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Fonti N, Parisi F, Mancianti F, Freer G, Poli A. Cancerogenic parasites in veterinary medicine: a narrative literature review. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:45. [PMID: 37496079 PMCID: PMC10373346 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasite infection is one of the many environmental factors that can significantly contribute to carcinogenesis and is already known to be associated with a variety of malignancies in both human and veterinary medicine. However, the actual number of cancerogenic parasites and their relationship to tumor development is far from being fully understood, especially in veterinary medicine. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate parasite-related cancers in domestic and wild animals and their burden in veterinary oncology. Spontaneous neoplasia with ascertained or putative parasite etiology in domestic and wild animals will be reviewed, and the multifarious mechanisms of protozoan and metazoan cancer induction will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Fonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Bottero E, Pierini A, Ruggiero P, Cattaneo D, Campanile A, Benvenuti E. Gastroduodenal ulceration detected endoscopically in cats: retrospective study of 61 patients. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e347-e352. [PMID: 35848606 PMCID: PMC10812314 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic appearance of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDUs), and to assess the clinical, ultrasonographic and histological data, as well as long-term follow-up, in cats. METHODS The medical record databases of five veterinary endoscopists were evaluated between January 2016 and 2020, in a retrospective study. Cats with at least one gastric or duodenal ulcer detected by endoscopic examination were included. All the medical records of the selected cats were reviewed and information was collected regarding breed, age, sex, neuter status, medical history, clinical signs, and ultrasonographic, endoscopic and histological findings. The cats were evaluated at 6, 12 and 18 months. RESULTS Sixty-one cats with a median age of 9.0 years (range 2.0-16.0) were included in the study. The most common complaints were vomiting (n = 55; 90%) and hyporexia (n = 40; 66%); haematemesis was reported in 12 (20%) cats. Endoscopy showed GDUs in the following locations: gastric body in 28 cats (46%), antropyloric area in 34 cats (56%), fundus in 13 cats (21%) and duodenum in eight cats (13%). A single GDU was found in 42 cats (69%) and multiple GDUs were seen in 19 cats (31%). Histopathological evaluation revealed benign lesions in 33 (54%) cats and malignant lesions in 28 (46%; 24 high-grade lymphoma, one low-grade lymphoma and three carcinoma). High-grade lymphoma was detected only in the stomach. Cats diagnosed with malignant GDUs (median 10.5, range 4-16) were significantly older than cats with benign lesions (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE GDUs are common and were detected in 5.1% of cats undergoing an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The risk of a malignant ulcer increases proportionally with each year of increasing age. GDU location, number and morphological appearance do not provide any indication of the nature of the ulcer; however, duodenal ulcers are frequently benign. Endoscopic examination facilitates the early and minimally invasive detection of GDUs in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Pisani Carli Chiodo Veterinary Centre, Luni Mare, La Spezia, Italy
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Petrželková KJ, Uwamahoro C, Pafčo B, Červená B, Samaš P, Mudakikwa A, Muvunyi R, Uwingeli P, Gilardi K, Nziza J, Noheri JB, Eckardt W, Ndagijimana F, Ssebide B, Okwirokello R, Nizeyimana F, Syaluha EK, Nzayisenga G, Flores Girón L, Bahizi M, Ntwari AE, Lukusa JP, Tumushime JC, Mangura D, Mapilanga J, Kalonji A, Aruho R, Stryková A, Tehlarová Z, Cameira R, Lowenstine L, Šlapeta J, Romportl D, Ferrari N, Cranfield M, Modrý D. Heterogeneity in patterns of helminth infections across populations of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Sci Rep 2021; 11:10869. [PMID: 34035316 PMCID: PMC8149636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conservation efforts have led to the recovery of the endangered mountain gorilla populations. Due to their limited potential for spatial expansion, population densities increased, which may alter the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Recently, clinical gastrointestinal illnesses linked to helminth infections have been recorded in both gorilla populations. To understand drivers and patterns of helminth infections we quantified strongylid and tapeworm infections across both Virunga Massif and Bwindi populations using fecal egg counts. We assessed the impact of age, sex, group size, season and spatial differences used as a proxy, which reflects observed variation in the occurrence of gastrointestinal problems, vegetation types, gorilla subpopulation growth and associated social structure on helminth infections. We revealed striking geographic differences in strongylid infections with higher egg counts mostly in areas with high occurrences of gastrointestinal disease. Increased helminth egg counts were also associated with decreasing group size in some areas. Observed spatial differences may reflect mutual effects of variations in subpopulation growth rates, gorilla social structure, and vegetation associated with altitude across mountain gorilla habitat. Helminth infection intensities in Virunga gorillas were lowest in the youngest and the oldest animals. Elucidating parasite infection patterns of endangered species with low genetic diversity is crucial for their conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara J. Petrželková
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.418338.50000 0001 2255 8513Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic ,Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Barbora Pafčo
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Červená
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic ,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Samaš
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antoine Mudakikwa
- grid.508147.f0000 0000 9490 3868Rwanda Development Board, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Richard Muvunyi
- grid.508147.f0000 0000 9490 3868Rwanda Development Board, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Prosper Uwingeli
- grid.508147.f0000 0000 9490 3868Rwanda Development Board, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Julius Nziza
- grid.508041.8Gorilla Doctors (MGVP, Inc.), Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Benard Ssebide
- grid.508041.8Gorilla Doctors (MGVP, Inc.), Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Flores Girón
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro, Lwiro, Democratic Republic of Congo ,Lwiro Primate Rehabilitation Center, Democratic Republic of Congo and Ivan Carter Wildlife Conservation Alliance, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Méthode Bahizi
- grid.508041.8Gorilla Doctors (MGVP, Inc.), Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Damien Mangura
- grid.508041.8Gorilla Doctors (MGVP, Inc.), Davis, CA USA
| | - Jeff Mapilanga
- Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Arthur Kalonji
- Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, Parc National de Kahuzi Biega, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Robert Aruho
- grid.463699.7Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anna Stryková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tehlarová
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rita Cameira
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic ,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Lowenstine
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dušan Romportl
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Research Center Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections ‘‘EpiSoMI’’, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - David Modrý
- grid.418338.50000 0001 2255 8513Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic ,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Barker EN, Holdsworth AS, Hibbert A, Brown PJ, Hayward NJ. Hyperplastic and fibrosing gastropathy resembling Ménétrier disease in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919861248. [PMID: 31308958 PMCID: PMC6607575 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919861248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 3.5-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of weight loss and polyphagia. Clinical examination revealed a markedly reduced body condition score (2/9) and a quiet demeanour. Laboratory abnormalities comprised a mild non-regenerative anaemia, stress leukogram, hypoproteinaemia due to hypoalbuminaemia, azotaemia, hypokalaemia, total hypocalcaemia and sub-maximally concentrated urine (specific gravity 1.020). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed marked thickening of the gastric mucosa within the fundus, body and pylorus; the most dorsal portion of the fundus was spared. The thickened mucosa contained multiple small, anechoic cyst-like structures. The gastric submucosa, muscularis and serosa appeared normal. Histopathology, performed on a full-thickness gastric biopsy, revealed mucosal hypertrophy and markedly dilated gastric glands in areas; not all gastric glands were affected, with some appearing normal or atrophic. Focal interstitial fibrosis was present in some areas. The findings of hypoproteinaemia, gastric ultrasonographic changes and histopathology results share several similarities to those reported with Ménétrier disease. Relevance and novel information Ménétrier disease is a rare condition of the stomach in humans. A similar condition, giant hypertrophic gastritis (or Ménétrier-like disease), has also been described rarely in dogs. To our knowledge, Ménétrier-like disease has not been previously described cats. This case shares features of Ménétrier-like disease, raising the suspicion of a similar aetiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi N Barker
- The Feline Centre, Langford Vets, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Angie Hibbert
- The Feline Centre, Langford Vets, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter J Brown
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
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Baron HR, Šlapeta J, Donahoe SL, Doneley RTJ, Phalen DN. Compensatory gastric stretching following subtotal gastric resection due to gastric adenocarcinoma in a diamond python (Morelia spilota spilota). Aust Vet J 2018; 96:481-486. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- HR Baron
- Avian Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, School of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; Camden 2570 New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Šlapeta
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science; The University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - SL Donahoe
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science; The University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - RTJ Doneley
- UQ Vets, School of Veterinary Science; University of Queensland; Gatton QLD Australia
| | - DN Phalen
- Avian Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, School of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; Camden 2570 New South Wales, Australia
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Kato D, Oishi M, Ohno K, Nakashima K, Wada A, Morita T, Imai S, Tsuboi M, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Tsujimoto H. The first report of the ante-mortem diagnosis of Ollulanus tricuspis infection in two dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1499-502. [PMID: 26050752 PMCID: PMC4667671 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ollulanus tricuspis is a small nematode parasite of the
stomach, and its infection has been reported worldwide in cats but only one report in dogs
as post-mortem diagnosis. Two dogs, kept in the Tokyo area, were presented for chronic
vomiting. Chronic gastritis was diagnosed histologically, and many nematodes were detected
in endoscopically-biopsied gastric samples and in the mucus of vomitus in both dogs. The
parasites were small (<1 mm), and their morphological characteristics were consistent
with those previously reported for O. tricuspis. The symptoms in one dog
completely disappeared after anthelmintic therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first
report describing ante-mortem diagnosis of spontaneous gastric O.
tricuspis infection in dogs in which infectivity and pathogenicity of the
nematode are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kato
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mariko Oishi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ko Nakashima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Wada
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Morita
- Division of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1–7–1 Kyonanchyo Musashino, Tokyo 180–8602, Japan
| | - Soichi Imai
- Division of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1–7–1 Kyonanchyo Musashino, Tokyo 180–8602, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Batchelor DJ, Devauchelle P, Elliott J, Elwood CM, Freiche V, Gualtieri M, Hall EJ, Den Hertog E, Neiger R, Peeters D, Roura X, Savary-Bataille K, German AJ. Mechanisms, causes, investigation and management of vomiting disorders in cats: a literature review. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15:237-65. [PMID: 23403690 PMCID: PMC10816764 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12473466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vomiting is a common presenting complaint in feline practice. This article differs from previous reviews in that it is an evidence-based review of the mechanisms, causes, investigation and management of vomiting in the domestic cat. Published evidence was reviewed, and then used to make recommendations for clinical assessment, diagnosis, antiemetic drug treatment, dietary management and monitoring of cats presenting with vomiting. The strength of the evidence on which recommendations are made (and areas where evidence is lacking for cats) has been highlighted throughout.
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Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity. THE CAT 2012. [PMCID: PMC7158306 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric neoplasia of horses is incompletely described. OBJECTIVE Provide history, clinical signs, and clinicopathological and pathological findings associated with gastric neoplasia in horses. ANIMALS Twenty-four horses with gastric neoplasia. METHODS Retrospective study. History, clinical signs, and clinicopathological and pathologic findings in horses diagnosed histologically with gastric neoplasia were reviewed. RESULTS Horses ranged in age from 9 to 25 years (median 18 years at presentation). There was no apparent breed or sex predisposition. The most common presenting complaints were inappetance (17/24), weight loss (14/24), lethargy (7/24), hypersalivation (7/24), colic (5/24), and fever (5/24). The most consistent clinical signs were tachypnea (10/19), decreased borborygmi (8/19), and low body weight (7/17). Useful diagnostic tests included rectal examination, routine blood analysis, gastroscopy, abdominocentesis, and transabdominal ultrasound examination. Anemia was the most common hematologic abnormality encountered (7/19), and hypercalcemia of malignancy was seen in 4/16 horses. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common tumor identified (19/24), and was most often (14/19) found as a single ulcerated, necrotic mass in the nonglandular portion of the stomach. Other gastric neoplasms encountered were leiomyoma (n=2), mesothelioma (n=1), adenocarcinoma (n=1), and lymphoma (n=1). Metastatic neoplasia was found in 18/23 horses. The median time from onset of clinical signs to death was 4 weeks, and all horses died or were euthanized because of gastric neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common primary gastric neoplasia in horses. The survival time after diagnosis of gastric neoplasia in horses is short.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Taylor
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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