1
|
Aly A, Hishari O, Stewart D, Awaisu A, Elshami S, Mukhalalati B. Exploring the perceptions of faculty members about research courses in undergraduate pharmacy curriculum: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305946. [PMID: 38917131 PMCID: PMC11198811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The commitment of pharmacy graduates to patient care and research is crucial to advancing pharmaceutical science and practice. Consequently, the value of involving undergraduate pharmacy students in research has been increasingly recognized. Given that the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University offers two undergraduate pharmacy research courses, it is relevant to explore the perception of faculty members of the delivery, impact, facilitators, barriers, and suggested improvements in these courses. This exploration will help to improve the existing curriculum and to highlight the prospective impact of student involvement in undergraduate pharmacy research courses on the personal and professional growth of students, as well as on the progressive evolution of the pharmacy profession. METHODS A qualitative exploratory case study was performed in which five virtual focus groups were conducted. All eligible faculty members from the clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical science departments with experience supervising students who had taken one or two undergraduate pharmacy research courses were invited to participate. The focus group questions were based on the Theoretical domain framework of behavioral determinants. Verbatim transcription was performed, and the collected data were thematically analyzed using the computer-assisted coding software NVivo®. RESULTS Of the 26 eligible faculty members, 21 participated in this study. Five deductive themes were identified: social professional role and influences, beliefs about capabilities, skills, beliefs about consequences and goals, and environmental resources and behavioral regulations. Overall, faculty members identified themselves as assessors and mentors. Participants expected students to possess independence, responsibility, and motivation. They believed that students generally required more practical research skills. Several benefits of incorporating students into undergraduate research have been highlighted, including increased publication productivity and quality. However, several hurdles to undergraduate research in pharmacy have been identified, including limited resources, limited timeframes, and sometimes delayed ethical approval. CONCLUSION Faculty members expressed optimism regarding the undergraduate research courses. However, some logistical concerns, including the lengthy ethical approval process and resource availability, must be addressed to optimize the effectiveness of these courses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaliah Aly
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ola Hishari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Derek Stewart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Elshami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Banan Mukhalalati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Watanabe K, Sakai T, Ohtsu F. Analysis of factors affecting pharmacists' ability to identify and solve problems. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37779212 PMCID: PMC10544319 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-023-00300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among Japanese pharmacists, there is a gap in their commitment to self-improvement and a possible gap in their ability to identify and solve problems. However, the factors causing this situation have not yet been clarified. This study was conducted to identify factors that influence the abilities of Japanese pharmacists to identify and solve problems, which are skills considered essential for this profession. A prior history of presenting at academic conferences was set as a surrogate outcome to clarify whether having this experience affects the factors. METHODS A nationwide internet-based survey was conducted among 300 participating hospitals and 300 community pharmacists. The survey was discontinued when the sample size of each group reached 300. The respondents were categorized into two groups on the basis of their experience of presenting at academic conferences in the survey item "status of self-improvement after employment." Their association with other survey items was determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The multivariate analysis revealed that 152 (50.7%) hospital pharmacists and 41 (13.7%) community pharmacists had presented at academic conferences. Among the hospital pharmacists, the experience of presenting at academic conferences was significantly associated with the "age 30 s (*references 20 s)," "presence of pharmacists to consult," "experience supervising interns," and "number of types of self-improvement" factors. For the community pharmacists, prior conference presentation experience was significantly associated with "age over 70 s," "highest educational background (doctoral or master's degree)," and "number of types of self-improvement." CONCLUSION This pioneering study suggests that having prior experience of presenting at academic conferences as a surrogate outcome of pharmacists' problem-finding and problem-solving skills may be related to the support provided by human environmental factors at the facility, the status of self-improvement, and the highest educational background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Watanabe
- Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ohtsu
- Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Instruments to assess the role of the clinical pharmacist: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2022; 11:175. [PMID: 35996155 PMCID: PMC9396863 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical pharmacist is an essential member of the healthcare team and plays an important role in health care in the primary care and the hospital setting. Knowledge regarding the instruments that evaluate the different activities of the clinical pharmacist, as well as the evaluation of the psychometric properties of these instruments, is necessary. METHODS A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases without time and language restrictions. For the search strategy, the "pharmaceutical services," "validity studies," and "professional performance" domains were used. To assess the quality of the instruments, the five sources of validity evidence of contemporary psychometry were used, and the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardized instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. After screening 4096 articles, 32 studies were selected. RESULTS A total of 32 studies were included, and 32 instruments were identified to be used by pharmacists acting in various pharmaceutical practice scenarios. It was found that the available instruments were developed or adapted from others, with variation in the methods, constructs, dimensions, and domains, as well as the psychometric properties. Most of the instruments addressed community pharmacies, and evidence of content validity and internal structure was found most frequently. A standardized and validated instrument that comprehensively assessed the performance of the clinical pharmacist, addressing clinical activities, was not identified for all practice environments. CONCLUSIONS Without standardized and validated instruments specifics to assess the performance of the clinical pharmacist, it is hard to establish the main clinical activities performed by pharmacists in their pharmaceutical practice environments and to propose training actions to improve professional practice. Despite the large number of instruments available and considered validated by the authors, it is questioned to what extent the validity indicators presented in the different studies really show the validation status. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD 42018099912.
Collapse
|
4
|
Penm J, Narayan S, Alffenaar J, Johnson JL, Mirkov S, Page AT, Pont LG, Patanwala AE. A benchmarking scoping review of research output from hospital pharmacy departments in Australia. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Penm
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Department of Pharmacy Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick Australia
| | - Sujita Narayan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Jan‐Willem Alffenaar
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Westmead Hospital Westmead Australia
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Jacinta L. Johnson
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
- SA Pharmacy Statewide Clinical Support Services, SA Health Adelaide Australia
| | - Sanja Mirkov
- Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service Cairns Australia
| | - Amy T. Page
- Pharmacy Department Alfred Health Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University Parkville Australia
- Centre for Optimization of Medicines School of Allied Health University of Western Australia Crawley Australia
| | - Lisa G. Pont
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia
- Department of Pharmacy Westmead Hospital Westmead Australia
| | - Asad E. Patanwala
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Department of Pharmacy Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Johnson JL, Blefari C, Ware RS, Clayson-Fisher T, Dettwiller P, Marotti S. Evaluation of research capacity and culture of hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in a state-wide Australian public health service: A cross-sectional survey. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:3775-3781. [PMID: 35525834 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating research with clinical practice is essential for evidence-based practice and continuous improvement in health care. Little is known about the research capacity and culture of the Australian hospital pharmacy workforce, particularly in rural areas and for pharmacy assistants/technicians. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to characterise the research capacity and culture of a state-wide public-hospital pharmacy service at organisation, team and individual levels, and to explore variables which influence research confidence and success. METHOD An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey using the validated Research Capacity in Context tool was emailed to all pharmacists, pharmacy assistants/technicians and non-clinical staff employed by a statewide pharmacy service in South Australia. Respondent characteristics and organisation, team and individual scores of research skill/success were summarised using descriptive statistics. T-tests compared results for pharmacists and pharmacy assistants/technicians and metropolitan-based and non-metropolitan-based staff. Regression analyses explored predictors of pharmacists individual research skill/success scores. RESULTS A response rate of 43.4% (n = 278/641, 19 sites) was obtained. Respondents were primarily pharmacists (68%) and pharmacy assistants/technicians (28%); 91% were practicing in a metropolitan setting. 47% reported no research experience. Highest scores for research skill/success were observed at the organisational level (mean score 6.0/10) vs. team (mean score 5.6/10) and individual levels (mean score 5.1/10). Within each level specific items that scored poorly were identified. Individual research skills/success scores were higher in pharmacists vs. pharmacy assistants/technicians (mean score 5.2/10 vs. 4.2/10, p < 0.01), and were not different between staff in metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan settings (mean scores 5.2 vs. 5.0, p = 0.77). For pharmacists, undertaking undergraduate or internship research projects or postgraduate research training were associated with higher individual scores of research skills and success. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This research extends understanding of hospital pharmacy research capacity and culture, describes research skills and success in hospital pharmacy technicians/assistants for the first time and highlights low-scoring areas; these could be targeted to improve research capacity and culture at an individual, team and organisational levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Johnson
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Concettina Blefari
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Robert S Ware
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Tara Clayson-Fisher
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Pascale Dettwiller
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Sally Marotti
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reali S, Lee T, Bishop J, Mirkov S, Johnson J, McCourt E, Hughes J, Pont L, Page AT, Penm J. Attitudes, barriers and facilitators of hospital pharmacists conducting practice‐based research: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Reali
- Pharmacy Department Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick Australia
| | - Teresa Lee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy The University of Sydney Camperdown Australia
| | - Jaclyn Bishop
- Pharmacy Department Ballarat Health Services Ballarat Australia
- Development and Improvement East Grampians Health Service Ararat Australia
| | - Sanja Mirkov
- School of Population Health The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jacinta Johnson
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
- SA Pharmacy SA Health Adelaide Australia
| | | | | | - Lisa Pont
- Discipline of Pharmacy University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia
- Pharmacy Department Westmead Hospital Westmead Australia
| | - Amy Theresa Page
- Pharmacy Department Alfred Health Melbourne Australia
- Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Jonathan Penm
- Pharmacy Department Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy The University of Sydney Camperdown Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yong FR, Hor SY, Bajorek BV. A participatory research approach in community pharmacy research: The case for video-reflexive ethnography. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:2157-2163. [PMID: 33903066 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) is a qualitative methodology that explores the complex nature of healthcare 'as it really is'. Its collaborative and reflexive process invites stakeholders (e.g. pharmacists and pharmacy support staff) to participate in analysing their everyday work practices as captured on video footage. Through close collaboration with practitioners and attention to their work contexts, VRE may be a useful methodology to engage a time-poor pharmacy workforce in research about themselves, encouraging more practitioner involvement in practice-based research. Aside from research, VRE has also been used effectively as an intervention to facilitate learning and change in healthcare settings, and could be effective in provoking change in otherwise resistant pharmacy environments. Much like traditional ethnographic approaches, VRE researchers have relied on being present 'in the field' to observe, record and make sense of practices with participants. The COVID-19 pandemic however, has introduced restrictions around travel and physical distancing, which has required researchers to contemplate the conduct of VRE 'at a distance', and to imagine new ways in which the methodological 'closeness' to stakeholders and their workplace contexts can be maintained when researchers cannot be on site. In this commentary, we outline the rationale for participatory methods, in the form of VRE, in pharmacy research. We describe the underlying principles of this innovative methodology, and offer examples of how VRE can be used in pharmacy research. Finally, we offer a reflexive account of how we have adapted the method for use in community pharmacy research, to adapt to physical distancing, without sacrificing its methodological principles. This paper offers not only a new methodology to examine the complexity of pharmacy work, but demonstrates also the responsiveness of VRE itself to complexity, and the potential breadth of future research applications in pharmacy both during and beyond the current pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith R Yong
- Pharmacy Department, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Chippendale, Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia.
| | - Su-Yin Hor
- Centre for Health Services Management, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Building 10, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Beata V Bajorek
- Pharmacy Department, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Chippendale, Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Williamson DR, Kanji S, Burry L. The Clinician Scientist. Can J Hosp Pharm 2021; 74:130-134. [PMID: 33896952 PMCID: PMC8042188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David R Williamson
- , BPharm, MSc, PhD, is a Full Clinical Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal; a Clinical Scientist with the Research Centre, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; and a Clinical Pharmacist with the Pharmacy Department, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec
| | - Salmaan Kanji
- , BScPharm, PharmD, is an Associate Scientist with the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; a Clinical Pharmacy Specialist-Critical Care with the Department of Pharmacy, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario; an Assistant Professor with the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario; and an Adjunct Professor with the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec
| | - Lisa Burry
- , BScPharm, PharmD, FCCP, FCCM, is a Clinician Scientist with the Department of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sinai Health System, an Associate Professor, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, and a PhD candidate at the University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alhomoud FK. Pharmacists' background, interests, barriers, self-perceived competence and confidence to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research in the GCC geographic area. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:411. [PMID: 33160355 PMCID: PMC7648932 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of ability and certainty to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research (PPBR) was a major issue among pharmacists worldwide as reported in previous literature, despite them having an interest in conducting PPBR. Therefore, this study aimed at highlighting the research background of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) pharmacists which are the six Arab states of the Arabian Gulf, and examining barriers to conducting PPBR. In addition, to determine the self-perceived level of competence and confidence when planning and conducting PPBR. METHODS This is a descriptive, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, performed among pharmacists working in the GCC countries (i.e. Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar). A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample, via distribution of 500 research participation cards to conference attendees. These cards a quick response (QR) code, which should be scanned via mobile phone, to direct all readers to the online survey. All pharmacist delegates attending the conference (i.e. the Saudi International Pharmaceutical Sciences Annual National Conference (SIPHA) and Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition (DUPHAT) in 2020 and who are working in one of the GCC co. untries as pharmacists were considered. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel software. RESULTS Two hundred and fourteen pharmacists were included. Seventy percent of the pharmacists had past PPBR background. Confidence and competence of pharmacists for research skills in regard to employing appropriate inferential statistical test, choosing software for statistical analysis, drafting a comprehensive plan for data analyses and determining appropriate sample size were weak. Highest competence and confidence were seen in preparing a presentation and searching the literature. Pharmacists with previous research experience (K-W: p = 0.001) and training (K-W: p = 0.003) had an overall ability to conduct PPBR. In addition, they had more interest in conducting PPBR (MWU = 3061.500, z = - 4.126, p = 0.000) and in learning about how to do so (MWU = 8698, z = - 1.898, p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists practicing in the GCC geographic area realized the importance of planning and conducting PPBR and were more confident and competent to undertake and contribute to PPBR, except for skills related to statistical analysis. Therefore, training programmes especially for biostatistics and data analysis are mandatory to enhance pharmacists' research capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kais Alhomoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeidan RK, Hallit S, Zeenny RM, Salameh P. Lebanese community-based pharmacists' interest, practice, knowledge, and barriers towards pharmacy practice research: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:550-557. [PMID: 31061624 PMCID: PMC6488827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the interest, knowledge, practice and barriers of Lebanese community-based pharmacists towards research, and to examine factors associated with interest. Methods A cross-sectional survey, conducted between January and May 2017, enrolled community pharmacists using a proportionate random sample of community pharmacies in the five districts of Lebanon, using the list of pharmacies provided by the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists. In the absence of validated questionnaires to answer our objectives, we created a questionnaire based on previous research. The questionnaire was modified based on the experiences and issues raised during focus groups with research active pharmacists and research oriented community pharmacists. Results A total of 399 pharmacists was enrolled. The results showed that 231 (72%) were conscious about the important role of research in the community pharmacy setting whereas only 5.6% considered it not important. Over two-thirds (68.5%) of the pharmacists declared being interested in participating in research. There was a statistical difference in the percentage of correct answers between auto-declared and corrected responses for all terms, with all p < 0.001.The most reported barrier was lack of time during hours of work (90.9%), followed by the lack of pharmacy staff (73.7%), lack of financial resources (68.9%), patient's lack of education and resistance to participation (64.8%), and lack of support (63.8%). Age (aOR = 0.92), years of experience (aOR = 1.06), and having been involved in research (aOR = 3.17) were associated with higher interest in research. Having studied in Lebanon (aOR = 3.63), having received previous research courses (aOR = 11.12) and being interested in research (aOR = 2.74) were associated with having participated in research projects during their professional experience. Conclusion Lebanese pharmacists have the good will to conduct and participate in research, but are lacking knowledge; this issue needs to be addressed vividly. Addressing the identified barriers could improve the research output of Lebanese community pharmacists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Karen Zeidan
- Faculty of Public Health 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shalansky S. The Advanced Pharmacist Practitioner: A New Series in the Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. Can J Hosp Pharm 2019; 72:42-48. [PMID: 30828093 PMCID: PMC6391237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Shalansky
- , BSc(Pharm), ACPR, PharmD, FCSHP, is Clinical Coordinator with the Pharmacy Department, Providence Healthcare, Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, and Clinical Professor with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. He is also the Editor of the Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heavner MS, Nguyen NK, Knauert MP, Verceles A, Pisani MA, Seung H, Gonzales JP. Survey of clinical pharmacist perceptions and practices in promoting sleep in intensive care unit patients. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh S. Heavner
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science; University of Maryland School of Pharmacy; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Nam K. Nguyen
- Master of Science in Regulatory Science Candidate; University of Maryland School of Pharmacy; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Melissa P. Knauert
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Avelino Verceles
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Margaret A. Pisani
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Hyunuk Seung
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science; University of Maryland School of Pharmacy; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Jeffrey P. Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science; University of Maryland School of Pharmacy; Baltimore Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abubakar U, Sulaiman SA, Usman MN, Umar MD. Nigerian pharmacists' self-perceived competence and confidence to plan and conduct pharmacy practice research. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2018; 16:1152. [PMID: 29619141 PMCID: PMC5881485 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2018.01.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have revealed that pharmacists have interest in conducting research. However, lack of confidence is a major barrier. Objective This study evaluated pharmacists' self-perceived competence and confidence to plan and conduct health-related research. Method This cross sectional study was conducted during the 89th Annual National Conference of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria in November 2016. An adapted questionnaire was validated and administered to 200 pharmacist delegates during the conference. Result Overall, 127 questionnaires were included in the analysis. At least 80% of the pharmacists had previous health-related research experience. Pharmacist's competence and confidence scores were lowest for research skills such as: using software for statistical analysis, choosing and applying appropriate inferential statistical test and method, and outlining detailed statistical plan to be used in data analysis. Highest competence and confidence scores were observed for conception of research idea, literature search and critical appraisal of literature. Pharmacists with previous research experience had higher competence and confidence scores than those with no previous research experience (p<0.05). The only predictor of moderate-to-extreme self-competence and confidence was having at least one journal article publication during the last 5 years. Conclusion Nigerian pharmacists indicated interest to participate in health-related research. However, self-competence and confidence to plan and conduct research were low. This was particularly so for skills related to statistical analysis. Training programs and building of Pharmacy Practice Research Network are recommended to enhance pharmacist's research capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Abubakar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Penang (Malaysia).
| | - Syed A Sulaiman
- Professor of Clinical Pharmacy. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Penang (Malaysia).
| | - Mohammad N Usman
- Principal Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, IBB Specialist Hospital. Minna (Nigeria).
| | - Muhammad D Umar
- Principal Pharmacist. Pharmacy Department, IBB Specialist Hospital. Minna (Nigeria).
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee R, Dahri K, Lau TTY, Shalansky S. Perceptions of Hospital Pharmacists Concerning Clinical Research: A Survey Study. Can J Hosp Pharm 2018; 71:105-110. [PMID: 29736043 PMCID: PMC5931069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have attempted to determine the proportion of Canadian hospital pharmacists involved in clinical research, despite a general consensus that research should be an essential component of a pharmacist's professional role. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to characterize the involvement in clinical pharmacy research of hospital pharmacists in the 4 health authorities of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia (collectively known as the Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services). The secondary objective was to identify perceived barriers to conducting research. METHODS Pharmacists employed within Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services were invited to participate in an online cross-sectional survey, for completion in August and September 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Groups of survey participants were compared to examine differences in measured outcomes. RESULTS A total of 534 pharmacists were surveyed, with a response rate of 16% (85/534). Overall, 77% (55/71) of the respondents reported having participated in research, and 87% (62/71) expressed interest in conducting future research. Chart reviews (78%, 36/46) and surveys (41%, 19/46) were the most common study designs used in prior research. Participants self-identified their research-related strengths as literature evaluation (46%, 27/59) and hypothesis generation (44%, 26/59). Conversely, 81% (48/59) of respondents self-identified statistical analysis as a weakness. Most respondents stated that personal satisfaction (82%, 49/60) and the opportunity to learn about disease states (78%, 47/60) were the driving factors for conducting research. The most commonly cited barrier to conducting research was lack of time (92%, 55/60). Opportunities to join existing teams (73%, 44/60) and mentorship programs (70%, 42/60) were identified as the most popular arrangements for encouraging future research. CONCLUSIONS Most of the pharmacists who responded to this survey reported having participated in clinical pharmacy research, but a lack of dedicated time appears to be a major hurdle to greater research participation. A targeted program increasing exposure to existing research teams and mentorship opportunities is recommended for promoting future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lee
- , BSc, is a student in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Class of 2018), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Karen Dahri
- , BSc, BSc(Pharm), PharmD, ACPR, is a Clinical Pharmacotherapeutic and Research Specialist in Internal Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver General Hospital, and is also an Assistant Professor (Partner) with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Tim T Y Lau
- , PharmD, is a Clinical Supervisor and Pharmacotherapeutic Specialist in Infectious Diseases, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver General Hospital, and is also a Clinical Professor with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and an Associate Member in the Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Stephen Shalansky
- , BSc(Pharm), ACPR, PharmD, FCSHP, is Clinical Coordinator of the Pharmacy Department, Providence Healthcare, Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services, and is a Clinical Professor with the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. He is also the Editor of the Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhagavathula AS, Gebreyohannes EA, Gebresillassie BM, Erku DA, Negesse CT, Belay YB. Community pharmacists' interest in and attitude to pharmacy practice research in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178919. [PMID: 28617834 PMCID: PMC5472273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy practice-research became an important component in the pharmacy practice. However, limited studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa to understand the pharmacists’ interest and attitude towards pharmacy practice-research. We aimed to assess the community pharmacists’ interest and attitude towards pharmacy practice-research in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among community pharmacists in eight major cities in Ethiopia. A validated 25-item self-administered questionnaire covering interest and attitude related to pharmacy practice-research was distributed. Responses were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 389 community pharmacists responded to the survey (response rate- 88.4%). Most of community pharmacists showed a high level of interest and positive attitude in being involved in all aspects of pharmacy practice-research. The median summary score for interest and attitude were 38 (IQR 20–40) (range possible 10–50) and 30 (IQR 18–39), respectively. Sixty-seven percent of the respondents thought about being involved in research, felt research is important for their career (57.6%), confident to conduct the research (56.2%), and agreed that research is a part of pharmacy practice (48.5%). However, only forty-six percent agreed that they underwent research training. A multivariate analysis showed that females were more interested in pharmacy practice research than males [AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.99–2.27; p<0.05]. Community pharmacists showed high interest towards several areas of research competencies and demonstrated positive attitude towards pharmacy practice-research. Our findings suggest that providing research training to community pharmacists may contribute in undertaking research activities and build the research capacity in Ethiopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Asfaw Erku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Gondar-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Chernet Tafere Negesse
- Department of Formulation Research and Development, Addis Pharmaceutical Factory, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Belete Belay
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Social Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Perreault MM. Today's Research Is Tomorrow's Practice: Promoting a Culture of Research. Can J Hosp Pharm 2017; 70:167-168. [PMID: 28680168 PMCID: PMC5491190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc M Perreault
- Address correspondence to: Dr Marc Perreault, Pharmacy Department, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Suite C1-200, Montreal QC H3G 1A4, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Perreault MM. [Not Available]. Can J Hosp Pharm 2017; 70:169-170. [PMID: 28680169 PMCID: PMC5491191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc M. Perreault
- Address correspondence to: D Marc Perreault, Service de pharmacie, Hôpital général de Montréal, 1650, avenue Cedar, bureau C1-200, Montréal (Québec) H3G 1A4, Courriel:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fakeye TO, Adisa R, Olukotun RT, Morawo PK. Hospital and community pharmacists' perception of the scope, barriers and challenges of pharmacy practice-based research in Nigeria. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2017; 15:881. [PMID: 28503223 PMCID: PMC5386624 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2017.01.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate perception, extent of involvement and barriers to pharmacy practice-based research among community and hospital pharmacists in Ibadan, Oyo state, southwestern Nigeria. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 65 hospital and 86 community pharmacists with at least five-year post-qualification experience, using pre-tested questionnaire. Socio-demographic information, extent of involvement, relevance and scope, as well as barriers to pharmacy practice-based research were explored. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used for evaluating ranked variables at p<0.05. RESULTS Nearly all participants (>95.0%) in each practice category agreed that pharmacy practice-based research is essential to pharmacy profession. Greater than 90.0% agreed that pharmacy practice-based research may help in identifying gaps to improve practice. Thirty-five (40.7%) community and 36(55.4%) hospital pharmacist participants had previously involved in practice-based research. Seventy-seven (89.5%) community and 55(84.3%) hospital pharmacists agreed that acquisition of additional research-oriented training is essential for effective conduct of pharmacy practice-based research. More than one-half in each category agreed that inadequate financial commitment and lack of access to patient's data are major barriers to pharmacy practice-based research. CONCLUSIONS Community and hospital pharmacists agreed that pharmacy practice based research is essential to pharmacy profession, especially in identifying areas of focus to improve practice. Necessity for acquiring additional training in research, financial constraints and lack of access to patient's data were identified as barriers to pharmacy practice-based research. Thus, there is a need to continually stimulate pharmacists' interest in research so as to enhance professional competence and promote healthcare development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo O Fakeye
- PhD. Professor. Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, (Nigeria).
| | - Rasaq Adisa
- PhD, Senior Lecturer. Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, (Nigeria).
| | - Rashidat T Olukotun
- BPharm. Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, (Nigeria).
| | - Paul K Morawo
- BPharm. Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, (Nigeria).
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Perspective on optimizing clinical trials in critical care: how to puzzle out recurrent failures. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:67. [PMID: 27826449 PMCID: PMC5097421 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Critical care is a complex field of medicine, especially because of its diversity and unpredictability. Mortality rates of the diseases are usually high and patients are critically ill, admitted in emergency, and often have several overlapping diseases. This makes research in critical care also complex because of patients’ conditions and because of the numerous ethical and regulatory requirements and increasing global competition. Many clinical trials in critical care have thus failed and almost no drug has yet been developed to treat intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Learning from the failures, clinical trials must now be optimized. Main body Several aspects can be improved, beginning with the design of studies that should take into account patients’ diversity in the ICU. At the site level, selection should reflect more accurately the potential of recruitment. Management of all players that can be involved in the research at a site level should be a priority. Moreover, training should be offered to all staff members, including the youngest. National and international networks are also part of the future as they create a collective synergy potentially improving the efficacy of sites. Finally, computerization is another area that must be further developed with the appropriate tools. Conclusion Clinical research in the ICU is thus a discipline in its own right that still requires tailored approaches. Changes have to be initiated by the investigators themselves as they know all the specificities of the field.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nazer LH, Tuffaha H, Jaddoua S. A Program to Increase Research Productivity Among Hospital Pharmacists. J Pharm Pract 2016; 30:336-341. [PMID: 27112734 DOI: 10.1177/0897190016645432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development, implementation, and outcomes of a structured research training program that aimed to increase the research productivity among hospital pharmacists. METHODS The program was conducted in a step-wise approach and started with educational sessions on evidence-based medicine and research methods. After about a year, pharmacists were trained and mentored on how to conduct and publish a research project. We evaluated the number of research projects and publications for the pharmacy department before and after the implementation of the program. RESULTS In the 5 years prior to implementing the program, there were a total of 4 institutional review board (IRB) proposals, 4 abstracts, and 2 manuscripts, which had pharmacists as primary investigators. After 5 years of running the program, there were 24 pharmacist-initiated research proposals submitted to the IRB, 29 abstracts, and 11 published manuscripts. The major challenges were the lack of sufficient time and the extensive training and mentorship required. CONCLUSION Implementing a structured pharmacy research program at a hospital setting was feasible and was associated with an increase in the pharmacist-led research and publications. The success of such a program requires training and mentorship, strong commitment, and administrative support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lama H Nazer
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham Tuffaha
- 2 Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saad Jaddoua
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sultana K, Al Jeraisy M, Al Ammari M, Patel R, Zaidi STR. Attitude, barriers and facilitators to practice-based research: cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Policy Pract 2016; 9:4. [PMID: 26877877 PMCID: PMC4751736 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-016-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the perceived attitude, barriers and facilitators of Saudi Pharmacists about practice based research. We aimed to measure the attitude, barriers, and facilitators of Saudi hospital pharmacists towards pharmacy practice research. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists (n = 216) working in King Abdulaziz Medical Cities in Central, Eastern and Western region hospitals was conducted during first week of September, 2013. The survey instrument comprised of six different sections that explored pharmacists previous participation in research, items regarding attitude, perception and willingness to participate, motivators, barriers, different areas of interest for doing research and patient demographics. Quantitative data collected was initially explored using frequency distribution, and descriptive analysis was carried out. Mann-Whitney U and independent samples t-test were used to explore the differences between the study variables. RESULTS One hundred and eighty two pharmacists completed the survey yielding a response rate of 84 %. Fifty-nine percent of pharmacists have prior research experience. Pharmacists with research experience were more confident in reading and evaluating research papers (p = 0.01), and designing a research study (p = 0.001). Pharmacists with previous research experience were also more likely to participate in future research opportunities (p = 0.004) and were confident in their research skills (p = 0.003). No differences were observed about the perceived value of research, facilitators and barriers to participate in research, between pharmacists with prior research experience and pharmacists who have no prior experience to do research. CONCLUSION Pharmacists in this study were unanimous about the importance of research but showed considerable differences in their confidence to carry out research. There is a need to provide additional support to enable Saudi pharmacists in conducting practice based research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khizra Sultana
- />King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Al Jeraisy
- />King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- />Pharmaceutical care services King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al Ammari
- />Pharmaceutical care services King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Patel
- />Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wheeler KE, Cook DJ, Mehta S, Calce A, Guenette M, Perreault MM, Thiboutot Z, Duffett M, Burry L. Use of probiotics to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: A survey of pharmacists' attitudes. J Crit Care 2015; 31:221-6. [PMID: 26643860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this survey was to describe pharmacists' attitudes regarding probiotic use in the intensive care unit (ICU); secondary objectives were to evaluate pharmacists' knowledge and use of probiotics for critically ill patients. METHODS The survey instrument was rigorously designed and pretested, then distributed in both English and French to Canadian ICU pharmacists. The online survey was open for 5 weeks, and 3 follow-up emails were sent to maximize response rates. RESULTS Of 303 eligible surveys, 191 were returned (63.0%). Probiotics were available in the hospitals of 69.8% (113/162) of respondents, and 62.0% (101/163) indicated that they had used probiotics for at least 1 ICU patient in the previous year. Most pharmacists (137/171, 80.1%) said that they would "never" consider recommending probiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients, and this response was more common (P = .0074) among pharmacists who were "unsure" about the safety of probiotics in this population when compared to those who felt that they knew how safe probiotics are. CONCLUSIONS Most Canadian ICU pharmacists have used probiotics at least once in the ICU in the last year. However, based on uncertain efficacy and safety, most ICU pharmacists would not currently recommend probiotics for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah J Cook
- Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adriana Calce
- Department of Pharmacy, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Marc M Perreault
- Department of Pharmacy, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zoé Thiboutot
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Duffett
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lisa Burry
- Department of Pharmacy, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Awaisu A, Kheir N, Alrowashdeh HA, Allouch SN, Jebara T, Zaidan M, Mohamed Ibrahim MI. Impact of a pharmacy practice research capacity-building programme on improving the research abilities of pharmacists at two specialised tertiary care hospitals in Qatar: a preliminary study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jphs.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Nadir Kheir
- College of Pharmacy; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Manal Zaidan
- Pharmacy Department; National Centre for Cancer Care and Research; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Awaisu A, Alsalimy N. Pharmacists' involvement in and attitudes toward pharmacy practice research: A systematic review of the literature. Res Social Adm Pharm 2014; 11:725-48. [PMID: 25698363 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of pharmacists in health care has evolved toward patient-centered care. Pharmacy practice-based research is essential to the advancement of practice; however, literature addressing attitudes and involvement of pharmacists in practice research indicates reluctance among them. An account of studies undertaken thus far is warranted. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to summarize and evaluate the views and attitudes of pharmacists regarding their involvement in pharmacy practice research as well as the barriers and enablers to such research. METHODS A systematic review of original studies published mainly in MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify published studies that report pharmacists' attitudes and involvement in research as well as perceived facilitators and barriers. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers using a standardized data abstraction tool. RESULTS Fifteen studies utilizing questionnaire-based surveys, focus groups or interviews were identified and included in the review. The majority of studies (10 of 15) involved community pharmacists, while only 6 involved hospital pharmacists. Studies were mostly conducted in the UK (5 of 15), followed by Australia and Canada (3 of 15 each). Early studies focused on pharmacists' attitudes on practice-based research, but most recently there was attention on practice-based research networks (PBRNs). Pharmacists' awareness, interest and willingness to participate in practice research, their actual involvement in research projects, and positive attitude toward research have increased over time. Pharmacists generally believed that practice-based research was needed for professional development of pharmacy and agreed with the importance of research to support evidence-based practice and to improve the quality of patient care and outcomes. The most commonly reported barriers to participation in research across the reviewed studies were: lack of time and workload; insufficient or lack of funds; and lack of research knowledge, training, mentorship and support. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists recognize the value of research in advancing pharmacy practice and indicate their willingness to be involved in independent research and in PBRNs. Lack of time, training and support were identified as the greatest limitations to participation in practice research. These findings have important implications on promoting research capacity building through the development of PBRNs involving academic and pharmacy practitioners as well as informal research training programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Noor Alsalimy
- Geriatrics Medicine, Rumailah Hospital, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Williamson DR, Lalonde L, Méthot J, Simard C. Should residency projects involve more than one resident? Can J Hosp Pharm 2014; 67:48-51. [PMID: 24634528 DOI: 10.4212/cjhp.v67i1.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
[Not Available]. Can J Hosp Pharm 2014; 67:52-55. [PMID: 24634529 PMCID: PMC3952911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|