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Bailey K, Webb T. Retrospective Study of Long-Term Outcome of Phacoemulsification in 22 Feline Eyes with Presumed Congenital/Juvenile Cataracts (2007-2020). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:121-128. [PMID: 35576397 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the complication risk and prevalence after phacoemulsification in cats with presumed congenital/inherited cataracts. Twelve client-owned cats were included in the study. This retrospective study spanned 13 yr and involved 22 eyes. The median age at the time of surgery was 15 mo (range: 4.5-168 mo of age). Recorded complications were 3 eyes developed postoperative ocular hypertension, 1 eye developed glaucoma, 7 eyes developed feline herpes virus-1 signs, and 7 eyes developed postoperative uveitis >2 wk after surgery. No eyes had developed intraocular sarcomas at the time of their last exam. All eyes remained visual at last follow-up (range: 0.5-121 mo). Success was defined as a comfortable and visual eye without intraocular neoplasia, glaucoma, a partial or complete retinal detachment, or uveitis that occurred >2 wk after surgery or persisted longer than 2 wk. Twenty-one out of 22 eyes had a successful outcome. In this study, cats with presumed congenital/juvenile cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification had an excellent outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Bailey
- From VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Clackamas, Oregon (K.B.)
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2
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Tătaru CP, Tătaru CI, Dudău M, Moșu A, Luca L, Maria B, Bancu A, Curcă PF. Traumatic Intralenticular Neovascularization in a HLA B27+ Pediatric Patient. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1493. [PMID: 34441427 PMCID: PMC8392562 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Intralenticular tumors are an entity akin to Schrodinger's cat since, although the human crystalline cells themselves are not known to malignly proliferate, various entities can take the appearance and clinical presentation of a tumor originating in the lens. We present the peculiar case of an 11-year-old male patient of African descent, HLA B27+, with a previous history of minor ocular trauma and unilateral anterior uveitis a year before which was admitted to our department with total opacification of the crystalline lens in the right eye and lens neovascularization. During surgery, a vascular, white fibrotic mass measuring 0.1-0.2 cm was discovered inside the lens bag and was excised. (2) Methods: Retrospective case review. (3) Results: The histopathological exam of the excised mass revealed an abundant infiltrate consisting of CD68+ foamy macrophages and lymphoplasmacytic elements. CD68 is a pan-macrophage marker associated with an active inflammatory mechanism soliciting macrophages, and tissue activated macrophages are correlated to increased stromal and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, providing an explanation for lens angiogenesis. (4) Conclusions: The diagnosis is of a "masquerade tumor" resulted from an abnormal inflammatory process in connection with previous ocular trauma and possibly the patient's HLA B27+ status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Călin Petru Tătaru
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.T.); (P.F.C.)
- Department Ophthalmology I, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Cătălina Ioana Tătaru
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.T.); (P.F.C.)
- Department Ophthalmology I, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Dudău
- Department Ophthalmology I, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Moșu
- Department Ophthalmology I, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Luca
- Anatomopathological Laboratory of the National Institute for Legal Medicine “Mina Minovici”, 042122 Bucharest, Romania; (L.L.); (B.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Bosa Maria
- Anatomopathological Laboratory of the National Institute for Legal Medicine “Mina Minovici”, 042122 Bucharest, Romania; (L.L.); (B.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alice Bancu
- Anatomopathological Laboratory of the National Institute for Legal Medicine “Mina Minovici”, 042122 Bucharest, Romania; (L.L.); (B.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Paul Filip Curcă
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.T.); (P.F.C.)
- Department Ophthalmology I, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (A.M.)
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3
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Intraocular Chondrosarcoma in a Rabbit. J Comp Pathol 2020; 179:41-44. [PMID: 32958146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic intraocular sarcomas are rarely reported in domestic animals and are most common in cats. An 8-year-old rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was referred to a veterinary clinic due to ocular discharge, uveitis and protein precipitate in the anterior chamber of the right eye. The eye was enucleated and histopathological examination revealed a poorly demarcated tumour within the ciliary body with invasion to adjacent eye structures. Neoplastic cells formed chaotic cartilage lacunae and were immunopositive for vimentin but immunonegative for pancytokeratin. On this basis, the neoplasm was diagnosed as a chondrosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of intraocular chondrosarcoma in a rabbit. There was no history of previous ocular trauma but as there was serological evidence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection, inflammation could have been a predisposing factor to development of the neoplasm.
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Makishima R, Kondo H, Naruke A, Shibuya H. Intraocular extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1151-1154. [PMID: 32612011 PMCID: PMC7468059 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-and-9-month-old male, lop-eared rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
presented with gradual enlargement of the left eye to 4 × 4 × 4 cm and exophthalmos. The
animal died 3 months later, and necropsy was performed. On gross pathology, the
intraocular tissue was effaced and occluded by a hard, light-gray mass. Histologically,
the mass comprised spindle-shaped to angular cells arranged in interlacing bundles with
abundant production of osteoid, bone and cartilage, consistent with osteosarcoma. Limited
cases of intraocular neoplasm have been reported in pet rabbits. To the best of our
knowledge, this represents the first pathologic documentation of intraocular osteosarcoma
in a rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Makishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
| | - Atsuto Naruke
- Sincere Animal Hospital, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1108, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shibuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
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Wood C, Scott EM. Feline ocular post-traumatic sarcomas: Current understanding, treatment and monitoring. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:835-842. [PMID: 31446864 PMCID: PMC10814148 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19870389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Ocular tumors in cats are seen uncommonly in general practice. Feline ocular post-traumatic sarcomas (FOPTS) represent a very aggressive type of ocular cancer that occurs in cats with a prior history of trauma or severe intraocular disease. Treatment options are limited and early recognition is imperative for close monitoring of disease progression and prompt enucleation. CLINICAL CHALLENGES There is often a delay between the initiating ocular trauma and tumor formation, with an average latency of approximately 6-7 years. Therefore, many cases may not be presented with a documented history of a traumatic incident, especially if the event occurred prior to adoption. While a histologic diagnosis is easy to obtain with enucleation, the aggressive and locally invasive behavior of FOPTS may prevent complete surgical resection. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE Cats are the most popular pet in the USA and Western Europe. As there is no breed predisposition for this particular cancer, and males are only slightly over-represented compared with females, a relatively large population of companion animals is at potential risk of developing FOPTS. AUDIENCE While uncommon, the understanding and recognition of this tumor type by general practitioners is important for the feline patient. This allows for close monitoring of cats known to have undergone serious ocular trauma, and prompt referral or early enucleation, as well as client education. PATIENT GROUP The typical patient is a middle-aged to older cat with a history of mechanical trauma to the eye, past intraocular surgery or chronic uveitis. EVIDENCE BASE Historically, there has been limited clinical evidence upon which to determine the optimal treatment for FOPTS, beyond enucleation of the affected eye. Recommendations are generally based on limited case reports and clinical experience of the practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrissa Wood
- Department of Medical Oncology, IndyVet Emergency and Specialty Clinic, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Erin M Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Fenollosa-Romero E, Jeanes E, Freitas I, Enache AE, Lockhart R, Fleming L, Knott TNL, Dawson C, Smith K, Busse C. Outcome of phacoemulsification in 71 cats: A multicenter retrospective study (2006-2017). Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:141-147. [PMID: 31328856 PMCID: PMC7169341 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess outcome of phacoemulsification in cats. METHODS Records of 71 cats (82 eyes) from five referral centers were reviewed. Groups were divided by cause of cataract (congenital/juvenile [n = 32], traumatic [n = 33], and secondary to uveitis [n = 6]), and group comparisons were performed for the most common complications: postoperative ocular hypertension (POH), uveitis, corneal ulceration, synechia/dyscoria, and posterior capsular opacity (PCO) in three different time periods: immediately postoperatively, at 1-90 days, and at >90 days. RESULTS Median follow-up was 198 days (interquartile range 64-518 days). The overall visual success rate of the cats with a 12-month follow-up was 92.6% (25/27 eyes). POH occurred in 35/82 (42.6%) eyes. Immediately postoperatively, uveitis was the most common complication in 28/82 eyes (34.1%) followed by corneal ulceration in 22/82 eyes (26.8%). At 1-90 days, uveitis in 41/81 eyes (50.6%) remained the most common complication, followed by synechia/dyscoria in 21/81 eyes (25.9%), corneal ulceration in 16/81 eyes (19.7%), and PCO in 15/81 eyes (18.5%). At >90 days, PCO in 17/47 eyes (36.1%), followed by synechia/dyscoria in 16/47 eyes (34%), was the most common complications. The number of eyes with synechia/dyscoria in the trauma group was higher (13/33 [39.3%]) than in the congenital/juvenile group (5/31 [16.1%]) at 1-90 days (P = .039). No statistical difference was found for the other group comparisons. Three eyes in total were enucleated owing to endophthalmitis, post-traumatic ocular sarcoma, and secondary glaucoma. CONCLUSION Uveitis in the short-term and PCO and synechia/dyscoria in the long-term were the most common complications following phacoemulsification in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte Dawson
- Royal Veterinary College Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, London, UK
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Post-traumatic Intraocular Leiomyosarcoma in a Domestic Bovine Calf (Bos primigenius taurus). J Comp Pathol 2019; 168:41-45. [PMID: 31103058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present report describes a case of a post-traumatic ocular leiomyosarcoma in a calf (Bos primigenius taurus) including clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features. Following a traumatic episode, the animal developed opacification of the lens and shrinkage of the eye. Subsequently, the ocular lesion increased in size over a period of 6 weeks and reached up to 16 cm in diameter with infiltration into the cranium. At necropsy examination, the kidneys, liver and spleen exhibited multiple firm white metastases up to 2 cm in diameter. The mass was composed of closely-packed streams and bundles of neoplastic cells, which immunohistochemically expressed vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin. Based on the anamnestic data, morphological appearance, distribution and immunohistochemical results, a diagnosis of a post-traumatic intraocular leiomyosarcoma was made. The tumour may have originated from cells lining the pectinate ligament of the ciliary body.
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8
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Gerhart J, Behling K, Paessler M, Milton L, Bramblett G, Garcia D, Pitts M, Hurtt R, Crawford M, Lackman R, Nguyen D, Infanti J, FitzGerald P, George-Weinstein M. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms tumors contain a subpopulation of noggin producing, myogenic cells immunoreactive for lens beaded filament proteins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214758. [PMID: 30973903 PMCID: PMC6459534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myo/Nog cells are identified by their expression of the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD and the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor noggin, and binding of the G8 monoclonal antibody. Their release of noggin is critical for morphogenesis and skeletal myogenesis. In the adult, Myo/Nog cells are present in normal tissues, wounds and skin tumors. Myo/Nog cells in the lens give rise to myofibroblasts that synthesize skeletal muscle proteins. The purpose of this study was to screen human lens tissue, rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, and tissue sections from rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms and tumors lacking features of skeletal muscle for co-localization of antibodies to Myo/Nog cell markers and the lens beaded filament proteins filensin and CP49. Immunofluorescence localization experiments revealed that Myo/Nog cells of the lens bind antibodies to beaded filament proteins. Co-localization of antibodies to G8, noggin, filensin and CP49 was observed in most RC13 and a subpopulation of RD human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Western blotting with beaded filament antibodies revealed bands of similar molecular weights in RC13 and murine lens cells. Human alveolar, embryonal, pleomorphic and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas and Wilms tumors contained a subpopulation of cells immunoreactive for G8, noggin, MyoD and beaded filaments. G8 was also co-localized with filensin mRNA. Staining for beaded filament proteins was not detected in G8 positive cells in leiomyosarcomas, squamous and basal cell carcinomas, syringocarciomas and malignant melanomas. Lens beaded filament proteins were thought to be present only in the lens. Myo/Nog-like cells immunoreactive for beaded filaments may be diagnostic of tumors related to the skeletal muscle lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Gerhart
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Behling
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
- Dept. of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Michele Paessler
- Division of Hematopathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - LaBraya Milton
- Dept. of Orthopaedics, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Gregory Bramblett
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Denise Garcia
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Meghan Pitts
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Reginald Hurtt
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Crawford
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Richard Lackman
- Dept. of Orthopaedics, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniela Nguyen
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Infanti
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Paul FitzGerald
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Mindy George-Weinstein
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Keller KA, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Reilly C, Valentine B, Duke Boynton FD, Scott EM, Dubielzig RR. POST-TRAUMATIC OCULAR LYMPHOMA IN THREE RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Volk HA, Bayley KD, Fiani N, Billson FM. Ophthalmic complications following ocular penetration during routine dentistry in 13 cats. N Z Vet J 2018; 67:46-51. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1521314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HA Volk
- Melbourne EyeVet, Melbourne, Australia
| | - KD Bayley
- Veterinary Ophthalmic Services, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - N Fiani
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - FM Billson
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Kim MJ, Kim JH. Radiation exposure and protection for eyes in pain management. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2017. [DOI: 10.17085/apm.2017.12.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Moreira MVL, de Andrade MC, Fulgêncio GO, Langohr IM, Ecco R. Presumed post-traumatic ocular chondrosarcoma with intrathoracic metastases in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:535-538. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus V. L. Moreira
- Section of Pathology; Department of Clinics and Surgery; Veterinary School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Maria C. de Andrade
- Section of Pathology; Department of Clinics and Surgery; Veterinary School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Gustavo O. Fulgêncio
- Self-employed Veterinarian; Veterinary Ophthalmology Service; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Section of Pathology; Department of Clinics and Surgery; Veterinary School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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Graham KL, Krockenberger MB, Billson FM. Intraocular sarcoma associated with lens capsule rupture and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 21:188-193. [PMID: 28008699 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical findings and ocular pathology in an adult Golden Retriever diagnosed with an intraocular sarcoma. Nineteen s prior to diagnosis with a lens capsule rupture and intraocular sarcoma, the dog was diagnosed with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and uveitis based on clinical signs and the ultrasonographic appearance of the eye. Two years after enucleation, there was no evidence of metastatic spread of the sarcoma. The immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor as well as the limitations and supportive evidence used in attempting to identify the histogenesis of the tumor are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Graham
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ophthalmology Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F Mark Billson
- Ophthalmology Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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14
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Hamada N. Ionizing radiation sensitivity of the ocular lens and its dose rate dependence. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:1024-1034. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1266407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Mechanisms Underlying the Absence of Cancers of the Human Crystalline Lens. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2016; 57:49-56. [PMID: 27898613 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Hamada N, Sato T. Cataractogenesis following high-LET radiation exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:262-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Individual response to ionizing radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:369-386. [PMID: 27919342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human response to ionizing radiation (IR) varies among individuals. The first evidence of the individual response to IR was reported in the beginning of the 20th century. Considering nearly one century of observations, we here propose three aspects of individual IR response: radiosensitivity for early or late adverse tissue events after radiotherapy on normal tissues (non-cancer effects attributable to cell death); radiosusceptibility for IR-induced cancers; and radiodegeneration for non-cancer effects that are often attributable to mechanisms other than cell death (e.g., cataracts and circulatory disease). All the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind IR-induced individual effects are not fully elucidated. However, some specific assays may help their quantification according to the dose and to the genetic status. Accumulated data on individual factors have suggested that the individual IR response cannot be ignored and raises some clinical and societal issues. The individual IR response therefore needs to be taken into account to better evaluate the risks related to IR exposure.
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18
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Hamada N, Fujimichi Y. Role of carcinogenesis related mechanisms in cataractogenesis and its implications for ionizing radiation cataractogenesis. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:262-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Robat C, Bemelmans I, Marescaux L. Retrobulbar lymphoma associated with a ballistic foreign body in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 57:217-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Robat
- Oncovet, Avenue Paul Langevin; 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - I. Bemelmans
- Oncovet Clinical Research, Avenue Paul Langevin; 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - L. Marescaux
- Oncovet, Avenue Paul Langevin; 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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Albert DM, Phelps PO, Surapaneni KR, Thuro BA, Potter HAD, Ikeda A, Teixeira LBC, Dubielzig RR. The Significance of the Discordant Occurrence of Lens Tumors in Humans versus Other Species. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1765-70. [PMID: 26130328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine in which species and under what conditions lens tumors occur. DESIGN A review of databases of available human and veterinary ocular pathologic material and the previously reported literature. PARTICIPANTS Approximately 18 000 patients who had ocular surgical specimens submitted and studied at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health between 1920 and 2014 and 45 000 ocular veterinary cases from the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin between 1983 and 2014. METHODS Material in 2 major archived collections at the University of Wisconsin medical and veterinary schools were studied for occurrence of lens tumors. Tumor was defined as a new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells. In addition, cases presented at 3 major eye pathologic societies (Verhoeff-Zimmerman Ophthalmic Pathology Society, Eastern Ophthalmic Pathology Society, and The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Ophthalmic Alumni Society) from 1975 through 2014 were reviewed. Finally, a careful search of the literature was carried out. Approval from the institutional review board to carry out this study was obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The presence of tumors of the lens. RESULTS The database search and literature review failed to find an example of a lens tumor in humans. In contrast, examples of naturally occurring lens tumors were found in cats, dogs, rabbits, and birds. In the veterinary school database, 4.5% of feline intraocular and adnexal neoplasms (234/5153) were designated as feline ocular posttraumatic sarcoma, a tumor previously demonstrated to be of lens epithelial origin. Similar tumors were seen in rabbit eyes, a bird, and in a dog. All 4 species with lens tumors had a history of either ocular trauma or protracted uveitis. The literature search also revealed cases where lens tumors were induced in zebrafish, rainbow trout, hamsters, and mice by carcinogenic agents (methylcholanthrene, thioacetamide), oncogenic viruses (SV40, HPV-16), and genetic manipulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lens tumors do not occur in humans. In contrast, after lens capsule rupture, a lens tumor can occur in other species. We hypothesize that a genetic mechanism exists that prevents lens tumors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Paul O Phelps
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Krishna R Surapaneni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bradley A Thuro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Heather A D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard R Dubielzig
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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22
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Roof-Wages E, Spangler T, Spangler WL, Siedlecki CT. Histology and Clinical Outcome of Benign and Malignant Vascular Lesions Primary to Feline Cervical Lymph Nodes. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:331-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985814537528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel form of primary feline hemangiosarcoma and additional cases of plexiform vascularization in the cervical lymph nodes are reported. Sixteen cases of feline lymphadenopathy attributed to abnormal vascular proliferation were identified and evaluated. Most of these lesions were diagnosed histologically as hemangiosarcoma. However, lesions of plexiform vascularization, with and without areas of putative malignant transformation, were also identified. Mean age of the cats was 11 years (range, 3–16 years) with most being domestic shorthair and medium hair (13). Two domestic long hair and 1 Maine Coon were identified. Excisional nodal biopsy was performed in 15 cases and incisional biopsy in 1 case. Six cats were euthanized due to their disease. Survival times ranged from ≤1 month to ≥30 months. We provide a new clinical differential for cervical lymphadenopathy in cats that is not widely recognized. Proper identification of primary nodal vascular lesions in cats will enable further characterization of clinical features and biologic behavior to determine specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Roof-Wages
- Veterinary Specialists of North Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T. Spangler
- VDxVeterinary Pathology Services, Davis, CA, USA
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23
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Dickinson R, Bauer B, Gardhouse S, Grahn B. Intraocular sarcoma associated with a rupture lens in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 16 Suppl 1:168-72. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dickinson
- Prairie Diagnostic Services (PDS); University of Saskatchewan; 52 Campus Drive Saskatoon S7N 5B4 Saskatchewan
| | - Bianca Bauer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; 52 Campus Drive Saskatoon S7N 5B4 Saskatchewan
| | - Sara Gardhouse
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; 52 Campus Drive Saskatoon S7N 5B4 Saskatchewan
| | - Bruce Grahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; 52 Campus Drive Saskatoon S7N 5B4 Saskatchewan
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24
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Duke FD, Strong TD, Bentley E, Dubielzig RR. Feline ocular tumors following ciliary body ablation with intravitreal gentamicin. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 16 Suppl 1:188-90. [PMID: 23701585 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia D. Duke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison 2015 Linden Drive West Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Travis D. Strong
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2015 Linden Drive West Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Ellison Bentley
- Department of Surgical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin; 2015 Linden Drive West Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Richard R. Dubielzig
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison 2015 Linden Drive West Madison WI 53706 USA
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25
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Ullrich K, Casson RJ. Does anybody care that the crystalline lens never gets cancer? Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 41:812. [PMID: 23566233 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Ullrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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26
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Mowat FM, Langohr IM, Bilyk O, Koterbay A, Pierce KE, Petersen-Jones SM. Bilateral uveal metastasis of a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 15:391-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Morrison WB. Inflammation and cancer: a comparative view. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 26:18-31. [PMID: 22151229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rudolph Virchow first speculated on a relationship between inflammation and cancer more than 150 years ago. Subsequently, chronic inflammation and associated reactive free radical overload and some types of bacterial, viral, and parasite infections that cause inflammation were recognized as important risk factors for cancer development and account for one in four of all human cancers worldwide. Even viruses that do not directly cause inflammation can cause cancer when they act in conjunction with proinflammatory cofactors or when they initiate or promote cancer via the same signaling pathways utilized in inflammation. Whatever its origin, inflammation in the tumor microenvironment has many cancer-promoting effects and aids in the proliferation and survival of malignant cells and promotes angiogenesis and metastasis. Mediators of inflammation such as cytokines, free radicals, prostaglandins, and growth factors can induce DNA damage in tumor suppressor genes and post-translational modifications of proteins involved in essential cellular processes including apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle checkpoints that can lead to initiation and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace B Morrison
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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28
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Kershaw O, Linek J, Linke RP, Gruber AD. Intraocular ALλ amyloidoma with plasma cell neoplasia in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14 Suppl 1:88-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Cats with glaucoma typically present late in the course of disease. It is likely that glaucoma in cats is under-diagnosed due to its insidious onset and gradual progression, as well as limitations of some commonly used tonometers in this species. Treatment of glaucoma in feline patients presents a clinical challenge, particularly as glaucoma is often secondary to other disease processes in cats. In this review, we consider the clinical features, pathophysiology, and classification of the feline glaucomas and provide current evidence to direct selection of appropriate treatment strategies for feline glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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30
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Abstract
The ocular surface is continuously exposed to environmental agents such as allergens, pollutants, and microorganisms, which could provoke inflammation. However, an array of anatomical, physiological, and immunological features of the ocular surface conspire to limit corneal inflammation and endow the eye with immune privilege. A remarkable example of ocular immune privilege is the success of corneal allografts, which unlike all other forms of organ transplantation, survive without the use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs or MHC matching. This review describes the anatomical, physiological, and dynamic immunoregulatory processes that contribute to immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Y Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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31
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Perlmann E, Rodarte-Almeida A, Albuquerque L, Safatle A, Pigatto J, Barros P. Feline intraocular sarcoma associated with phthisis bulbi. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of feline intraocular sarcoma were reported in stray cats that presented blindness and hypotonia of the affected eye for years before the tumor development. Phthisis bulbi, a final stage of a severe inflammation of the eye, is frequently unmonitored because eyes are blind, small, opaque, and not painful. Yet, this report shows that monitoring and early enucleation of eyes of cats with phthisis bulbi are important and should be considered as a treatment option, because feline intraocular sarcoma is an aggressive tumor that significantly decreases live expectancy.
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32
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Woodward KN. Origins of injection-site sarcomas in cats: the possible role of chronic inflammation-a review. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2011; 2011:210982. [PMID: 23738095 PMCID: PMC3658838 DOI: 10.5402/2011/210982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Woodward
- Technology Sciences (Europe) Limited, Concordia House, St James Business Park, Grimbald Crag Court, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, HG5 8QB, UK
- Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Breakspear Road South, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB9 6LS, UK
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33
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Haddad JL, Goldschmidt MH, Patel RT. Fibrosarcoma arising at the site of a retained surgical sponge in a cat. Vet Clin Pathol 2010; 39:241-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Abstract
The notion that the immune system might control the growth of tumors was suggested over 100 years ago by the eminent microbiologist Paul Ehrlich. This concept was refined and expanded by Burnet and Thomas 50 years later with their articulation of the "immune surveillance" hypothesis. In its simplest form, the immune surveillance hypothesis suggests that neoplasms arise spontaneously and express novel antigens that are recognized by the immune system, which either eliminates the tumors or restrains their growth. Within the eye, immune responses are controlled and sometimes profoundly inhibited - a condition known as immune privilege. Immune privilege in the eye is the result of a complex array of anatomical, physiological, and immunoregulatory mechanisms that prevent the induction and expression of many immune responses. Tumors arising in the eye would seem to have an advantage in evading immune surveillance due to ocular immune privilege. Uveal melanoma, the most common and malignant intraocular tumor in adults, not only benefits from the immune privilege of the eye but also has adopted many of the mechanisms that contribute to ocular immune privilege as a strategy for protecting uveal melanoma cells once they leave the sanctuary of the eye and are disseminated systemically in the form of metastases. Although the immune system possesses a battery of effector mechanisms designed to rid the body of neoplasms, tumors are capable of rapidly evolving and countering even the most sophisticated immunological effector mechanisms. To date, tumors seem to be winning this arms race, but an increased understanding of these mechanisms should provide insights for designing immunotherapy that was envisioned over half a century ago, but has failed to materialize to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Y Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA.
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36
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McPherson L, Newman SJ, McLean N, McCain S, Vemulapalli R, Kania S, Dubielzig RR. Intraocular Sarcomas in Two Rabbits. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:547-51. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular neoplasms are described in 2 adult rabbits. The left globe of an 8-year-old male rabbit was enucleated after chronic inflammatory disease resulted in a nonvisual eye. The left globe of a 5-year-old female rabbit also was enucleated after a history of lens-induced uveitis, cataract formation, and resultant glaucoma. In both rabbits, histopathology revealed a variably pleomorphic, poorly differentiated, invasive, intraocular spindle cell neoplasm closely associated with lens and lens capsular fragments. Gram stains failed to detect bacterial organisms or Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Polymerase chain reaction assays, used to amplify the 16S RNA gene of numerous bacteria and E. cuniculi, were also negative. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated strong, diffuse expression for vimentin; however, staining for smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin, S100, and desmin were negative. Long-standing intraocular inflammation and/or traumatic insults to the eyes were considered as causes of these neoplasms. The histologic features of these intraocular neoplasms closely resemble post-traumatic ocular sarcomas in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ramesh Vemulapalli
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN; the Molecular Diagnostics Section, Purdue Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Richard R. Dubielzig
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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37
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Grahn BH, Peiffer RL, Cullen CL, Haines DM. Classification of feline intraocular neoplasms based on morphology, histochemical staining, and immunohistochemical labeling. Vet Ophthalmol 2006; 9:395-403. [PMID: 17076872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of well-differentiated and anaplastic intraocular neoplasms of cats, and to develop a diagnostic algorithm for, and investigate the association of ruptured lenses with these neoplasms. Seventy-five feline globes with intraocular neoplasms were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined by light microscopy. Morphologic diagnoses included 33 intraocular sarcomas, 17 diffuse iris melanomas, 15 lymphosarcomas, three ciliary adenomas, one metastatic carcinoma, and six undifferentiated intraocular neoplasms. Sections of these globes were then stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and immunohistochemical (IHC) labels for various cellular markers. Histochemical staining and IHC labeling confirmed cellular differentiation in 73/75 neoplasms but was discordant with morphologic diagnoses in 8/75. These included four neoplasms morphologically diagnosed as lymphosarcomas but which expressed differentiation antigens consistent with melanoma (n = 3) or ciliary adenocarcinoma (n = 1), and four tumors morphologically diagnosed as intraocular sarcomas that expressed differentiation antigens for melanoma (n = 2), metastatic carcinoma (n = 1), or remained undifferentiated (n = 1). Immunohistochemical labeling suggested a diagnosis in 5/6 morphologically undifferentiated neoplasms including one intraocular sarcoma, two diffuse iridal melanomas, and two ciliary adenocarcinomas. Based upon morphologic, histochemical, and IHC characterization, ruptured lens capsules were detected in 28/30 intraocular sarcomas, 3/24 diffuse iris melanomas and 1/11 lymphosarcomas, but not in ciliary epithelial neoplasms, metastatic carcinomas, or undifferentiated intraocular neoplasms. An algorithm is provided that facilitates stain and IHC label selection for differentiating anaplastic intraocular feline neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Grahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western Colleg of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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38
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Richards JR, Elston TH, Ford RB, Gaskell RM, Hartmann K, Hurley KF, Lappin MR, Levy JK, Rodan I, Scherk M, Schultz RD, Sparkes AH. The 2006 American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel Report. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 229:1405-41. [PMID: 17078805 DOI: 10.2460/javma.229.9.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is a medical procedure, and the decision to vaccinate should be based on a risk-based assessment for each cat and each vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Richards
- Cornell Feline Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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39
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Dennis MM, Bennett N, Ehrhart EJ. Gastric adenocarcinoma and chronic gastritis in two related Persian cats. Vet Pathol 2006; 43:358-62. [PMID: 16672584 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-3-358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two 12.5-year-old castrated male Persian cats from the same household, whose dams were littermates, presented simultaneously with gastric adenocarcinoma associated with proliferative and fibrosing gastritis. Intralesional adult Ollulanus tricuspis nematodes and rare surface-associated spiral-shaped bacteria were identified in one cat. No etiologic agents were identified in tissues from the second cat; however, gastric mucosa was examined following anthelmintic treatment. Clinical signs in each cat had commenced 2 months apart and included vomiting, hematemesis, intermittent melena, and weight loss. This is the first report of gastric adenocarcinoma occurring in housemate cats or cats of common descent. Carcinogenesis may have been influenced by shared undetermined genetic and environmental factors, possibly including Ollulanus tricuspis, spiral-shaped bacteria, or other etiologies for chronic gastritis that remain unidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dennis
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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40
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Carter RT, Giudice C, Dubielzig RR, Colitz CMH. Telomerase activity with concurrent loss of cell cycle regulation in feline post-traumatic ocular sarcomas. J Comp Pathol 2005; 133:235-45. [PMID: 16154137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraffin wax-embedded ocular globes of cats with post-traumatic ocular sarcomas were examined for the presence of TERT, the active subunit of telomerase. The latter is a ribonucleoprotein complex essential for immortalization and expressed by most malignant tumours, germ line cells, lens epithelial cells, and some stem cells. Due to the frequent loss of cell cycle control with the increased expression of telomerase activity, post-traumatic ocular sarcomas were also examined for loss of p16 expression and alterations in p53, the findings being related to mitotic score, tumour grade, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. These sarcomas expressed telomerase at a high frequency (62.5%); in addition, the majority showed alterations in cell cycle control, as evaluated by lack of p16 immunolabelling (66.7%). Alterations in p53 were the sole mechanism by which cell cycle control was dysregulated in only two tumours expressing TERT (13%). These findings suggest that p16, and not p53, represents the primary mechanism by which post-traumatic ocular sarcomas that express telomerase activity escape cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Carter
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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42
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Abstract
The lens is the second most powerful structure for refraction in the eye, and is important in the fine-focusing ability in individual species. Specific disorders of the feline lens are frequent in clinical practice and include: congenital anomalies, nuclear sclerosis, cataracts, lens subluxations and luxations, intraocular sarcomas, and anterior lens displacement associated with aqueous misdirection glaucoma. Clinical signs and current therapeutic options are discussed for the general practitioner. A close working relationship with the regional veterinary ophthalmologist is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Sapienza
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists, 163 South Service Road, Plainview, New York 11803, USA.
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43
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Cohen M, Sartin EA, Whitley EM, Whitley RD, Smith AN, Brawner WR, Henderson R, Behrend EN. Ocular metastasis of a vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat. Vet Comp Oncol 2003; 1:232-40. [PMID: 19379185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5810.2003.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old, neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a recurrent vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma. The cat had three excisions of the tumour prior to presentation and was referred for radiation therapy. Ten months following treatment with radiation therapy, the cat was presented again for a cloudy appearance to the eye. An exenteration was performed, and biopsy revealed fibrosarcoma. At the same time, two discrete pulmonary nodules were identified on thoracic radiographs. Two doses of doxorubicin (20 mg/m(2)) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m(2)) were administered intravenously 3 weeks apart. Despite treatment, the pulmonary nodule doubled in size. This case represents the first antemortem report of ocular metastasis of a vaccine-associated sarcoma and supports the highly aggressive nature of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cohen
- Comparative Oncology Program, Animal Cancer Treatment Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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