1
|
Ha A, Kim YK, Jeoung JW, Satyal S, Kim J, Kim S, Park KH. Sovesudil (locally acting rho kinase inhibitor) for the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma: the randomized phase II study. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e470-e477. [PMID: 34318607 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate ocular hypotensive efficacy and the safety of sovesudil (formally known as PHP-201), a novel Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). DESIGN Multicentre, prospective, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical study. METHODS Patients with NTG (unmedicated baseline IOP ≤ 21 mmHg) were randomized in 3 groups and treated with sovesudil in concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5%, or with a placebo three times daily (TID) for 4 weeks. The primary end-point was the mean diurnal IOP change from the baseline at week 4. Safety was recorded over a 4-week treatment period and the following 2-week observation period. RESULTS A total of 119 patients were included in the primary efficacy analysis. The mean diurnal IOP change from the baseline at week 4 was -1.56 mmHg for the high-dose group, -1.10 mmHg for the low-dose group and -0.65 mmHg for the placebo group. The difference between the high-dose and the placebo groups was -0.91 mmHg (95% confidence intervals: -1.73, -0.09). 0.5% sovesudil TID met the criteria for superiority to the placebo. The most frequent ocular adverse event among sovesudil-treated patients was conjunctival hyperaemia (24.4% for the high-dose and 17.5% for the low-dose group) and predominately classified as mild. CONCLUSIONS Sovesudil 0.25% and 0.5% TID showed statistically significant IOP-lowering effects and 0.5% concentration's IOP-lowering effects met the superiority criteria in comparison with the placebo at week 4. Sovesudil was well tolerated with mild adverse events including relatively low incidence of conjunctival hyperaemia in patients with NTG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahnul Ha
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faraji AH, Jaquins-Gerstl AS, Valenta AC, Ou Y, Weber SG. Electrokinetic Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Solutes to the Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2085-2093. [PMID: 32559365 PMCID: PMC11059855 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure-induced infusion of solutions into brain tissue is used both in research and in medicine. In medicine, convection enhanced delivery (CED) may be used to deliver agents to localized areas of the brain, such as with gene therapy to functional targets or with deep tumors not readily amenable to resection. However, clinical trials have demonstrated mixed results from CED. CED is limited by a lack of control of the infusion flow path and may cause damage or even neurological deficits due to neuronal distortion. In laboratory research, infusions may be achieved using pressure or using brief bursts of electrical current in iontophoresis. Electrokinetic convection enhanced delivery (ECED) has the potential to deliver drugs and other bioactive substances to local regions in the brain with improved control and lower applied pressures than pressure-based CED. ECED improves control over the infusion profile because the fluid follows the electrical current path and thus can be directed. Both small molecules and macromolecules can be delivered. Here we demonstrate proof-of-principal that electrokinetic (electroosmosis and electrophoresis) convection-enhanced delivery is a viable means for delivering solutes to the brain. We assessed the volume of tissue exposed to the infusates tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and fluorescent dextrans. Control of the direction of the transport was also achieved over distances ranging from several hundred micrometers to more than 4 mm. Electrokinetic delivery has the potential to improve control over infusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Faraji
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Clinical Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrea S Jaquins-Gerstl
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Clinical Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alec C Valenta
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Clinical Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yanguang Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Clinical Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stephen G Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Clinical Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bell M, Foley D, Naylor C, Wood G, Robinson C, Riley J, Epemolu O, Ellis L, Scullion P, Shishikura Y, Osuna-Cabello M, Ferguson L, Pinto E, Fletcher D, Katz E, McLean WHI, Wyatt P, Read KD, Woodland A. Discovery of Soft-Drug Topical Tool Modulators of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor 1 (S1PR1). ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:341-347. [PMID: 30891137 PMCID: PMC6421539 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
In
order to study the role of S1PRs in inflammatory skin disease,
S1PR modulators are dosed orally and topically in animal models of
disease. The topical application of S1PR modulators in these models
may, however, lead to systemic drug concentrations, which can complicate
interpretation of the observed effects. We set out to design soft
drug S1PR modulators as topical tool compounds to overcome this limitation.
A fast follower approach starting from the drug ponesimod allowed
the rapid development of an active phenolic series of soft drugs.
The phenols were, however, chemically unstable. Protecting the phenol
as an ester removed the instability and provided a compound that is
converted by enzymatic hydrolysis in the skin to the phenolic soft
drug species. In simple formulations, topical dosing of these S1PR
modulators to mice led to micromolar skin concentrations but no detectable
blood concentrations. These topical tools will allow researchers to
investigate the role of S1PR in skin, without involvement of systemic
S1PR biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - David Foley
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, U.K
| | - Claire Naylor
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Gavin Wood
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Colin Robinson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Lucy Ellis
- New Modalities, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Paul Scullion
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Erika Pinto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Daniel Fletcher
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Elad Katz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - W. H. Irwin McLean
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Paul Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| | - Andrew Woodland
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DDI 5EH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bell M, Foley D, Naylor C, Robinson C, Riley J, Epemolu O, Scullion P, Shishikura Y, Katz E, McLean WHI, Wyatt P, Read KD, Woodland A. Discovery of super soft-drug modulators of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3255-3259. [PMID: 30143424 PMCID: PMC6185871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The oral S1PR1 agonist ponesimod demonstrated substantial efficacy in a phase II clinical trial of psoriasis. Unfortunately, systemic side effects were observed, which included lymphopenia and transient bradycardia. We sought to develop a topical soft-drug S1PR1 agonist with an improved therapeutic index. By modifying ponesimod, we discovered an ester series of S1PR agonists. To increase metabolic instability in plasma we synthesised esters described as specific substrates for paraoxonase and butyrylcholinesterases, esterases present in human plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bell
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
| | - David Foley
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Claire Naylor
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Colin Robinson
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Jennifer Riley
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Ola Epemolu
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Paul Scullion
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Elad Katz
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul Wyatt
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Kevin D Read
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Andrew Woodland
- The Drug Discovery Unit, Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ţînţaş ML, Azzouz R, Peauger L, Gembus V, Petit E, Bailly L, Papamicaël C, Levacher V. Access to Highly Enantioenriched Donepezil-like 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Promising Anti-Alzheimer Prodrug Candidates via Enantioselective Tsuji Allylation and Organocatalytic Aza-Ene-Type Domino Reactions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10231-10240. [PMID: 30004228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at exploiting both the enantioselective Tsuji allylation of allyl carbonate 6 and an organocatalytic aza-ene-type domino reaction between enal 3a and β-enaminone 4a to develop a straightforward access to all of the four possible stereoisomers of a donepezil-like 1,4-dihydropyridine 1a (er up to 99.5:0.5; overall yield up 64%), an anti-Alzheimer's prodrug candidate. This strategy was extended to the preparation of other enantioenriched 1,4-dihydropyridines 1b-i (eight examples), highlighting its potential in the development of these chiral AChE inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabah Azzouz
- VFP Therapies, R&D , 1 rue Tesnière , 76130 Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Ludovic Peauger
- VFP Therapies, R&D , 1 rue Tesnière , 76130 Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Vincent Gembus
- VFP Therapies, R&D , 1 rue Tesnière , 76130 Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Emilie Petit
- Normandie Université , UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Laetitia Bailly
- Normandie Université , UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Cyril Papamicaël
- Normandie Université , UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Vincent Levacher
- Normandie Université , UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen , France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nuzzi R, Tridico F. Glaucoma: Biological Trabecular and Neuroretinal Pathology with Perspectives of Therapy Innovation and Preventive Diagnosis. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:494. [PMID: 28928631 PMCID: PMC5591842 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common degenerative disease affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and optic nerve axons, with progressive and chronic course. It is one of the most important reasons of social blindness in industrialized countries. Glaucoma can lead to the development of irreversible visual field loss, if not treated. Diagnosis may be difficult due to lack of symptoms in early stages of disease. In many cases, when patients arrive at clinical evaluation, a severe neuronal damage may have already occurred. In recent years, newer perspective in glaucoma treatment have emerged. The current research is focusing on finding newer drugs and associations or better delivery systems in order to improve the pharmacological treatment and patient compliance. Moreover, the application of various stem cell types with restorative and neuroprotective intent may be found appealing (intravitreal autologous cellular therapy). Advances are made also in terms of parasurgical treatment, characterized by various laser types and techniques. Moreover, recent research has led to the development of central and peripheral retinal rehabilitation (featuring residing cells reactivation and replacement of defective elements), as well as innovations in diagnosis through more specific and refined methods and inexpensive tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nuzzi
- Eye Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Ophthalmic HospitalTurin, Italy
| | - Federico Tridico
- Eye Clinic Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Ophthalmic HospitalTurin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alen J, Bourin A, Boland S, Geraets J, Schroeders P, Defert O. Tetrahydro-pyrimido-indoles as selective LIMK inhibitors: synthesis, selectivity profiling and structure–activity studies. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extensive structure–activity studies on three different modification sites resulted in a series of LIM kinase inhibitors, containing a novel tricyclic hinge-binding motif based on the pyrrolopyrimidine scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Alen
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - A. Bourin
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - S. Boland
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - J. Geraets
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - P. Schroeders
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - O. Defert
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Van de Velde S, De Groef L, Stalmans I, Moons L, Van Hove I. Towards axonal regeneration and neuroprotection in glaucoma: Rho kinase inhibitors as promising therapeutics. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 131:105-19. [PMID: 26093354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a prolonged life expectancy worldwide, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma is increasing. Glaucoma is the second cause of blindness, resulting from a slow and progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Up to now, intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is the only treatment modality by which ophthalmologists attempt to control disease progression. However, not all patients benefit from this therapy, and the pathophysiology of glaucoma is not always associated with an elevated IOP. These limitations, together with the multifactorial etiology of glaucoma, urge the pressing medical need for novel and alternative treatment strategies. Such new therapies should focus on preventing or retarding RGC death, but also on repair of injured axons, to ultimately preserve or improve structural and functional connectivity. In this respect, Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors hold a promising potential to become very prominent drugs for future glaucoma treatment. Their field of action in the eye does not seem to be restricted to IOP reduction by targeting the trabecular meshwork or improving filtration surgery outcome. Indeed, over the past years, important progress has been made in elucidating their ability to improve ocular blood flow, to prevent RGC death/increase RGC survival and to retard axonal degeneration or induce proper axonal regeneration. Within this review, we aim to highlight the currently known capacity of ROCK inhibition to promote neuroprotection and regeneration in several in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental glaucoma models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Stalmans
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Inge Van Hove
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li F, Gonzalez FJ, Ma X. LC–MS-based metabolomics in profiling of drug metabolism and bioactivation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
10
|
Ritchie TJ, Luscombe CN, Macdonald SJF. Analysis of the Calculated Physicochemical Properties of Respiratory Drugs: Can We Design for Inhaled Drugs Yet? J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:1025-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ci800429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Ritchie
- Respiratory CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Research Medicines Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Christopher N. Luscombe
- Respiratory CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Research Medicines Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Respiratory CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Research Medicines Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| |
Collapse
|