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Pauls AM, Jamadgni DU, George G, Gitua JN, Thuo MM. Stereo-Structural Fine Tuning of Chromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202318949. [PMID: 38446671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanoid carboxylates were synthesized, in situ self-assembled in primitive crystals to illustrate temperature-driven evolution in chromaticity. Evolution in structure (crystallinity), composition, luminosity and chromaticity investigated revealing the coupled role of divergence in order/structure (spatial organization), and composition in tuning observed color. Loss of crystallinity or increase in residual carbon leads to decrease in luminosity even with increase in hue. Comparing Ho and Er congeners shows that the density of accessible transitions relates to shifts in low and high wavelength components of color. This work demonstrates that, just as interface dipoles can lead to change in semiconductor bandgap, structure and composition can analogously alter observed color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M Pauls
- NC State University, Materials Science and Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Gary George
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Martin M Thuo
- North Carolina State University, Materials Science & Engineering, 911 Partners Way, 27695-7907, Raleigh, UNITED STATES
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2
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Martin A, Chen J, Du C, Kumar M, Tevis ID, Chang B, Pathak S, Thuo MM. Atomic Reconstruction of Au Thin Films through Interfacial Strains. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1967-1973. [PMID: 38289648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Interfaces play a critical thermodynamic role in the existence of multilayer systems. Due to their utility in bridging energetic and compositional differences between distinct species, the formation of interfaces inherently creates internal strain in the bulk due to the reorganization needed to accommodate such a change. We report the effect of scaling interfacial stress by deposition of different adlayers on a host thin metal film. Intrinsic property differences between host and deposited metal atoms result in varying degree of composition and energy gradient within the interface. Interfacial stress can increase defects in the host leading to (i) energy dissipation and reorganization to minimize surface energy, and (ii) increased material strength. We infer that dissipation of interfacial stress induces defect migration, hence bulk and surface atomic reconstruction as captured by the surface roughness and grain size reduction coupled with a concomitant increase in material strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Chuanshen Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ian D Tevis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Boyce Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sid Pathak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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3
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Martin A, Chang B, Cutinho J, Shen L, Ward T, Cochran EW, Thuo MM. Passivation-driven speciation, dealloying and purification. Mater Horiz 2021; 8:925-931. [PMID: 34821322 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thin passivating surface oxide layers on metal alloys form a dissipation horizon between dissimilar phases, hence harbour an inherent free energy and composition gradient. We exploit this gradient to drive order and selective surface separation (speciation), enabling redox-driven enrichment of the core by selective conversion of low standard reduction potential (E°) components into oxides. Coupling this oxide growth to volumetric changes during solidification allows us to create oxide crystallites trapped in a metal ('ship-in-a-bottle') or extrusion of metal fingerlings on the heavily oxidized particle. We confirm the underlying mechanism through high temperature X-ray diffraction and characterization of solidification-trapped particle states. We demonstrate that engineering the passivating surface oxide can lead to purification via selective dealloying with concomitant enrichment of the core, leading to disparate particle morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA-50010, USA.
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4
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Damon DE, Maher YS, Allen DM, Baker J, Chang BS, Maher S, Thuo MM, Badu-Tawiah AK. Determining Surface Energy of Porous Substrates by Spray Ionization. Langmuir 2019; 35:13853-13859. [PMID: 31585036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new spray-based method for characterizing surface energies of planar, porous substrates. Distinct spray modes (electrospray versus electrostatic spray), from the porous substrates, occur in the presence of an applied DC potential after wetting with solvents of different surface tension. The ion current resulting from the spray process is maximized when the surface energy of the porous substrate approaches the surface tension of the wetting solvent. By monitoring the selected ion current (e.g., benzoylecgonine, m/z 290 → 168) with a mass spectrometer or the total ion current with an ammeter, we determined the solvent surface tension yielding the maximum ion current to indicate the surface energy of the solid. Detailed evaluations using polymeric substrates of known surface energies enabled effective calibration of the approach that resulted in the correct estimation of the surface energy of hydrophobic paper substrates prepared by gas-phase silanization. A three-parameter empirical model suggests that the experimentally observed ion current profile is governed by differential partitioning of analyte controlled by the interfacial forces between the wetting solvent and the porous substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre E Damon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory , Ohio Department of Agriculture , Reynoldsburg , Ohio 43068 , United States
| | - Yosef S Maher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Danyelle M Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Jill Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Boyce S Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Simon Maher
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics , University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill , Liverpool L69 3GJ , U.K
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B. Berda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Leila F. Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yoan Simon
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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6
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Chang BS, Thomas B, Chen J, Tevis ID, Karanja P, Çınar S, Venkatesh A, Rossini AJ, Thuo MM. Ambient synthesis of nanomaterials by in situ heterogeneous metal/ligand reactions. Nanoscale 2019; 11:14060-14069. [PMID: 31313799 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coordination polymers are ideal synthons in creating high aspect ratio nanostructures, however, conventional synthetic methods are often restricted to batch-wise and costly processes. Herein, we demonstrate a non-traditional, frugal approach to synthesize 1D coordination polymers by in situ etching of zerovalent metal particle precursors. This procedure is denoted as the heterogeneous metal/ligand reaction and was demonstrated on Group 13 metals as a proof of concept. Simple carboxylic acids supply the etchant protons and ligands for metal ions (conjugate base) in a 1 : 1 ratio. This scalable reaction produces a 1D polymer that assembles into high-aspect ratio 'nanobeams'. We demonstrate control over crystal structure and morphology by tuning the: (i) metal center, (ii) stoichiometry and (iii) structure of the ligands. This work presents a general scalable method for continuous, heat free and water-based coordination polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyce S Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA. and US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, USA50011.
| | - Brijith Thomas
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, USA50011. and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Ian D Tevis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Paul Karanja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Simge Çınar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, USA50011. and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, USA50011. and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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7
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Chang BS, Fratzl M, Boyer A, Martin A, Ahrenholtz HC, De Moraes I, Bloch JF, Dempsey NM, Thuo MM. Rapid Prototyping of Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channels in Undercooled Metal Particle-Elastomer Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyce S. Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mario Fratzl
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, G2Elab, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Boyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Henry C. Ahrenholtz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Isabelle De Moraes
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Francis Bloch
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, 3SR, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nora M. Dempsey
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Gregory PR, Martin A, Chang BS, Oyola-Reynoso S, Bloch JF, Thuo MM. Inverting Thermal Degradation ( iTD) of Paper Using Chemi- and Physi-Sorbed Modifiers for Templated Material Synthesis. Front Chem 2018; 6:338. [PMID: 30246006 PMCID: PMC6137831 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrous cellulosic materials have been used as templates for material synthesis or organization via thermal degradation of the cellulose. Most of these methods, however, fail to exploit fiber organization, in part due to loss of structure with processing. Herein, we demonstrate that chemi- and physi-sorbed modifiers of cellulose alters the thermal degradation mechanism allowing for controlled deposition of oxide and carbon (incomplete combustion) along the original paper fiber network. We demonstrate that the degradation of the cellulose fibers depends on the amount of physisorbed material due, in part, to effect on the propagation of the ignition event. From the distribution of the residual elements and shape of the deposits, we can infer that the thermal degradation process depends on the nature, and concentration, of filler(s) or occluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Gregory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Boyce S. Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Stephanie Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jean-Francis Bloch
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, 3SR, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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9
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Chen J, Kim M, Gathiaka S, Cho SJ, Kundu S, Yoon HJ, Thuo MM. Understanding Keesom Interactions in Monolayer-Based Large-Area Tunneling Junctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5078-5085. [PMID: 30126267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport across self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been widely studied. Discrepancies of charge tunneling data that arise from various studies, however, call for efforts to develop new statistical analytical approaches to understand charge tunneling across SAMs. Structure-property studies on charge tunneling across SAM-based junctions have largely been through comparison of average tunneling rates and associated variance. These early moments (especially the average) are dominated by barrier width-a static property of the junction. In this work, we show that analysis of higher statistical moments (skewness and kurtosis) reveals the dynamic nature of the tunnel junction. Intramolecular Keesom (dipole-dipole) interactions dynamically fluctuate with bias as dictated by stereoelectronic limitations. Analyzing variance in the distribution of tunneling data instead of the first statistical moment (average), for a series of n-alkanethiols containing internal amide and aromatic terminal groups, we observe that the direction of dipole moments affects molecule-electrode coupling. An applied bias induces changes in the tunneling probability, affecting the distribution of tunneling paths in large-area molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , South Korea
| | - Symon Gathiaka
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science , University of California , La Jolla , California 92093-0657 , United States
| | - Soo Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , South Korea
| | - Souvik Kundu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02841 , South Korea
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50010 , United States
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10
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Damon DE, Yin M, Allen DM, Maher YS, Tanny CJ, Oyola-Reynoso S, Smith BL, Maher S, Thuo MM, Badu-Tawiah AK. Dried Blood Spheroids for Dry-State Room Temperature Stabilization of Microliter Blood Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9353-9358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deidre E. Damon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mengzhen Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Danyelle M. Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yosef S. Maher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christian J. Tanny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Stephanie Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Barry L. Smith
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, U.K. L69 3GJ
| | - Simon Maher
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, U.K. L69 3GJ
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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11
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Cutinho J, Chang BS, Oyola-Reynoso S, Chen J, Akhter SS, Tevis ID, Bello NJ, Martin A, Foster MC, Thuo MM. Autonomous Thermal-Oxidative Composition Inversion and Texture Tuning of Liquid Metal Surfaces. ACS Nano 2018; 12:4744-4753. [PMID: 29648786 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Droplets capture an environment-dictated equilibrium state of a liquid material. Equilibrium, however, often necessitates nanoscale interface organization, especially with formation of a passivating layer. Herein, we demonstrate that this kinetics-driven organization may predispose a material to autonomous thermal-oxidative composition inversion (TOCI) and texture reconfiguration under felicitous choice of trigger. We exploit inherent structural complexity, differential reactivity, and metastability of the ultrathin (∼0.7-3 nm) passivating oxide layer on eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn, 75.5% Ga, 24.5% In w/w) core-shell particles to illustrate this approach to surface engineering. Two tiers of texture can be produced after ca. 15 min of heating, with the first evolution showing crumpling, while the second is a particulate growth above the first uniform texture. The formation of tier 1 texture occurs primarily because of diffusion-driven oxide buildup, which, as expected, increases stiffness of the oxide layer. The surface of this tier is rich in Ga, akin to the ambient formed passivating oxide. Tier 2 occurs at higher temperature because of thermally triggered fracture of the now thick and stiff oxide shell. This process leads to inversion in composition of the surface oxide due to higher In content on the tier 2 features. At higher temperatures (≥800 °C), significant changes in composition lead to solidification of the remaining material. Volume change upon oxidation and solidification leads to a hollow structure with a textured surface and faceted core. Controlled thermal treatment of liquid EGaIn therefore leads to tunable surface roughness, composition inversion, increased stiffness in the oxide shell, or a porous solid structure. We infer that this tunability is due to the structure of the passivating oxide layer that is driven by differences in reactivity of Ga and In and requisite enrichment of the less reactive component at the metal-oxide interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Cutinho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Boyce S Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Stephanie Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Microelectronics Research Center , Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - S Sabrina Akhter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Boston , 100 Morrissey Blvd. , Boston , Massachusetts 02169 , United States
| | - Ian D Tevis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Nelson J Bello
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Boston , 100 Morrissey Blvd. , Boston , Massachusetts 02169 , United States
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Michelle C Foster
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Boston , 100 Morrissey Blvd. , Boston , Massachusetts 02169 , United States
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Microelectronics Research Center , Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Biopolymer and Bio-composites Research Team, Center for Bioplastics and Bio-composites , Iowa State University , 1041 Food Sciences Building , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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12
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Chang BS, Oyola-Reynoso S, Cutinho J, Thuo MM. Rapid One-Step Synthesis of Complex-Architecture Block Polymers Using Inductively “Armed-Disarmed” Monomer Pairs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyce S. Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Iowa State University; 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50014 USA
| | - Stephanie Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Iowa State University; 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50014 USA
| | - Joel Cutinho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Iowa State University; 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50014 USA
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Iowa State University; 2220 Hoover Hall Ames IA 50014 USA
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13
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Fratzl M, Chang BS, Oyola-Reynoso S, Blaire G, Delshadi S, Devillers T, Ward T, Dempsey NM, Bloch JF, Thuo MM. Magnetic Two-Way Valves for Paper-Based Capillary-Driven Microfluidic Devices. ACS Omega 2018; 3:2049-2057. [PMID: 31458514 PMCID: PMC6641529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a magnetically actuated two-way, three-position (+, 0, -), paper-based microfluidic valve that includes a neutral position (0)-the first of its kind. The system is highly robust, customizable, and fully automated. The advent of a neutral position and the ability to precisely control switching frequencies establish a new platform for highly controlled fluid flows in paper-based wicking microfluidic devices. The potential utility of these valves is demonstrated in automated, programmed, patterning of dyed liquids in a wicking device akin to a colorimetric assay but with a programmed fluid/reagent delivery. These valves are fabricated using facile methods and thus remain cost-effective for adoption into affordable point-of-care/bioanalytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fratzl
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering,
G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, Institut
Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Boyce S. Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Stephanie Oyola-Reynoso
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Guillaume Blaire
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering,
G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Delshadi
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering,
G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inserm, IAB, 38000
Grenoble, France Site Santé—Allée
des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Thibaut Devillers
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, Institut
Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Ward
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nora M. Dempsey
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, Institut
Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Francis Bloch
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institute of Engineering, 3SR, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- E-mail: (J.-F.B.)
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- E-mail: (M.M.T.)
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14
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Chen J, Giroux TJ, Nguyen Y, Kadoma AA, Chang BS, VanVeller B, Thuo MM. Understanding interface (odd–even) effects in charge tunneling using a polished EGaIn electrode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4864-4878. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport across large area molecular tunneling junctions is widely studied due to its potential in the development of quantum electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Thomas J. Giroux
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Yen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Atte A. Kadoma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Boyce S. Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | | | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
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15
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Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as a simple platform technology and hence have been broadly studied. With advances in state-of-the-art fabrication and characterization methods, new insights into SAM structure and related properties have been delineated, albeit with some discrepancies and/or incoherencies. Some discrepancies, especially between experimental and theoretical work, are in part due to the misunderstanding of subtle structural features such as phase evolution and SAM quality. Recent work has, however, shown that simple techniques, such as the measurement of static contact angles, can be used to delineate otherwise complex properties of the SAM, especially when complemented by other more advanced techniques. In this article, we highlight the effect of nanoscale substrate asperities and molecular chain length on the SAM structure and associated properties. First, surfaces with tunable roughness are prepared on both Au and Ag, and their corresponding n-alkanethiolate SAMs are characterized through wetting and spectroscopy. From these data, chain-length- and substrate-morphology-dependent limits to the odd-even effect (structure and properties vary with the number of carbons in the molecules and the nature of the substrate), parametrization of gauche defect densities, and structural phase evolution (liquidlike, waxy, crystalline interfaces) are deduced. An evaluation of the correlation between the effect of roughness and the components of surface tension (polar-γp and dispersive-γd) reveals that wetting, at nanoscale rough surfaces, evolves proportionally with the ratio of the two components of surface tension. The evolution of conformational order is captured over a range of molecular lengths and parametrized through a dimensionless number, χc. By deploying a well-known tensiometry technique (herein the liquid is used to characterize the solid, hence the term inverse tensiometry) to characterize SAMs, we demonstrate that complex molecular-level phenomena in SAMs can be understood through simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Stephanie Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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16
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Kimani FW, Mwangi SM, Kwasa BJ, Kusow AM, Ngugi BK, Chen J, Liu X, Cademartiri R, Thuo MM. Rethinking the Design of Low-Cost Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices. Micromachines (Basel) 2017; 8:E317. [PMID: 30400509 PMCID: PMC6190021 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the global diseases burden requires effective diagnosis and treatment. In the developing world, accurate diagnosis can be the most expensive and time-consuming aspect of health care. Healthcare cost can, however, be reduced by use of affordable rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). In the developed world, low-cost RDTs are being developed in many research laboratories; however, they are not being equally adopted in the developing countries. This disconnect points to a gap in the design philosophy, where parameterization of design variables ignores the most critical component of the system, the point-of-use stakeholders (e.g., doctors, nurses and patients). Herein, we demonstrated that a general focus on reducing cost (i.e., "low-cost"), rather than efficiency and reliability is misguided by the assumption that poverty reduces the value individuals place on their well-being. A case study of clinicians in Kenya showed that "zero-cost" is a low-weight parameter for point-of-use stakeholders, while reliability and standardization are crucial. We therefore argue that a user-driven, value-addition systems-engineering approach is needed for the design of RDTs to enhance adoption and translation into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith W Kimani
- Kiambu District Hospital, Kiambu 00900, Kenya.
- School of Public Health, Kenyatta University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Samuel M Mwangi
- School of Public Health, Kenyatta University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
- Department of Sociology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Benjamin J Kwasa
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Abdi M Kusow
- Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 00100, USA.
| | - Benjamin K Ngugi
- Department of Information Systems and Operations Management, Suffolk University, Boston, MA 02108, USA.
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Cademartiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
- Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites (CB2), Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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17
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Sodhi RNS, Brodersen P, Cademartiri L, Thuo MM, Nijhuis CA. Surface and buried interface layer studies on challenging structures as studied by ARXPS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana N. S. Sodhi
- Ontario Centre for the Characterisation of Advanced Materials (OCCAM), Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Peter Brodersen
- Ontario Centre for the Characterisation of Advanced Materials (OCCAM), Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Ludovico Cademartiri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) National University of Singapore 6 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117546
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18
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Oyola-Reynoso S, Frankiewicz C, Chang B, Chen J, Bloch JF, Thuo MM. Paper-based microfluidic devices by asymmetric calendaring. Biomicrofluidics 2017; 11:014104. [PMID: 28798839 PMCID: PMC5533503 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, efficient, one-step, affordable method to produce open-channel paper-based microfluidic channels. One surface of a sheet of paper is selectively calendared, with concomitant hydrophobization, to create the microfluidic channel. Our method involves asymmetric mechanical modification of a paper surface using a rolling ball (ball-point pen) under a controlled amount of applied stress (σz) to ascertain that only one side is modified. A lubricating solvent (hexane) aids in the selective deformation. The lubricant also serves as a carrier for a perfluoroalkyl trichlorosilane allowing the channel to be made hydrophobic as it is formed. For brevity and clarity, we abbreviated this method as TACH (Targeted Asymmetric Calendaring and Hydrophobization). We demonstrate that TACH can be used to reliably produce channels of variable widths (size of the ball) and depths (number of passes), without affecting the nonworking surface of the paper. Using tomography, we demonstrate that these channels can vary from 10s to 100s of microns in diameter. The created hydrophobic barrier extends around the channel through wicking to ensure no leakages. We demonstrate, through modeling and fabrication, that flow properties of the resulting channels are analogous to conventional devices and are tunable based on associated dimensionless numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissel Rd, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C Frankiewicz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissel Rd, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - B Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissel Rd, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissel Rd, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J-F Bloch
- Department of Paper and Biomaterials, Grenoble Institute of Technology, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissel Rd, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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19
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Chang BS, Oyola-Reynoso S, Chen J, Lu M, Thuo MM. Solvated-electron initiated rapid polymerization at ambient-temperature: a case of monomer solubility. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvated electrons are highly reactive species that offer a chance to develop odd-numbered electron chemistry in the form of a radical (1 electron) or a radical-anion (3 electrons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyce S. Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | | | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Microelectronics Research Center
| | - Mingchang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Microelectronics Research Center
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20
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Chen J, Liu J, Tevis ID, Andino RS, Miller CM, Ziegler LD, Chen X, Thuo MM. Spectroscopic evidence for the origin of odd–even effects in self-assembled monolayers and effects of substrate roughness. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6989-6995. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07580k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the effects of substrate roughness on the odd–even effect in n-alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) probed by vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Microelectronic Research Centre
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the Photonics Centre
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
| | - Ian D. Tevis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Richard S. Andino
- Department of Chemistry and the Photonics Centre
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
| | | | | | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Photonics Centre
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Microelectronic Research Centre
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21
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Mithila FJ, Oyola-Reynoso S, Thuo MM, Atkinson MB. Visualization of Hyperconjugation and Subsequent Structural Distortions through 3D Printing of Crystal Structures. LETT ORG CHEM 2016; 13:272-276. [PMID: 28659727 DOI: 10.2174/1570178613666160204010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural distortions due to hyperconjugation in organic molecules, like norbornenes, are well captured through X-ray crystallographic data, but are sometimes difficult to visualize especially for those applying chemical knowledge and are not chemists. METHODS Crystal structure from the Cambridge database were downloaded and converted to .stl format. The structures were then printed at the desired scale using a 3D printer. RESULTS Replicas of the crystal structures were accurately reproduced in scale and any resulting distortions were clearly visible from the macroscale models. Through space interactions or effect of through space hyperconjugation was illustrated through loss of symmetry or distortions thereof. CONCLUSION The norbornene structures exhibits distortion that cannot be observed through conventional ball and stick modelling kits. We show that 3D printed models derived from crystallographic data capture even subtle distortions in molecules. We translate such crystallographic data into scaled-up models through 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha J Mithila
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Green Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | | | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Green Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA 02125, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Manza Bj Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Green Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA 02125, USA
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22
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Oyola-Reynoso S, Chen J, Chang BS, Bloch JF, Thuo MM. Surface polymerization of perfluorosilane treatments on paper mitigates HF production upon incineration. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Burning perfluoro trichlorosilanes (RF) treated paper leads to depolymerization of the crosslinked polysilane, distilling off liquid RF and emitting CO2 and H2O as the only gaseous products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Micro-Electronic Research Center
| | - Boyce S. Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | | | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Micro-Electronic Research Center
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23
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Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of charge transport through molecular tunnel junctions requires reproducible and statistically relevant data sets. This challenge has been overcome by development of large area junctions, especially those based on liquid-metal physi-sorbed top-electrodes, such as eutectic gallium-indium. A challenge with these junctions, however, is an inability to diagnose the quality of contact between the top-electrode and the SAMs. Since tunneling currents are dependent on the distance between the two electrodes, we demonstrate that by analyzing all raw unfitted data derived from a measurement using heat-maps, one can deduce the quality of contact and other minor bias-dependent fluctuations in the charge transport behavior. We demonstrate that the use of 3D plots would be challenging to interpret, but adoption of heat maps clearly captures details on junction quality irrespective of the total size of the data set or molecules used. We propose representation of raw data, rather than reliance on statistics, as proof of quality junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sporrer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
- Micro-electronic Research Center, Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
- Micro-electronic Research Center, Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
- Biopolymer and Bio-composites Research Team, Center for Bioplastics and Bio-composites, Iowa State University , 1041 Food Sciences Building, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
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24
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Oyola-Reynoso S, Heim AP, Halbertsma-Black J, Zhao C, Tevis ID, Çınar S, Cademartiri R, Liu X, Bloch JF, Thuo MM. Reprint of 'Draw your assay: Fabrication of low-cost paper-based diagnostic and multi-well test zones by drawing on a paper'. Talanta 2015; 145:73-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Oyola-Reynoso S, Heim AP, Halbertsma-Black J, Zhao C, Tevis ID, Çınar S, Cademartiri R, Liu X, Bloch JF, Thuo MM. Draw your assay: Fabrication of low-cost paper-based diagnostic and multi-well test zones by drawing on a paper. Talanta 2015; 144:289-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Zhao C, Thuo MM, Liu X. Corrigendum: A microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensor array for multiplexed detection of metabolic biomarkers (2013 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 14 054402). Sci Technol Adv Mater 2015; 16:049501. [PMID: 27889792 PMCID: PMC5090187 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/4/049501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/5/054402.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, MD270, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts—Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, MD270, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
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27
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Schulz MD, Atkinson MBJ, Elsey RJ, Thuo MM. Copper(I) halides inhibit olefin isomerized by-products from phosphine-based Grubbs’ metathesis catalysts in polar protic solvents. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Simeone FC, Yoon HJ, Thuo MM, Barber JR, Smith B, Whitesides GM. Defining the Value of Injection Current and Effective Electrical Contact Area for EGaIn-Based Molecular Tunneling Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18131-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felice C. Simeone
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jabulani R. Barber
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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29
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Zhao C, Thuo MM, Liu X. A microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensor array for multiplexed detection of metabolic biomarkers. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2013; 14:054402. [PMID: 27877606 PMCID: PMC5090369 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/5/054402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices have emerged as simple yet powerful platforms for performing low-cost analytical tests. This paper reports a microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensor array for multiplexed detection of physiologically relevant metabolic biomarkers. Different from existing paper-based electrochemical devices, our device includes an array of eight electrochemical sensors and utilizes a handheld custom-made electrochemical reader (potentiostat) for signal readout. The biosensor array can detect several analytes in a sample solution and produce multiple measurements for each analyte from a single run. Using the device, we demonstrate simultaneous detection of glucose, lactate and uric acid in urine, with analytical performance comparable to that of the existing commercial and paper-based platforms. The paper-based biosensor array and its electrochemical reader will enable the acquisition of high-density, statistically meaningful diagnostic information at the point of care in a rapid and cost-efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, MD270, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts—Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, MD270, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
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30
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Bwambok DK, Thuo MM, Atkinson MBJ, Mirica KA, Shapiro ND, Whitesides GM. Paramagnetic ionic liquids for measurements of density using magnetic levitation. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8442-7. [PMID: 23972068 DOI: 10.1021/ac401899u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic ionic liquids (PILs) provide new capabilities to measurements of density using magnetic levitation (MagLev). In a typical measurement, a diamagnetic object of unknown density is placed in a container containing a PIL. The container is placed between two magnets (typically NdFeB, oriented with like poles facing). The density of the diamagnetic object can be determined by measuring its position in the magnetic field along the vertical axis (levitation height, h), either as an absolute value or relative to internal standards of known density. For density measurements by MagLev, PILs have three advantages over solutions of paramagnetic salts in aqueous or organic solutions: (i) negligible vapor pressures; (ii) low melting points; (iii) high thermal stabilities. In addition, the densities, magnetic susceptibilities, glass transition temperatures, thermal decomposition temperatures, viscosities, and hydrophobicities of PILs can be tuned over broad ranges by choosing the cation-anion pair. The low melting points and high thermal stabilities of PILs provide large liquidus windows for density measurements. This paper demonstrates applications and advantages of PILs in density-based analyses using MagLev.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Bwambok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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31
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Atkinson MBJ, Bwambok DK, Chen J, Chopade PD, Thuo MM, Mace CR, Mirica KA, Kumar AA, Myerson AS, Whitesides GM. Using Magnetic Levitation to Separate Mixtures of Crystal Polymorphs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Atkinson MBJ, Bwambok DK, Chen J, Chopade PD, Thuo MM, Mace CR, Mirica KA, Kumar AA, Myerson AS, Whitesides GM. Using magnetic levitation to separate mixtures of crystal polymorphs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10208-11. [PMID: 23939940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manza B J Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
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33
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Reus WF, Thuo MM, Shapiro ND, Nijhuis CA, Whitesides GM. The SAM, not the electrodes, dominates charge transport in metal-monolayer//Ga2O3/gallium-indium eutectic junctions. ACS Nano 2012; 6:4806-22. [PMID: 22548354 DOI: 10.1021/nn205089u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The liquid-metal eutectic of gallium and indium (EGaIn) is a useful electrode for making soft electrical contacts to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This electrode has, however, one feature whose effect on charge transport has been incompletely understood: a thin (approximately 0.7 nm) film-consisting primarily of Ga(2)O(3)-that covers its surface when in contact with air. SAMs that rectify current have been measured using this electrode in Ag(TS)-SAM//Ga(2)O(3)/EGaIn (where Ag(TS) = template-stripped Ag surface) junctions. This paper organizes evidence, both published and unpublished, showing that the molecular structure of the SAM (specifically, the presence of an accessible molecular orbital asymmetrically located within the SAM), not the difference between the electrodes or the characteristics of the Ga(2)O(3) film, causes the observed rectification. By examining and ruling out potential mechanisms of rectification that rely either on the Ga(2)O(3) film or on the asymmetry of the electrodes, this paper demonstrates that the structure of the SAM dominates charge transport through Ag(TS)-SAM//Ga(2)O(3)/EGaIn junctions, and that the electrical characteristics of the Ga(2)O(3) film have a negligible effect on these measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Reus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Thuo MM, Reus WF, Simeone FC, Kim C, Schulz MD, Yoon HJ, Whitesides GM. Replacing −CH2CH2– with −CONH– Does Not Significantly Change Rates of Charge Transport through AgTS-SAM//Ga2O3/EGaIn Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10876-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301778s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin M. Thuo
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12
Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - William F. Reus
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12
Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Felice C. Simeone
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12
Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12
Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12
Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12
Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12
Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Yoon HJ, Shapiro ND, Park KM, Thuo MM, Soh S, Whitesides GM. The rate of charge tunneling through self-assembled monolayers is insensitive to many functional group substitutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4658-61. [PMID: 22504880 PMCID: PMC3518389 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper characterizes the rates of charge transport by tunneling across a series of molecules—arrayed in self-assembled monolayers—containing a common head group and body (HS(CH2)4CONH(CH2)2-) and structurally varied tail groups (-R). These molecules are assembled in junctions of the structure AgTS/SAM//Ga2O3/EGaIn. Over a range of common aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic organic tail groups, changing the structure of R does not significantly influence the rate of tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA, 02138 USA
| | - Nathan D. Shapiro
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA, 02138 USA
| | - Kyeng Min Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA, 02138 USA
| | - Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA, 02138 USA
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA, 02138 USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA, 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Yoon HJ, Shapiro ND, Park KM, Thuo MM, Soh S, Whitesides GM. The Rate of Charge Tunneling through Self-Assembled Monolayers Is Insensitive to Many Functional Group Substitutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thuo MM, Reus WF, Nijhuis CA, Barber JR, Kim C, Schulz MD, Whitesides GM. Odd−Even Effects in Charge Transport across Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2962-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1090436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin M. Thuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - William F. Reus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jabulani R. Barber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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