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Gagnaire B, Arcanjo C, Cavalié I, Camilleri V, Simon O, Floriani M, Orjollet D, Adam-Guillermin C. Tritiated Water Exposure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects on the Early-Life Stages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:648-658. [PMID: 31858643 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen of natural and anthropogenic origin, is ubiquitously present in the environment. Effluents of nuclear centers of production are significant anthropogenic sources. With the upcoming project of thermonuclear fusion, tritium releases in the environment may increase. It is therefore important to characterize the ecological risk linked to tritium. The effects of tritiated water (HTO) were therefore studied in zebrafish larvae exposed for 10 d to different dose rates, 1.1 × 102 , 4.1 × 102 , and 3.8 × 103 µGy/h for larvae corresponding, respectively, to a water contamination of 104 , 105 , and 106 Bq/mL of HTO. Those dose rates were higher than 10 μGy/h, which is the threshold recommended to start monitoring ecosystems where radiological contaminants are present. Mortality, embryo-larval development, immune toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and alterations of tissues were investigated. The results showed that HTO exposure induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species production and modulated the expression of genes involved in detoxification processes. Moreover, modifications of the muscular tissues (degradation of myofibrils at 4 d post fertilization and disorganization of mitochondria at later stages) were observed. The results differed with HTO dose rates and with developmental stages. These results will drive future research for the development of new HTO-sensitive biomarkers and will allow us to progress in the characterization of the modes of action of tritium in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:648-658. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Gagnaire
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, France
| | - Caroline Arcanjo
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, France
| | - Isabelle Cavalié
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, France
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, France
| | - Olivier Simon
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, France
| | - Magali Floriani
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, France
| | - Daniel Orjollet
- PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, France
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Galeriu D, Melintescu A. Relevance of Night Production of OBT in Crops. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2016.1273705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Galeriu
- “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering , 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, Bucharest – Magurele, RO-077125, Romania
| | - Anca Melintescu
- “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering , 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, Bucharest – Magurele, RO-077125, Romania
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Melintescu A, Galeriu D. Uncertainty of current understanding regarding OBT formation in plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 167:134-149. [PMID: 27916298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiological impact models are important tools that support nuclear safety. For tritium, a special radionuclide that readily enters the life cycle, the processes involved in its transport into the environment are complex and inadequately understood. For example, tritiated water (HTO) enters plants by leaf and root uptake and is converted to organically bound tritium (OBT) in exchangeable and non-exchangeable forms; however, the observed OBT/HTO ratios in crops exhibit large variability and contradict the current models for routine releases. Non-routine or spike releases of tritium further complicate the prediction of OBT formation. The experimental data for a short and intense atmospheric contamination of wheat are presented together with various models' predictions. The experimental data on wheat demonstrate that the OBT formation is a long process, it is dependent on receptor location and stack dynamics, there are differences between night and day releases, and the HTO dynamics in leaf and ear is a very important contributor to OBT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melintescu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. Box MG-6, Bucharest - Magurele, RO-077125, Romania.
| | - D Galeriu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. Box MG-6, Bucharest - Magurele, RO-077125, Romania
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Chambers SD, Galeriu D, Williams AG, Melintescu A, Griffiths AD, Crawford J, Dyer L, Duma M, Zorila B. Atmospheric stability effects on potential radiological releases at a nuclear research facility in Romania: Characterising the atmospheric mixing state. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 154:68-82. [PMID: 26854556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A radon-based nocturnal stability classification scheme is developed for a flat inland site near Bucharest, Romania, characterised by significant local surface roughness heterogeneity, and compared with traditional meteorologically-based techniques. Eight months of hourly meteorological and atmospheric radon observations from a 60 m tower at the IFIN-HH nuclear research facility are analysed. Heterogeneous surface roughness conditions in the 1 km radius exclusion zone around the site hinder accurate characterisation of nocturnal atmospheric mixing conditions using conventional meteorological techniques, so a radon-based scheme is trialled. When the nocturnal boundary layer is very stable, the Pasquill-Gifford "radiation" scheme overestimates the atmosphere's capacity to dilute pollutants with near-surface sources (such as tritiated water vapour) by 20% compared to the radon-based scheme. Under these conditions, near-surface wind speeds drop well below 1 m s(-1) and nocturnal mixing depths vary from ∼ 25 m to less than 10 m above ground level (a.g.l.). Combining nocturnal radon with daytime ceilometer data, we were able to reconstruct the full diurnal cycle of mixing depths. Average daytime mixing depths at this flat inland site range from 1200 to 1800 m a.g.l. in summer, and 500-900 m a.g.l. in winter. Using tower observations to constrain the nocturnal radon-derived effective mixing depth, we were able to estimate the seasonal range in the Bucharest regional radon flux as: 12 mBq m(-2) s(-1) in winter to 14 mBq m(-2) s(-1) in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Chambers
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Dan Galeriu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, 077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - Alastair G Williams
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Anca Melintescu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, 077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - Alan D Griffiths
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Jagoda Crawford
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Leisa Dyer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Marin Duma
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, 077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - Bogdan Zorila
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, 077125 Bucharest, Magurele, Romania; Department of Electricity, Solid Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
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