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Lo Giudice A, Porcellato I, Pellegrini M, Rottenberg S, He C, Dentini A, Moretti G, Cagiola M, Mechelli L, Chiaradia E, Brachelente C. Establishment of Primary Cell Cultures from Canine Oral Melanomas via Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Novel Tool for Tumorigenesis and Cancer Progression Studies. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1948. [PMID: 38998060 PMCID: PMC11240394 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral melanomas are the most common oral malignancies in dogs and are characterized by an aggressive nature, invasiveness, and poor prognosis. With biological and genetic similarities to human oral melanomas, they serve as a valuable spontaneous comparative model. Primary cell cultures are widely used in human medicine and, more recently, in veterinary medicine to study tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and innovative therapeutic approaches. This study aims to establish two- and three-dimensional primary cell lines from oral canine melanomas using fine-needle aspiration as a minimally invasive sampling method. For this study, samples were collected from six dogs, represented by four primary oral melanomas and five lymph nodal metastases. The cells were digested to obtain single-cell suspensions, seeded in flasks, or processed with Matrigel® to form organoids. The cell cultures were characterized through flow cytometry using antibodies against Melan-A, PNL2, and Sox-10. This technique offers a minimally invasive means to obtain cell samples, particularly beneficial for patients that are ineligible for surgical procedures, and enables the establishment of in vitro models crucial for comparative studies in mucosal melanoma oncology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work establishing neoplastic primary cell cultures via fine-needle aspiration in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lo Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.G.); (G.M.); (L.M.); (E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.G.); (G.M.); (L.M.); (E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Martina Pellegrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Chang He
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Alfredo Dentini
- Clinica Veterinaria Tyrus, Strada delle Campore 30L, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Giulia Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.G.); (G.M.); (L.M.); (E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Monica Cagiola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.G.); (G.M.); (L.M.); (E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.G.); (G.M.); (L.M.); (E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.L.G.); (G.M.); (L.M.); (E.C.); (C.B.)
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Pérez-Santana CG, Jiménez-Alonso AA, Rodríguez-Esparragón F, Cazorla-Rivero S, Rodríguez Grau-Bassas E. Canine Oral Melanoma: Questioning the Existing Information through a Series of Clinical Cases. Vet Sci 2024; 11:226. [PMID: 38787198 PMCID: PMC11125799 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Twelve dogs with oral malignant melanomas (MM) were evaluated in this study, with demographic details indicating a balanced distribution of gender, age, and weight among various breeds. Tumor locations varied, with diverse surgical procedures being performed, including mandibulectomies and maxillectomies. Lymphadenectomies were conducted, revealing a 16.66% metastatic rate in regional lymph nodes. At the time of surgery, clinical staging identified stages I, II, and III, with most cases having non-infiltrated margins and a high mitotic index. Follow-up revealed local recurrences and metastases, prompting additional surgeries and affecting survival rates. This study reports varying outcomes, with some dogs completing one year without recurrence, while others experienced progressive disease, leading to six oral melanoma-related deaths. The characteristics of melanotic melanoma and amelanotic melanoma are observed in order to study differences between them, the degree of aggressiveness, the mortality rate and the possibility of future therapeutic targets. Although high pigmentation has been correlated with a better outcome, we could not find any significant correlation between survival and achromia. Oral benign melanomas might exist, and this could justify variabilities between stage and survival; however, carefulness is required due to their unpredictable behavior. The findings underscore the complexity of oral melanoma cases and highlight the need for further research on effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen G. Pérez-Santana
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas, 35400 Las Palmas, Spain; (A.A.J.-A.); (E.R.G.-B.)
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (S.C.-R.)
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ana A. Jiménez-Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas, 35400 Las Palmas, Spain; (A.A.J.-A.); (E.R.G.-B.)
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (S.C.-R.)
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (S.C.-R.)
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Sara Cazorla-Rivero
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (S.C.-R.)
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez Grau-Bassas
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas, 35400 Las Palmas, Spain; (A.A.J.-A.); (E.R.G.-B.)
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010 Las Palmas, Spain; (F.R.-E.); (S.C.-R.)
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3
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Contel IJ, Fonseca-Alves CE, Ferrari HF, Laufer-Amorim R, Xavier-Júnior JCC. Review of the comparative pathological and immunohistochemical features of human and canine cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms. J Comp Pathol 2024; 211:26-35. [PMID: 38761560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Melanocytic neoplasms originate from melanocytes and melanoma, the malignant form, is a common canine neoplasm and the most aggressive human skin cancer. Despite many similarities between these neoplasms in both species, only a limited number of studies have approached these entities in a comparative manner. Therefore, this review compares benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and humans, exclusively those arising in the haired skin, with regard to their clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects. Shared features include spontaneous occurrence, macroscopic features and microscopic findings when comparing human skin melanoma in the advanced/invasive stage and canine cutaneous melanoma, immunohistochemical markers and several histopathological prognostic factors. Differences include the apparent absence of active mutations in the BRAF gene in canine cutaneous melanoma and less aggressive clinical behaviour in dogs than in humans. Further studies are required to elucidate the aetiology and genetic development pathways of canine cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms. Evaluation of the applicability of histopathological prognostic parameters commonly used in humans for dogs are also needed. The similarities between the species and the recent findings regarding genetic mutations in canine cutaneous melanomas suggest the potential utility of dogs as a natural model for human melanomas that are not related to ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabeli J Contel
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Av. Prof. Mário R. Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Campus Botucatu, 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University, Rua Luiz Levorato, 140, Jardim Marabá, 17048-290, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor F Ferrari
- University Center of Adamantina, Rua Nove de Julho, 730, Centro, 17800-057, Adamantina, SP, Brazil
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - José C C Xavier-Júnior
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Av. Prof. Mário R. Guimarães Montenegro, s/n, Campus Botucatu, 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Salesian Catholic University Center Auxilium, Medical School, Rod. Sen. Teotônio Vilela, 3821, Jardim Alvorada, 16016-500, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Diagnosis and Prognosis of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040175. [PMID: 35448673 PMCID: PMC9030435 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine melanocytic neoplasms have a highly variable biological behavior ranging from benign cutaneous melanocytomas to malignant oral melanomas that readily metastasize to lymph nodes and internal organs. This review focuses on the diagnosis and prognosis of canine melanocytic neoplasms. While pigmented melanocytic neoplasms can be diagnosed with fine-needle aspirates, an accurate prognosis requires surgical biopsy. However, differentiating amelanotic spindloid melanomas from soft tissue sarcomas is challenging and often requires immunohistochemical labeling with a diagnostic cocktail that contains antibodies against Melan-A, PNL-2, TRP-1, and TRP-2 as the current gold standard. For questionable cases, RNA expression analysis for TYR, CD34, and CALD can further differentiate these two entities. The diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas will be aided by submitting overlying and/or lateral flanking epithelium to identify junctional activity. Wide excision of lateral flanking epithelium is essential, as lentiginous spread is common for malignant mucosal melanomas. Combining histologic features (nuclear atypia, mitotic count, degree of pigmentation, level of infiltration, vascular invasion; tumor thickness and ulceration) with the Ki67 index provides the most detailed prognostic assessment. Sentinel lymph nodes should be evaluated in cases of suspected malignant melanomas using serial sectioning of the node combined with immunohistochemical labeling for Melan-A and PNL-2.
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5
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da Silva LA, Teodoro TGW, Wouters ATB, Wouters F, Abreu DS, Neto DMGP, Negrão Watanabe TT. Metastatic Digital Chondrogenic Melanocytic Tumour in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2022; 190:13-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pinzón-Osorio CA, Ávila-Coy J, Gomez AP, Marcela Álvarez-Mira D. Rhabdoid melanoma in a harpy eagle ( Harpia harpyja). Vet Anim Sci 2021; 13:100184. [PMID: 34189340 PMCID: PMC8217705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 28-year-old male harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) with a history of anorexia, hyporexia, lethargy, and progressive weight loss was found dead and submitted for post-mortem examination. Gross findings include dark brown discolouration of testes and lungs; the testes were bilaterally enlarged, glistening brown-grey to blackish in appearance, firm, smooth, and multilobulated. The lungs contained a mass with similar features to the testicles, irregularly shaped with multiple nodules. Histology of testis showed round, polygonal and pleomorphic cells, containing melanin pigments and a typical eosinophilic vacuole in their cytoplasm and with severe pleomorphism. An immunohistochemistry panel with Melan-A, vimentin, CK AE1/AE/3, MUM-1 and CD-68 were performed, yielding a positive reaction for Melan-A and vimentin. The morphology of the tumour cells, the presence of melanin pigment and the immunoreactivity for Melan-A and vimentin by the cells led to a diagnosis of rhabdoid melanoma. This is the first case of this pathology in the testis with lung metastasis in a harpy eagle.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Pinzón-Osorio
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Jersson Ávila-Coy
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Arlen P Gomez
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Álvarez-Mira
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Poultry Research Building, Bogotá DC, Carrera 45 #26-85, Colombia
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7
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Strauss RA, Allbaugh RA, Haynes J, Ben‐Shlomo G. Primary corneal malignant melanoma in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Strauss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesandIowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ames USA
| | - R. A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesandIowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ames USA
| | - J. Haynes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ames USA
| | - G. Ben‐Shlomo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesandIowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ames USA
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8
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Schmid F, Brodesser D, Reifinger M, Forte S, Semp P, Eberspächer-Schweda MC, Wolschek M, Brandt S, Kleiter M, Pratscher B. Canine oral primary melanoma cells exhibit shift to mesenchymal phenotype and phagocytic behaviour. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:211-220. [PMID: 30719836 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is a potentially lethal cancer disease. We established primary cell lines from mostly amelanotic primary COMM and metastases and assessed lesions and derived cells for Melan A, PNL2 and CD146 expression. Then, migration and invasion of CD146-enriched vs -depleted COMM cells were analysed. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was addressed by Vimentin-staining and MMP2/MMP9 zymography. Phagocytic behaviour was analysed by histopathological examination and phagocytosis assay. While Melan A- and PNL2-staining yielded inconsistent data, 100% of COMM sections and primary cells showed CD146 expression, suggesting that this protein may serve as a prognostic marker. An overall correlation between CD146-expression and migration/invasion was not observed. All primary cell lines consistently expressed Vimentin and secreted biologically active MMP2, indicating that they had undergone EMT. Importantly, COMM sections exhibited cell-in-cell structures, and all primary cell lines exhibited phagocytic activity, supporting the concept that cell cannibalism may have a role in COMM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schmid
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Equine Surgery, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Radiooncology and Nuclear Medicine Platform, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Brodesser
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Equine Surgery, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Reproductive Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Martin Reifinger
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Forte
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Equine Surgery, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Semp
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Equine Surgery, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Radiooncology and Nuclear Medicine Platform, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Wolschek
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Equine Surgery, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,BlueSky Vaccines GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Equine Surgery, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Kleiter
- Radiooncology and Nuclear Medicine Platform, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Equine Surgery, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Internal Medicine Small Animals, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Equine Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Pet dogs are becoming increasingly recognized as a population with the potential to inform medical research through their treatment for a variety of maladies by veterinary health professionals. This is the basis of the One Health initiative, supporting the idea of collaboration between human and animal health researchers and clinicians to study spontaneous disease processes and treatment in animals to inform human health. Cancer is a major health burden in pet dogs, accounting for approximately 30% of deaths across breeds. As such, pet dogs with cancer are becoming increasingly recognized as a resource for studying the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs and therapies under development. This was recently highlighted by a National Academy of Medicine Workshop on Comparative Oncology that took place in mid-2015 (http://www.nap.edu/21830). One component of cancer burden in dogs is their significantly higher incidence of sarcomas as compared to humans. This increased incidence led to canine osteosarcoma being an important component in the development of surgical approaches for osteosarcoma in children. Included in this review of sarcomas in dogs is a description of the incidence, pathology, molecular characteristics and previous translational therapeutic studies associated with these tumors. An understanding of the patho-physiological and molecular characteristics of these naturally occurring canine sarcomas holds great promise for effective incorporation into drug development schemas, for evaluation of target modulation or other pharmacodynamic measures associated with therapeutic response. These data could serve to supplement other preclinical data and bolster clinical investigations in tumor types for which there is a paucity of human patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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10
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Abstract
Despite being rarely reported, improved diagnostic and prognostic indicators are
necessary for treating malignant melanoma in rabbits. In this study, two cases of primary
skin lesions, on the scrotum and on eyelid, with systemic metastases, were examined. The
tumors formed intra-dermally by sheet-like proliferation of polymorphic cells, with
anisocytosis and varying amount of melanin granules. Tumors had displaced almost 50% of
the lung and liver tissue, and tumor metastasis was the cause of early death in both
rabbits. Ki-67-positive population was high in both, and it was found to be useful in
assessing the outcome and malignancy. In addition, Melan-A, HMB-45, PNL2 and S100
established a useful immunohistochemical panel for the diagnosis of melanocytic tumor in
rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ueda
- Vogel Animal Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 657-0025, Japan
| | - Akiko Ueda
- Vogel Animal Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 657-0025, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Ozaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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Davies O, Spencer S, Necova S, Holmes E, Taylor A, Blackwood L, Lara-Garcia A. Intranasal melanoma treated with radiation therapy in three dogs. Vet Q 2018; 37:274-281. [PMID: 28982291 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1387828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dogs were investigated for chronic unilateral nasal discharge. In all cases CT imaging showed an intranasal mass causing turbinate lysis and no evidence of metastasis. Cytology in cases 1 (a 14-year-old neutered male crossbreed dog) and 2 (a five-year-old neutered male German Shepherd dog) demonstrated a pleomorphic cell population with variable intracellular pigment suspicious of melanocytic neoplasia. Histopathology with immunohistochemistry (Melan-A and vimentin, plus PNL-2 in one case) confirmed the diagnosis of melanoma in all dogs. All dogs were treated with megavoltage radiotherapy using linear accelerators. Cases 1 and 3 (a nine-year-old neutered female beagle dog) received a hypofractionated (4 × 8 Gy) protocol and case 2 received a definitive (12 × 4 Gy) protocol. Complete remission was demonstrated on repeat CT scan five months after diagnosis in case 1 and seven months in case 2. Stable disease was documented on CT at four months for case 3; however, clinical signs in this dog remained controlled for 10 months in total. Case 1 died of unrelated causes five months after diagnosis, case 2 was euthanased due to the development of seizures 13 months after diagnosis, and case 3 was lost to follow-up 12 months after diagnosis. Melanoma should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for primary nasal neoplasia in the dog and radiation therapy can be used as effective local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Davies
- a Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College , University of London , North Mymms , UK
| | - Sarah Spencer
- b School of Veterinary Sciences , University of Bristol , Langford , UK
| | | | - Emma Holmes
- d Department of Pathology & Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College , University of London , North Mymms , UK
| | - Angela Taylor
- a Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College , University of London , North Mymms , UK
| | - Laura Blackwood
- e Small Animal Teaching Hospital , University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus , Neston , UK
| | - Ana Lara-Garcia
- a Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College , University of London , North Mymms , UK
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12
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Yang S, Zhang G, Liu W, Wang Z, Zhang J, Yang D, Chen YE, Sun H, Li Y. SysFinder: A customized platform for search, comparison and assisted design of appropriate animal models based on systematic similarity. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:251-258. [PMID: 28529081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are increasingly gaining values by cross-comparisons of response or resistance to clinical agents used for patients. However, many disease mechanisms and drug effects generated from animal models are not transferable to human. To address these issues, we developed SysFinder (http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/SysFinder), a platform for scientists to find appropriate animal models for translational research. SysFinder offers a "topic-centered" approach for systematic comparisons of human genes, whose functions are involved in a specific scientific topic, to the corresponding homologous genes of animal models. Scientific topic can be a certain disease, drug, gene function or biological pathway. SysFinder calculates multi-level similarity indexes to evaluate the similarities between human and animal models in specified scientific topics. Meanwhile, SysFinder offers species-specific information to investigate the differences in molecular mechanisms between humans and animal models. Furthermore, SysFinder provides a user-friendly platform for determination of short guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and homology arms to design a new animal model. Case studies illustrate the ability of SysFinder in helping experimental scientists. SysFinder is a useful platform for experimental scientists to carry out their research in the human molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Wan Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Hong Sun
- Biomedical Information Research Center, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China; Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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13
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Leis ML, Salpeter ME, Bauer BS, Godson DL, Grahn BH. Primary bilateral corneal nerve sheath neoplasm in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 20:365-371. [PMID: 27352771 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A 15-year-old, neutered male, Shih Tzu cross developed progressive corneal stromal thickening and vascularization of the right eye, and 5 months later, of the left eye. Both eyes became blind due to extensive corneal opacification and were enucleated. Light microscopic examination revealed a diffuse corneal infiltrate of neoplastic mesenchymal cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse cytoplasmic vimentin immunoreactivity and variable cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for S100 in the neoplastic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed desmosomes between contiguous cells, thread-like cytoplasmic processes coated with basement membrane, extracellular bundles of collagen, and axonal degeneration consistent with features of a nerve sheath neoplasm. This is the first report of primary, bilateral corneal nerve sheath sarcoma in a canine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina L Leis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - M Elyse Salpeter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Bianca S Bauer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Dale L Godson
- Prairie Diagnostic Services, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Bruce H Grahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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14
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Zarfoss MK, Klauss G, Newkirk K, Kiupel M, Jones Y, Colitz CMH, Dubielzig RR. Uveal Spindle Cell Tumor of Blue-Eyed Dogs: An Immunohistochemical Study. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:276-84. [PMID: 17491068 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-3-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the origin of a spindle cell tumor in the anterior uveal tract of dogs and the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the development of this tumor. Thirteen tumors were identified from the 4,007 canine ocular samples examined at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin between 1978 and 2005. Siberian Husky and Siberian Husky mix dogs were overrepresented (10/13 dogs, overall median age 10 years). Light microscopic evaluation (all dogs) and electron microscopy (2 dogs) were performed. Immunohistochemical staining included alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin, S-100, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Melan A, microphthalmic transcription factor (MITF-1), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), laminin, gadd45, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), anti-UVssDNA (antibody for detection of (6–4)-dipyrimidine photoproducts), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). All tumors occurred in the iris with or without ciliary body involvement and were composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicles and whorls (variable Antoni A and B behavior). All tumors were positive when immunostained for vimentin and S-100. Nine of 13 tumors exhibited GFAP immunopositivity. All tumors were negative for SMA, desmin, Melan A, and MITF-1. Tumors were variably positive for PGP 9.5, laminin, gadd45, p53, PCNA, anti-UVssDNA, and TERT. Electron microscopy revealed intermittent basal laminae between cells. These tumors are morphologically and immunohistochemically most consistent with schwannoma. The relationship between spindle cell tumors of the anterior uvea of dogs, altered neural crest, blue iris color, and ultraviolet radiation has not yet been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Zarfoss
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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15
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Boos GS, Bassuino DM, Wurster F, Castro NB, Watanabe TT, Silva GS, Sonne L, Driemeier D. Retrospective canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors data with emphasis on histologic, immunohistochemical and prognostic factors. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015001200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: In this retrospective study was determined the frequency of canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) in cases diagnosed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brazil, between the years 2000 and 2012. The canine profiles, as well as histological, immunohistochemical and prognostic aspects of the tumors were based on 70 samples, comprising 40 females, 29 males and one unspecified sample. Between 2000 and 2012, 2,984 skin tumors of dogs were diagnosed in the SPV-UFRGS, totaling 2.34% of skin neoplasms in dogs. Animals that comprised the largest amount of samples (43%) were those with no breed (SRD), followed by German Shepherds (10%). Females were more affected than males (40/70 - 57% and 29/70 - 41% respectively). Skin PNST of this research showed predominant localization on the limbs (40% in the forelimbs and 29% in the hindlimbs); affecting adult dogs, mostly aged between 8 and 11 years (54%). The samples were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin, and were also evaluated by toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) anti-vimentin, -S-100, -GFAP, -actin, von Willebrand factor and neurofilament. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic index, intratumoral necrosis, invasion of adjacent tissues, tumor location, local recurrence and metastasis were related to the diagnosis of benign (49/70) or malignant tumor (21/70). The Antoni A histological pattern was observed more frequently in benign tumors. The immunohistochemistry helped to diagnose PNST, and anti-vimentin and anti-protein S-100 showed the highest rates of immunostaining. Throughout statistical analysis of animals with tumor recurrence, it was found that the chance of an animal with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor to develop recurrence is 4.61 times higher than in an animal that had a benign tumor.
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16
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Wang AL, Kern T. Melanocytic Ophthalmic Neoplasms of the Domestic Veterinary Species: A Review. Top Companion Anim Med 2015; 30:148-57. [PMID: 27154598 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic neoplasms in veterinary species occur in various ophthalmic locations including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, anterior and posterior uvea, and orbit. Histology usually provides the definitive diagnosis for melanocytic ocular neoplasias. The degree of tissue invasiveness and anaplastic cellular characteristics are more reliable indicators of biological behavior than is mitotic index in most ophthalmic melanocytic tumors. Melanocytic neoplasias of the eyelid are predominantly benign in canines and equines, though in felines, there is the potential for metastasis, especially if the conjunctiva is involved. Limbal melanocytic tumors are predominantly benign in all the studied species, though there is a bimodal occurrence with this tumor type in canines, where those that appear in dogs younger than 4 years tended toward active growth, whereas those that appear in dogs older than 8 years tended to progress more slowly, and may not require therapy. The most common location for melanocytic ocular neoplasias in both canines and felines is the anterior uvea. Feline diffuse iris melanoma in particular has a higher incidence of metastasis than does canine nodular anterior uveal melanocytoma. In contrast, posterior uveal melanocytic tumors are rare in both canine and feline species and are considered benign. Orbital melanoma is rare in both canine and feline species; however, it generally carries a grave prognosis owing to its malignant nature. Knowledge of the general biological behavior and its variability among locations within the eye and between species is essential in therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kern
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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17
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Abstract
Dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and tyrosinase (Tyr) are melanogenic enzymes and structurally related melanosomal proteins. The present study investigates DCT expression comparatively with Tyr, the most tested melanoma biomarker, aiming to evaluate DCT potential in the assessment of melanocytic tumors and gain insights into the molecular and pathological characterization of DCT-phenotype in tumor progression. DCT and Tyr are simultaneously analyzed in melanoma cell lines by semiquantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and N-glycan analysis, and in cell populations of melanocytic tumors by immunohistofluorescence using a novel anti-hDCT antibody against an extended sequence within DCT luminal domain. DCT, unlike Tyr, is fully processed along the secretory pathway in both pigmented and amelanotic melanoma cells. In 53 nevi and 116 primary malignant melanomas, 81% and 52%, respectively, are DCT+/Tyr+, showing that DCT is a stable antigen, retained by most tumors and partially expressed in Tyr-negative cell populations. The DCT/Tyr disjunction is a process correlated with melanocyte neoplastic transformation and malignant progression. A tumor architecture--DCT-phenotype-containing DCT+/Tyr- cell populations selected into the innermost dermis from double-positive cells is detected in 35% of DCT+/Tyr+ specimens. The DCT-phenotype is associated with enhanced neurotization in benign nevi and with ulceration in thin malignant melanomas. The intradermal DCT+/Tyr- clones in superficial melanomas acquire the expression and specific subcellular distribution of unfavorable prognostic markers. DCT assessment shows specific antigen patterns with potential significance in the outcome of melanocytic lesions, connecting DCT, a mediator of a melanoma stress-resistant pathway, and an antiapoptotic molecule to DCT- phenotypes that are possibly more stable and stress resistant.
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18
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Meyer A, Klopfleisch R. Multiple Polymerase Chain Reaction Markers for the Differentiation of Canine Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours versus Canine Fibrosarcomas. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Teixeira TF, Gentile LB, da Silva TC, Mennecier G, Chaible LM, Cogliati B, Roman MAL, Gioso MA, Dagli MLZ. Cell proliferation and expression of connexins differ in melanotic and amelanotic canine oral melanomas. Vet Res Commun 2013; 38:29-38. [PMID: 24126842 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm occurring in several animal species, and is the most frequently found tumor in the oral cavity in dogs. Melanomas are classified into two types: melanotic and amelanotic. Prior research suggests that human amelanotic melanomas are more aggressive than their melanotic counterparts. This study evaluates the behavior of canine melanotic and amelanotic oral cavity melanomas and quantifies cell proliferation and the expression of connexins. Twenty-five melanomas (16 melanotic and 9 amelanotic) were collected from dogs during clinical procedures at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. After diagnosis, dogs were followed until death or euthanasia. Histopathology confirmed the gross melanotic or amelanotic characteristics and tumors were classified according to the WHO. HMB45 or Melan A immunostainings were performed to confirm the diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was quantified both by counting mitotic figures and PCNA positive nuclei. Expressions of connexins 26 and 43 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Dogs bearing amelanotic melanomas presented a shorter lifespan in comparison to those with melanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in amelanotic melanomas. Expressions of Connexins 26 and 43 were significantly reduced in amelanotic melanomas. The results presented here suggest that oral cavity melanotic and amelanotic melanomas differ regarding their behavior, cell proliferation and connexin expression in dogs, indicating a higher aggressiveness of amelanotic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarso Felipe Teixeira
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Klopfleisch R, Meyer A, Lenze D, Hummel M, Gruber A. Canine Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours versus Fibrosarcomas can be Differentiated by Neuroectodermal Marker Genes in their Transcriptome. J Comp Pathol 2013; 148:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Rolim VM, Casagrande RA, Watanabe TT, Wouters AT, Wouters F, Sonne L, Driemeier D. Melanoma amelanótico em cães: estudo retrospectivo de 35 casos (2004-2010) e caracterização imuno-histoquímica. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas são tumores agressivos de melanócitos que ocorrem principalmente na cavidade oral, nas junções mucocutâneas e na pele de cães. Este tipo de neoplasma pode apresentar diversos graus de pigmentação melânica, incluindo total ausência (melanomas amelanóticos [MA]). Os arquivos de biópsia do SPV-UFRGS, que compreendem o período de 2004 a 2010, foram revisados e levantados os casos de neoplasias melanocíticas em cães. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo de 35 casos de MA e caracterização pela imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). As principais raças acometidas foram o Poodle, Dachshund e Cocker Spaniel, mas o maior número de casos foi observado em cães sem raça definida (SRD). A idade média desses cães foi de 10,7 anos (variação de 5 a 18 anos) e não houve predileção por sexo. As principais localizações incluíram cavidade oral (57,1%) e dígitos (17,1%). Histologicamente, 40% dos MA foram classificados como epitelioides, 34,3% como mistos e 25,7% como fusiformes. Na avaliação IHQ, 86,6% dos casos foram positivos para a vimentina, 70% para a proteína S-100 e 56,6% para o melan-A. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho possibilitam concluir que os cães com MA caracterizavam-se por serem velhos. A forma celular mais observada foi a epitelioide. Devido a pouca diferenciação desses tumores, ressalta-se a importância da realização do painel imuno-histoquímico, sobretudo da proteína S-100, que apresentou melhor marcação que o melan-A.
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22
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Smedley RC, Spangler WL, Esplin DG, Kitchell BE, Bergman PJ, Ho HY, Bergin IL, Kiupel M. Prognostic Markers for Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms. Vet Pathol 2011; 48:54-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810390717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Smedley
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - D. G. Esplin
- Animal Reference Pathology Division, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - B. E. Kitchell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - H.-Y. Ho
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - I. L. Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Smedley RC, Lamoureux J, Sledge DG, Kiupel M. Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Canine Oral Amelanotic Melanocytic Neoplasms. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:32-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810387447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Smedley
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - J. Lamoureux
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - D. G. Sledge
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - M. Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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24
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Ramos-Vara JA, Miller MA. Immunohistochemical Identification of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms With Antibodies to Melanocytic Antigen PNL2 and Tyrosinase. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:443-50. [PMID: 20858741 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810382095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immunoreactivity of PNL2 and antityrosinase in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine melanocytic neoplasms ( n = 101) was compared with that of Melan A. Of the 113 samples overall, 106 were positive for PNL2, 101 for Melan A, and 90 for tyrosinase. Six melanomas that were positive for PNL2 were negative for Melan A; 1 melanoma that was negative for PNL2 was positive for Melan A. Eighty tumors were positive for all 3 markers; 111 reacted with at least 1 the 3 antibodies. Decalcification with formic acid for up to 1 week did not affect immunoreactivity of any of the markers; however, decalcification with HCl for 1 day or 1 week notably decreased or completely abrogated immunoreactivity for Melan A and PNL2. There was only minor loss of immunoreactivity for tyrosinase in tissues decalcified with HCl for 1 week. Prolonged fixation (up to 2 months) did not affect PNL2 or tyrosinase immunoreactivity; however, Melan A immunoreactivity was reduced after 1 month of fixation. PNL2 was not expressed in 120 nonmelanocytic tumors (carcinomas, sarcomas, steroid-producing tumors, and leukocytic tumors). In summary, antibody PNL2 is slightly more sensitive than Melan A and more sensitive than tyrosinase in the identification of canine melanocytic neoplasms. Furthermore, PNL2 does not appear to cross-react with nonmelanocytic neoplasms. PNL2 is resistant to prolonged fixation but sensitive to strong decalcification. Results indicate that PNL2 is an excellent marker in the identification of canine melanomas and that the sensitivity is close to 100% when used in conjunction with Melan A and tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Ramos-Vara
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M. A. Miller
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Giudice C, Ceciliani F, Rondena M, Stefanello D, Grieco V. Immunohistochemical Investigation of PNL2 Reactivity of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms and Comparison with Melan A. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:389-94. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rondena
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Kent MS, Collins CJ, Ye F. Activation of the AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways and the inhibitory effects of rapamycin on those pathways in canine malignant melanoma cell lines. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:263-9. [PMID: 19231960 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the activation of the AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and assess the inhibitory effects of rapamycin on those pathways in canine malignant melanoma cells. SAMPLE POPULATION 3 established primary canine melanoma cell lines generated from naturally occurring tumors. PROCEDURES Expressions of total and phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K) in canine melanoma cells that were or were not exposed to 10nM rapamycin were assessed via western blot analysis. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the surviving fraction of melanoma cells after exposure to 0.1, 1, 10, or 100nM rapamycin. RESULTS Expressions of total and phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, and p70S6K proteins were detected (ie, the AKT and mTOR pathways were activated) in all 3 cell lines. Rapamycin treatment resulted in decreases in phosphorylated mTOR expression and phosphorylated p70S6K expression but no change in phosphorylated AKT expression. Expression of total AKT, mTOR, and p70S6K persisted after rapamycin treatment. There was a significant dose-dependent decrease in surviving tumor cell fraction for each cell line following treatment with rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data indicated that AKT and mTOR, as well as their downstream product p70S6K, are present and active in canine melanoma cells. Activation of the mTOR pathway can be inhibited by rapamycin; treatment of melanoma cells with rapamycin decreased the surviving tumor cell fraction. Use of mTOR inhibitors as antineoplastic treatments in dogs with melanoma warrants investigation. Furthermore, these data support the use of canine melanoma cells as a molecular model for melanoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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27
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Kisseberth WC, Nadella MVP, Breen M, Thomas R, Duke SE, Murahari S, Kosarek CE, Vernau W, Avery AC, Burkhard MJ, Rosol TJ. A novel canine lymphoma cell line: a translational and comparative model for lymphoma research. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1709-20. [PMID: 17532464 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel canine lymphoma cell line, OSW, was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a dog with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The immunoprofile as determined by flow cytometry was as follows: positive for CD45, CD49d, CD18, CD11a; weakly positive for CD11b, CD11c, CD11d; and negative for CD45RA, CD1a, CD1c, CD3, TCRalphabeta, TCRgammadelta, CD4, CD5, CD8a, CD8b, CD90(Thy1), CD21, MHCII, CD14(TUK4), CD34, and MPO. Immunocytochemistry of cytospin preparations was negative for cytoplasmic CD3, CD79a, and MPO, but was positive for CD20. The cell line had an oligoclonal T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene rearrangement. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and single locus probe (SLP) analysis showed that there were copy number increases of loci on dog chromosome 13 (CFA 13), and copy number decreases were evident for regions of CFA 11, 22, 26, 30 and 32, which include several of the more common chromosomal aberrations reported previously in canine lymphoma. The OSW cell line grows rapidly in vitro and is tumorigenic as a xenograft in SCID/NOD mice. OSW represents one of only a few reported canine lymphoma cell lines and is the most thoroughly characterized. This cell line and xenograft represent significant in vitro and in vivo models, respectively, for comparative and translational lymphoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and characterize histiocytic sarcoma (HS) first detected in the eyes of dogs using the large database at the comparative ocular pathology laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW). METHODS Cases diagnosed as HS were selected from the COPLOW database. Slides were reviewed to describe the cellular morphology, localize the tumor within the globe, record the tumor distribution and measure the size of the tumor. Further sections were taken to perform immunohistochemistry for Melan-A, CD18 and S-100, and for ferric iron staining. The following clinical information was recorded: breed, age, gender, laterality, clinical signs upon presentation and follow-up information obtained by response to a mailed survey and phone contact. RESULTS Twenty-six cases were confirmed as being HS according to the immunohistochemical results (CD18 positive and Melan-A negative). The most prevalent breed was Rottweiler (eight cases), followed by Retriever breeds (seven Golden Retrievers and five Labrador Retrievers). The mean age was 8.61 +/- 2.43 years. There were three intact male, eight castrated male, one intact female and 14 spayed female dogs. In 15 dogs there were no concurrent systemic clinical signs at the time of diagnosis. Sixteen of 19 dogs with follow-up information available died as a result of causes related to the tumor, although only three of them received a necropsy. Survival time varied between 5 days and 6 months after enucleation. Three of the dogs were alive at the time the information was gathered. Mean tumor surface was 0.613 +/- 0.38 cm(2). S-100 was diffusely positive in 10 cases, isolated positive cells were found in 11 cases and five cases were completely negative. Seven of the cases were positive for ferric iron. CONCLUSIONS Histiocytic sarcoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with intraocular masses, especially in Rottweilers and Retriever breeds. Because it carries poor prognosis, it must be distinguished from melanoma. A good discriminator for this purpose in paraffin-embedded tissues is finding CD18-positive cells and no reactivity against Melan-A. S-100 and ferric iron staining does not seem to be useful. Ocular HS is considered to be a manifestation of a systemic disease even when the disease is first recognized in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Naranjo
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Melanoma is the most common oral malignancy in the dog. Oral and/or mucosal melanoma has been routinely considered an extremely malignant tumor with a high degree of local invasiveness and high metastatic propensity. Primary tumor size has been found to be extremely prognostic. The World Health Organization staging scheme for dogs with oral melanoma is based on size, with stage I = <2-cm-diameter tumor, stage II = 2- to <4-cm-diameter tumor, stage III = > or = 4cm tumor and/or lymph node metastasis, and stage IV = distant metastasis. Median survival times for dogs with oral melanoma treated with surgery are approximately 17 to 18, 5 to 6, and 3 months with stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. Significant negative prognostic factors include stage, size, evidence of metastasis, and a variety of histologic criteria. Standardized treatments such as surgery, coarse-fractionation radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have afforded minimal to modest stage-dependent clinical benefits and death is usually due to systemic metastasis. Numerous immunotherapeutic strategies have been employed to date with limited clinical efficacy; however, the use of xenogeneic DNA vaccines may represent a leap forward in clinical efficacy. Oral melanoma is a spontaneous syngeneic cancer occurring in outbred, immunocompetent dogs and appears to be a more clinically faithful therapeutic model for human melanoma; further use of canine melanoma as a therapeutic model for human melanoma is strongly encouraged. In addition, the development of an expanded but clinically relevant staging system incorporating the aforementioned prognostic factors is also strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Donaldson-Atwood Cancer Clinic and Flaherty Comparative Oncology Laboratory, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Yamate J, Izawa T, Ogata K, Kobayashi O, Okajima R, Kuwamura M, Kotani T, Aoki M. Olfactory neuroblastoma in a horse. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 68:495-8. [PMID: 16757894 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old thoroughbred gelding was euthanatized because of right nasal cavity tumor. The tumor consisted of round to oval cells with a scanty cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei. Homer-Wright rosettes and pseudorosettes, as well as microcysts were seen. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to vimentin, S-100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein and microtube-associated protein in varying degrees, indicating neurogenic nature. Based on these findings, this tumor was diagnosed as an olfactory neuroblastoma. Since this type is an uncommon tumor showing histological variety, the nature is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoji Yamate
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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