling phases. VTn induced an imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages by maintaining a high number of TNF-α-producing M1 macrophages in the wound but without the ability to eliminate the persistent neutrophils. Chronic neutrophilic inflammation and senescence were mediated by cytokines such as IL-1α and IL-1β in a caspase-1- and caspase-11-dependent manner. In addition, previous blocking with anti-IL-1α and anti-IL-β neutralizing antibodies and caspase-1 (Ac YVAD-CMK) and caspase-11 (Wedelolactone) inhibitors was essential to control the pro-inflammatory activity of M1 macrophages induced by VTn injection, skewing towards an anti-inflammatory state, and was sufficient to block neutrophil recruitment and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CETICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-009, Brazil
| | - Aline Ingrid Andrade-Barros
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CETICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-009, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Franco Carvalho
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CETICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-009, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Pimentel Falcão
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CETICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-009, Brazil
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CETICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-009, Brazil
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Claus C, Slavin M, Ansseau E, Lancelot C, Bah K, Lassche S, Fiévet M, Greco A, Tomaiuolo S, Tassin A, Dudome V, Kusters B, Declèves AE, Laoudj-Chenivesse D, van Engelen BGM, Nonclercq D, Belayew A, Kalisman N, Coppée F. The double homeodomain protein DUX4c is associated with regenerating muscle fibers and RNA-binding proteins. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36882853 PMCID: PMC9990282 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that double homeobox 4 centromeric (DUX4C) encoded for a functional DUX4c protein upregulated in dystrophic skeletal muscles. Based on gain- and loss-of-function studies we have proposed DUX4c involvement in muscle regeneration. Here, we provide further evidence for such a role in skeletal muscles from patients affected with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). METHODS DUX4c was studied at RNA and protein levels in FSHD muscle cell cultures and biopsies. Its protein partners were co-purified and identified by mass spectrometry. Endogenous DUX4c was detected in FSHD muscle sections with either its partners or regeneration markers using co-immunofluorescence or in situ proximity ligation assay. RESULTS We identified new alternatively spliced DUX4C transcripts and confirmed DUX4c immunodetection in rare FSHD muscle cells in primary culture. DUX4c was detected in nuclei, cytoplasm or at cell-cell contacts between myocytes and interacted sporadically with specific RNA-binding proteins involved, a.o., in muscle differentiation, repair, and mass maintenance. In FSHD muscle sections, DUX4c was found in fibers with unusual shape or central/delocalized nuclei (a regeneration feature) staining for developmental myosin heavy chain, MYOD or presenting intense desmin labeling. Some couples of myocytes/fibers locally exhibited peripheral DUX4c-positive areas that were very close to each other, but in distinct cells. MYOD or intense desmin staining at these locations suggested an imminent muscle cell fusion. We further demonstrated DUX4c interaction with its major protein partner, C1qBP, inside myocytes/myofibers that presented features of regeneration. On adjacent muscle sections, we could unexpectedly detect DUX4 (the FSHD causal protein) and its interaction with C1qBP in fusing myocytes/fibers. CONCLUSIONS DUX4c upregulation in FSHD muscles suggests it contributes not only to the pathology but also, based on its protein partners and specific markers, to attempts at muscle regeneration. The presence of both DUX4 and DUX4c in regenerating FSHD muscle cells suggests DUX4 could compete with normal DUX4c functions, thus explaining why skeletal muscle is particularly sensitive to DUX4 toxicity. Caution should be exerted with therapeutic agents aiming for DUX4 suppression because they might also repress the highly similar DUX4c and interfere with its physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Claus
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Moriya Slavin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eugénie Ansseau
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Céline Lancelot
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Karimatou Bah
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lassche
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Manon Fiévet
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Anna Greco
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Tomaiuolo
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.,Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Virginie Dudome
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Benno Kusters
- Department of Pathology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Nonclercq
- Laboratory of Histology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nir Kalisman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frédérique Coppée
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 6, Avenue du Champs de Mars, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
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Pantazi P, Clements T, Venø M, Abrahams VM, Holder B. Distinct non-coding RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from M1 and M2 human primary macrophages. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12293. [PMID: 36544271 PMCID: PMC9772496 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important antigen presenting cells which can release extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying functional cargo including non-coding RNAs. Macrophages can be broadly classified into M1 'classical' and M2 'alternatively-activated' macrophages. M1 macrophages have been linked with inflammation-associated pathologies, whereas a switch towards an M2 phenotype indicates resolution of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Here, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the small RNA cargo of EVs from human M1 and M2 primary macrophages. Using small RNA sequencing, we identified several types of small non-coding RNAs in M1 and M2 macrophage EVs including miRNAs, isomiRs, tRNA fragments, piRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and Y-RNA fragments. Distinct differences were observed between M1 and M2 EVs, with higher relative abundance of miRNAs, and lower abundance of tRNA fragments in M1 compared to M2 EVs. MicroRNA-target enrichment analysis identified several gene targets involved in gene expression and inflammatory signalling pathways. EVs were also enriched in tRNA fragments, primarily originating from the 5' end or the internal region of the full length tRNAs, many of which were differentially abundant in M1 and M2 EVs. Similarly, several other small non-coding RNAs, namely snRNAs, snoRNAs and Y-RNA fragments, were differentially enriched in M1 and M2 EVs; we discuss their putative roles in macrophage EVs. In conclusion, we show that M1 and M2 macrophages release EVs with distinct RNA cargo, which has the potential to contribute to the unique effect of these cell subsets on their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalia Pantazi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion, and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Toby Clements
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion, and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Beth Holder
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion, and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Huang G, Luo J, Guo H, Wang X, Hu Z, Pu W, Chu X, Zhang C. Molybdenum and cadmium co-exposure promotes M1 macrophage polarization through oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory response and induces pulmonary fibrosis in Shaoxing ducks (Anas platyrhyncha). Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:2844-2854. [PMID: 36017731 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are harmful to the body, but pulmonary toxicity induced by Mo and Cd co-exposure is unknown. To assess the combined impacts of Mo and Cd on fibrosis through M1 polarization in the lung of ducks, 80 healthy 8-day-old Shaoxing ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) were randomly assigned to 4 groups and fed with containing unequal doses of Mo or/and Cd diet. Lung tissues were collected on the 16th week. Results indicated that Mo or/and Cd significantly increased their contents in the lungs, and led to trace elements disorder and histological abnormality, and oxidative stress accompanied by promoting contents of H2 O2 and MDA and decreasing activities of T-SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT, then activated the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway accompanied by upregulating Caspase-1, ASC, IL-18, IL-1β, TLR4, NF-κB, and NLRP3 expression levels, and disrupted M1/M2 balance to divert toward M1, which evoked the TGF-β/Smad2/3-mediated fibrosis by elevating TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, COL1A1, α-SMA, and MMP2 expression levels, and decreasing Smad7 and TIMP2 expression levels. The changes of the combined group were most obvious. To sum up, the research demonstrated that Mo or/and Cd may cause macrophages to polarize toward M1 by oxidative stress-mediated the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, then result in fibrosis through the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway in duck lungs. Mo and Cd may worsen lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhisheng Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjing Pu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuesheng Chu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Dolgova EV, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Ruzanova VS, Proskurina AS, Ritter GS, Taranov OS, Varaksin NA, Ryabicheva TG, Leplina OY, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Bogachev SS. Analysis of the Biological Properties of Blood Plasma Protein with GcMAF Functional Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35897653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The main problem related to the studies focusing on group-specific component protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) is the lack of clarity about changes occurring in different types of macrophages and related changes in their properties under the effect of GcMAF in various clinical conditions. We analyzed the antitumor therapeutic properties of GcMAF in a Lewis carcinoma model in two clinical conditions: untreated tumor lesion and tumor resorption after exposure to Karanahan therapy. GcMAF is formed during site-specific deglycosylation of vitamin D3 binding protein (DBP). DBP was obtained from the blood of healthy donors using affinity chromatography on a column with covalently bound actin. GcMAF-related factor (GcMAF-RF) was converted in a mixture with induced lymphocytes through the cellular enzymatic pathway. The obtained GcMAF-RF activates murine peritoneal macrophages (p < 0.05), induces functional properties of dendritic cells (p < 0.05) and promotes in vitro polarization of human M0 macrophages to M1 macrophages (p < 0.01). Treatment of whole blood cells with GcMAF-RF results in active production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. It is shown that macrophage activation by GcMAF-RF is inhibited by tumor-secreted factors. In order to identify the specific antitumor effect of GcMAF-RF-activated macrophages, an approach to primary reduction of humoral suppressor activity of the tumor using the Karanahan therapy followed by macrophage activation in the tumor-associated stroma (TAS) was proposed. A prominent additive effect of GcMAF-RF, which enhances the primary immune response activation by the Karanahan therapy, was shown in the model of murine Lewis carcinoma. Inhibition of the suppressive effect of TAS is the main condition required for the manifestation of the antitumor effect of GcMAF-RF. When properly applied in combination with any chemotherapy, significantly reducing the humoral immune response at the advanced tumor site, GcMAF-RF is a promising antitumor therapeutic agent that additively destroys the pro-tumor properties of macrophages of the tumor stroma.
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Feijóo-Bandín S, Aragón-Herrera A, Otero-Santiago M, Anido-Varela L, Moraña-Fernández S, Tarazón E, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Gualillo O, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in the Regulation of Inflammatory Processes in Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5634. [PMID: 35628443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, also known as gliflozins, were developed as a novel class of anti-diabetic agents that promote glycosuria through the prevention of glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule by sodium-glucose co-transporter 2. Beyond the regulation of glucose homeostasis, they resulted as being effective in different clinical trials in patients with heart failure, showing a strong cardio-renal protective effect in diabetic, but also in non-diabetic patients, which highlights the possible existence of other mechanisms through which gliflozins could be exerting their action. So far, different gliflozins have been approved for their therapeutic use in T2DM, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease in different countries, all of them being diseases that have in common a deregulation of the inflammatory process associated with the pathology, which perpetuates and worsens the disease. This inflammatory deregulation has been observed in many other diseases, which led the scientific community to have a growing interest in the understanding of the biological processes that lead to or control inflammation deregulation in order to be able to identify potential therapeutic targets that could revert this situation and contribute to the amelioration of the disease. In this line, recent studies showed that gliflozins also act as an anti-inflammatory drug, and have been proposed as a useful strategy to treat other diseases linked to inflammation in addition to cardio-renal diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this work, we will review recent studies regarding the role of the main sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in the control of inflammation.
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12
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Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving entity that consists not only of cancer cells, but also of resident host cells and immune-infiltrating cells, among which macrophages are significant components, due to their diversity of functions through which they can influence the immune response against tumor cells. Macrophages present in tumor environment are termed as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are strongly plastic cells, and depending on the TME stimuli (i.e., cytokines, chemokines), TAMs polarize to antitumoral (M1-like TAMs) or protumoral (M2-like TAMs) phenotype. Both types of TAMs differ in the surface receptors' expression, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and ability of production and various metabolites release. At the early stage of tumor formation, TAMs are M1-like phenotype, and they are able to eliminate tumor cells, i.e., by reactive oxygen species formation or by presentation of cancer antigens to other effector immune cells. However, during tumor progression, TAMs M2-like phenotype is dominating. They mainly contribute to angiogenesis, stromal remodeling, enhancement of tumor cells migration and invasion, and immunosuppression. This wide variety of TAMs' functions makes them an excellent subject for use in developing antitumor therapies which mainly is based on three strategies: TAMs' elimination, reprograming, or recruitment inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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13
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van Harten RM, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP, Scheenstra MR. The cathelicidin CATH-2 efficiently neutralizes LPS- and E. coli-induced activation of porcine bone marrow derived macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 244:110369. [PMID: 34954638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases in pigs cause monetary loss to farmers and pose a zoonotic risk. Therefore, it is important to obtain more porcine specific immunological knowledge as a measure to protect against infectious diseases, for example by exploring immunomodulators that are usable as vaccine adjuvants. Cathelicidins are a class of host defence peptides (HDPs) able to directly kill microbes as well as exert a diverse range of effects on the immune system. The peptides have shown promise as immunomodulatory peptides in many applications, including vaccines. However, it is currently unknown what the precise effect of these peptides is on porcine immune cells and whether peptides of other species might also have a strong immunomodulatory effect on porcine macrophages. Mononuclear bone marrow cells of pigs, aged 5-6 months, were cultured into M1 or M2 macrophages and stimulated with LPS or whole bacteria in the presence of host defence peptides (HDPs). CATH-2 and LL-37 strongly inhibited LPS-induced activation of M1 macrophages, the inhibition of LPS-induced activation of M2 macrophages by HDPs was milder, showing that the peptides have selective effects on different cell types. Upon stimulation with whole bacteria, only CATH-2 could effectively inhibit macrophage activation, showing the potent anti-inflammatory potential of this peptide. These results show that porcine peptides are not necessarily the most active in a porcine system, and that CATH-2 is effective in a porcine system as an anti-inflammatory immune modulator, which can be used, for example, in inactivated pathogen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M van Harten
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Division of Immunology, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Ito Y, Yamamoto T, Miyai K, Take J, Scherthan H, Rommel A, Eder S, Steinestel K, Rump A, Port M, Shinomiya N, Kinoshita M. Ascorbic acid-2 glucoside mitigates intestinal damage during pelvic radiotherapy in a rat bladder tumor model. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:942-957. [PMID: 34871138 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.2009145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ascorbic acid is a strong antioxidant and has potent radioprotective effects on radiation injuries. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G) is a stabilized derivative of ascorbic acid and rapidly hydrolyzed into ascorbic acid and glucose. Since there is the possibility that AA2G treatment interferes with the antitumor activity of radiotherapy, we investigated the effect of AA2G treatment during radiotherapy on acute radiation enteritis and antitumor activity of radiotherapy in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS AY-27 rat bladder tumor cells were used to induce bladder tumors in rats. Two weeks after inoculation rats received fractionated pelvic radiotherapy in eight fractions for 4 weeks totaling 40 Gy. During radiotherapy, one group of rats received per os AA2G (ascorbic acid: 250 mg/kg/day) and its bolus engulfment (ascorbic acid: 250 mg/kg) 8 h before each X-irradiation fraction. Seven days after the last X-irradiation, we studied histology, DNA double strand break (DSB) damage (by 53BP1 foci staining), and the M1/M2 macrophage response by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-fixed bladder and intestinal tissues. RESULTS AA2G treatment reduced the intestinal damage (shortening of villi) but did not reduce antitumor effectiveness of radiotherapy against bladder tumors. Like the controls, AA2G-treated rats showed no residual tumor lesions in the bladder after X-irradiation. Both AA2G-treated and control groups showed similar persistent DSB damage (53BP1 foci) both in bladders and ilea seven days after radiotherapy. Radiotherapy tended to reduce CD163+ M2 macrophages, which are considered as an anti-inflammatory subtype favoring tissue repair, in the bladders. X-irradiation also reduced the occurrence of M2 macrophages in the ilea. AA2G treatment significantly increased CD163+/CD68+ macrophage ratio in the ilea of rats after pelvic irradiation in comparison to the sham irradiated control rats. AA2G treatment increased, albeit not significantly, the CD163+/CD68+ macrophage ratio in the irradiated bladders relative to the control irradiated rats. On the other hand, bladders and ilea of the irradiated rats with and without AA2G treatment showed similar frequencies of CD68+ macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AA2G treatment mitigated radiation-induced intestinal damage without reducing antitumor activity after fractionated pelvic radiotherapy against bladder tumors in rats. The beneficial effect of AA2G treatment seems to promote a restoration of the M2 answer as well as tissue remodeling and wound healing. Similar residual DNA damage in bladders and ilea seven days post-irradiation is consistent with tumor control in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Ito
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamoto
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan.,NBC Counter Medical Unit, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyai
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Junya Take
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Anna Rommel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Eder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexis Rump
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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15
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He Y, de Araújo Júnior RF, Cruz LJ, Eich C. Functionalized Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1670. [PMID: 34683963 PMCID: PMC8540805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in regulating antitumor immune responses. As an important part of the TME, alternatively activated type 2 (M2) macrophages drive the development of primary and secondary tumors by promoting tumor cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and overall immunosuppression. Immunotherapy approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in order to reduce the immunosuppressive state in the TME have received great attention. Although these methods hold great potential for the treatment of several cancers, they also face some limitations, such as the fast degradation rate of drugs and drug-induced cytotoxicity of organs and tissues. Nanomedicine formulations that prevent TAM signaling and recruitment to the TME or deplete M2 TAMs to reduce tumor growth and metastasis represent encouraging novel strategies in cancer therapy. They allow the specific delivery of antitumor drugs to the tumor area, thereby reducing side effects associated with systemic application. In this review, we give an overview of TAM biology and the current state of nanomedicines that target M2 macrophages in the course of cancer immunotherapy, with a specific focus on nanoparticles (NPs). We summarize how different types of NPs target M2 TAMs, and how the physicochemical properties of NPs (size, shape, charge and targeting ligands) influence NP uptake by TAMs in vitro and in vivo in the TME. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of passive and active NP-based TAM-targeting strategies and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory (LAICI), Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
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Saitoh S, Van Wijk K, Nakajima O. Crosstalk between Metabolic Disorders and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810017. [PMID: 34576181 PMCID: PMC8469678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome results from multiple risk factors that arise from insulin resistance induced by abnormal fat deposition. Chronic inflammation owing to obesity primarily results from the recruitment of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the adipose tissue stroma, as the adipocytes within become hypertrophied. During obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by macrophages and recruit further pro-inflammatory immune cells into the adipose tissue to boost the immune response. Here, we provide an overview of the biology of macrophages in adipose tissue and the relationship between other immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and obesity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, we discuss the link between the human pathology and immune response and metabolism and further highlight potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Koen Van Wijk
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Osamu Nakajima
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Kosyreva A, Dzhalilova D, Lokhonina A, Vishnyakova P, Fatkhudinov T. The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682871. [PMID: 34040616 PMCID: PMC8141811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are cells that mediate both innate and adaptive immunity reactions, playing a major role in both physiological and pathological processes. Systemic SARS-CoV-2-associated complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, edema, and pneumonia. These are predominantly effects of massive macrophage activation that collectively can be defined as macrophage activation syndrome. In this review we focus on the role of macrophages in COVID-19, as pathogenesis of the new coronavirus infection, especially in cases complicated by ARDS, largely depends on macrophage phenotypes and functionalities. We describe participation of monocytes, monocyte-derived and resident lung macrophages in SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS and discuss possible utility of cell therapies for its treatment, notably the use of reprogrammed macrophages with stable pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kosyreva
- Department of Neuromorphology, Science Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Histology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzhuliia Dzhalilova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Science Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Lokhonina
- Histology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Vishnyakova
- Histology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Histology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Growth and Development, Science Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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Sadozai H, Acharjee A, Gruber T, Gloor B, Karamitopoulou E. Pancreatic Cancers with High Grade Tumor Budding Exhibit Hallmarks of Diminished Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1090. [PMID: 33806316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer, in its most common manifestation pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a uniquely lethal disease with very limited treatment options and few prognostic biomarkers. Tumor budding is a proven independent, adverse prognostic factor in many tumor types including PDAC. Tumor buds can be detected histologically as single cancer cells or clusters of up to four cancer cells at the tumor invasive front. Tumor budding is biologically correlated to the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and disease progression. In this study, we sought to investigate the immunological composition of tumors with high levels of tumor budding. We show that PDAC cases with a high grade of tumor budding display notably diminished anti-tumor immunity. These findings were further validated by gene expression analysis of PDAC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our results provide insight on the immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells undergoing EMT. This offers the potential of designing novel treatments combining immunotherapies with EMT-targeted drugs. Abstract Tumor budding is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and diminished survival in a number of cancer types including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we dissect the immune landscapes of patients with high grade versus low grade tumor budding to determine the features associated with immune escape and disease progression in pancreatic cancer. We performed immunohistochemistry-based quantification of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and tumor bud assessment in a cohort of n = 111 PDAC patients in a tissue microarray (TMA) format. Patients were divided based on the ITBCC categories of tumor budding as Low Grade (LG: categories 1 and 2) and High Grade (HG: category 3). Tumor budding numbers and tumor budding grade demonstrated a significant association with diminished overall survival (OS). HG cases exhibit notably reduced densities of stromal (S) and intratumoral (IT) T cells. HG cases also display lower M1 macrophages (S) and increased M2 macrophages (IT). These findings were validated using gene expression data from TCGA. A published tumor budding gene signature demonstrated a significant association with diminished survival in PDAC patients in TCGA. Immune-related gene expression revealed an immunosuppressive TME in PDAC cases with high expression of the budding signature. Our findings highlight a number of immune features that permit an improved understanding of disease progression and EMT in pancreatic cancer.
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Nakagawa M, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunophenotypical Characterization of M1/M2 Macrophages and Lymphocytes in Cisplatin-Induced Rat Progressive Renal Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:257. [PMID: 33525592 PMCID: PMC7911194 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is regarded as the common final pathway leading to chronic kidney diseases; macrophages and myofibroblasts play important roles in the development of fibrosis. F344 rats were injected once with cisplatin (CDDP; 6 mg/kg BW) for renal lesions. Here, immunophenotypical characteristics of macrophages and lymphocytes in CDDP-induced rat renal lesions were investigated histopathologically; the CDDP-induced renal lesions consisted of tissue damage at the early-stage, worsen the damage and commencement of interstitial fibrosis at the mid-stage, and progressive fibrosis at the late stage; the KIM-1 expression and α-SMA+ myofibroblast area reflected renal tubular damage/abnormal regeneration and renal interstitial fibrosis, respectively. CD68+ M1 macrophages began to increase at the mid-stage, with increased mRNA expressions of M1-related cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-6), and then slightly decreased at the late-stage. CD163+ M2 macrophages showed a gradually increased number at the mid- and late-stages, accompanied by increased TGF-β1 mRNA expression (a fibrogenic factor). Double immunofluorescence using fibrotic samples at the late-stage revealed that 62.0-78.0% of CD68+ M1 macrophages co-expressed CD163, indicating that M1/M2 macrophages may contribute to progressive renal fibrosis in cooperation; further, MHC class II-expressing macrophages had a tendency towards M1 polarization, whereas CD204-expressing macrophages towards M2 polarization. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased at the late-stage. Collectively, progressive renal interstitial fibrosis may be developed by complicated mechanisms that arose via interaction of M1/M2 macrophages (inflammatory for M1 and anti-inflammatory for M2) and T cells reacting to CD4 (for helper) and CD8 (for cytotoxicity). This study would provide some information on the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis based on inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minto Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (M.R.K.); (T.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (M.R.K.); (T.I.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (M.R.K.); (T.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (M.R.K.); (T.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (M.R.K.); (T.I.); (M.K.)
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Wang H, Zhang CS, Fang BB, Hou J, Li WD, Li ZD, Li L, Bi XJ, Li L, Abulizi A, Shao YM, Lin RY, Wen H. Dual Role of Hepatic Macrophages in the Establishment of the Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestode in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:600635. [PMID: 33488594 PMCID: PMC7820908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis larvae, predominantly located in the liver, cause a tumor-like parasitic disease, alveolar echinococcosis (AE), that is characterized by increased infiltration of various immune cells, including macrophages, around the lesion that produces an "immunosuppressive" microenvironment, favoring its persistent infection. However, the role of hepatic macrophages in the host defense against E. multilocularis infection remains poorly defined. Using human liver tissues from patients with AE and a hepatic experimental mouse model of E. multilocularis, we investigated the phenotype and function of hepatic macrophages during the parasite infection. In the present study, we found that a large number of CD68+ macrophages accumulated around the metacestode lesion in the liver of human AE samples and that both S100A9+ proinflammatory (M1 phenotype) and CD163+ anti-inflammatory (M2 phenotype) macrophages were significantly higher in close liver tissue (CLT) than in distant liver tissue (DLT), whereas M2 macrophages represent the dominant macrophage population. Furthermore, E. multilocularis-infected mice exhibited a massive increase in macrophage (F4/80+) infiltration in the liver as early as day 5, and the infiltrated macrophages were mainly monocyte-derived macrophages (CD11bhi F4/80int MoMFs) that preferentially differentiated into the M1 phenotype (iNOS+) at the early stage of E. multilocularis infection and then polarized to anti-inflammatory macrophages of the M2 phenotype (CD206+) at the chronic stage of infection. We further showed that elimination of macrophages by treatment of mice with clodronate-liposomes before E. multilocularis infection impaired worm expulsion and was accompanied by a reduction in liver fibrosis, yielding a high parasite burden. These results suggest that hepatic macrophages may play a dual role in the establishment and development of E. multilocularis metacestodes in which early larvae clearance is promoted by M1 macrophages while persistent metacestode infection is favored by M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, China
| | - Chuan-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Case Management of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin-Bin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen-Ding Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhi-De Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liang Li
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Bi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Case Management of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Case Management of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Abuduaini Abulizi
- Department of Hepatic Hydatid and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying-Mei Shao
- Department of Hepatic Hydatid and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ren-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Case Management of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre on Prevention and Case Management of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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21
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Wang C, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Jin H, Wei C, Wu C, Mei L, Liu Y, Zhang P. Cytokine Profiles and the Effect of Intravitreal Aflibercept Treatment on Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 65:68-76. [PMID: 33279910 DOI: 10.1159/000513588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to investigate the profiles of inflammatory cytokines and the macrophage polarization gene in a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model before and after intravitreal aflibercept treatment. METHODS The CNV mouse model was conducted by laser photocoagulation. A total of 58 cytokines were measured by the multiplex mouse cytokine antibody array. The macrophage polarization genes were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between the cytokines and the CNV lesion area was analyzed by correlation. RESULTS MIP-1a on day 3 after laser photocoagulation, MCP-5 and Fas-L on day 7, and IL-15 and IL-7 on day 14 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.001, fold change >10.0). After the intravitreal aflibercept treatment, GM-CSF and MCP-1 on day 3 and TIMP-1 on days 7 and 14 were the most significantly upregulated cytokines (p < 0.001, fold change >10.0). MIP-1 on day 3, IL-13 and Fas-L on day 7, and Fas-L on day 14 were the most significantly downregulated cytokines after intravitreal aflibercept treatment (p < 0.001, fold change >5.0). M2 polarization and VEGFA genes were significantly increased in the CNV formation, whereas aflibercept suppressed M2 polarization and VEGFA genes. IL-7 was negatively related to the CNV lesion area on day 14 after intravitreal aflibercept treatment (r = -0.938, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The inflammatory cytokines and the M1/M2 macrophage genes significantly changed in the CNV mouse model. This result suggests that inflammatory cytokines and macrophages play a critical role in the physiopathology of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Huixiang Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Chenghua Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Changfan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Lixin Mei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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22
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Hou C, Mei Q, Song X, Bao Q, Li X, Wang D, Shen Y. Mono-macrophage-Derived MANF Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibiting Inflammation and Renal M1 Macrophages. Inflammation 2020; 44:693-703. [PMID: 33145627 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The outburst of renal inflammatory response has been found to be a crucial cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Attenuating the renal inflammation is an effective way for AKI treatment. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) has been proven to be an anti-inflammatory factor. However, the effect of MANF on renal inflammation induced by AKI is unknown. In this study, we have investigated the effect of mono-macrophage-derived MANF on AKI. We constructed the mono-macrophage-specific MANF knockout (Mø MANF-/-) mouse and used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce AKI in wild-type (WT) and Mø MANF-/- mice. With mono-macrophage-specific MANF deficiency, Mø MANF-/- mice had a lower survival rate, more severe renal injury, and higher serum level of pro-inflammatory TNF-α after AKI was induced by LPS. Also, compared with WT mice, there were more M1 macrophages in renal tissues of Mø MANF-/- mice with LPS treatment, which might be attributed to the enhanced NF-κB activation in the renal microenvironment. Our study indicates the immunoregulatory role of mono-macrophage-derived MANF in the pathophysiological process of AKI, as well as the potential clinical application of MANF for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuegang Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Bao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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23
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Prakash H, Upadhyay D, Bandapalli OR, Jain A, Kleuser B. Host sphingolipids: Perspective immune adjuvant for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection for managing COVID-19 disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 152:106504. [PMID: 33147503 PMCID: PMC7605809 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
That Sphingolipid derivatives are promising drug candidates for the management of novel COVID-19 disease. C-1P based tailoring of Th1 effector immunity for the eradication of infection is a translationally viable approach and deserves immediate attention. That C-1P would promote the killing of infected cells and resolve infection in moderate to severely infected cases. Ceramide derivatives can be exploited as drug candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2 against novel COVID-19 disease.
Sphingolipids are potent bioactive agents involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory bacterial infections. To date, several sphingolipid derivatives are known, but S1P (Sphingosine-1-phosphate) and Ceramide are the best-studied sphingolipid derivatives in the context of human diseases. These are membrane-bound lipids that influence host-pathogen interactions. Based on these features, we believe that sphingolipids might control SARS-CoV-2 infection in the host. SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the ACE-II receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor) on epithelial cells for its entry and replication. Activation of the ACE-II receptor is indirectly associated with the activation of S1P Receptor 1 signaling which is associated with IL-6 driven fibrosis. This is expected to promote pathological responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 cases. Given this, mitigating S1P signaling by application of either S1P Lyase (SPL) or S1P analog (Fingolimod / FTY720) seems to be potential approach for controlling these pathological outcomes. However, due to the immunosuppressive nature of FTY720, it can modulate hyper-inflammatory responses and only provide symptomatic relief, which may not be sufficient for controlling the novel COVID-19 infection. Since Th1 effector immune responses are essential for the clearance of infection, we believe that other sphingolipid derivatives like Cermaide-1 Phosphate with antiviral potential and adjuvant immune potential can potentially control SARS-CoV-2 infection in the host by its ability in enhancing autophagy and antigen presentation by DC to promote T cell response which can be helpful in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection in novel COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Dilip Upadhyay
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, University of Potsdam Nuthetal, Germany
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24
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Liu WL, Chiang FT, Kao JTW, Chiou SH, Lin HL. GSK3 modulation in acute lung injury, myocarditis and polycystic kidney disease-related aneurysm. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2020; 1867:118798. [PMID: 32693109 PMCID: PMC7368652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GSK3 are involved in different physical and pathological conditions and inflammatory regulated by macrophages contribute to significant mechanism. Infection stimuli may modulate GSK3 activity and influence host cell adaption, immune cells infiltration or cytokine expressions. To further address the role of GSK3 modulation in macrophages, the signal transduction of three major organs challenged by endotoxin, virus and genetic inherited factors are briefly introduced (lung injury, myocarditis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease). As a result of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of GSK3 in different microenvironments and stages of macrophages (M1/M2), the rational resolution should be considered by adequately GSK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Center For Innovation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juliana Tze-Wah Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan,Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Lin
- Center For Innovation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Fund Managing, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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25
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Ranéia E Silva PA, da Costa Neves A, da Rocha CB, Moura-da-Silva AM, Faquim-Mauro EL. Differential Macrophage Subsets in Muscle Damage Induced by a K49-PLA 2 from Bothrops jararacussu Venom Modulate the Time Course of the Regeneration Process. Inflammation 2019; 42:1542-54. [PMID: 31123944 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops snakes cause around 80% of snakebites in Brazil, with muscle tissue damage as an important consequence, which may cause dysfunction on the affected limb. Bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I) from Bothrops jararacussu is a K49-phospholipase A2, involved in the injury and envenomation's inflammatory response. Immune system components act in the resolution of tissue damage and regeneration. Thus, macrophages exert a crucial role in the elimination of dead tissue and muscle repair. Here, we studied the cellular influx and presence of classical and alternative macrophages (M1 and M2) during muscle injury induced by BthTX-I and the regeneration process. BthTX-I elicited intense inflammatory response characterized by neutrophil migration, then increased influx of M1 macrophages followed by M2 population that declined, resulting in tissue regeneration. The high expressions of TNF-α and IL6 were changed by increased TGF-β expression after BthTX-I injection, coinciding with the iNOs and arginase expression and the peaks of M1 and M2 macrophages in muscle tissue. A coordinated sequence of PAX7, MyoD, and myogenin expression involved in muscle regenerative process appeared after BthTX-I injection. Together, these results demonstrate a direct correlation between the macrophage subsets, cytokine microenvironment, and the myogenesis process. This information may be useful for new envenomation and muscular dysfunction therapies.
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26
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Chen LM, Tseng HY, Chen YA, Al Haq AT, Hwang PA, Hsu HL. Oligo-Fucoidan Prevents M2 Macrophage Differentiation and HCT116 Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020421. [PMID: 32059469 PMCID: PMC7072369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during intracellular metabolism or triggered by extrinsic factors can promote neoplastic transformation and malignant microenvironment that mediate tumor development. Oligo-Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the brown seaweed. Using human THP-1 monocytes and murine Raw264.7 macrophages as well as human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, primary C6P2-L1 colorectal cancer cells and human MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, we investigated the effect of Oligo-Fucoidan on inhibiting M2 macrophage differentiation and its therapeutic potential as a supplement in chemotherapy and tumor prevention. We now demonstrate that Oligo-Fucoidan is an antioxidant that suppresses intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels in monocytes/macrophages and in aggressive cancer cells. Comparable to ROS inhibitors (DPI and NAC), Oligo-Fucoidan directly induced monocyte polarization toward M1-like macrophages and repolarized M2 macrophages into M1 phenotypes. DPI and Oligo-Fucoidan also cooperatively prevented M2 macrophage invasiveness. Indirectly, M1 polarity was advanced particularly when DPI suppressed ROS generation and supplemented with Oligo-Fucoidan in the cancer cells. Moreover, cisplatin chemoagent polarized monocytes and M0 macrophages toward M2-like phenotypes and Oligo-Fucoidan supplementation reduced these side effects. Furthermore, Oligo-Fucoidan promoted cytotoxicity of cisplatin and antagonized cisplatin effect on cancer cells to prevent M2 macrophage differentiation. More importantly, Oligo-Fucoidan inhibited tumor progression and M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor microenvironment, thus increasing of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (L.-M.C.); (H.-Y.T.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.T.A.H.)
| | - Hong-Yu Tseng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (L.-M.C.); (H.-Y.T.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.T.A.H.)
| | - Yen-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (L.-M.C.); (H.-Y.T.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.T.A.H.)
| | - Aushia Tanzih Al Haq
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (L.-M.C.); (H.-Y.T.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.T.A.H.)
| | - Pai-An Hwang
- National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (L.-M.C.); (H.-Y.T.); (Y.-A.C.); (A.T.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 35329); Fax: +886-37-586-459
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27
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Fernandes TL, Gomoll AH, Lattermann C, Hernandez AJ, Bueno DF, Amano MT. Macrophage: A Potential Target on Cartilage Regeneration. Front Immunol 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 32117263 PMCID: PMC7026000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis (OA) presents an ever-increasing clinical and socioeconomic burden. Synovial inflammation and articular inflammatory environment are the key factor for chondrocytes apoptosis and hypertrophy, ectopic bone formation and OA progression. To effectively treat OA, it is critical to develop a drug that skews inflammation toward a pro-chondrogenic microenvironment. In this narrative and critical review, we aim to see the potential use of immune cells modulation or cell therapy as therapeutic alternatives to OA patients. Macrophages are immune cells that are present in synovial lining, with different roles depending on their subtypes. These cells can polarize to pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, being the latter associated with wound-healing by the production of ARG-1 and pro-chondrogenic cytokines, such as IL-10, IL-1RA, and TGF-b. Emerging evidence reveals that macrophage shift can be determined by several stimuli, apart from the conventional in vitro IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10. Evidences show the potential of physical exercise to induce type 2 response, favoring M2 polarization. Moreover, macrophages in contact with oxLDL have effect on the production of anabolic mediators as TGF-b. In the same direction, type II collagen, that plays a critical role in development and maturation process of chondrocytes, can also induce M2 macrophages, increasing TGF-b. The mTOR pathway activation in macrophages was shown to be able to polarize macrophages in vitro, though further studies are required. The possibility to use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage restoration have a more concrete literature, besides, MSCs also have the capability to induce M2 macrophages. In the other direction, M1 polarized macrophages inhibit the proliferation and viability of MSCs and impair their ability to immunosuppress the environment, preventing cartilage repair. Therefore, even though MSCs therapeutic researches advances, other sources of M2 polarization are attractive issues, and further studies will contribute to the possibility to manipulate this polarization and to use it as a therapeutic approach in OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes
- Sports Medicine Division, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Cartilage Repair and Sports Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Cartilage Repair and Sports Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arnaldo Jose Hernandez
- Sports Medicine Division, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Ehmedah A, Nedeljkovic P, Dacic S, Repac J, Draskovic Pavlovic B, Vucevic D, Pekovic S, Bozic Nedeljkovic B. Vitamin B Complex Treatment Attenuates Local Inflammation after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Molecules 2019; 24:E4615. [PMID: 31861069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) leads to a series of cellular and molecular events necessary for axon regeneration and reinnervation of target tissues, among which inflammation is crucial for the orchestration of all these processes. Macrophage activation underlies the pathogenesis of PNI and is characterized by morphological/phenotype transformation from proinflammatory (M1) to an anti-inflammatory (M2) type with different functions in the inflammatory and reparative process. The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of the vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12) complex on the process of neuroinflammation that is in part regulated by l-type CaV1.2 calcium channels. A controlled transection of the motor branch of the femoral peripheral nerve was used as an experimental model. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, and 14 injections of vitamin B complex. Isolated nerves were used for immunofluorescence analysis. Treatment with vitamin B complex decreased expression of proinflammatory and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus contributing to the resolution of neuroinflammation. In parallel, B vitamins decreased the number of M1 macrophages that expressed the CaV1.2 channel, and increased the number of M2 macrophages that expressed this channel, suggesting their role in M1/M2 transition after PNI. In conclusion, B vitamins had the potential for treatment of neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration and thereby might be an effective therapy for PNI in humans.
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Zhang X, Xiao S, Li Q. Pravastatin polarizes the phenotype of macrophages toward M2 and elevates serum cholesterol levels in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3365-3373. [PMID: 30058421 PMCID: PMC6134684 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518787671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Statins are clinically used for protection against cardiovascular disease with lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties tip the balance of macrophage polarization, which is an essential process in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pravastatin on atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-KO) mice without high lipid feeding. Methods Six 8-week-old apoE-KO male mice were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a pravastatin (40 mg·kg−1·day−1)-treated group. At 35 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the size of plaques on the aorta was assessed by Oil Red O staining. M1 and M2 macrophages were identified by inducible nitric oxide synthase and arginase-I, respectively, using immunohistochemistry. Results Pravastatin increased the size of atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-KO mice without high lipid feeding. The ratio of M1/M2 macrophages increased in atherosclerotic plaques, which might slow the process of atherosclerosis, while blood cholesterol levels were elevated. Conclusion Our study suggests that pravastatin polarizes the phenotype of macrophages toward M2 in atherosclerotic lesions, despite an increase in serum cholesterol levels in ApoE-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Xiao
- 3 Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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30
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Schneider A, Weier M, Herderschee J, Perreau M, Calandra T, Roger T, Giannoni E. IRF5 Is a Key Regulator of Macrophage Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Newborns. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1597. [PMID: 30050534 PMCID: PMC6050365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. The high susceptibility of newborns to infection has been associated with a limited capacity to mount protective immune responses. Monocytes and macrophages are involved in the initiation, amplification, and termination of immune responses. Depending on cues received from their environment, monocytes differentiate into M1 or M2 macrophages with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties, respectively. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in monocyte to macrophage differentiation and polarization between newborns and adults. Monocytes from umbilical cord blood of healthy term newborns and from peripheral blood of adult healthy subjects were exposed to GM-CSF or M-CSF to induce M1 or M2 macrophages. Newborn monocytes differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages with similar morphology and expression of differentiation/polarization markers as adult monocytes, with the exception of CD163 that was expressed at sevenfold higher levels in newborn compared to adult M1 macrophages. Upon TLR4 stimulation, newborn M1 macrophages produced threefold to sixfold lower levels of TNF than adult macrophages, while production of IL-1-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-23 was at similar levels as in adults. Nuclear levels of IRF5, a transcription factor involved in M1 polarization, were markedly reduced in newborns, whereas the NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways were not altered. In line with a functional role for IRF5, adenoviral-mediated IRF5 overexpression in newborn M1 macrophages restored lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production. Altogether, these data highlight a distinct immune response of newborn macrophages and identify IRF5 as a key regulator of macrophage TNF response in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Schneider
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Weier
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacobus Herderschee
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Calandra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Chylikova J, Dvorackova J, Tauber Z, Kamarad V. M1/M2 macrophage polarization in human obese adipose tissue. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 162:79-82. [PMID: 29765169 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are closely associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, where macrophages play an important role. Adipose tissue macrophages can be divided into two main phenotypes: the classical M1 macrophages and alternatively activated macrophages M2. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin IL-6 and MCP-1) and thus contribute to the development of insulin resistance. On the other hand, M2 macrophages, anti-inflammatory, are involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and are typical in the adipose tissue of slender individuals. Macrophages can also play a role in the pathogenesis of other serious illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases or cancer. This article reviews the latest data on macrophage polarization in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Chylikova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dvorackova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Kamarad
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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32
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Xie Y, Zhao D, Dong P, Lai L. Macrophage-targeting Fasudil treatment protects liver from the ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Biosci Rep 2018:BSR20171734. [PMID: 29440458 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play essential roles in the generation and resolution of inflammation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) triggers a systemic inflammatory response and leads to cellular injury and organ failure. During surgical procedures of the liver, such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, IRI leads to the dysfunction of the liver. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors were reported protecting the liver from IRI. However, the systematic administration of ROCK inhibitors causes severe hypotension. Here, using Fasudil carried liposomes, we specifically inhibited the ROCK-II expression in Kupffer cells and blood monocytes. Through this macrophage/monocyte specific treatment of Fasudil, we successfully protected the liver from IRI by shifting Kupffer cells/monocytes from M1/classical to M2/patrolling phenotype in the liver and peripheral blood. Our finding provides novel insights into the macrophage/monocyte-specific drug delivery and the treatment of liver IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Di Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Pingshuan Dong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Lihong Lai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
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Arora S, Dev K, Agarwal B, Das P, Syed MA. Macrophages: Their role, activation and polarization in pulmonary diseases. Immunobiology 2017; 223:383-396. [PMID: 29146235 PMCID: PMC7114886 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, circulating in the blood or concatenated into different organs and tissues constitute the first barrier against any disease. They are foremost controllers of both innate and acquired immunity, healthy tissue homeostasis, vasculogenesis and congenital metabolism. Two hallmarks of macrophages are diversity and plasticity due to which they acquire a wobbling array of phenotypes. These phenotypes are appropriately synchronized responses to a variety of different stimuli from either the tissue microenvironment or - microbes or their products. Based on the phenotype, macrophages are classified into classically activated/(M1) and alternatively activated/(M2) which are further sub-categorized into M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d based upon gene expression profiles. Macrophage phenotype metamorphosis is the regulating factor in initiation, progression, and termination of numerous inflammatory diseases. Several transcriptional factors and other factors controlling gene expression such as miRNAs contribute to the transformation of macrophages at different points in different diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and modulation of their phenotypes to adjust to the micro environmental conditions might provide us a great prospective for designing novel therapeutic strategy. In view of the above, this review summarises the activation of macrophages, the factors intricated in activation along with benefaction of macrophage polarization in response to microbial infections, pulmonary toxicity, lung injury and other inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary dysplasia (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), asthma and sepsis, along with the existing efforts to develop therapies targeting this facet of macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Arora
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Beamon Agarwal
- Department of Hematopathology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467-2401, United States.
| | - Pragnya Das
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, United States.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Park SY, Lee SW, Lee SY, Hong KW, Bae SS, Kim K, Kim CD. SIRT1/Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase α Signaling Enhances Macrophage Polarization to an Anti-inflammatory Phenotype in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1135. [PMID: 28966618 PMCID: PMC5605563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophages of the M1 phenotype act as pro-inflammatory mediators in synovium, whereas those of the M2 phenotype suppress inflammation and promote tissue repair. SIRT1 is a class 3 histone deacetylase with anti-inflammatory characteristics. However, the role played by SIRT1 in macrophage polarization has not been defined in RA. We investigated whether SIRT1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating M1/M2 polarization in macrophages from RA patients. In this study, SIRT1 activation promoted the phosphorylation of an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α/acetyl-CoA carboxylase in macrophages exposed to interleukin (IL)-4, and that this resulted in the expressions of M2 genes, including MDC, FcεRII, MrC1, and IL-10, at high levels. Furthermore, these expressions were inhibited by sirtinol (an inhibitor of SIRT1) and compound C (an inhibitor of AMPK). Moreover, SIRT1 activation downregulated LPS/interferon γ-mediated NF-κB activity by inhibiting p65 acetylation and the expression of M1 genes, such as CCL2, iNOS, IL-12 p35, and IL-12 p40. Macrophages from SIRT1 transgenic (Tg)-mice exhibited enhanced polarization of M2 phenotype macrophages and reduced polarization of M1 phenotype macrophages. In line with these observations, SIRT1-Tg mice showed less histological signs of arthritis, that is, lower TNFα and IL-1β expressions and less severe arthritis in the knee joints, compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, the study shows activation of SIRT1/AMPKα signaling exerts anti-inflammatory activities by regulating M1/M2 polarization, and thereby reduces inflammatory responses in RA. Furthermore, it suggests that SIRT1 signaling be viewed as a therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.,Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-Associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
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35
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Hondroulis E, Movila A, Sabhachandani P, Sarkar S, Cohen N, Kawai T, Konry T. A droplet-merging platform for comparative functional analysis of m1 and m2 macrophages in response to e. coli-induced stimuli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:705-709. [PMID: 27723125 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic droplets are used to isolate cell pairs and prevent crosstalk with neighboring cells, while permitting free motility and interaction within the confined space. Dynamic analysis of cellular heterogeneity in droplets has provided insights in various biological processes. Droplet manipulation methods such as fusion and fission make it possible to precisely regulate the localized environment of a cell in a droplet and deliver reagents as required. Droplet fusion strategies achieved by passive mechanisms preserve cell viability and are easier to fabricate and operate. Here, we present a simple and effective method for the co-encapsulation of polarized M1 and M2 macrophages with Escherichia coli (E. coli) by passive merging in an integrated droplet generation, merging, and docking platform. This approach facilitated live cell profiling of effector immune functions in situ and quantitative functional analysis of macrophage heterogeneity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 705-709. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Hondroulis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Pooja Sabhachandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
| | - Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
| | - Noa Cohen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
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36
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Feriotti C, Bazan SB, Loures FV, Araújo EF, Costa TA, Calich VLG. Expression of dectin-1 and enhanced activation of NALP3 inflammasome are associated with resistance to paracoccidioidomycosis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:913. [PMID: 26388856 PMCID: PMC4558525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes β-glucans and plays a major role in the immunity against fungal pathogens. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, has a sugar-rich cell wall mainly composed of mannans and glucans. To investigate the role of dectin-1 in the innate immunity of resistant (A/J) and susceptible (B10.A) mice to P. brasiliensis infection, we evaluated the role of curdlan (a dectin-1 agonist) and laminarin (a dectin-1 antagonist) in the activation of macrophages from both mouse strains. We verified that curdlan has a negligible role in the activation of B10.A macrophages but enhances the phagocytic and fungicidal abilities of A/J macrophages. Curdlan up-regulated the expression of costimulatory molecules and PRRs in A/J macrophages that express elevated levels of dectin-1, but not in B10.A cells. In addition, curdlan treatment inhibited arginase-1 and enhanced NO-synthase mRNA expression in infected A/J macrophages but had not effect in B10.A cells. In contrast, laminarin reinforced the respective M2/M1 profiles of infected A/J and B10.A macrophages. Following curdlan treatment, A/J macrophages showed significantly higher Syk kinase phosphorylation and expression of intracellular pro-IL-1β than B10.A cells. These findings led us to investigate if the NRLP3 inflammasome was differently activated in A/J and B10.A cells. Indeed, compared with B10.A cells A/J macrophages showed an increased expression of NALP3, ASC, and IL-1β mRNA. They also showed elevated caspase-1 activity and secreted high levels of mature IL-β and IL-18 after curdlan treatment and P. brasiliensis infection. Our data demonstrate that soluble and particulate β-glucans exert opposed modulatory activities on macrophages of diverse genetic patterns. Moreover, the synergistic action of dectin-1 and NALP3 inflammasome were for the first time associated with the innate response of resistant hosts to P. brasiliensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feriotti
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia B Bazan
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Loures
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliseu F Araújo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia A Costa
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L G Calich
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Schilbach K, Alkhaled M, Welker C, Eckert F, Blank G, Ziegler H, Sterk M, Müller F, Sonntag K, Wieder T, Braumüller H, Schmitt J, Eyrich M, Schleicher S, Seitz C, Erbacher A, Pichler BJ, Müller H, Tighe R, Lim A, Gillies SD, Strittmatter W, Röcken M, Handgretinger R. Cancer-targeted IL-12 controls human rhabdomyosarcoma by senescence induction and myogenic differentiation. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1014760. [PMID: 26140238 PMCID: PMC4485786 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1014760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating the immune system to attack cancer is a promising approach, even for the control of advanced cancers. Several cytokines that promote interferon-γ-dominated immune responses show antitumor activity, with interleukin 12 (IL-12) being of major importance. Here, we used an antibody-IL-12 fusion protein (NHS-IL12) that binds histones of necrotic cells to treat human sarcoma in humanized mice. Following sarcoma engraftment, NHS-IL12 therapy was combined with either engineered IL-7 (FcIL-7) or IL-2 (IL-2MAB602) for continuous cytokine bioavailability. NHS-IL12 strongly induced innate and adaptive antitumor immunity when combined with IL-7 or IL-2. NHS-IL12 therapy significantly improved survival of sarcoma-bearing mice and caused long-term remissions when combined with IL-2. NHS-IL12 induced pronounced cancer cell senescence, as documented by strong expression of senescence-associated p16INK4a and nuclear translocation of p-HP1γ, and permanent arrest of cancer cell proliferation. In addition, this cancer immunotherapy initiated the induction of myogenic differentiation, further promoting the hypothesis that efficient antitumor immunity includes mechanisms different from cytotoxicity for efficient cancer control in vivo.
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Key Words
- CIP1, CDK-interacting protein 1
- DNAM-1, DNAX accessory molecule-1
- KIR, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
- M1/M2 macrophages
- MICA/B, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A/B
- NKG, natural killer group
- NSG, NOD SCID gamma chain knock out mouse
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PVR, poliovirus receptor
- RMS, rhabdomyosarcoma, (eRMS: embryonal, aRMS: alveolar)
- ROI, region of interest
- RORC, RAR-related orphan receptor C
- SCT, stem cell transplantation
- SPECT/CT, single-photon emission computed tomography
- TH1-induced senescence
- TH17 cells
- TRBV, T-cell receptor beta chain
- ULBP, UL16 binding protein
- WAF, wild-type activating fragment
- cancer-targeted IL-12
- differentiation
- humanized mice
- immunocytokine
- immunotherapy
- pHP1γ, phosphorylated heterochromatin protein 1 gamma
- rhabdomyosarcoma
- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schilbach
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammed Alkhaled
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Welker
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Eberhard Karls University ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Blank
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; University Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ziegler
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Sterk
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Müller
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Sonntag
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Department of Dermatology; Eberhard Karls University ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heidi Braumüller
- Department of Dermatology; Eberhard Karls University ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Schmitt
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center; Department for Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy; Eberhard Karls University ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- University of Würzburg; Department of Pediatrics; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Laboratory ; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schleicher
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Erbacher
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center; Department for Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy; Eberhard Karls University ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Müller
- Department of General Pathology; Institute of Pathology; Eberhard Karls University ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Tighe
- EMD Serono Research Institute ; Billerica, MA USA
| | - Annick Lim
- Départment d'Immunologie; Institute Pasteur ; Paris, France
| | | | | | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology; Eberhard Karls University ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of General Pediatrics; Oncology/Hematology; University Children's Hospital ; Tübingen, Germany
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Harris RA. Spatial, Temporal, and Functional Aspects of Macrophages during "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly" Phases of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:612. [PMID: 25520719 PMCID: PMC4253962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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39
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Abstract
Two main types of macrophage functions are known: classical (M1), producing nitric oxide, NO, and M2, in which arginase activity is primarily expressed. Ornithine, the product of arginase, is a substrate for synthesis of polyamines and collagen, important for growth and ontogeny of animals. M2 macrophages, expressing high level of mitochondrial arginase, have been implicated in promoting cell division and deposition of collagen during ontogeny and wound repair. Arginase expression is the default mode of tissue macrophages, but can also be amplified by signals, such as IL-4/13 or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that accelerates wound healing and tissue repair. In worms, the induction of collagen gene is coupled with induction of immune response genes, both depending on the same TGF-β-like pathway. This suggests that the main function of M2 “heal” type macrophages is originally connected with the TGF-β superfamily of proteins, which are involved in regulation of tissue and organ differentiation in embryogenesis. Excretory–secretory products of metazoan parasites are able to induce M2-type of macrophage responses promoting wound healing without participation of Th2 cytokines IL-4/IL-13. The expression of arginase in lower animals can be induced by the presence of parasite antigens and TGF-β signals leading to collagen synthesis. This also means that the main proteins, which, in primitive metazoans, are involved in regulation of tissue and organ differentiation in embryogenesis are produced by innate immunity. The signaling function of NO is known already from the sponge stage of animal evolution. The cytotoxic role of NO molecule appeared later, as documented in immunity of marine mollusks and some insects. This implies that the M2-wound healing promoting function predates the defensive role of NO, a characteristic of M1 macrophages. Understanding when and how the M1 and M2 activities came to be in animals is useful for understanding how macrophage immunity, and immune responses operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Maria Dzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW , Warszawa , Poland
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40
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is composed of a variety of cell types that include mature adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocyte progenitors, and a range of inflammatory leukocytes. These cells work in concert to promote nutrient storage in adipose tissue depots and vary widely based on location. In addition, overnutrition and obesity impart significant changes in the architecture of adipose tissue that are strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction. Recent studies have called attention to the importance of adipose tissue microenvironments in regulating adipocyte function and therefore require techniques that preserve cellular interactions and permit detailed analysis of three-dimensional structures in fat. This chapter summarizes our experience with the use of laser scanning confocal microscopy for imaging adipose tissue in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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