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Vernmark K, Knutsen A, Loftås P, Sun XF. The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in mucinous and non-mucinous rectal adenocarcinoma patients after TME surgery. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282211. [PMID: 36848363 PMCID: PMC9970087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The value of adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer patients is debated and varies in different subgroups. One such subgroup is mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC), which is more treatment resistant compared to non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMAC). To date, mucinous histology is not taken into account when deciding on adjuvant treatment strategy. This is the first study to exclusively include patients with rectal cancer, then separate MAC and NMAC and compare the survival in patients that had or did not have adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included retrospective register data from 365 Swedish patients with stage II-IV rectal adenocarcinoma, 56 patients with MAC and 309 patients with NMAC. All patients were considered curative, had surgery with total mesorectal excision in 2004-2013, and were followed up until death or 2021. RESULTS Patients with MAC that had adjuvant chemotherapy had better overall survival (OS, HR 0.42; CI 95%: 0.19-0.93; p = 0.032) and a trend towards better cancer-specific survival (CSS, HR 0.41 CI 95%: 0.17-1.03; p = 0.057) compared to patients without chemotherapy (HR 0.42; CI 95%: 0.19-0.93; p = 0.032). The difference in OS was still significant even after adjusting for sex, age, stage, differentiation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy (HR 0.40; CI 95%: 0.17-0.92; p = 0.031). There was no such difference in the NMAC patients except in the stage-by-stage subgroup analyses where patients in stage IV had better survival after adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS There may be a difference in treatment response to adjuvant chemotherapy between MAC and NMAC patients. Patients with MAC could possibly benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in stages II-IV. Further studies are however needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Vernmark
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annika Knutsen
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Per Loftås
- Department of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Qin X, Luo R, Wang H, Wang H, Luo H. Risk Factors for Synchronous Peritoneal Metastases in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:885504. [PMID: 35795042 PMCID: PMC9251319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.885504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of synchronous colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPMs) is difficult due to the absence of typical symptoms and the low accuracy of imaging examinations. Increasing the knowledge of the risk factors for synchronous CPM may be essential for early diagnosis and improving their management. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for synchronous CPM. Method The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020198548). The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing the clinicopathological and molecular features between patients with or without synchronous CPM. The pooled data were assessed by a random-effects model. Results Twenty-five studies were included. A synchronous CPM was positively associated with female sex (OR 1.299; 1.118 to 1.509; P = 0.001), PROK1/PROKR2-positivity (OR 2.244; 1.031 to 4.884; P = 0.042), right-sided colon cancer (OR 2.468; 2.050 to 2.970; P < 0.001), poorly differentiated grade (OR 2.560; 1.537 to 4.265; P < 0.001), BRAF mutation (OR 2.586; 1.674 to 3.994; P < 0.001), mucinous adenocarcinoma (OR 3.565; 2.095 to 6.064; P < 0.001), signet-ring cell carcinoma (OR 4.480; 1.836 to 10.933; P = 0.001), N1-2 (OR 5.665; 3.628 to 8.848; P < 0.001), T4 (OR 12.331; 7.734 to 19.660; P < 0.001) and elevated serum CA19-9 (OR 12.868; 5.196 to 31.867; P < 0.001). Conclusions These evidence-based risk factors are indicators that could predict the presence of synchronous CPMs and can improve their management. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD42020198548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiusen Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaiming Wang, ; Hongzhi Luo,
| | - Hongzhi Luo
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Huaiming Wang, ; Hongzhi Luo,
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Vernmark K, Sun XF, Holmqvist A. Mucinous and Non-Mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma-Differences in Treatment Response to Preoperative Radiotherapy. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040226. [PMID: 33202796 PMCID: PMC7711895 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to personalize the treatment for rectal cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyze therapy response and prognosis after preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma compared to those with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. The study included retrospectively collected data from 433 patients, diagnosed with rectal cancer in the South East health care region in Sweden between 2004 and 2012. Patients with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma that received short-course radiotherapy before surgery had better overall survival, cancer specific survival, and disease-free survival, as well as distant- and local-recurrence-free survival (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, and p = 0.033, respectively) compared to the patients that received long-course radiotherapy with concomitant capecitabine. The results were still significant after adjusting for sex, age, stage, differentiation, and chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant setting, except for local-recurrence-free survival that was trending towards significance (p = 0.070). In patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma, no difference in survival was seen when comparing patients that had short-course radiotherapy and patients that had long-course radiotherapy. However, none of 18 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma treated with long-course radiotherapy had local tumor progression, compared to 7% of 67 patients with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. The results indicate that mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma may respond differently to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Vernmark
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; (K.V.); (A.H.)
- Department of Oncology in Linköping, and Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer care, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; (K.V.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-10-1032066
| | - Annica Holmqvist
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; (K.V.); (A.H.)
- Department of Oncology in Linköping, and Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer care, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Sarioglu S, Akturk G, Sokmen S, Ellidokuz H, Canda AE, Unlu M, Sirin AH, Sagol O, Terzi C, Fuzun M. The Prognostic Implications of FIX and FLO Patterns in Mucinous Colon Carcinomas. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:254-259. [PMID: 29376207 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colon mucinous carcinomas (MUCs) have two morphological patterns: (i) glands lined by mucinous epithelium with direct contact to the stroma (FIX) and (ii) carcinoma cells floating in mucin (FLO). In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of these patterns. METHODS Digital images were captured from the 38 MUC's tissue sections. A grid with 140 points was laid over the computer screen. Totally, 100 points, falling on tumor cells floating in mucin (FLO patterned cells) or on cells contacting stroma (FIX patterned cells), were counted. Tumors were grouped according to the median value of the FIX patterned cells. Cases with more than this value were grouped as FIX and less were grouped as FLO cases. The prognostic value of FIX and FLO pattern was evaluated. RESULTS The median for FIX patterned cells was 66%, and the cases with lower values than this were grouped as FLO (N = 18; 47.37%), while the rest were grouped as FIX cases. There was no significant difference between FIX and FLO cases for overall survival cases (p = 0.167). For FIX cases, 62.7 and 51.3% of the patients were alive at second and third years, while this was 78.9 and 72.4% for the FLO group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study using a quantitative methodology depending on count pointing to evaluate FIX/FLO feature of MUCs to the best of our knowledge, although we could not observed any prognostic and clinicopathologic relationship statistically. This distinctive feature should be studied in larger cohorts with prognostic information, with a quantitative method, like the one that was applied in this study, in order to achieve strict conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulen Sarioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Guray Akturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Precision Pathology Biobanking Center, New York, USA
| | - Selman Sokmen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aras Emre Canda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehtat Unlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Haluk Sirin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Sagol
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cem Terzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fuzun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Massalou D, Benizri E, Chevallier A, Duranton-Tanneur V, Pedeutour F, Benchimol D, Béréder JM. Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer: novel clinical and molecular outcomes. Am J Surg 2016; 213:377-387. [PMID: 27816197 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic impact of parameters in peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. METHODS We collected data from patients treated by cytoreductive surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to colorectal cancer. RESULTS Ninety-one procedures were performed. In univariate analysis, an increased peritoneal cancer index was associated with decreased survival (P < .001). The presence of signet ring cells was associated to a decrease in survival from 45.8 to 12.1 months (P < .001). Microsatellite sequences instability status was the only molecular prognostic factor correlated with an increase in median disease-free survival: 12.4 vs 24.9 months (P = .01). The presence of a mucinous component was associated with a decreased of survival from 51.9 to 35.1 months (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Clinical factors were affecting the survival of patients. The absence of signet ring cells and mucinous component and the presence of microsatellite sequences instability may be favorable prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Massalou
- Department of General Surgery and Digestive Cancerology, Nice University Hospital, 151 route de St. Antoine de Ginestière, Nice, 06200, France; Acute Care Surgery Unit, Emergency Department and Intensive Care, Nice University Hospital, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Benizri
- Department of General Surgery and Digestive Cancerology, Nice University Hospital, 151 route de St. Antoine de Ginestière, Nice, 06200, France.
| | - Anne Chevallier
- Central Laboratory of Pathology, Laboratory Department, Nice University Hospital, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Valérie Duranton-Tanneur
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Laboratory Department, Nice University Hospital, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Laboratory Department, Nice University Hospital, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Daniel Benchimol
- Department of General Surgery and Digestive Cancerology, Nice University Hospital, 151 route de St. Antoine de Ginestière, Nice, 06200, France
| | - Jean-Marc Béréder
- Department of General Surgery and Digestive Cancerology, Nice University Hospital, 151 route de St. Antoine de Ginestière, Nice, 06200, France
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Mitomi H, Okayasu I, Bronner MP, Kanazawa H, Nishiyama Y, Otani Y, Sada M, Tanabe S, Igarashi M, Katsumata T, Saigenji K. Comparative Histologic Assessment of Proctocolectomy Specimens from Japanese and American Patients with Ulcerative Colitis with or Without Dysplasia. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 13:259-65. [PMID: 16086081 DOI: 10.1177/106689690501300305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There have been no reports of histologic differences in ulcerative colitis (UC) between Japanese and American patients. We therefore compared histology in proctocolectomy resection specimens between Japanese patients with UC (19 cases with and 21 without dysplasia) at the Kitasato University East Hospital and American patients with UC (21 cases with and 24 without dysplasia) at the University of Washington Medical Center. In cases of UC with, but not without dysplasia, cryptitis (p = 0.010) and epithelial apoptosis (p < 0.001) in the nondysplastic mucosa were more frequently observed in Japanese than in American cases, whereas lamina propria fibrosis was more prominent in American counterparts (p = 0.008). In patients with UC with dysplasia, the duration of disease was significantly longer in American than in Japanese patients (median, 17 vs 14 years, respectively; p = 0.038). This might, in part, explain the histologic variation. Another possibility for the differences is that the preoperative medications may have differed in the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mitomi
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, National Sagamihara Hospital, 18-1 Sakura-dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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7
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Wang MJ, Ping J, Li Y, Holmqvist A, Adell G, Arbman G, Zhang H, Zhou ZG, Sun XF. Prognostic Significance and Molecular Features of Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinomas: A Strobe-Compliant Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2350. [PMID: 26705231 PMCID: PMC4697997 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) is a special histology subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The survival of MC is controversial and the prognostic biomarkers of MC remain unclear. To analyze prognostic significance and molecular features of colorectal MC. This study included 755,682 and 1001 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER, 1973-2011), and Linköping Cancer (LC, 1972-2009) databases. We investigated independently the clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and variety of molecular features from these 2 databases. MC was found in 9.3% and 9.8% patients in SEER and LC, respectively. MC was more frequently localized in the right colon compared with nonmucinous adenocarcinoma (NMC) in both SEER (57.7% vs 37.2%, P < 0.001) and LC (46.9% vs 27.7%, P < 0.001). Colorectal MC patients had significantly worse cancer-specific survival (CSS) than NMC patients (SEER, P < 0.001; LC, P = 0.026), prominently in stage III (SEER, P < 0.001; LC, P = 0.023). The multivariate survival analysis showed that MC was independently related to poor prognosis in rectal cancer patients (SEER, hazard ratios [HR], 1.076; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.057-1.096; P < 0.001). In LC, the integrated analysis of genetic and epigenetic features showed that that strong expression of PINCH (HR, 3.954; 95% CI, 1.493-10.47; P = 0.013) and weak expression of RAD50 (HR 0.348, 95% CI, 0.106-1.192; P = 0.026) were significantly associated with poor CSS of colorectal MC patients. In conclusion, the colorectal MC patients had significantly worse CSS than NMC patients, prominently in stage III. MC was an independent prognostic factor associated with worse survival in rectal cancer patients. The PINCH and RAD50 were prognostic biomarkers for colorectal MC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Jin Wang
- From the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (M-JW, Z-GZ, X-FS); Department of Oncology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (M-JW, JP, AH, GA, X-FS); Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (YL); Department of Surgery, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Norrköping (GA); and School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (HZ)
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Vernmark K, Albertsson M, Björnsson B, Gasslander T, Sandström P, Sun XF, Holmqvist A. From palliative to curative treatment - stage IV mucinous adenocarcinoma, successfully treated with metronomic capecitabine in combination with Bevacizumab and surgery- a case report. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:884. [PMID: 26555668 PMCID: PMC4640161 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) represents 6-19 % of all colorectal carcinoma. It is associated with poorer response to chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Case presentation A 27-year-old Swedish woman presented with stomach pain and weight loss, and was diagnosed with locally advanced MAC in the transverse colon as well as 3 liver metastases. Neoadjuvant treatment with fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin (FLOX) failed due to several infections, pulmonary embolism and deteriorated performance status. The patient was therefore considered palliative. Palliative treatment with metronomic capecitabine 500 mg × 2 daily and bevacizumab every other week were initiated. After 4 months of treatment the tumors had regressed and the patient was able to undergo radical surgery, thereby changing the treatment intention from palliative to curative. No adjuvant chemotherapy was given. There were no signs of recurrence 9 months later. Conclusions The role of the combination of metronomic capecitabine and bevacizumab in patients with MAC merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Vernmark
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Linköping University, S-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Maria Albertsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Linköping University, S-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Bergthor Björnsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Departement of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Gasslander
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Departement of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Departement of Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Annika Holmqvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Linköping University, S-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
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Lupinacci RM, Mello ES, Coelho FF, Kruger JAP, Perini MV, Pinheiro RS, Fonseca GM, Cecconello I, Herman P. Prognostic implication of mucinous histology in resected colorectal cancer liver metastases. Surgery 2014; 155:1062-8. [PMID: 24856126 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma with prominent mucin production associated with proximal location of tumor, advanced stage at diagnosis, microsatellite instability, and BRAF mutation. The prognostic implication of MAC in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) is unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency and elucidate the prognostic implication of mucinous histology in CRCLM. METHODS The medical records of 118 patients who underwent CRCLM resection between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed. Clinicopathologic variables and outcome parameters were examined. Resected specimens were submitted to routine histologic evaluation. Patients were grouped according to the metastasis mucinous content: >50%, MAC; <50%, adenocarcinoma with intermediated mucinous component (AIM); and without any mucinous component, non-MAC (NMA). RESULTS Mean follow-up after resection was 37 months. Tumor recurrence was observed in 75% of patients. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates after hepatectomy were 61%, 56%, and 26%, 24% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Tumors with mucinous component (AIM and MAC) were related to proximal location of the primary tumor and were more frequently observed in females. Multivariate analysis revealed that MAC was an independent negative prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.30-6.68; P = .011) compared with non-MAC (NMA and AIM). CONCLUSION MAC has an adverse prognostic impact compared with NMA, which may influence therapeutic strategy raising an important subject for discussion and future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Micelli Lupinacci
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Paris, France.
| | | | - Fabrício Ferreira Coelho
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Arthur Pirolla Kruger
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Perini
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Pinheiro
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilton Marques Fonseca
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Cecconello
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Herman
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yamaguchi T, Taniguchi H, Fujita S, Sekine S, Yamamoto S, Akasu T, Kushima R, Tani T, Moriya Y, Shimoda T. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of advanced colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2012; 61:162-9. [PMID: 22448644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC) is a histological variant of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to characterize clinicopathological features and identify prognostic factors of MUCs. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 181 patients with MUC who underwent surgery between 1975 and 2003 were reviewed. The clinicopathological features of these patients were compared with those of 4125 non-MUC patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify significant prognostic factors in 102 patients with pT3 or pT4 tumour who underwent curative surgery. Patients with MUCs tended to present with more advanced clinical stages. The overall 5-year survival rate of MUC patients was lower than that of non-MUC patients; however, no prognostic difference was found when patients with the same clinical stages were compared. Multivariate analysis revealed male sex, bowel obstruction and infiltrating growth type as independent prognostic factors. Five-year cancer-specific survival rates for MUC patients with ≤1, 2 and 3 risk factors identified by multivariate analysis were 95.5%, 52.1% and 0.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mucinous adenocarcinoma represents a distinct clinicopathological entity. Sex, bowel obstruction and growth patterns might be useful prognostic factors to identify patients with a high risk of recurrence after curative resection of advanced MUCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamaguchi
- Clinical Laboratory Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Leopoldo S, Lorena B, Cinzia A, Gabriella DC, Angela Luciana B, Renato C, Antonio M, Carlo S, Cristina P, Stefano C, Maurizio T, Luigi R, Cesare B. Two subtypes of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colorectum: clinicopathological and genetic features. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:1429-39. [PMID: 18301950 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work is aimed at comparing mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas (MUC) and non-mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas (non-MUC), and at verifying the existence of two different subgroups of MUC, in terms of clinicopathological features, chromosomal alterations, and outcome, in a geographical area where mucinous colorectal cancer resulted as being very frequent. METHODS One hundred and fifty-six unselected patients who underwent curative colorectal resection for sporadic colorectal cancer over a 4-year period were evaluated for histological classification as to MUC and non-MUC subtype, for microsatellite instability (MSI) using six microsatellite markers, and for the presence of p27, Fhit, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). Molecular data, immunohistochemical results, recurrence frequency, and patient survival were analyzed statistically in relation to histological subtypes. RESULTS MUC accounted for 38.5% of all colorectal carcinomas. Compared to non-MUCs, MUCs were more frequently located in the proximal colon (p < 0.001), and more frequently showed MSI phenotype (p < 0.001), altered protein expression of hMlh1 (p = 0.030), Fhit (p <0.001), and p27 (p < 0.001). Compared to MUC with microsatellite-stable (MSS) phenotype, MUC with MSI more frequently resulted as being located in the proximal colon (p = 0.013), and more frequently showed altered expression of hMlh1 (p < 0.001), hMsh2 (p = 0.008), Fhit (p < 0.001), and p27 (p = 0.015). Significantly better survival of patients with proximal MUC (p = 0,012), with MSI MUC (p = 0.017), and with MUC with altered p27 expression (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The results of the present study confirm that MUC represents distinct clinicopathological and genetic features as compared to non-mucinous tumors and support the hypothesis that MUC includes two subtypes with different genetic pathways and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarli Leopoldo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of General Surgical Clinics and Surgical Therapy, Parma University, Medical School, Parma, Italy.
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Mitomi H, Ohkura Y, Yokoyama K, Sada M, Kobayashi K, Tanabe S, Fukui N, Kanazawa H, Kishimoto I, Saigenji K. Contribution of TIA-1+ and granzyme B+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes to cryptal apoptosis and ulceration in active inflammatory bowel disease. Pathol Res Pract 2007; 203:717-23. [PMID: 17869012 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the clinicopathological differences between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), they share the fundamental feature of destructive inflammatory processes involving the intestinal wall. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to mucosal damage in CD and UC. Colonic mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with active CD (n=25) and UC (n=26) and normal controls (n=12) were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, and T cell-restricted intracellular antigen (TIA)-1, which promotes apoptosis by alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA of the Fas receptor, and granzyme B (GrB), which leads to apoptosis through induction of perforin. Histological scores for cryptal apoptosis and ulceration were assessed in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections. In patients with CD and UC, CD3+(P<0.001), CD4+(P<0.001), CD8+(P<0.01), TIA-1+(CD, P<0.01; UC, P<0.001), and GrB+(CD, P<0.01; UC, P<0.001) intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were significantly increased as compared with controls. Positive relationships were found between the histological scores for apoptosis or ulceration and the numbers of CD8+or TIA-1+IELs. In conclusion, cytotoxic T lymphocytes are present in increased numbers in the mucosa of patients with active CD and UC, and local activation of IELs may contribute to mucosal damage with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mitomi
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory (Pathology Division) National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, 18-1 Sakura-dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8522, Japan.
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Mitomi H, Ohkura Y, Fukui N, Kanazawa H, Kishimoto I, Nakamura T, Yokoyama K, Sada M, Kobayashi K, Tanabe S, Saigenji K. P21WAF1/CIP1 expression in colorectal carcinomas is related to Kras mutations and prognosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19:883-9. [PMID: 17873613 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3282e1c5f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM P21WAF1/CIP1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor activated by p53 to produce cell cycle arrest. A consensus has not been reached concerning the prognostic value of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in colorectal cancers. PATIENTS/METHODS P21WAF1/CIP1 expression was determined immunohistochemically in a series of 211 cases of colorectal carcinomas, together with its relation to p53, bcl-2, cell turnover (as assessed by Ki67 expression and apoptotic counts) and the Kras gene status. The expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 was also compared with reference to clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. RESULTS The median value for nuclear p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was 31% (interquartile range, 13-47%) and the fraction of cases considered to be high expressers (>20%) was 66%. Expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 was not associated with immunoreactivity for p53 or bcl-2, or cell turnover. P21WAF1/CIP1 high-expressing tumors were more often well differentiated (P<0.001), node-negative (P=0.037), Dukes' B (P=0.027) and Kras gene-mutated cases (P=0.04). On univariate analysis, low p21WAF1/CIP1 expressers (<or=20%) had lower cancer-related survival as compared with high expressers (5-year survival, 56 vs. 70%; P=0.042). Lymph node status, liver metastasis and tumor size were also significant predictors. Multivariate analysis revealed lymph node-positive (P<0.001), liver metastasis (P<0.001), and low p21WAF1/CIP1 expression (P=0.017) to be independent predictors of short survival. CONCLUSION The regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1, independent of p53 or bcl-2 expression, appears to be associated with Kras mutations. The immunohistochemical detection of p21WAF1/CIP11 might thus be used to predict more precise outcome in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mitomi
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory (Pathology Division), National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, Sakura-dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Park ET, Oh HK, Gum JR, Crawley SC, Kakar S, Engel J, Leow CC, Gao WQ, Kim YS. HATH1 Expression in Mucinous Cancers of the Colorectum and Related Lesions. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:5403-10. [PMID: 17000673 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mucinous cancers and signet ring carcinomas are distinct classes of colon cancers characterized by their production of copious quantities of intestinal goblet cell mucin, MUC2. Deletion of transcription factor HATH1 ablates the biogenesis of goblet cells in developing mouse intestine, and forced expression of HATH1 results in elevated expression of MUC2 in colon cancer cells. The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of HATH1 in the development of mucinous cancers and signet ring carcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy was used to examine HATH1 expression and subcellular distribution in normal colon and small intestine, mucinous cancers, signet ring carcinomas, and nonmucinous cancers and in precursor lesions, including hyperplastic polyps, serrated adenomas, tubular adenomas, and villous adenomas. We also analyzed the transactivation of MUC2 promoter/reporter constructs by a HATH1 expression vector. RESULTS HATH1 expression transactivated MUC2 promoter/reporter constructs, an activity that was significantly inhibited by mutation of putative HATH1-binding sites. HATH1 was expressed in the nuclei of goblet cells and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of enteroendocrine cells of the colon. In the small intestine, only cytoplasmic expression of HATH1 in enteroendocrine cells was detected. HATH1 was found to be strongly expressed in the nuclei of hyperplastic polyps, serrated adenomas, villous adenomas, mucinous cancers, and signet ring carcinomas but repressed in nonmucinous cancers and tubular adenomas. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the importance of HATH1 for the development of intestinal secretory cells. The results further suggest that HATH1 is an important factor in the up-regulation of MUC2 expression that occurs in mucinous cancers and signet ring carcinomas. In addition, the expression of HATH1 in hyperplastic polyps, serrated adenomas, and villous adenomas lends support to the hypothesis that these neoplasms are frequent precursors in mucinous cancer and signet ring carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Taek Park
- Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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Padilla D, Molina JM, Morales C, Cubo T, Pardo R, Martin J, Garcia M, Hernandez Calvo J. [Prognostic significance of the mucin profile in colon cancer without lymph node metastases A, B1 and B2]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2003; 26:456-7. [PMID: 12887862 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5705(03)70390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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