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Vázquez L, Redondo-Cubero A, Lorenz K, Palomares FJ, Cuerno R. Surface nanopatterning by ion beam irradiation: compositional effects. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:333002. [PMID: 35654034 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac75a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface nanopatterning induced by ion beam irradiation (IBI) has emerged as an effective nanostructuring technique since it induces patterns on large areas of a wide variety of materials, in short time, and at low cost. Nowadays, two main subfields can be distinguished within IBI nanopatterning depending on the irrelevant or relevant role played by the surface composition. In this review, we give an up-dated account of the progress reached when surface composition plays a relevant role, with a main focus on IBI surface patterning with simultaneous co-deposition of foreign atoms. In addition, we also review the advances in IBI of compound surfaces as well as IBI systems where the ion employed is not a noble gas species. In particular, for the IBI with concurrent metal co-deposition, we detail the chronological evolution of these studies because it helps us to clarify some contradictory early reports. We describe the main patterns obtained with this technique as a function of the foreign atom deposition pathway, also focusing in those systematic studies that have contributed to identify the main mechanisms leading to the surface pattern formation and development. Likewise, we explain the main theoretical models aimed at describing these nanopattern formation processes. Finally, we address two main special features of the patterns induced by this technique, namely, the enhanced pattern ordering and the possibility to produce both morphological and chemical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Redondo-Cubero
- Grupo de Electrónica y Semiconductores, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Faraday 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - K Lorenz
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologia (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F J Palomares
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Cuerno
- Departamento de Matemáticas and Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, E-28911 Leganés, Spain
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Sahoo SK, Mangal S, Mishra D, Singh UP, Kumar P. 100 keV H +
ion irradiation of as-deposited Al-doped ZnO thin films: An interest in tailoring surface morphology for sensor applications. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Kumar Sahoo
- School of Applied Sciences; KIIT (Deemed to be University); Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Sutanu Mangal
- School of Applied Sciences; KIIT (Deemed to be University); Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - D.K. Mishra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (ITER); Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University); Bhubaneswar 751030 Odisha India
| | - Udai P. Singh
- School of Electronics Engineering; KIIT (Deemed to be University); Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Pravin Kumar
- Inter University Accelerator Centre; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
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Cutinho J, Chang BS, Oyola-Reynoso S, Chen J, Akhter SS, Tevis ID, Bello NJ, Martin A, Foster MC, Thuo MM. Autonomous Thermal-Oxidative Composition Inversion and Texture Tuning of Liquid Metal Surfaces. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4744-4753. [PMID: 29648786 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Droplets capture an environment-dictated equilibrium state of a liquid material. Equilibrium, however, often necessitates nanoscale interface organization, especially with formation of a passivating layer. Herein, we demonstrate that this kinetics-driven organization may predispose a material to autonomous thermal-oxidative composition inversion (TOCI) and texture reconfiguration under felicitous choice of trigger. We exploit inherent structural complexity, differential reactivity, and metastability of the ultrathin (∼0.7-3 nm) passivating oxide layer on eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn, 75.5% Ga, 24.5% In w/w) core-shell particles to illustrate this approach to surface engineering. Two tiers of texture can be produced after ca. 15 min of heating, with the first evolution showing crumpling, while the second is a particulate growth above the first uniform texture. The formation of tier 1 texture occurs primarily because of diffusion-driven oxide buildup, which, as expected, increases stiffness of the oxide layer. The surface of this tier is rich in Ga, akin to the ambient formed passivating oxide. Tier 2 occurs at higher temperature because of thermally triggered fracture of the now thick and stiff oxide shell. This process leads to inversion in composition of the surface oxide due to higher In content on the tier 2 features. At higher temperatures (≥800 °C), significant changes in composition lead to solidification of the remaining material. Volume change upon oxidation and solidification leads to a hollow structure with a textured surface and faceted core. Controlled thermal treatment of liquid EGaIn therefore leads to tunable surface roughness, composition inversion, increased stiffness in the oxide shell, or a porous solid structure. We infer that this tunability is due to the structure of the passivating oxide layer that is driven by differences in reactivity of Ga and In and requisite enrichment of the less reactive component at the metal-oxide interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Cutinho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Boyce S Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Stephanie Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Microelectronics Research Center , Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - S Sabrina Akhter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Boston , 100 Morrissey Blvd. , Boston , Massachusetts 02169 , United States
| | - Ian D Tevis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Nelson J Bello
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Boston , 100 Morrissey Blvd. , Boston , Massachusetts 02169 , United States
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Michelle C Foster
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Boston , 100 Morrissey Blvd. , Boston , Massachusetts 02169 , United States
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Microelectronics Research Center , Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Biopolymer and Bio-composites Research Team, Center for Bioplastics and Bio-composites , Iowa State University , 1041 Food Sciences Building , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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