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Maina TW, McDonald PO, Rani Samuel BE, Sardi MI, Yoon I, Rogers A, McGill JL. Feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation postbiotic products alters immune function and the lung transcriptome of preweaning calves with an experimental viral-bacterial coinfection. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2253-2267. [PMID: 37806633 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease causes morbidity and mortality in cattle of all ages. Supplementing with postbiotic products from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation (SCFP) has been reported to improve growth and provide metabolic support required for immune activation in calves. The objective of this study was to determine effects of SCFP supplementation on the transcriptional response to coinfection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Pasteurella multocida in the lung using RNA sequencing. Twenty-three calves were enrolled and assigned to 2 treatment groups: control (n = 12) or SCFP-treated (n = 11, fed 1 g/d SmartCare in milk and 5 g/d NutriTek on starter grain; both from Diamond V Mills Inc.). Calves were infected with ∼104 median tissue culture infectious dose per milliliter of BRSV, followed 6 d later by intratracheal inoculation with ∼1010 cfu of Pasteurella multocida (strain P1062). Calves were euthanized on d 10 after viral infection. Blood cells were collected and assayed on d 0 and 10 after viral infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were collected and assayed on d 14 of the feeding period (preinfection) and d 10 after viral infection. Blood and BAL cells were assayed for proinflammatory cytokine production in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a combination of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and imiquimod, and BAL cells were evaluated for phagocytic and reactive oxygen species production capacity. Antemortem and postmortem BAL and lesioned and nonlesioned lung tissue samples collected at necropsy were subjected to RNA extraction and sequencing. Sequencing reads were aligned to the bovine reference genome (UMD3.1) and edgeR version 3.32.1 used for differential gene expression analysis. Supplementation with SCFP did not affect the respiratory burst activity or phagocytic activity of either lung or blood immune cells. Immune cells from the peripheral blood of SCFP-supplemented calves produced increased quantities of IL-6 in response to toll-like receptor stimulation, whereas cells from the BAL of SCFP-treated calves secreted fewer proinflammatory cytokines and less tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in response to the same stimuli. Transcriptional responses in lung tissues and BAL samples from SCFP-fed calves differed from the control group. The top enriched pathways in SCFP-treated lungs were associated with decreased expression of inflammatory responses and increased expression of plasminogen and genes involved in glutathione metabolism, supporting effective lung repair. Our results indicate that supplementing with SCFP postbiotics modulates both systemic and mucosal immune responses, leading to increased resistance to bovine respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia W Maina
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010
| | - Paiton O McDonald
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Beulah E Rani Samuel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010
| | | | - Ilkyu Yoon
- Diamond V Mills Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
| | - Adam Rogers
- Diamond V Mills Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010.
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Mahmoud AHA, Slate JR, Hong S, Yoon I, McGill JL. Supplementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product modulates innate immune function and ameliorates bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonatal calves. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5891219. [PMID: 32780814 PMCID: PMC7457959 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of oral supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; SmartCare and NutriTek; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on immune function and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in preweaned dairy calves. Twenty-four Holstein × Angus, 1- to 2-d-old calves (38.46 ± 0.91 kg initial body weight [BW]) were assigned two treatment groups: control or SCFP treated, milk replacer with 1 g/d SCFP (SmartCare) and calf starter top-dressed with 5 g/d SCFP (NutriTek). The study consisted of one 31-d period. On days 19 to 21 of the supplementation period, calves were challenged via aerosol inoculation with BRSV strain 375. Calves were monitored twice daily for clinical signs, including rectal temperature, cough, nasal and ocular discharge, respiration effort, and lung auscultation. Calves were euthanized on day 10 postinfection (days 29 to 31 of the supplementation period) to evaluate gross lung pathology and pathogen load. Supplementation with SCFP did not affect BW (P = 0.762) or average daily gain (P = 0.750), percentages of circulating white blood cells (P < 0.05), phagocytic (P = 0.427 for neutrophils and P = 0.460 for monocytes) or respiratory burst (P = 0.119 for neutrophils and P = 0.414 for monocytes) activity by circulating leukocytes either before or following BRSV infection, or serum cortisol concentrations (P = 0.321) after BRSV infection. Calves receiving SCFP had reduced clinical disease scores compared with control calves (P = 0.030), reduced airway neutrophil recruitment (P < 0.002), reduced lung pathology (P = 0.031), and a reduced incidence of secondary bacterial infection. Calves receiving SCFP shed reduced virus compared with control calves (P = 0.049) and tended toward lower viral loads in the lungs (P = 0.051). Immune cells from the peripheral blood of SCFP-treated calves produced increased (P < 0.05) quantities of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in response to toll-like receptor stimulation, while cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of SCFP-treated calves secreted less (P < 0.05) proinflammatory cytokines in response to the same stimuli. Treatment with SCFP had no effect on virus-specific T cell responses in the blood but resulted in reduced (P = 0.045) virus-specific IL-17 secretion by T cells in the BAL. Supplementing with SCFP modulates both systemic and mucosal immune responses and may improve the outcome of an acute respiratory viral infection in preweaned dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa H A Mahmoud
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jamison R Slate
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Suyeon Hong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Jodi L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Youssef SA, Clark ME, Caswell JL. Effect of Bovine Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on the Development of Pneumonia Caused by Mannheimia haemolytica. Vet Pathol 2016; 41:649-57. [PMID: 15557073 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-6-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of recruited neutrophils in Mannheimia haemolytica infection is controversial. We hypothesized that the neutrophilia induced by recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) would lead to rapid bacterial clearance and less severe lesions after infection with M. haemolytica. Two experiments (A and B) were conducted in which four calves per experiment were treated daily with 5 μg/kg GCSF and four calves per experiment were treated with saline. All 16 calves were challenged with 5 × 109 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml (experiment A) or 4.5 × 108 cfu/ml (experiment B) of M. haemolytica bacteria, into the right bronchus by bronchoscope-placed catheter. The mean maximal blood neutrophil counts in non-GCSF-treated and GCSF-treated calves before bacterial challenge were 5.6 ± 0.7 × 109/liter and 25.4 ± 2.7 × 109/liter, respectively. Two untreated calves became neutropenic and were euthanatized 2 days after infection because of severe respiratory distress. GCSF-treated calves had a 37% reduction in lung lesions compared with nontreated calves, and this difference was significant ( P = 0.04) when the effect of previous antibody titre to leukotoxin was considered. The effect of GCSF treatment on the severity of clinical signs seemed to be influenced by the antibody titre to M. haemolytica leukotoxin, although this effect could not be conclusively addressed. In conclusion, GCSF induced neutrophilia and partially protected calves against experimental infection with M. haemolytica. These results imply that increased numbers of neutrophils may, under some circumstances, protect against severe pneumonia caused by M. haemolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Youssef
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W, Canada
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Hinds CA, Niehaus AJ, Premanandan C, Rajala-Schultz PJ, Rings DM, Lakritz J. Characterization of the contributions of Hp-MMP 9 to the serum acute phase protein response of lipopolysaccharide challenged calves. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:261. [PMID: 25358728 PMCID: PMC4220046 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a costly feature of modern cattle production. Early and accurate detection of BRD may prove useful in the successful management of this disease. The primary objective of the study was to define the time course of covalent complexes of neutrophil, haptoglobin (Hp) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Hp-MMP 9) in serum after intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison to traditional markers. Our hypothesis was that serum concentrations of neutrophil Hp-MMP 9 provides information distinct from traditional acute phase protein markers. To characterize the neutrophil responses to lipopolysaccharide (E. coli; O111:B4; 2.5 μg/kg body weight), nine healthy, Jersey calves (65-82 days of age; 74.5 ± 13.1 kg) were challenged and physiologic parameters, peripheral blood cell counts and serum cortisol (C), Hp-MMP 9, Hp, alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A (SAA) were obtained starting 24 hours before to 96 hours post-LPS challenge. Results Physiologic parameters (temperature, pulse, respiratory rate) and attitude assessed at each time point indicated that LPS challenge resulted in rapid onset of depression, tachypnea, leukopenia, neutropenia and lymphopenia within 1 hour. Serum C concentrations were significantly increased by 1 hour post-LPS. Serum Hp-MMP 9 complexes were detectable in serum by 0.5 hours and peaked at 16 h, serum total Hp remained <10 μg/mL until 8 hours post LPS infusion and were significantly greater than baseline by 12 hours post-LPS infusion. Serum amyloid A concentrations increased significantly by 8 hours post LPS. Serum concentrations of AGP increased significantly by 16 hours post LPS. Serum concentrations of Hp, SAA and AGP remained significantly greater than baseline out to 96 hours post-LPS. The total systemic exposure to traditional makers is significantly greater than from Hp-MMP 9 Conclusion Using a well described model for acute phase protein responses, the data demonstrate that serum neutrophil Hp-MMP 9 complexes appear sooner and decline more rapidly than other acute phase proteins (APP). Since Hp-MMP9 is stored pre-formed, it provides information specifically addressing the LPS-induced activation of bovine neutrophils. Contributions of Hp-MMP 9 to the serum acute phase protein response may provide useful information, independent of hepatic responses, in diagnosis of acute inflammation.
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Kirsten A, Watz H, Kretschmar G, Pedersen F, Bock D, Meyer-Sabellek W, Magnussen H. Efficacy of the pan-selectin antagonist Bimosiamose on ozone-induced airway inflammation in healthy subjects – A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011; 24:555-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Choi H, Fleming NW, Serikov VB. Contact activation via ICAM-1 induces changes in airway epithelial permeability in vitro. Immunol Invest 2007; 36:59-72. [PMID: 17190650 DOI: 10.1080/08820130600745703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of ICAM-1 in contact activation of the bronchial epithelial cells is elucidated. Direct contact between epithelial cells and leukocytes is required to change transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of the epithelium. Migration of human neutrophils across the layers of cultured human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3) or primary cow tracheal epithelial cells was induced by an fMLP gradient. Migrating neutrophils decreased TER and increased permeability to albumin. Monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 reduced neutrophil migration, thus reducing the changes in TER and changes in the epithelial permeability to albumin. By confocal microscopy, ERK1/2 was found to be locally activated in the epithelial cells at the sites of migration and cross-linking of ICAM-1. Blockade of ERK1/2 by PD98059 decreased the changes in TER which were induced by ICAM-1 cross-linking. Contact activation of the bronchial epithelial cells, involving ICAM-1 via local activation of ERK1/2, is an important mechanism of alteration of the bronchial epithelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon Choi
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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Meyer M, Beeh KM, Beier J, Beyer D, Aydt E, Zahlten R, Jilma B, Wolff G. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of inhaled bimosiamose disodium in healthy males. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 63:451-8. [PMID: 17067318 PMCID: PMC2203253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of these first-in-human studies was to investigate the tolerability and the pharmacokinetics of bimosiamose disodium (TBC1269Z) administered by inhalation. METHODS Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I trials were performed in healthy males. In a single-dose escalating study 48 subjects received doses of 2-140 mg bimosiamose disodium by inhalation and in a multiple-dose study 32 subjects received 8-70 mg bimosiamose disodium twice daily. In both studies 4 ml of the drug solution was administered via nebulizer over 15 min. Adverse events, vital signs, ECG, clinical laboratory parameters and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) data were recorded and nasopharyngeal examinations were performed to address the safety and tolerability. Blood was collected for the determination of plasma concentrations of bimosiamose. RESULTS All subjects completed the study. No deaths or severe adverse events occurred. Eleven mild adverse events occurred in the dose-escalation study and 34 in the multiple-dose study after inhalation of bimosiamose disodium. Adverse events were more frequent at the highest dose (140 mg) of the dose-escalation study. For placebo treatment one moderate adverse event was observed in the dose-escalation study after placebo treatment, eight mild and three moderate adverse events occurred in the multiple-dose study. Bimosiamose was detected in plasma (maximum concentration 64 ng ml(-1)) only at doses > or =50 mg given twice daily and 105 mg once daily. For the highest dose a median value of 5746 h ng ml(-1) was determined for the AUC over the entire period of treatment of the multiple-dose study. CONCLUSION The results suggest that single and multiple inhalation of bimosiamose disodium up to 70 mg is well tolerated in healthy males. Systemic bioavailability after inhalation is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meyer
- Revotar Biopharmaceuticals AG, Hennigsdorf, Germany.
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Beeh KM, Beier J. Handle with care: targeting neutrophils in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe asthma? Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:142-57. [PMID: 16433851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. Currently available drugs have only limited effects on neutrophilic airway inflammation, particularily in COPD. Therefore, great efforts are undertaken to address neutrophilic inflammation in chronic respiratory disorders, in particular COPD. This review summarizes the rationale for anti-neutrophilic treatment in COPD and asthma and gives a critical overview of current developments in drug therapy. Moreover, unanswered questions and limitations of clinical trial design and choice of outcome parameters for proof-of-concept studies with novel anti-neutrophilic drugs are discussed as well as potential safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Beeh
- Insaf Respiratory Research Institute, Wiesbaden, Germany.
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Beeh KM, Beier J, Meyer M, Buhl R, Zahlten R, Wolff G. Bimosiamose, an inhaled small-molecule pan-selectin antagonist, attenuates late asthmatic reactions following allergen challenge in mild asthmatics: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical cross-over-trial. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2005; 19:233-41. [PMID: 16140027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Revised: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by increased recruitment of inflammatory cells from the circulation into the airways. As selectins mediate tethering and rolling of leukocytes on the vascular endothelium, they constitute a promising target for the therapeutic modulation of inflammation. We evaluated the effect of inhaled bimosiamose (TBC1269), a synthetic pan-selectin antagonist, on allergen-induced late asthmatic reactions (LAR) in mild asthmatics. METHODS Twelve male subjects with mild allergic asthma (only beta-agonists prn) with demonstrable LAR (fall of FEV1 3-8h after allergen inhalation >15% of baseline) at screening completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical cross-over-trial. Subjects were treated with inhaled bimosiamose 70 mg bid or matching placebo on days 1-3 and 70 mg once on the morning of day 4. On day 4 following the last inhalation of study drug, an allergen challenge was performed. The primary endpoint was the maximum fall in FEV1 between 3 and 8h after allergen inhalation on active treatment vs. placebo. Secondary endpoints included early asthmatic response, exhaled nitric oxide, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine 24h post allergen. RESULTS Bimosiamose significantly attenuated the maximum LAR compared to placebo by 50.2% (placebo mean+/-SEM fall -13.10+/-2.30%, bimosiamose -6.52+/-3.86%, treatment effect p=0.045; linear mixed-effects model). There was no effect of active treatment on early asthmatic response, post allergen airway hyperresponsiveness or exhaled nitric oxide, and peripheral blood cells. CONCLUSIONS Administration of the pan-selectin antagonist bimosiamose is effective in a human allergen challenge model of asthma. The result of this proof-of-concept exploratory trial is the first study that demonstrates clinical efficacy of selectin-antagonists as novel therapeutic strategy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Beeh
- Pulmonary Department, Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Mainz, Germany.
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Caverly JM, Diamond G, Gallup JM, Brogden KA, Dixon RA, Ackermann MR. Coordinated expression of tracheal antimicrobial peptide and inflammatory-response elements in the lungs of neonatal calves with acute bacterial pneumonia. Infect Immun 2003; 71:2950-5. [PMID: 12704177 PMCID: PMC153274 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.5.2950-2955.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue removed from neonatal calves with acute Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia showed that rapid up-regulation of the basal mRNA expression of tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP), NF-kappa B, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 occurred after infection; TAP and interleukin 8 expression were highly correlated. This work suggests that the coordinated expression of beta-defensin and inflammatory elements occurs during bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Caverly
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1250, USA
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