1
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Cirillo A, Zizzari IG, Botticelli A, Strigari L, Rahimi H, Scagnoli S, Scirocchi F, Pernazza A, Pace A, Cerbelli B, d'Amati G, Marchetti P, Nuti M, Rughetti A, Napoletano C. Circulating CD137 + T Cell Levels Are Correlated with Response to Pembrolizumab Treatment in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087114. [PMID: 37108276 PMCID: PMC10138766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, has been approved as first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ((R/M) HNSCC). However, only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy, which highlights the need to identify novel biomarkers to optimize treatment strategies. CD137+ T cells have been identified as tumour-specific T cells correlated with immunotherapy responses in several solid tumours. In this study, we investigated the role of circulating CD137+ T cells in (R/M) HNSCC patients undergoing pembrolizumab treatment. PBMCs obtained from 40 (R/M) HNSCC patients with a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥1 were analysed at baseline via cytofluorimetry for the expression of CD137, and it was found that the percentage of CD3+CD137+ cells is correlated with the clinical benefit rate (CBR), PFS, and OS. The results show that levels of circulating CD137+ T cells are significantly higher in responder patients than in non-responders (p = 0.03). Moreover, patients with CD3+CD137+ percentage ≥1.65% had prolonged OS (p = 0.02) and PFS (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis, on a combination of biological and clinical parameters, showed that high levels of CD3+CD137+ cells (≥1.65%) and performance status (PS) = 0 are independent prognostic factors of PFS (CD137+ T cells, p = 0.007; PS, p = 0.002) and OS (CD137+ T cells, p = 0.006; PS, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that levels of circulating CD137+ T cells could serve as biomarkers for predicting the response of (R/M) HNSCC patients to pembrolizumab treatment, thus contributing to the success of anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cirillo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grazia Zizzari
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics Unit, "Sant'Orsola-Malpighi" Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hassan Rahimi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Scirocchi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelina Pernazza
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Pace
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Napoletano
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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2
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Abdeladhim M, Karnell JL, Rieder SA. In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033705. [PMID: 36591244 PMCID: PMC9799097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the master regulators of immunity and they have been implicated in different disease states such as infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Since their discovery, many studies have focused on understanding Treg development, differentiation, and function. While there are many players in the generation and function of truly suppressive Tregs, the role of checkpoint pathways in these processes have been studied extensively. In this paper, we systematically review the role of different checkpoint pathways in Treg homeostasis and function. We describe how co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways modulate Treg homeostasis and function and highlight data from mouse and human studies. Multiple checkpoint pathways are being targeted in cancer and autoimmunity; therefore, we share insights from the clinic and discuss the effect of experimental and approved therapeutics on Treg biology.
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3
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced ectopic CD137 expression helps nasopharyngeal carcinoma to escape immune surveillance and enables targeting by chimeric antigen receptors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2583-2596. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Fournier B, Hoshino A, Bruneau J, Bachelet C, Fusaro M, Klifa R, Lévy R, Lenoir C, Soudais C, Picard C, Blanche S, Castelle M, Moshous D, Molina T, Defachelles AS, Neven B, Latour S. Inherited TNFSF9 deficiency causes broad Epstein-Barr virus infection with EBV+ smooth muscle tumors. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213262. [PMID: 35657354 PMCID: PMC9170382 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can infect smooth muscle cells causing smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) or leiomyoma. Here, we report a patient with a heterozygous 22q11.2 deletion/DiGeorge syndrome who developed a unique, broad, and lethal susceptibility to EBV characterized by EBV-infected T and B cells and disseminated EBV+SMT. The patient also harbored a homozygous missense mutation (p.V140G) in TNFSF9 coding for CD137L/4-1BBL, the ligand of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule CD137/4-1BB, whose deficiency predisposes to EBV infection. We show that wild-type CD137L was up-regulated on activated monocytes and dendritic cells, EBV-infected B cells, and SMT. The CD137LV140G mutant was weakly expressed on patient cells or when ectopically expressed in HEK and P815 cells. Importantly, patient EBV-infected B cells failed to trigger the expansion of EBV-specific T cells, resulting in decreased T cell effector responses. T cell expansion was recovered when CD137L expression was restored on B cells. Therefore, these results highlight the critical role of the CD137-CD137L pathway in anti-EBV immunity, in particular in the control of EBV+SMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fournier
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Akihiro Hoshino
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Department of Pathology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Bachelet
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Roman Klifa
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Romain Lévy
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Claire Soudais
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martin Castelle
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Molina
- Department of Pathology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Bénédicte Neven
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France,Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,Correspondence to Sylvain Latour:
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5
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Zizzari IG, Di Filippo A, Botticelli A, Strigari L, Pernazza A, Rullo E, Pignataro MG, Ugolini A, Scirocchi F, Di Pietro FR, Rossi E, Gelibter A, Schinzari G, D'Amati G, Rughetti A, Marchetti P, Nuti M, Napoletano C. Circulating CD137+ T Cells Correlate with Improved Response to Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy in Patients with Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1027-1037. [PMID: 34980602 PMCID: PMC9377756 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD137 molecule is expressed by activated lymphocytes, and in patients with cancer identifies the tumor-reactive T cells. In solid tumors, high levels of circulating CD137+ T cells are associated with the clinical response and the disease-free status. Here, we examined the role of the CD137+ T cells in the improvement of patients' selection for immunotherapy treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from 109 patients with metastatic cancer (66 patients for the identification cohort and 43 for the validation cohort) were analyzed for the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD137, and PD1 molecules before the beginning of anti-PD1 therapy. Twenty healthy donors were used as control. The soluble form of CD137 (sCD137) was also analyzed. The CD137+ T cell subsets and the sCD137 were correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics. The distribution of CD137+ T cells was also examined in different tumor settings. RESULTS The percentage of CD137+ T cells was higher in healthy donors and in those patients with a better clinical status (performance status = 0-1, n°metastasis≤2) and these high levels were ascribed to the CD8+CD137+ T cell population. The high frequency of CD137+ and CD8+CD137+ T cells resulted as a prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), respectively, and were confirmed in the validation cohort. High levels of CD3+CD137+PD1+ lymphocytes were associated with a low number of metastasis and longer survival. Instead, the high concentration of the immunosuppressive sCD137 in the serum is associated with a lower PFS and OS. In tumor bed, patients with a complete response showed a high percentage of CD137+ and CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose the CD137+ T subset as an immune biomarker to define the wellness status of the immune system for successful anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Grazia Zizzari
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Filippo
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics Unit, “S. Orsola-Malpighi” Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelina Pernazza
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Rullo
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gemma Pignataro
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Ugolini
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Fabio Scirocchi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Di Pietro
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alain Gelibter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Amati
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Napoletano
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapies, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Corresponding Author: Chiara Napoletano, Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy. Phone: 3906-4997-3025; E-mail:
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6
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Cancer immune therapy with PD-1-dependent CD137 co-stimulation provides localized tumour killing without systemic toxicity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6360. [PMID: 34737267 PMCID: PMC8569200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the cell surface receptor CD137 has been shown to enhance anti-cancer T cell function via engagement with its natural ligand 4-1BBL. CD137 ligation with engineered ligands has emerged as a cancer immunotherapy strategy, yet clinical development of agonists has been hindered by either toxicity or limited efficacy. Here we show that a CD137/PD-1 bispecific antibody, IBI319, is able to overcome these limitations by coupling CD137 activation to PD-1-crosslinking. In CT26 and MC38 syngeneic mouse tumour models, IBI319 restricts T cell co-stimulation to PD-1-rich microenvironments, such as tumours and tumour-draining lymph nodes, hence systemic (liver) toxicity arising from generalised T cell activation is reduced. Besides limiting systemic T cell co-stimulation, the anti-PD-1 arm of IBI319 also exhibits checkpoint blockade functions, with an overall result of T and NK cell infiltration into tumours. Toxicology profiling in non-human primates shows that IBI319 is a well-tolerated molecule with IgG-like pharmacokinetic properties, thus a suitable candidate for further clinical development. The toxicity arising from generalised stimulation of T cells restricts applicability of CD137 agonists in cancer immune therapy. Here authors show that a bispecific antibody blocking PD-1 while activating CD137 efficiently restricts T cell activation to the tumour microenvironment, resulting in efficient tumour control and reduced liver toxicity.
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7
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Bianco A, D'Agnano V, Matera MG, Della Gravara L, Perrotta F, Rocco D. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: a new landscape for extensive stage small cell lung cancer treatment. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:1415-1425. [PMID: 34374626 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1964362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Landscape of Extensive Stage (ES)-SCLC treatment has been unchanged over the years. Chemotherapy, mostly based on cisplatin and etoposide, remained the standard-of-care for patients with ES-SCLC for almost 40 years. Recently, immune check points inhibitors have emerged marking a turning point for ES-SCLC treatmentAreas covered: Aim of the paper is to discuss ICIs impact on ES-SCLC treatment algorithms, review current clinical trials, and explore future perspectives.Expert opinion: A growing body of evidence supports ICI-containing regimens as a new mainstay of ES-SCLC treatment. Whether subgroups of SCLC patients may have greater survival benefits from ICIs treatment needs to be better defined. Understanding the impact of tumor microenvironment and identifying reliable predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers will be fundamental to move toward a personalized treatment approach leading to improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.,Department of Pneumology and Oncology- A.o Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vito D'Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.,Department of Pneumology and Oncology- A.o Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Della Gravara
- Department of Pneumology and Oncology- A.o Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Danilo Rocco
- Department of Pneumology and Oncology- A.o Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
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8
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Inhibition of Tunneling Nanotubes between Cancer Cell and the Endothelium Alters the Metastatic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116161. [PMID: 34200503 PMCID: PMC8200952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with blood vessels is one of the key steps during cancer metastasis. Metastatic cancer cells exhibit phenotypic state changes during this interaction: (1) they form tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) with endothelial cells, which act as a conduit for intercellular communication; and (2) metastatic cancer cells change in order to acquire an elongated phenotype, instead of the classical cellular aggregates or mammosphere-like structures, which it forms in three-dimensional cultures. Here, we demonstrate mechanistically that a siRNA-based knockdown of the exocyst complex protein Sec3 inhibits TNT formation. Furthermore, a set of pharmacological inhibitors for Rho GTPase–exocyst complex-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling is introduced, which inhibits TNT formation, and induces the reversal of the more invasive phenotype of cancer cell (spindle-like) into a less invasive phenotype (cellular aggregates or mammosphere). Our results offer mechanistic insights into this nanoscale communication and shift of phenotypic state during cancer–endothelial interactions.
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9
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Yuan W, Xu C, Li B, Xia H, Pan Y, Zhong W, Xu L, Chen R, Wang B. Contributions of Costimulatory Molecule CD137 in Endothelial Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020721. [PMID: 34027676 PMCID: PMC8483511 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is a surface glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that can be induced on a variety of immunocytes and nonimmune cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The importance of CD137 in immune response has been well recognized; however, the precise biological effects and underlying mechanisms of CD137 in endothelial cells are unclear. A single layer of cells called the endothelium constitutes the innermost layer of blood vessels including larger arteries, veins, the capillaries, and the lymphatic vessels. It not only acts as an important functional interface, but also participates in local inflammatory response. This review covers recent findings to illuminate the role of CD137 in endothelial cells in different pathophysiologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Liangjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Union Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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10
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Lee KY, Wong HY, Zeng Q, Le Lin J, Cheng MS, Kuick CH, Chang KTE, Loh AHP, Schwarz H. Ectopic CD137 expression by rhabdomyosarcoma provides selection advantages but allows immunotherapeutic targeting. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1877459. [PMID: 33643694 PMCID: PMC7872024 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1877459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a heterogeneous soft tissue neoplasm most frequently found in children and adolescents. As the prognosis for recurrent and metastatic RMS remains poor, immunotherapies are hoped to improve quality of life and survival. CD137 is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor family and a T cell costimulatory molecule which induces potent cellular immune responses that are able to eliminate malignant cells. Therefore, it was puzzling to find expression of CD137 on an RMS tissue microarray by multiplex staining. CD137 is not only expressed by infiltrating T cells but also by malignant RMS cells. Functional in vitro experiments demonstrate that CD137 on RMS cells is being transferred to adjacent antigen-presenting cells by trogocytosis, where it downregulates CD137 ligand, and thereby reduces T cell costimulation which results in reduced killing of RMS cells. The transfer of CD137 and the subsequent downregulation of CD137 ligand is a physiological negative feedback mechanism that is likely usurped by RMS, and may facilitate its escape from immune surveillance. In addition, CD137 signals into RMS cells and induces IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, which are linked to RMS metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the ectopic expression of CD137 on RMS cells is an Achilles’ heel that may be utilized for immunotherapy. Natural killer cells expressing an anti-CD137 chimeric antigen receptor specifically kill CD137-expressing RMS cells. Our study implicates ectopic CD137 expression as a pathogenesis mechanism in RMS, and it demonstrates that CD137 may be a novel target for immunotherapy of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yi Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Yi Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Le Lin
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Man Si Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Activating CD137 Signaling Promotes Sprouting Angiogenesis via Increased VEGFA Secretion and the VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1649453. [PMID: 33162828 PMCID: PMC7604604 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1649453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of antiangiogenesis and immunotherapy may be an effective strategy for treatment of solid tumors. Our previous work reported that activation of CD137 signaling promotes intraplaque angiogenesis. A number of studies have demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is a key target for angiogenesis. However, it is unknown whether CD137-mediated angiogenesis is related to VEGFR2. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD137 on the VEGFR2 expression and explored the underlying mechanisms of CD137-mediated angiogenesis. Knock-out of CD137 in ApoE−/− mice significantly decreased neovessel density in atherosclerotic plaques. CD137 silencing or inhibition attenuated endothelial cell (ECs) proliferation, migration, and tube formation. We found activation of CD137 signaling for increased VEGFR2 transcription and translation steadily. Moreover, CD137 signaling activated phosphorylated VEGFR2 (Tyr1175) and the downstream Akt/eNOS pathway, whereas neutralizing CD137 signaling weakened the activation of VEGFR2 and the downstream Akt/eNOS pathway. The aortic ring assay further demonstrated that CD137 signaling promoted ECc sprouting. Inhibition of VEGFR2 by siRNA or XL184 (cabozantinib) and inhibition of downstream signaling by LY294002 (inhibits AKT activation) and L-NAME (eNOS inhibitor) remarkably abolished proangiogenic effects of CD137 signaling both in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, the condition medium from CD137-activated ECs and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) had similar effects on ECs that expressed high VEGFR2. Additionally, activating CD137 signaling promoted endothelial secretion of VEGFA, while blocking CD137 signaling attenuated VEGFA secretion. In conclusion, activation of CD137 signaling promoted sprouting angiogenesis by increased VEGFA secretion and the VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS pathway. These findings provide a basis for stabilizing intraplaque angiogenesis through VEGFR2 intervatioin, as well as cancer treatment via combination of CD137 agonists and specific VEGFR2 inhibitors.
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12
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Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a unique type of hematopoietic cancer that has few tumor cells but a massive infiltration of immune cells. Findings on how the cancerous Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells survive and evade immune surveillance have facilitated the development of novel immunotherapies for HL. Trogocytosis is a fast process of intercellular transfer of membrane patches, which can significantly affect immune responses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how trogocytosis contributes to the suppression of immune responses in HL. We focus on the ectopic expression of CD137 on HRS cells, the cause of its expression, and its implication on developing novel therapies for HL. Further, we review data demonstrating that similar mechanisms apply to CD30, PD-L1 and CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Wong HY, Schwarz H. CD137 / CD137 ligand signalling regulates the immune balance: A potential target for novel immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2020; 112:102499. [PMID: 32505443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD137 (TNFRSF9, 4-1BB) is a potent co-stimulatory molecule of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) that is expressed by activated T cells. CD137/CD137 ligand (CD137L) signalling primarily induces a potent cell-mediated immune response, while signalling of cell surface-expressed CD137L into antigen presenting cells enhances their activation, differentiation and migratory capacity. Studies have shown that bidirectional CD137/CD137L signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review discusses the mechanisms how CD137/CD137L signalling contributes to immune deviation of helper T cell pathways in various murine models, and the potential of developing immunotherapies targeting CD137/CD137L signalling for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yi Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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14
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Ye L, Jia K, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, He Y, Zhou C. CD137, an attractive candidate for the immunotherapy of lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1461-1467. [PMID: 32073704 PMCID: PMC7226203 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a hotspot in cancer therapy in recent years. Several immune checkpoints inhibitors have been used to treat lung cancer. CD137 is a kind of costimulatory molecule that mediates T cell activation, which regulates the activity of immune cells in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Targeting CD137 or its ligand (CD137L) has been studied, aiming to enhance anticancer immune responses. Accumulating studies show that anti-CD137 mAbs alone or combined with other drugs have bright antitumor prospects. In the following, we reviewed the biology of CD137, the antitumor effects of anti-CD137 Ab monotherapy and the combined therapy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Ye
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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15
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Luu K, Shao Z, Schwarz H. The relevance of soluble CD137 in the regulation of immune responses and for immunotherapeutic intervention. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:731-738. [PMID: 32052477 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr1119-224r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 is a potent costimulatory receptor. Several agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies are currently in clinical trials for tumor immunotherapy. Soluble forms of CD137 (sCD137) are generated by differential splicing and antagonize the activities of membrane-bound CD137 (mCD137) and of therapeutic CD137 agonists. sCD137 is found in sera of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases where it is a natural regulator of immune responses, and which has therapeutic potential for immune-mediated diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sCD137, highlights its potential role in immunotherapy against cancer and in autoimmune diseases, and presents important issues to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang Luu
- Department of Physiology, and Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhe Shao
- Department of Physiology, and Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, and Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Ho SK, Xu Z, Thakur A, Fox M, Tan SS, DiGiammarino E, Zhou L, Sho M, Cairns B, Zhao V, Xiong M, Samayoa J, Forsyth CM, Powers DB, Chao DT, Hollenbaugh D, Alvarez HM, Akamatsu Y. Epitope and Fc-Mediated Cross-linking, but Not High Affinity, Are Critical for Antitumor Activity of CD137 Agonist Antibody with Reduced Liver Toxicity. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1040-1051. [PMID: 31974274 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (TNFRSF9, 4-1BB) agonist antibodies (mAb) have demonstrated potent antitumor activity with memory response while causing hepatotoxicity in mouse models. In clinical trials, the degrees of liver toxicity of anti-CD137 vary from grade 4 transaminitis (urelumab) to nonexistent (utomilumab). To exploit the antitumor potential of CD137 signaling, we identified a new class of CD137 agonist mAbs with strong antitumor potency without significant transaminitis in vivo compared with CD137 agonists previously reported. These mAbs are cross-reactive to mouse and cynomolgus monkey and showed cross-linking-dependent T-cell costimulation activity in vitro Antitumor efficacy was maintained in Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) III-deficient mice but diminished in FcγRIIB-deficient mice, suggesting the critical role for FcγRIIB to provide cross-linking in vivo Interestingly, a single dose of an affinity-reduced variant was sufficient to control tumor growth, but a higher affinity variant did not improve efficacy. These observations suggest that binding epitope and FcγR interaction, but not necessarily high affinity, are important for antitumor efficacy and reduced liver toxicity of CD137 mAb. Our study suggests the possibility of CD137 agonist therapy with improved safety profile in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry
- Cross-Linking Reagents/metabolism
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, IgG/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun K Ho
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Zhenghai Xu
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Melvin Fox
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Siu Sze Tan
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Li Zhou
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Mien Sho
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Vivian Zhao
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Mengli Xiong
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Josue Samayoa
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | | | - Debra T Chao
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
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17
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Zeng Q, Zhou Y, Schwarz H. CD137L-DCs, Potent Immune-Stimulators-History, Characteristics, and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2216. [PMID: 31632390 PMCID: PMC6783506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies are being explored for over 20 years and found to be very safe. Most often, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) are being used, which have demonstrated some life-prolonging benefit to patients of multiple tumors. However, the limited clinical response and efficacy call for the development of more potent DCs. CD137L-DC may meet this demand. CD137L-DCs are a novel type of monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs that are induced by CD137 ligand (CD137L) agonists. CD137L is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, including monocytes, and signaling of CD137L into monocytes induces their differentiation to CD137L-DCs. CD137L-DCs preferentially induce type 1 T helper (Th1) cell polarization and strong type 1 CD8+ T cell (Tc1) responses against tumor-associated viral antigens. The in vitro T cell-stimulatory capacity of CD137L-DCs is superior to that of conventional moDCs. The transcriptomic profile of CD137L-DC is highly similar to that of in vivo DCs at sites of inflammation. The strict activation dependence of CD137 expression and its restricted expression on activated T cells, NK cells, and vascular endothelial cells at inflammatory sites make CD137 an ideally suited signal for the induction of monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs in vivo. These findings and their potency encouraged a phase I clinical trial of CD137L-DCs against Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this review, we introduce and summarize the history, the characteristics, and the transcriptional profile of CD137L-DC, and discuss the potential development and applications of CD137L-DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Grimmig T, Gasser M, Moench R, Zhu LJ, Nawalaniec K, Callies S, Wagner M, Polat B, Mothi SS, Luo Y, Ribas CM, Malafaia O, Hsiao LL, Waaga-Gasser AM. Expression of Tumor-mediated CD137 ligand in human colon cancer indicates dual signaling effects. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1651622. [PMID: 31741755 PMCID: PMC6844327 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1651622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137-targeting immune therapy, which activates anti-tumor T effector cell responses, seems to be an attractive concept in clinical oncology. Recent evidence has demonstrated that tumor cells besides T cells and antigen-presenting cells are able to express CD137 and CD137L. Here we aimed to identify CD137/CD137L expression in established colon cancer cell lines and primary tumors (UICC stages I-IV) from patients with documented long-term follow-up. CD137/CD137L expression was highly upregulated in early to late-stage tumors while the inverse was observed in patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. High CD137L expression within primary tumors was mediated by tumor cells and significantly correlated with the occurrence of distant metastases and shortened survival in advanced stages of disease (UICC stage IV). Interestingly, induced tumor cell signaling via CD137L on its surface in vitro resulted in dual effects: (i) reduced tumor cell proliferation suggesting inhibitory signaling in all investigated cancers and (ii) increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling events. Taken together CD137/CD137L expression was stage-dependently upregulated with shortened survival in patients with highly CD137L-expressing tumors. Our clinical and experimental data suggest that colon cancer cells predominantly express CD137L and thereby have negative impact on overall survival through a process of reverse signaling. Beside agonistic CD137 antibody therapy to foster T effector cell responses, CD137L-mediated intervention strategies may become instrumental to circumvent relapsed tumor growth through induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and consecutive metastases formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grimmig
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Romana Moench
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lang-Jing Zhu
- Nephrology Department, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR. China.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karol Nawalaniec
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Callies
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Buelent Polat
- Department of Radiation, Oncology University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Suraj Sarvode Mothi
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yueming Luo
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen M Ribas
- Evangelical Medical School, Faculty University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Malafaia
- Evangelical Medical School, Faculty University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Glorieux C, Huang P. Regulation of CD137 expression through K-Ras signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:41. [PMID: 31288851 PMCID: PMC6615207 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between CD137 and its ligand (CD137L) plays a major role in the regulation of immune functions and affects cancer immunotherapy. CD137 is a cell surface protein mainly located on activated T cells, and its regulation and functions in immune cells are well established. However, the expression of CD137 and its regulation in cancer cells remain poorly understood. The main purposes of this study were to examine the expression of CD137 in pancreatic cancer cells and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cells containing inducible K-RasG12V expression vector or with different K-Ras mutational statuses were used as in vitro models to examine the regulation of CD137 expression by K-Ras. Various molecular assays were employed to explore the regulatory mechanisms. Tumor specimens from 15 pancreatic cancer patients and serum samples from 10 patients and 10 healthy donors were used to test if the expression of CD137 could be validated in clinical samples. RESULTS We found that the CD137 protein was expressed on the cell surface in pancreatic cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed no difference in the levels of secreted CD137 in the sera of patients and healthy donors. By using the K-Ras inducible cell system, we further showed that oncogenic K-Ras up-regulated CD137 through the activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways, as evidenced by significantly reduced CD137 mRNA expression led by genetic silencing of MAPK1 and p65, the key proteins involved in the respective pathways. Furthermore, we also found that the NF-κB pathway was mainly stimulated by the K-Ras-induced secretion of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) which promoted the transcription of the CD137 gene in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Analysis of the TCGA (the cancer genome atlas) database also revealed a significant correlation between IL-1α and CD137 expression (r = 0.274) in tumor samples from pancreatic cancer patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study has demonstrated that the CD137 protein was expressed on pancreatic cancer cell surface, and has identified a novel mechanism by which K-Ras regulates CD137 in pancreatic cancer cells through MAPK and NF-κB pathways stimulated by IL-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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20
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Dharmadhikari B, Nickles E, Harfuddin Z, Ishak NDB, Zeng Q, Bertoletti A, Schwarz H. CD137L dendritic cells induce potent response against cancer-associated viruses and polarize human CD8 + T cells to Tc1 phenotype. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:893-905. [PMID: 29508025 PMCID: PMC11028277 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic tumor vaccination based on dendritic cells (DC) is safe; however, its efficacy is low. Among the reasons for only a subset of patients benefitting from DC-based immunotherapy is an insufficient potency of in vitro generated classical DCs (cDCs), made by treating monocytes with GM-CSF + IL-4 + maturation factors. Recent studies demonstrated that CD137L (4-1BBL, TNFSF9) signaling differentiates human monocytes to a highly potent novel type of DC (CD137L-DCs) which have an inflammatory phenotype and are closely related to in vivo DCs. Here, we show that CD137L-DCs induce potent CD8+ T-cell responses against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and that T cells primed by CD137L-DCs more effectively lyse EBV+ and HBV+ target cells. The chemokine profile of CD137L-DCs identifies them as inflammatory DCs, and they polarize CD8+ T cells to a Tc1 phenotype. Expression of exhaustion markers is reduced on T cells activated by CD137L-DCs. Furthermore, these T cells are metabolically more active and have a higher capacity to utilize glucose. CD137L-induced monocyte to DC differentiation leads to the formation of AIM2 inflammasome, with IL-1beta contributing to CD137L-DCs possessing a stronger T cell activation ability. CD137L-DCs are effective in crosspresentation. PGE2 as a maturation factor is required for enhancing migration of CD137L-DCs but does not significantly reduce their potency. This study shows that CD137L-DCs have a superior ability to activate T cells and to induce potent Tc1 responses against the cancer-causing viruses EBV and HBV which suggest CD137L-DCs as promising candidates for DC-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Dharmadhikari
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Emily Nickles
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Zulkarnain Harfuddin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Binte Ishak
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | | | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Medical Dr., Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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21
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Söderström LÅ, Tarnawski L, Olofsson PS. CD137: A checkpoint regulator involved in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:66-72. [PMID: 29571029 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with atherosclerotic plaque development and precipitation of myocardial infarction and stroke, and anti-inflammatory therapy may reduce disease severity. Costimulatory molecules are key regulators of immune cell activity and inflammation, and are associated with disease development in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that a costimulatory molecule of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor superfamily, the checkpoint regulator CD137, promotes atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in experimental models. In light of the burgeoning consideration of CD137-targeted therapy in the clinic, it will be important to better understand costimulator immunobiology in development of cardiovascular disease. Here, we review available data on the costimulator CD137 and its potential role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Å Söderström
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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22
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Zhou SN, Ran RZ, Tan LL, Guo H. Current perspectives of SA-4-1BBL in immune modulation during cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2699-2702. [PMID: 29456671 PMCID: PMC5795521 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant co-stimulatory molecule capable of inducing multiple effects on varied immune cells when present in its soluble active form is termed as SA-4-1BBL. It has been reported to influence innate, adaptive, and regulatory immune cells. Recent studies confirmed its engagement with receptor, 4-1BB leading to collection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) that in turn overcomes Treg suppression. Further, a vast number of pre-clinical studies reported its therapeutic efficacy in the form of adjuvant subunit in cancer vaccines. Furthermore, it is also observed that it contributes significantly towards communication bridge of CD4 and NK cells. On the other hand, depletion of either NK or CD4 cells negated SA-4-1BBL's antitumor protection. The present review article is focused on the current updates of this molecule pertaining to the filed of cancer therapeutics or cancer preventives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ni Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Ethnic Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Zhi Ran
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
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23
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Immunotherapy targeting 4-1BB: mechanistic rationale, clinical results, and future strategies. Blood 2017; 131:49-57. [PMID: 29118009 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-741041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is an inducible costimulatory receptor expressed on activated T and natural killer (NK) cells. 4-1BB ligation on T cells triggers a signaling cascade that results in upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules, cytokine secretion, and enhanced effector function. In dysfunctional T cells that have a decreased cytotoxic capacity, 4-1BB ligation demonstrates a potent ability to restore effector functions. On NK cells, 4-1BB signaling can increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Agonistic monoclonal antibodies targeting 4-1BB have been developed to harness 4-1BB signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical results in a variety of induced and spontaneous tumor models suggest that targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies can lead to tumor clearance and durable antitumor immunity. Clinical trials of 2 agonist antibodies, urelumab and utomilumab, are ongoing. Despite initial signs of efficacy, clinical development of urelumab has been hampered by inflammatory liver toxicity at doses >1 mg/kg. Utomilumab has a superior safety profile, but is a less potent 4-1BB agonist relative to urelumab. Both antibodies have demonstrated promising results in patients with lymphoma and are being tested in combination therapy trials with other immunomodulatory agents. In an effort to optimally leverage 4-1BB-mediated immune activation, the next generation of 4-1BB targeting strategies attempts to decouple the observed antitumor efficacy from the on-target liver toxicity. Multiple therapeutics that attempt to restrict 4-1BB agonism to the tumor microenvironment and minimize systemic exposure have emerged. 4-1BB is a compelling target for cancer immunotherapy and future agents show great promise for achieving potent immune activation while avoiding limiting immune-related adverse events.
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24
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Jung IH, Oh GT. The Roles of CD137 Signaling in Atherosclerosis. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:753-761. [PMID: 27826331 PMCID: PMC5099328 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.6.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), which includes CD40, LIGHT, and OX40, plays important roles in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases, involving atherosclerosis. CD137, a member of TNFRSF, is a well-known activation-induced T cell co-stimulatory molecule and has been reported to be expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque lesions, and plays pivotal roles in mediating disease processes. In this review, we focus on and summarize recent advances in mouse studies on the involvement of CD137 signaling in the pathogenesis and plaque stability of atherosclerosis, thereby highlighting a valuable therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Connor Y, Tekleab S, Nandakumar S, Walls C, Tekleab Y, Husain A, Gadish O, Sabbisetti V, Kaushik S, Sehrawat S, Kulkarni A, Dvorak H, Zetter B, R Edelman E, Sengupta S. Physical nanoscale conduit-mediated communication between tumour cells and the endothelium modulates endothelial phenotype. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8671. [PMID: 26669454 PMCID: PMC4697439 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of mortality and remains a hurdle in the search for a cure for cancer. Not much is known about metastatic cancer cells and endothelial cross-talk, which occurs at multiple stages during metastasis. Here we report a dynamic regulation of the endothelium by cancer cells through the formation of nanoscale intercellular membrane bridges, which act as physical conduits for transfer of microRNAs. The communication between the tumour cell and the endothelium upregulates markers associated with pathological endothelium, which is reversed by pharmacological inhibition of these nanoscale conduits. These results lead us to define the notion of ‘metastatic hijack': cancer cell-induced transformation of healthy endothelium into pathological endothelium via horizontal communication through the nanoscale conduits. Pharmacological perturbation of these nanoscale membrane bridges decreases metastatic foci in vivo. Targeting these nanoscale membrane bridges may potentially emerge as a new therapeutic opportunity in the management of metastatic cancer. Cancer cells and stromal cells have been shown to pass cellular information between each other via exosomes. Here, the authors demonstrate that cancer cells can communicate with endothelial cells through nanoscale membrane bridges, and demonstrate that microRNAs are passed through these nanobridges, which modulates endothelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamicia Connor
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Tekleab
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shyama Nandakumar
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Cherelle Walls
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yonatan Tekleab
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Amjad Husain
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Or Gadish
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shelly Kaushik
- India Innovation Research Center, New Delhi 110092, India
| | - Seema Sehrawat
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Harold Dvorak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bruce Zetter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Program in Vascular Biology and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 317, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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26
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Labiano S, Palazón A, Bolaños E, Azpilikueta A, Sánchez-Paulete AR, Morales-Kastresana A, Quetglas JI, Perez-Gracia JL, Gúrpide A, Rodriguez-Ruiz M, Aznar MA, Jure-Kunkel M, Berraondo P, Melero I. Hypoxia-induced soluble CD137 in malignant cells blocks CD137L-costimulation as an immune escape mechanism. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1062967. [PMID: 26942078 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1062967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors that has been implicated in immune evasion. Previous studies from our group have shown that hypoxia upregulates the co-stimulatory receptor CD137 on activated T lymphocytes and on vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we show that exposure of mouse and human tumor cell lines to hypoxic conditions (1% O2) promotes CD137 transcription. However, the resulting mRNA is predominantly an alternatively spliced form that encodes for a soluble variant, lacking the transmembrane domain. Accordingly, soluble CD137 (sCD137) is detectable by ELISA in the supernatant of hypoxia-exposed cell lines and in the serum of tumor-bearing mice. sCD137, as secreted by tumor cells, is able to bind to CD137-Ligand (CD137L). Our studies on primed T lymphocytes in co-culture with stable transfectants for CD137L demonstrate that tumor-secreted sCD137 prevents co-stimulation of T lymphocytes. Such an effect results from preventing the interaction of CD137L with the transmembrane forms of CD137 expressed on T lymphocytes undergoing activation. Indeed, silencing CD137 with shRNA renders more immunogenic tumor-cell variants upon inoculation to immunocompetent mice but which readily grafted on immunodeficient or CD8+ T-cell-depleted mice. These mechanisms are interpreted as a molecular strategy deployed by tumors to repress lymphocyte co-stimulation via CD137/CD137L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Labiano
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Asis Palazón
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose I Quetglas
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - José L Perez-Gracia
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gúrpide
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ruiz
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Angela Aznar
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Jure-Kunkel
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- CIMA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra and IDISNA , Pamplona, Spain
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27
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Bartkowiak T, Curran MA. 4-1BB Agonists: Multi-Potent Potentiators of Tumor Immunity. Front Oncol 2015; 5:117. [PMID: 26106583 PMCID: PMC4459101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding field of oncology aimed at targeting, not the tumor itself, but the immune system combating the cancerous lesion. Of the many approaches currently under study to boost anti-tumor immune responses; modulation of immune co-receptors on lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment has thus far proven to be the most effective. Antibody blockade of the T cell co-inhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has become the first FDA approved immune checkpoint blockade; however, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes express a diverse array of additional stimulatory and inhibitory co-receptors, which can be targeted to boost tumor immunity. Among these, the co-stimulatory receptor 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9) possesses an unequaled capacity for both activation and pro-inflammatory polarization of anti-tumor lymphocytes. While functional studies of 4-1BB have focused on its prominent role in augmenting cytotoxic CD8 T cells, 4-1BB can also modulate the activity of CD4 T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 4-1BB’s expression on both T cells and antigen presenting cells, coupled with its capacity to promote survival, expansion, and enhanced effector function of activated T cells, has made it an alluring target for tumor immunotherapy. In contrast to immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, 4-1BB agonists can both potentiate anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity, while at the same time ameliorating autoimmune disease. Despite this, 4-1BB agonists can trigger high grade liver inflammation which has slowed their clinical development. In this review, we discuss how the underlying immunobiology of 4-1BB activation suggests the potential for therapeutically synergistic combination strategies in which immune adverse events can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Bartkowiak
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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28
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Alfaro C, Echeveste JI, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Solorzano JL, Perez-Gracia JL, Idoate MA, Lopez-Picazo JM, Sanchez-Paulete AR, Labiano S, Rouzaut A, Oñate C, Aznar A, Lozano MD, Melero I. Functional expression of CD137 (4-1BB) on T helper follicular cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1054597. [PMID: 26587331 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1054597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB) is a surface protein initially discovered to mark activated T lymphocytes. However, its broader expression pattern also encompasses activated NK cells, B cells and myeloid cells, including mature dendritic cells. In this study, we have immunostained for CD137 on paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues including tonsils, lymph nodes, ectopic tertiary lymphoid tissue in Hashimoto thyroiditis and cancer. Surprisingly, immunostaining mainly decorated intrafollicular lymphocytes in the tissues analyzed, with only scattered staining in interfollicular areas. Moreover, pathologic lymphoid follicles in follicular lymphoma and tertiary lymphoid tissue associated with non-small cell lung cancer showed a similar pattern of immunostaining. Multispectral fluorescence cytometry demonstrated that CD137 expression was restricted to CD4+ CXCR5+ follicular T helper lymphocytes (TFH cells) in tonsils and lymph nodes. Short-term culture of lymph node cell suspensions in the presence of either an agonistic anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or CD137-ligand stimulated the functional upregulation of TFH cells in 3 out of 6 cases, as indicated by CD40L surface expression and cytokine production. As a consequence, immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies targeting CD137 (such as urelumab and PF-05082566) should be expected to primarily act on this lymphocyte subset, thus modifying ongoing humoral immune responses in patients with autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alfaro
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology; Centre for Applied Medical Research ; Pamplona, Spain ; Oncology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Echeveste
- Pathology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology; Centre for Applied Medical Research ; Pamplona, Spain ; Oncology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose L Solorzano
- Pathology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A Idoate
- Pathology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Labiano
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology; Centre for Applied Medical Research ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Rouzaut
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology; Centre for Applied Medical Research ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology; Centre for Applied Medical Research ; Pamplona, Spain ; Oncology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angela Aznar
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology; Centre for Applied Medical Research ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria D Lozano
- Pathology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology; Centre for Applied Medical Research ; Pamplona, Spain ; Oncology Department; University Clinic of Navarra ; Pamplona, Spain
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29
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Lanitis E, Irving M, Coukos G. Targeting the tumor vasculature to enhance T cell activity. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:55-63. [PMID: 25665467 PMCID: PMC4896929 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in tumor immune surveillance as evidenced by extensive mouse-tumor model studies as well as encouraging patient responses to adoptive T cell therapies and dendritic cell vaccines. It is well established that the interplay of tumor cells with their local cellular environment can trigger events that are immunoinhibitory to T cells. More recently it is emerging that the tumor vasculature itself constitutes an important barrier to T cells. Endothelial cells lining the vessels can suppress T cell activity, target them for destruction, and block them from gaining entry into the tumor in the first place through the deregulation of adhesion molecules. Here we review approaches to break this tumor endothelial barrier and enhance T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evripidis Lanitis
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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30
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Vinay DS, Kwon BS. 4-1BB (CD137), an inducible costimulatory receptor, as a specific target for cancer therapy. BMB Rep 2014; 47:122-9. [PMID: 24499671 PMCID: PMC4163883 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how tumors evade immune surveillance, measures to counter the same have not kept pace with the advances made in designing effective strategies. 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRS9), an activation-induced costimulatory molecule, is an important regulator of immune responses. Targeting 4-1BB or its natural ligand 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) has important implications in many clinical conditions, including cancer. In-depth analysis revealed that 4-1BB-mediated anti-cancer effects are based on its ability to induce activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and among others, high amounts of IFN-γ. In this review, we will discuss the various aspects of 4-1BB-mediated anti-tumor responses, the basis of such responses, and future directions. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(3): 122-129]
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA70112, USA
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA70112, USA; Cell and Immunobiology, and R & D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
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31
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Endothelial CD276 (B7-H3) expression is increased in human malignancies and distinguishes between normal and tumour-derived circulating endothelial cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:149-56. [PMID: 24892449 PMCID: PMC4090744 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are surrogate markers of endothelial damage. CEC measured in patients with advanced cancer are thought not only to derive from damaged normal vasculature (n-CEC), but also from damaged (t-CEC). Therefore, assays that allow the discrimination between these two putative types of CEC are thought to improve the specificity of the enumeration of CEC in cancer. Methods: Identification of tumour-associated endothelial markers (TEM) by comparing antigen expression on normal vs t-CEC and assess the presence of t-CEC in peripheral blood of cancer patients by incorporating TEM in our novel flow cytometry-based CEC detection assay. Results: No difference in antigen expression between normal and malignant endothelial cells (ECs) was found for CD54, CD109, CD137, CD141, CD144 and CXCR7. In contrast, overexpression for CD105, CD146, CD276 and CD309 was observed in tumour ECs compared with normal ECs. CD276 was most differentially expressed and chosen as a marker for further investigation. CD276-expressing CEC were significantly higher in 15 patients with advanced colorectal cancer (median 9 (range 1–293 cell per 4 ml); P<0.005), in 83 patients with a glioblastoma multiforme (median 10 (range 0–804); P<0.0001) and in 14 patients with advanced breast cancer (median 14 (range 0–390) P<0.05) as compared with 24 healthy individuals (median 3 (range 0–11)). Of all patients with malignancies, 58% had CD276+ CEC counts above the ULN (8 cell per 4 ml). Conclusions: The present study shows that CD276 can be used to discriminate ECs from malignant tissue from ECs from normal tissue. In addition, CD276+ CEC do occur in higher frequencies in patients with advanced cancer.
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32
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Mauge L, Terme M, Tartour E, Helley D. Control of the adaptive immune response by tumor vasculature. Front Oncol 2014; 4:61. [PMID: 24734218 PMCID: PMC3975114 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is nowadays described as an entire organ that regulates various processes: vascular tone, coagulation, inflammation, and immune cell trafficking, depending on the vascular site and its specific microenvironment as well as on endothelial cell-intrinsic mechanisms like epigenetic changes. In this review, we will focus on the control of the adaptive immune response by the tumor vasculature. In physiological conditions, the endothelium acts as a barrier regulating cell trafficking by specific expression of adhesion molecules enabling adhesion of immune cells on the vessel, and subsequent extravasation. This process is also dependent on chemokine and integrin expression, and on the type of junctions defining the permeability of the endothelium. Endothelial cells can also regulate immune cell activation. In fact, the endothelial layer can constitute immunological synapses due to its close interactions with immune cells, and the delivery of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory signals. In tumor conditions, the vasculature is characterized by an abnormal vessel structure and permeability, and by a specific phenotype of endothelial cells. All these abnormalities lead to a modulation of intra-tumoral immune responses and contribute to the development of intra-tumoral immunosuppression, which is a major mechanism for promoting the development, progression, and treatment resistance of tumors. The in-depth analysis of these various abnormalities will help defining novel targets for the development of anti-tumoral treatments. Furthermore, eventual changes of the endothelial cell phenotype identified by plasma biomarkers could secondarily be selected to monitor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Mauge
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Magali Terme
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Dominique Helley
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Paris , France
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33
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Yin X, Luistro L, Zhong H, Smith M, Nevins T, Schostack K, Hilton H, Lin TA, Truitt T, Biondi D, Wang X, Packman K, Rosinski J, Berkofsky-Fessler W, Tang JP, Pant S, Geho D, Vega-Harring S, DeMario M, Levitsky H, Simcox M. RG7212 Anti-TWEAK mAb Inhibits Tumor Growth through Inhibition of Tumor Cell Proliferation and Survival Signaling and by Enhancing the Host Antitumor Immune Response. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5686-98. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Martinez-Forero I, Azpilikueta A, Bolaños-Mateo E, Nistal-Villan E, Palazon A, Teijeira A, Perez-Chacon G, Morales-Kastresana A, Murillo O, Jure-Kunkel M, Zapata JM, Melero I. T cell costimulation with anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies is mediated by K63-polyubiquitin-dependent signals from endosomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6694-706. [PMID: 23690480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Agonist anti-CD137 (4-1BB) mAbs enhance CD8-mediated antitumor immunity. Agonist anti-human CD137 mAbs binding to four distinct epitopes on the CD137 glycoprotein costimulated T cell activation irrespective of the engaged epitope or its interference with CD137L binding. CD137 perturbation with all these agonist mAbs resulted in Ag and Ab internalization toward an endosomal vesicular compartment. Internalization was observed in activated T lymphocytes from humans and mice, not only in culture but also in Ab-injected living animals. These in vivo experiments were carried out upon systemic i.v. injections with anti-CD137 mAbs and showed CD137 internalization in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and in activated human T cells transferred to immunodeficient mice. Efficient CD137 internalization required K63 polyubiquitination and endocytosed CD137-containing vesicles recruited TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 2 and were decorated with K63 polyubiquitins. CD137 stimulation activates NF-κB through a K63-linked polyubiquitination-dependent route, and CD137-associated TRAF2 becomes K63 polyubiquitinated. Consistent with a role for TRAF2 in CD137 signaling, transgenic mice functionally deficient in TRAF2 showed delayed immunotherapeutic activity of anti-CD137 mAbs. As a whole, these findings advance our knowledge of the mechanisms of action of anti-CD137 immunostimulatory mAbs such as those currently undergoing clinical trials in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Martinez-Forero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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35
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Anderson MW, Zhao S, Freud AG, Czerwinski DK, Kohrt H, Alizadeh AA, Houot R, Azambuja D, Biasoli I, Morais JC, Spector N, Molina-Kirsch HF, Warnke RA, Levy R, Natkunam Y. CD137 is expressed in follicular dendritic cell tumors and in classical Hodgkin and T-cell lymphomas: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:795-803. [PMID: 22901750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (also known as 4-1BB and TNFRSF9) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Originally identified as a costimulatory molecule expressed by activated T cells and NK cells, CD137 is also expressed by follicular dendritic cells, monocytes, mast cells, granulocytes, and endothelial cells. Anti-CD137 immunotherapy has recently shown promise as a treatment for solid tumors and lymphoid malignancies in preclinical models. We defined the expression of CD137 protein in both normal and neoplastic hematolymphoid tissue. CD137 protein is expressed by follicular dendritic cells in the germinal center and scattered paracortical T cells, but not by normal germinal-center B cells, bone marrow progenitor cells, or maturing thymocytes. CD137 protein is expressed by a select group of hematolymphoid tumors, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas, and follicular dendritic cells neoplasms. CD137 is a novel diagnostic marker of these tumors and suggests a possible target for tumor-directed antibody therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/diagnosis
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/metabolism
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/pathology
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/therapy
- Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Hodgkin Disease/therapy
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
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36
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Fisher TS, Kamperschroer C, Oliphant T, Love VA, Lira PD, Doyonnas R, Bergqvist S, Baxi SM, Rohner A, Shen AC, Huang C, Sokolowski SA, Sharp LL. Targeting of 4-1BB by monoclonal antibody PF-05082566 enhances T-cell function and promotes anti-tumor activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1721-33. [PMID: 22406983 PMCID: PMC11028822 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137, TNFRSF9) is a costimulatory receptor expressed on several subsets of activated immune cells. Numerous studies of mouse and human T cells indicate that 4-1BB promotes cellular proliferation, survival, and cytokine production. 4-1BB agonist mAbs have demonstrated efficacy in prophylactic and therapeutic settings in both monotherapy and combination therapy tumor models and have established durable anti-tumor protective T-cell memory responses. PF-05082566 is a fully human IgG2 that binds to the extracellular domain of human 4-1BB with high affinity and specificity. In preclinical studies, this agonist antibody demonstrated its ability to activate NF-κB and induce downstream cytokine production, promote leukocyte proliferation, and inhibit tumor growth in a human PBMC xenograft tumor model. The mechanism of action and robust anti-tumor efficacy of PF-05082566 support its clinical development for the treatment of a broad spectrum of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. Fisher
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Cris Kamperschroer
- Immunotoxicology Center of Emphasis, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT USA
| | - Theodore Oliphant
- Protein Therapeutics Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Victoria A. Love
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Paul D. Lira
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Regis Doyonnas
- Genetically Engineered Models Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - Simon Bergqvist
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Sangita M. Baxi
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Allison Rohner
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Amy C. Shen
- Biomarkers Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - Chunli Huang
- Biomarkers Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - Sharon A. Sokolowski
- Biomarkers Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - Leslie L. Sharp
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 10724 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
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37
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Teijeira Á, Palazón A, Garasa S, Marré D, Aubá C, Rogel A, Murillo O, Martínez‐Forero I, Lang F, Melero I, Rouzaut A. CD137 on inflamed lymphatic endothelial cells enhances CCL21‐guided migration of dendritic cells. FASEB J 2012; 26:3380-92. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Teijeira
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - Asís Palazón
- Hepathology and Gene Therapy Unit, Centre for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - Saray Garasa
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - Diego Marré
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Clínica Universidad de NavarraUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - Cristina Aubá
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Clínica Universidad de NavarraUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - Anne Rogel
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l'Université de Nantes Nantes France
| | - Ohiana Murillo
- Hepathology and Gene Therapy Unit, Centre for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - Iván Martínez‐Forero
- Hepathology and Gene Therapy Unit, Centre for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - François Lang
- Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l'Université de Nantes Nantes France
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Hepathology and Gene Therapy Unit, Centre for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
| | - Ana Rouzaut
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pío XII Pamplona Spain
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38
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Abstract
4-1BB (CD137), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is an activation-induced T-cell costimulatory molecule. Signaling via 4-1BB upregulates survival genes, enhances cell division, induces cytokine production, and prevents activation-induced cell death in T cells. The importance of the 4-1BB pathway has been underscored in a number of diseases, including cancer. Growing evidence indicates that anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies possess strong antitumor properties, which in turn are the result of their powerful CD8+ T-cell activating, IFN-γ producing, and cytolytic marker-inducing capabilities. In addition, combination therapy of anti-4-1BB with other anticancer agents, such as radiation, has robust tumor-regressing abilities against nonimmunogenic or poorly immunogenic tumors. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of ex vivo anti-4-1BB-activated CD8+ T cells from previously tumor-treated animals efficiently inhibits progression of tumors in recipient mice that have been inoculated with fresh tumors. In addition, targeting of tumors with variants of 4-1BBL directed against 4-1BB also have potent antitumor effects. Currently, a humanized anti-4-1BB is in clinical trials in patients with solid tumors, including melanoma, renal carcinoma, and ovarian cancer, and so far seems to have a favorable toxicity profile. In this review, we discuss the basis of the therapeutic potential of targeting the 4-1BB-4-1BBL pathway in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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39
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Snell LM, Lin GHY, McPherson AJ, Moraes TJ, Watts TH. T-cell intrinsic effects of GITR and 4-1BB during viral infection and cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2012; 244:197-217. [PMID: 22017440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
GITR [glucocorticoid inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related protein] and 4-1BB are costimulatory TNFR family members that are expressed on regulatory and effector T cells as well as on other cells of the immune system. Here we discuss the role of GITR and 4-1BB on T cells during viral infections and in cancer immunotherapy. Systemic treatment with agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody leads to a number of immune system abnormalities, and clinical trials of anti-4-1BB have been terminated. However, other modes of 4-1BB ligation may be less toxic. To date, similar toxicities have not been reported for anti-GITR treatment of mice, although anti-GITR antibodies can exacerbate mouse autoimmune models. Intrinsic effects of GITR and 4-1BB on effector T cells appear to predominate over their effects on other cell types in some models. Despite their similarities in enhancing T-cell survival, 4-1BB and GITR are clearly not redundant, and both pathways are required for maximal CD8(+) T-cell responses and mouse survival following severe respiratory influenza infection. GITR uses TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 2 and TRAF5, whereas 4-1BB recruits TRAF1 and TRAF2 to mediate survival signaling in T cells. The differential use of signaling adapters combined with their differential expression may explain the non-redundant roles of GITR and 4-1BB in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Snell
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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40
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Pappalardo F, Forero IM, Pennisi M, Palazon A, Melero I, Motta S. SimB16: modeling induced immune system response against B16-melanoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26523. [PMID: 22028894 PMCID: PMC3197530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological therapy of progressive tumors requires not only activation and expansion of tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but also an efficient effector phase including migration of CTLs in the tumor tissue followed by conjugation and killing of target cells. We report the application of an agent-based model to recapitulate both the effect of a specific immunotherapy strategy against B16-melanoma in mice and the tumor progression in a generic tissue section. A comparison of the in silico results with the in vivo experiments shows excellent agreement. We therefore use the model to predict a critical role for CD137 expression on tumor vessel endothelium for successful therapy and other mechanistic aspects. Experimental results are fully compatible with the model predictions. The biologically oriented in silico model derived in this work will be used to predict treatment failure or success in other pre-clinical conditions eventually leading new promising in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Asis Palazon
- CIMA and CUN University of Navarra Pamplona, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- CIMA and CUN University of Navarra Pamplona, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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41
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Jiang D, Tang Q, Schwarz H. Involvement of the cytokine receptor CD137 in murine hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 691:375-82. [PMID: 21153341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597
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42
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De Keersmaecker B, Heirman C, Corthals J, Empsen C, van Grunsven LA, Allard SD, Pen J, Lacor P, Thielemans K, Aerts JL. The combination of 4-1BBL and CD40L strongly enhances the capacity of dendritic cells to stimulate HIV-specific T cell responses. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 89:989-99. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0810466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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43
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Vinay DS, Kwon BS. The tumour necrosis factor/TNF receptor superfamily: therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:145-57. [PMID: 21401577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the body's ability to mount immune attacks on self. This results from recognition of self-proteins and leads to organ damage due to increased production of pathogenic inflammatory molecules and autoantibodies. Over the years, several new potential therapeutic targets have been identified in autoimmune diseases, notable among which are members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. Here, we review the evidence that certain key members of this superfamily can augment/suppress autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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44
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Palazón A, Teijeira A, Martínez-Forero I, Hervás-Stubbs S, Roncal C, Peñuelas I, Dubrot J, Morales-Kastresana A, Pérez-Gracia JL, Ochoa MC, Ochoa-Callejero L, Martínez A, Luque A, Dinchuk J, Rouzaut A, Jure-Kunkel M, Melero I. Agonist anti-CD137 mAb act on tumor endothelial cells to enhance recruitment of activated T lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2011; 71:801-11. [PMID: 21266358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the immune costimulatory molecule CD137, also known as 4-1BB, are presently in clinical trials for cancer treatment on the basis of their costimulatory effects on primed T cells and perhaps other cells of the immune system. Here we provide evidence that CD137 is selectively expressed on the surface of tumor endothelial cells. Hypoxia upregulated CD137 on murine endothelial cells. Treatment of tumor-bearing immunocompromised Rag(-/-) mice with agonist CD137 mAb did not elicit any measurable antiangiogenic effects. In contrast, agonist mAb stimulated tumor endothelial cells, increasing cell surface expression of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and E-selectin. When adoptively transferred into mice, activated T lymphocytes derived from CD137-deficient animals entered more avidly into tumor tissue after treatment with agonist mAb. This effect could be neutralized with anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 blocking antibodies. Thus, stimulation of CD137 not only enhanced T-cell activation but also augmented their trafficking into malignant tissue, through direct actions on the blood vessels that irrigate the tumor. Our findings identify an additional mechanism of action that can explain the immunotherapeutic effects of agonist CD137 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asís Palazón
- CIMA and CUN University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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45
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Kim JD, Kim CH, Kwon BS. Regulation of mouse 4-1BB expression: multiple promoter usages and a splice variant. Mol Cells 2011; 31:141-9. [PMID: 21347708 PMCID: PMC3932682 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of 4-1BB has been known to be dependent on T cell activation. Recent studies have, however, revealed that 4-1BB expression is not restricted to T cells. We sought to determine the molecular basis for the differential gene expression. Here we report the expression pattern of two mouse 4-1BB transcripts, type I and type II. Whereas the type I transcript was specifically expressed on immune organ as previously reported, the type II transcript was ubiquitously expressed in tissues and various cell lines. However, both type I and type II transcript were highly induced on activated T cells. Primer extension assay of the two 4-1BB transcripts suggested that mouse 4-1BB had more than two transcripts. Using luciferase assay we have identified three promoter regions (PI, PII and PIII), which located on upstream region of second exon 1, first exon 1, and exon 2, respectively. In particular, the type I transcript was preferentially induced when naïve T cells are stimulated by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) since NF-κB specifically binds to the putative NF-κB element of PI. We have also shown that a splice variant, in which the transmembrane domain was deleted, could inhibit 4-1BB signaling. The splicing variant was highly induced by TCR stimulation. Our results reveal 4-1BB also has a negative regulation system through soluble 4-1BB produced from a splice variant induced under activation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung D. Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Chang H. Kim
- Division of Cell and Immunobiology and R&D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Ilsan 411-769, Korea
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- Division of Cell and Immunobiology and R&D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Ilsan 411-769, Korea
- Department of medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans LA70112, USA
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46
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Ascierto PA, Simeone E, Sznol M, Fu YX, Melero I. Clinical experiences with anti-CD137 and anti-PD1 therapeutic antibodies. Semin Oncol 2010; 37:508-16. [PMID: 21074066 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide a pharmacological platform to block or activate the function of surface receptors. The immune system has evolved receptor-ligand pairs that repress or empower the cellular immune response, which, if tampered with, unleash more potent cellular immunity against tumor antigens. Agonist antibodies directed against CD137 (4-1BB) on the surface of antigen-primed T lymphocytes increase tumor immunity that is curative against some transplantable murine tumors. A fully human IgG4 anti-CD137 antibody is under development with signs of clinical activity and cases of severe liver toxicity that seem to be on-target and dose-dependent effects. Programmed death-1 (PD1) is a surface molecule delivering inhibitory signals important to maintain T-cell functional silence against their cognate antigens. Interference with PD1 or its ligand PD-L1 (B7-H1) increases antitumor immunity. As a result anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 human mAbs are under clinical development. Phase I trials with anti-PD1 mAb have yielded encouraging results with durable objective responses and a reasonable safety profile. As new class of drugs in cancer therapy, immunostimulatory mAbs have resulted in redefinition of tumor response criteria and rethinking of the rationale for combining these among each other and with other strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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47
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Dubrot J, Milheiro F, Alfaro C, Palazón A, Martinez-Forero I, Perez-Gracia JL, Morales-Kastresana A, Romero-Trevejo JL, Ochoa MC, Hervás-Stubbs S, Prieto J, Jure-Kunkel M, Chen L, Melero I. Treatment with anti-CD137 mAbs causes intense accumulations of liver T cells without selective antitumor immunotherapeutic effects in this organ. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1223-33. [PMID: 20336294 PMCID: PMC11030554 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cancer therapy with agonist anti-CD137 mAbs has been shown to induce immune-mediated tumor rejections in mice, and equivalent agents of this kind are currently being tested in cancer patients. Previous reports indicated that CD137 stimulation induced polyclonal infiltrates of T lymphocytes in the liver. This study characterizes the liver infiltrates and the target dependency of the phenomena and addresses the question of whether tumors nested in the liver are a more favorable target for CD137-based immunotherapy. METHODS Liver infiltrates were studied with conventional histology and multiple color flow cytometry of total liver leukocytes. CD137(-/-) mice, mice with a single rearrangement of the TCR (OT-1 mice) and Rag(-/-) mice were used to clarify molecular requirements. Mice implanted with MC38 colon carcinomas either subcutaneously or inside the liver were used for comparative studies under treatment with agonist anti-CD137 mAbs. RESULTS CD137 treatment caused mononuclear inflammation in the portal spaces of the liver, which gave rise to moderate increases in transaminases without signs of cholestasis. Marked increases in the numbers of CD8+ T cells were observed, including CD8+ T lymphocytes co-expressing CD11c. Infiltrates were absent in CD137(-/-) mice and mitigated in mice harboring a single transgenic TCR on their CD8 T cells. Despite the tumor-independent accumulation of T cells in the liver, immunotherapeutic effects were not more prominent against tumors located in this organ. CONCLUSIONS Target-dependent effects of CD137 stimulation lead to liver infiltration with T cells, but lymphocyte enrichment in this organ does not privilege this site for immunotherapeutic effects against transplanted tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Amidinotransferases/immunology
- Amidinotransferases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Organ Specificity
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dubrot
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisca Milheiro
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alfaro
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Asis Palazón
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Martinez-Forero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José L. Romero-Trevejo
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María C. Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Jure-Kunkel
- Bristol Myers-Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Lieping Chen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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48
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Shao Z, Schwarz H. CD137 ligand, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, regulates immune responses via reverse signal transduction. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:21-9. [PMID: 20643812 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0510315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB, TNFR superfamily 9) and its ligand are members of the TNFR and TNF families, respectively, and are involved in the regulation of a wide range of immune activities. CD137 ligand cross-links its receptor, CD137, which is expressed on activated T cells, and costimulates T cell activities. CD137 ligand can also be expressed as a transmembrane protein on the cell surface and transmit signals into the cells on which it is expressed (reverse signaling). CD137 ligand expression is found on most types of leukocytes and on some nonimmune cells. In monocytic cells (monocytes, macrophages, and DCs), CD137 ligand signaling induces activation, migration, survival, and differentiation. The activities of T cells, B cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, and some malignant cells are also influenced by CD137 ligand, but the physiological significance is understood only partly. As CD137 and CD137 ligand are regarded as valuable targets for immunotherapy, it is pivotal to determine which biological effects are mediated by which of the 2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shao
- Department of Physiology and Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Quek BZ, Lim Y, Lin J, Tan T, Chan J, Biswas A, Schwarz H. CD137 enhances monocyte–ICAM-1 interactions in an E-selectin-dependent manner under flow conditions. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:1839-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jeon HJ, Choi JH, Jung IH, Park JG, Lee MR, Lee MN, Kim B, Yoo JY, Jeong SJ, Kim DY, Park JE, Park HY, Kwack K, Choi BK, Kwon BS, Oh GT. CD137 (4–1BB) Deficiency Reduces Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic Mice. Circulation 2010; 121:1124-33. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.882704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which includes CD40, LIGHT, and OX40, plays important roles in atherosclerosis. CD137 (4-1BB), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been reported to be expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. However, limited information is available on the precise role of CD137 in atherosclerosis and the effects of blocking CD137/CD137 ligand signaling on lesion formation.
Methods and Results—
We generated CD137-deficient apolipoprotein E–knockout mice (
ApoE
−/−
CD137
−/−
) and LDL-receptor–knockout mice (
Ldlr
−/−
CD137
−/−
) to investigate the role of CD137 in atherogenesis. The deficiency of CD137 induced a reduction in atherosclerotic plaque lesions in both atherosclerosis mouse models, which was attributed to the downregulation of cytokines such as interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CD137 signaling promoted the production of inflammatory molecules, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, in endothelial cells. Stimulation of CD137 ligand signaling activated monocytes/macrophages and augmented the production of proinflammatory cytokines in atherosclerotic vessels.
Conclusions—
CD137/CD137 ligand signaling plays multiple roles in the progression of atherosclerosis, and thus, blockade of this pathway is a promising therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Jeon
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - In-Hyuk Jung
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Mi-Ran Lee
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Mi-Ni Lee
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Bora Kim
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Ji-Young Yoo
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Se-Jin Jeong
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Jeong Euy Park
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Beom Kyu Choi
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
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