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Nishiura H, Nakajima T, Saito S, Kato A, Hatai H, Ochiai K. Assessing avian leukosis virus proviral load and lesion correlates in fowl glioma-inducing virus-infected Japanese bantam chickens. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:484-491. [PMID: 37452573 PMCID: PMC10467450 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231186954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fowl glioma-inducing virus prototype (FGVp) and its variants, which belong to avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A), induce cardiomyocyte abnormalities and gliomas in chickens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these myocardial changes remain unclear, and ALV-induced tumorigenesis, which is caused by proviral insertional mutagenesis, does not explain the early development of cardiac changes in infected chickens. We established a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to measure ALV-A proviral loads in the brains and hearts of FGV-infected Japanese bantam chickens and compared these results with morphologic lesions. Four of 22 bantams had both gliomas and cardiac lesions. Hearts with cardiac lesions had a higher proviral load (10.3 ± 2.7 proviral copies/nucleus) than those without cardiac lesions (0.4 ± 0.4), suggesting that the proviral load in hearts is correlated with the frequency of myocardial changes. Our qPCR method may be useful in the study of ALV-induced cardiomyocyte abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Nishiura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoe Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shun Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Azusa Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hatai
- Farm Animal Clinical Skills and Disease Control Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenji Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Fiddes KR, Williams SM, Sellers H, Thomas I, LaDouceur EEB. Presumed Spontaneous Astrocytoma in a Domestic Backyard Chicken. Avian Dis 2023; 67:209-211. [PMID: 37556301 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A cerebral tumor was identified in an adult female domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). On gross examination, the cut surface of the cerebrum revealed a poorly circumscribed, pale tan soft mass within the thalamus and midbrain. On histologic examination, there was an unencapsulated, multilobulated neoplasm composed of spindle cells on a loose fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells had variably distinct cell borders, abundant fibrillar eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval nuclei with finely stippled chromatin, and 1-2 distinct nucleoli. There was moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis with <1 mitoses per 2.37 mm2. The morphologic features of the neoplastic cells were consistent with an astrocytic neoplasm. PCR was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of brain tissue, which was negative for subgroup A avian leukosis virus. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a presumed spontaneous astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Sellers
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ivy Thomas
- North Central Animal Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85021
| | - Elise E B LaDouceur
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Zoetis Reference Laboratories, Louisville, KY 40213
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Taggers A, Kelly-Bosma M, Mastakov A, Allavena R, Doneley RJT. Cerebellar Hypoplasia in Two Juvenile African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:308-315. [DOI: 10.1647/21-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Böhm B, Bilic I, Brüggemann J, Nishiura H, Ochiai K. Clinically Manifesting, Naturally Occurring Fowl Glioma in a Leghorn Chicken in Germany. Avian Dis 2022; 66:119-123. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-21-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Böhm
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Senator-Gerauer-Straße 23, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Brüggemann
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Senator-Gerauer-Straße 23, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - Hayate Nishiura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Nishiura H, Kubota I, Kondo Y, Kachi M, Hatai H, Sasaki J, Goryo M, Ochiai K. Neuropathogenicity of newly isolated avian leukosis viruses from chickens with osteopetrosis and mesenchymal neoplasms. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:440-447. [PMID: 32301629 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1757621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The prototype fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGVp) causes fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia in chickens. In this study, we investigated whether a strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV), associated with avian osteopetrosis and mesenchymal neoplasms, is able to induce fowl glioma. We encountered avian osteopetrosis and mesenchymal neoplasms, including myxosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, in Japanese native chickens used for both egg-laying and meat production. These birds were also affected by non-suppurative encephalitis and glioma in their brains. Four ALV strains (GifN_001, GifN_002, GifN_004, GifN_005) were isolated, and a phylogenic analysis of envSU showed that these isolates were classified into different clusters from FGVp and the variants previously reported. Whereas the envSU shared a high identity (94.7%) with that of Rous sarcoma virus (strain Schmidt-Ruppin B) (RSV-SRB), the identity between envTM of GifN_001 and that of FGVp was high (94.5%), indicating that GifN_strains may emerge by recombination between FGVp and other exogenous ALVs. Specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated in ovo with GifN_001 revealed fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia. These results suggest that the newly isolated strains have acquired neuropathogenicity to chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Nishiura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kubota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yui Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Hatai
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Goryo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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Nakamura S, Ochiai K, Yabushita H, Abe A. Congenital cerebellar dysplasia in White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Avian Pathol 2014; 43:135-8. [PMID: 24498885 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.889277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cerebellar anomalies have been rarely reported in birds. We examined cerebellums with disorganized folia from seven specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Islands of heterotopic cortex were distributed from the deeper cortices to the medulla in the cerebellum. The characteristic lesions were composed of randomly admixed components of the cerebellar cortex, including Purkinje cells, a molecular layer and granular cells. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed Purkinje cells with haphazardly extended dendrites and a lack of Bergmann's glial fibres in the foci. Chicken parvovirus, Aino virus and avian retrovirus were not detected in the affected birds by polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of cerebellar dysplasia in chickens possibly caused by a genetic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Nakamura
- a Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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Zavala G, Cheng S, Barbosa T. Natural infection and transmission of a retrovirus closely related to myeloblastosis-associated virus type 1 in egg-type chickens. Avian Dis 2012; 56:7-14. [PMID: 22545523 DOI: 10.1637/9755-040811-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Myeloblastosis-associated virus type 1 (MAV-1) is an exogenous avian retrovirus with oncogenic potential. MAV-1 was detected in young chicks hatching from eggs produced by an experimental genetic line of egg-type chickens. Transmissibility of MAV-1 had not been documented previously. This investigation was intended to partially characterize the virus involved and to study its transmissibility and oncogenicity in naturally and contact-infected chickens. Commercially produced white and brown layer pullets free of exogenous avian leukosis viruses were commingled at hatch with naturally MAV-1-infected chickens. The original MAV-1-infected chickens were discarded after approximately 8 wk, and the contact-exposed chickens were maintained in isolation for 36 wk. Young specific-pathogen-free (SPF) single comb white leghorn chickens were added to the group to study possible horizontal transmission of MAV-1 in young chickens. Upon weekly virus isolation attempts, MAV-1 was readily isolated from the contact-exposed white layers but not from the brown layers between 36 and 53 wk of age (18 wk in total). Three-week-old SPF chickens were readily infected with MAV-1 by contact as early as 1 wk postexposure. Throughout 22 hatches derived from the white and brown MAV-1-contact-exposed layers (between 36 and 53 wk of age), MAV-1 was frequently detected in the white layer progeny, whereas the virus was seldom isolated from the progeny produced by the brown layers during the same 18-wk period. MAV-1 induced a persistent infection in some of the SPF chickens that were exposed by contact at 3 wk of age. Gross tumors were not detected in any of the originally infected experimental chickens at 8 wk of age, in the contact-exposed brown or white layers at the termination of the study at 53 wks of age, or in the contact-exposed SPF chickens at the end of the study at 12 wk of age. Exogenous avian leukosis-related viruses may still be detected in egg-type chickens, emphasizing the importance of thorough screening before incorporation of experimental genetic material into commercial genetic lines of egg-type chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Zavala
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4875, USA.
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Armién AG, McRuer DL, Ruder MG, Wünschmann A. Purkinje Cell Heterotopy With Cerebellar Hypoplasia in Two Free-Living American Kestrels (Falco sparverius). Vet Pathol 2012; 50:182-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985812442690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two wild fledgling kestrels exhibited lack of motor coordination, postural reaction deficits, and abnormal propioception. At necropsy, the cerebellum and brainstem were markedly underdeveloped. Microscopically, there was Purkinje cells heterotopy, abnormal circuitry, and hypoplasia with defective foliation. Heterotopic neurons were identified as immature Purkinje cells by their size, location, immunoreactivity for calbindin D-28 K, and ultrastructural features. The authors suggest that this cerebellar abnormality was likely due to a disruption of molecular mechanisms that dictate Purkinje cell migration, placement, and maturation in early embryonic development. The etiology of this condition remains undetermined. Congenital central nervous system disorders have rarely been reported in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Armién
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - D. L. McRuer
- Wildlife Center of Virginia, Waynesboro, Virginia, USA
| | - M. G. Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - A. Wünschmann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Ochi A, Ochiai K, Nakamura S, Kobara A, Sunden Y, Umemura T. Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of an Avian Leukosis Virus Isolated from Avian Neurofibrosarcoma. Avian Dis 2012; 56:35-43. [DOI: 10.1637/9830-060711-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kofman A, Marcinkiewicz L, Dupart E, Lyshchev A, Martynov B, Ryndin A, Kotelevskaya E, Brown J, Schiff D, Abounader R. The roles of viruses in brain tumor initiation and oncomodulation. J Neurooncol 2011; 105:451-66. [PMID: 21720806 PMCID: PMC3278219 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
While some avian retroviruses have been shown to induce gliomas in animal models, human herpesviruses, specifically, the most extensively studied cytomegalovirus, and the much less studied roseolovirus HHV-6, and Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, currently attract more and more attention as possible contributing or initiating factors in the development of human brain tumors. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the most provoking findings indicating a potential causative link between brain tumors, specifically malignant gliomas, and viruses in the context of the concepts of viral oncomodulation and the tumor stem cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kofman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lucasz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Evan Dupart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anton Lyshchev
- St. Petersburg State Department of Health, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hospital #31, Pr. Dinamo 3, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia
| | - Boris Martynov
- S.M.Kirov Medical Academy, Pr. Dinamo 3, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia
| | - Anatolii Ryndin
- Clinical Diagnostic Center, Pr. Dinamo 3, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia
| | - Elena Kotelevskaya
- St. Petersburg State Department of Health, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hospital #31, Pr. Dinamo 3, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia
| | - Jay Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800168, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Department of Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Nakamura S, Ochiai K, Hatai H, Ochi A, Sunden Y, Umemura T. Pathogenicity of avian leukosis viruses related to fowl glioma-inducing virus. Avian Pathol 2011; 40:499-505. [PMID: 21854177 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.605783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGV), which belongs to avian leukosis virus subgroup A, causes the so-called fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia in chickens. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of four isolates (Tym-43, U-1, Sp-40 and Sp-53) related to the FGV prototype were determined and their pathogenicity was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 3'-long terminal repeat of all isolates grouped together in a cluster, while sequences of the surface (SU) proteins encoded by the env gene of these viruses had 85 to 96% identity with the corresponding region of FGV. The SU regions of Tym-43, U-1 and FGV grouped together in a cluster, but those of Sp-40 and Sp-53 formed a completely separate cluster. Next, C/O specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated in ovo with these isolates as well as the chimeric virus RCAS(A)-(FGVenvSU), constructed by substituting the SU region of FGV into the retroviral vector RCAS(A). The four variants induced fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia and the birds inoculated with Sp-53 had the most severe lesions. In contrast, RCAS(A)-(FGVenvSU) provoked only mild non-suppurative inflammation. These results suggest that the ability to induce brain lesions similar to those of the FGV prototype is still preserved in these FGV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Nakamura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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