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Todi N, Hiltzik DM, Moore DD. Giant cell tumor of bone and secondary osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30890. [PMID: 38807896 PMCID: PMC11130671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone is a commonly encountered aggressive epiphyseal bone tumor, most often treated surgically. The natural history and presentation are classically described but the histopathology is poorly understood. Intralesional curettage is the mainstay of treatment, but there is significant variation in the use of adjuvant and cavity filling modalities. No gold standard has been agreed upon for treatment, and a variety of techniques are currently in use. Given its location, secondary osteoarthritis is a known long-term complication. This review examines the natural history of giant cell tumors, treatment options and complications, and subsequent development of osteoarthritis. Arthroplasty is usually indicated for secondary osteoarthritis although data is limited on its efficacy. Further directions will likely center on improved pharmacological treatments as well as improved arthroplasty techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Todi
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - David M. Hiltzik
- Northwestern University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Drew D. Moore
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
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2
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Padovano C, Bianco SD, Sansico F, De Santis E, Tamiro F, Colucci M, Totti B, Di Iasio S, Bruno G, Panelli P, Miscio G, Mazza T, Giambra V. The Notch1 signaling pathway directly modulates the human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21199. [PMID: 38040752 PMCID: PMC10692129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway with a key role in tissue homeostasis, differentiation and proliferation. It was reported that Notch1 receptor negatively regulates mouse osteoclast development and formation by inhibiting the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in mesenchymal cells. Nonetheless, the involvement of Notch1 pathway in the generation of human osteoclasts is still controversial. Here, we report that the constitutive activation of Notch1 signaling induced a differentiation block in human mononuclear CD14+ cells directly isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon in vitro stimulation to osteoclasts. Additionally, using a combined approach of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) simultaneously with a panel of 31 oligo-conjugated antibodies against cell surface markers (AbSeq assay) as well as unsupervised learning methods, we detected four different cell stages of human RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis after 5 days in which Notch1 signaling enforces the cell expansion of specific subsets. These cell populations were characterized by distinct gene expression and immunophenotypic profiles and active Notch1, JAK/STAT and WNT signaling pathways. Furthermore, cell-cell communication analyses revealed extrinsic modulators of osteoclast progenitors including the IL7/IL7R and WNT5a/RYK axes. Interestingly, we also report that Interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) was a downstream effector of Notch1 pathway and that Notch1 and IL7R interplay promoted cell expansion of human RANKL-induced osteoclast progenitors. Taken together, these findings underline a novel cell pattern of human osteoclastogenesis, outlining the key role of Notch1 and IL-7R signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanzo Padovano
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele Bianco
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Sansico
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Santis
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Francesco Tamiro
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Mattia Colucci
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Beatrice Totti
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Serena Di Iasio
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Gaja Bruno
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Patrizio Panelli
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miscio
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis and Transfusional Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
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3
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Poosiripinyo T, Sukpanichyingyong S, Salang K, Mahikul W, Chobpenthai T. Non‑surgical outcomes and risk factors for pulmonary metastasis from giant cell tumor of bone. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:508. [PMID: 37920440 PMCID: PMC10618933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study detailed four factors associated with an increased risk of pulmonary metastasis, age, pathological fracture, local recurrence and mode of treatment. Local recurrence and pathological fracture were independent risk factors for developing metastasis. From January 2016 to December 2021, data from 50 patients diagnosed with giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) treated in Khon Kaen Hospital, Thailand, were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors, including age at diagnosis, location of GCTB, clinical presentation, Campanacci stage and no. of local recurrences, for GCTB-induced pulmonary metastasis were evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Of the 50 patients analyzed, 9 patients (18%), with a mean age of 46.3 years (range, 18-68 years), developed pulmonary metastasis. No patients died from pulmonary metastasis in the present study. Statistically significant associations were observed between the development of metastasis and both clinical fracture [odds ratio (OR), 6.107; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-34.70] and local recurrence (OR, 6.48; 95% CI, 1.03-40.87). Patients presenting with both a clinical fracture and local tumor recurrence require more rigorous clinical observation due to the significantly elevated risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanate Poosiripinyo
- Department of Orthopedics, Khon Kaen Hospital, Mueang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | | | - Krits Salang
- Department of Orthopedics, Khon Kaen Hospital, Mueang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Department of Orthopedics, Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thanapon Chobpenthai
- Department of Orthopedics, Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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4
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Sereno M, Franco SR, de la Reina L, Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz JL, Muñoz de Legaría M, Casado Saénz E. Conversion in a Resectable Tumor after Denosumab Neoadjuvant in a Large Dorsal Giant Cells Tumor: A Case Report and a Literature Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9335-9345. [PMID: 37887575 PMCID: PMC10605573 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors of bone are a rare entity, usually occurring in young patients and characteristically arising in the long bones. The spinal location is rare and usually presents with pain and/or neurological symptoms. The treatment of choice is surgery. Treatment with Denosumab, a bisphosphonate inhibitor of RANK-L, which is highly expressed in these tumors, has shown extensive activity in unresectable patients or those undergoing incomplete surgery. Preoperative treatment with this drug is gaining increasing interest, as its high potency in tumor reduction in this subtype of neoplasm has allowed resectability in selected patients. We present the case of a young patient with a large spinal tumor who, after neoadjuvant Denosumab, underwent complete en bloc surgery with clean margins and a great pathological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sereno
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Europe Avenue 32, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28702 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.F.); (E.C.S.)
- European University of Madrid, Medicine Departtment, Calle Tajo 1, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28745 Madrid, Spain;
- FIIB HUIS HHEN, 28703 Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Clinical Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Roa Franco
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Europe Avenue 32, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28702 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.F.); (E.C.S.)
- FIIB HUIS HHEN, 28703 Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Clinical Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura de la Reina
- Neurosurgeon, Neurosurgery Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, C. Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (L.d.l.R.); (M.M.d.L.)
| | - José Luis Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz
- European University of Madrid, Medicine Departtment, Calle Tajo 1, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28745 Madrid, Spain;
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, C. Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz de Legaría
- Neurosurgeon, Neurosurgery Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, C. Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (L.d.l.R.); (M.M.d.L.)
- Pathology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Europe Avenue 32, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28702 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Casado Saénz
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Europe Avenue 32, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28702 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.F.); (E.C.S.)
- European University of Madrid, Medicine Departtment, Calle Tajo 1, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28745 Madrid, Spain;
- FIIB HUIS HHEN, 28703 Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Clinical Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Hild V, Mellert K, Möller P, Barth TFE. Giant Cells of Various Lesions Are Characterised by Different Expression Patterns of HLA-Molecules and Molecules Involved in the Cell Cycle, Bone Metabolism, and Lineage Affiliation: An Immunohistochemical Study with a Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3702. [PMID: 37509363 PMCID: PMC10377796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cells (GCs) are thought to originate from the fusion of monocytic lineage cells and arise amid multiple backgrounds. To compare GCs of different origins, we immunohistochemically characterised the GCs of reactive and neoplastic lesions (n = 47). We studied the expression of 15 molecules including HLA class II molecules those relevant to the cell cycle, bone metabolism and lineage affiliation. HLA-DR was detectable in the GCs of sarcoidosis, sarcoid-like lesions, tuberculosis, and foreign body granuloma. Cyclin D1 was expressed by the GCs of neoplastic lesions as well as the GCs of bony callus, fibroid epulis, and brown tumours. While cyclin E was detected in the GCs of all lesions, p16 and p21 showed a heterogeneous expression pattern. RANK was expressed by the GCs of all lesions except sarcoid-like lesions and xanthogranuloma. All GCs were RANK-L-negative, and the GCs of all lesions were osteoprotegerin-positive. Osteonectin was limited to the GCs of chondroblastoma. Osteopontin and TRAP were detected in the GCs of all lesions except xanthogranuloma. RUNX2 was heterogeneously expressed in the reactive and neoplastic cohort. The GCs of all lesions except foreign body granuloma expressed CD68, and all GCs were CD163- and langerin-negative. This profiling points to a functional diversity of GCs despite their similar morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Hild
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Mellert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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6
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Choi EB, Agidigbi TS, Kang IS, Kim C. ERK Inhibition Increases RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in RAW 264.7 Cells by Stimulating AMPK Activation and RANK Expression and Inhibiting Anti-Osteoclastogenic Factor Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13512. [PMID: 36362318 PMCID: PMC9656104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone absorption is necessary for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. An osteoclast (OC) is a monocyte-macrophage lineage cell that absorbs bone tissue. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are known to play important roles in regulating OC growth and differentiation. In this study, we examined specific downstream signal pathways affected by ERK inhibition during OC differentiation. Our results showed that the ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 increased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced OC differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells, implying a negative role in OC differentiation. This is supported by the effect of ERK2-specific small interfering RNA on increasing OC differentiation. In contrast to our findings regarding the RAW 264.7 cells, the ERK inhibitors attenuated the differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells into OCs. The ERK inhibitors significantly increased the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but not the activation of p38 MAPK, Lyn, and mTOR. In addition, while the ERK inhibition increased the expression of the RANKL receptor RANK, it decreased the expression of negative mediators of OC differentiation, such as interferon regulatory factor-8, B-cell lymphoma 6, and interferon-γ. These dichotomous effects of ERK inhibition suggest that while ERKs may play positive roles in bone marrow-derived cells, ERKs may also play negative regulatory roles in RAW 264.7 cells. These data provide important information for drug development utilizing ERK inhibitors in OC-related disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bi Choi
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- BK21 Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Taiwo Samuel Agidigbi
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - In-Soon Kang
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- BK21 Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- BK21 Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Convergent Research Center for Metabolism and Immunoregulation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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7
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Yang M, Wang F, Lu G, Cheng M, Zhao W, Zou C. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals T-cell exhaustion in denosumab-treated giant cell tumor of bone. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934078. [PMID: 36172351 PMCID: PMC9510370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Denosumab (DMAB), a human monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, is used for the treatment for unresectable giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). However, little is known about the molecular and functional characteristics of GCTB-infiltrating lymphocytes after DMAB treatment. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining assays to delineate the immune landscape of GCTB in the presence and absence of DMAB. We found that exhausted CD8+ T cells were preferentially enriched in DMAB-treated GCTB. A distinct M2-skewed type of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) comprises the majority of GCTB TAMs. We identified cytokines, including interleukin-10, and inhibitory receptors of M2 TAMs as important mediators of CD8+ T cell exhaustion. We further revealed that DMAB treatment notably increased the expression levels of periostin (POSTN) in GCTB cells. Furthermore, POSTN expression was transcriptionally regulated by c-FOS signaling and correlated with GCTB recurrence in patients after DMAB treatment. Collectively, our findings reveal that CD8+ T-cells undergo unappreciated exhaustion during DMAB therapy and that GCTB cell-derived POSTN educates TAMs and establishes a microenvironmental niche that facilitates GCTB recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Pathologica Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhe Cheng
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhao, ; Changye Zou,
| | - Changye Zou
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhao, ; Changye Zou,
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Outcome of Reoperation for Local Recurrence Following En Bloc Resection for Bone Giant Cell Tumor of the Extremity. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6383-6399. [PMID: 36135072 PMCID: PMC9498107 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29090503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
En bloc resection is typically performed to treat giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB), particularly when curettage can be challenging owing to extensive bone cortex destruction with soft tissue extension. Few reports have addressed the clinical outcomes after reoperation for local recurrence in patients with GCTB who underwent en bloc resection. In this multicenter retrospective study, we investigated local recurrence, distant metastasis, malignant transformation, mortality, and limb function in patients treated for local recurrence following en bloc resection for GCTB. Among 205 patients who underwent en bloc resection for GCTB of the extremities between 1980 and 2021, we included 29 with local recurrence. En bloc resection was performed for large tumors with soft tissue extension, pathological fractures with joint invasion, complex fractures, and dispensable bones, such as the proximal fibula and distal ulna. Local re-recurrence, distant metastasis, malignant transformation, and mortality rates were 41.4% (12/29), 34.5% (10/29), 6.9% (2/29), and 6.9% (2/29), respectively. The median Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 26 (interquartile range, 23–28). The median follow-up period after surgery for local recurrence was 70.1 months (interquartile range, 40.5–123.8 months). Local recurrence following en bloc resection for GCTB could indicate an aggressive GCTB, necessitating careful follow-up.
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9
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Antal I, Pápai Z, Szendrői M, Perlaky T, Dezső K, Lippai Z, Sápi Z. The Activation of PDGFRβ on Mononuclear Stromal/Tumor Cells in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone After Denosumab Treatment. An Immunohistochemical Study of Five Cases. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610633. [PMID: 36091939 PMCID: PMC9448856 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the relatively high recurrence rate and the destructive nature of the tumor, the treatment of giant cell tumor is still a challenge. Denosumab appeared to be a promising candidate as a therapeutic drug. However, several studies have reported that tumors can recur during/after treatment with denosumab. Based on activated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pattern of the stromal/tumor cells, a combination treatment with denosumab and sunitinib has recently been proposed to inhibit recurrences. This prompted us to investigate the PDGFRβ expression of five denosumab treated cases using both primary and recurrent tumors during and after denosumab treatment. In addition, to recognise morphological changes, immunohistochemical analysis of H3F3A and PDGFRβ was also performed. As an effect of denosumab treatment, the permanent absence of giant cells associated with severe to mild fibrosis was the most consistent morphological change, but H3F3A positive stromal/tumor cells were observed in all cases. Furthermore, an increased immunopositivity of PDGFRβ in stromal/tumor cells was evident in all recurrent cases during denosumab treatment. Upon tumor recurrence (after the discontinuation of denosumab treatment) the intensity of PDGFRβ immunostaining in stromal/tumor cells was restored/decreased. Our results confirm (for the first time) the activation of PDGFRβ on mononuclear stromal/tumor cells at protein level as an effect of denosumab treatment, which has so far only been demonstrated by phosphoprotein array analysis (protein lysates). The decreased PDGFRβ activity after the discontinuation of denosumab treatmeant and the increased PDGFRβ activity during denosumab treatment underlines the need for denosumab and sunitinib combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Antal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Pápai
- Department of Oncology, Hungarian Defence Forces Medical Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szendrői
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Perlaky
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lippai
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sápi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zoltán Sápi,
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10
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SARS-CoV-2 infection induces inflammatory bone loss in golden Syrian hamsters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2539. [PMID: 35534483 PMCID: PMC9085785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrapulmonary complications of different organ systems have been increasingly recognized in patients with severe or chronic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, limited information on the skeletal complications of COVID-19 is known, even though inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract have been known to perturb bone metabolism and cause pathological bone loss. In this study, we characterize the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on bone metabolism in an established golden Syrian hamster model for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 causes significant multifocal loss of bone trabeculae in the long bones and lumbar vertebrae of all infected hamsters. Moreover, we show that the bone loss is associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine dysregulation, as the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines not only upregulate osteoclastic differentiation in bone tissues, but also trigger an amplified pro-inflammatory cascade in the skeletal tissues to augment their pro-osteoclastogenesis effect. Our findings suggest that pathological bone loss may be a neglected complication which warrants more extensive investigations during the long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients. The benefits of potential prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against pathological bone loss should be further evaluated. Although extrapulmonary complications of different organ systems are recognized in patients with severe COVID19 effects are less well studied. Here, Qiao et al. characterize the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 on bone metabolism in Syrian hamster and find that bone loss is associated with virus-mediated cytokine dysregulation.
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11
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Dang L, Li N, Wu X, Li D, Zhang Z, Zhang BT, Lyu A, Chen L, Zhang G, Liu J. A Rapid Protocol for Direct Isolation of Osteoclast Lineage Cells from Mouse Bone Marrow. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4338. [PMID: 35592608 PMCID: PMC8918216 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast lineage cells (OLCs), including osteoclast precursors (OCPs) and mature osteoclasts (MOCs), participate in bone remodeling and mediate pathologic bone loss. Thus, it is essential to obtain OLCs for exploring their molecular features in both physiological and pathological conditions in vivo. However, the conventional protocols for obtaining OLCs ex vivo are not only time-consuming, but also unable to capture the cellular status of OLCs in vivo. In addition, the current antibody-based isolation approaches, such as fluorescence-/ magnetic-activated cell sorting, are not able to obtain pure osteoclasts because no unique surface antigen for osteoclasts has been identified. Here, we develop a rapid protocol for directly isolating OLCs from mouse bone marrow through magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). This protocol can rapidly enrich OCPs and MOCs, respectively, depending on the expression of the distinctive surface markers at their differentiation stages. It is optimized to isolate OLCs from four mice concurrently, of which sorting procedure could be completed within ~5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nanxi Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dijie Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
,
*For correspondence: ;
| | - Jin Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
,
*For correspondence: ;
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12
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Wei SJ, Zhang Q, Xiang YJ, Peng LY, Peng W, Ren Q, Gao YX. Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction attenuates bone erosion in rats that have collagen-induced arthritis via modulating NF-κB signalling to suppress osteoclastogenesis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:262-274. [PMID: 33626293 PMCID: PMC7906619 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1876100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZD) is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of GSZD on bone erosion in type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and to identify the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CIA model was prepared in male Wistar rats by two subcutaneous injections of CII, 1 mg/mL. Fifty CIA rats were randomized equally into the control group given saline daily, the positive group given saline daily and methotrexate 0.75 mg/kg once a week, and three GSZD-treated groups gavaged daily with 800, 1600 and 3200 mg/kg of GSZD for 21 days. GSZD effects were assessed by paw volume, arthritic severity index and histopathology. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. The effects of GSZD on RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption assay. Expression of IκB-α and p65 was measured by Western blotting. Major components of GSZD were identified by HPLC. RESULTS Arthritis index score, paw volume and bone destruction score showed that GSZD improved inflammatory symptoms and reduced joint tissue erosion (p < 0.01). GSZD decreased RANKL, and the number of osteoclasts (OCs) in joint tissues (p < 0.01) and increased osteoprotegerin levels (p < 0.01). GSZD inhibited RANKL-induced RAW264.7 differentiation and reduced bone resorption by OCs. GSZD upregulated IκB (p < 0.01) and p65 (p < 0.01) in the cytoplasm and downregulated p65 (p < 0.01) in the cell nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction has an anti-RA effect, suggesting its possible use as a supplement and alternative drug therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-jun Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-jing Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan-yu Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- CONTACT Wei Peng School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liu-tai Road, Chengdu611130, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Qiang Ren Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu610072, China
| | - Yong-xiang Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Yong-xiang Gao International Education College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shi-er-qiao Rd., Jiuniu District, Chengdu610075, China
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13
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Tsukamoto S, Mavrogenis AF, Tanaka Y, Kido A, Kawaguchi M, Errani C. Denosumab Does Not Decrease Local Recurrence in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Treated With En Bloc Resection. Orthopedics 2021; 44:326-332. [PMID: 34618637 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20211001-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We performed a systematic analysis of existing studies to determine whether preoperative denosumab reduces the risk of local recurrence for patients with giant cell tumor of bone treated with en bloc resection and to address the optimal duration of preoperative denosumab with respect to the risk of local recurrence after en bloc resection. Denosumab did not decrease the risk of local recurrence after en bloc resection; the proportion of patients with local recurrence was 3.6% (2 of 56) in the en bloc resection with preoperative denosumab group vs 14.2% (40 of 280) in the en bloc resection alone group, with an overall pooled odds ratio of 0.76 (P=.67). Meta-regression models revealed no association between the duration of preoperative denosumab and the odds of local recurrence after en bloc resection (P=.83). Administration of denosumab for 3 months before en bloc resection is appropriate for sufficient bone hardening to reduce tumor cell spillage and does not result in denosumab-related complications. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(6):326-332.].
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14
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Couasnay G, Madel MB, Lim J, Lee B, Elefteriou F. Sites of Cre-recombinase activity in mouse lines targeting skeletal cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1661-1679. [PMID: 34278610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Cre/Lox system is a powerful tool in the biologist's toolbox, allowing loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies, as well as lineage tracing, through gene recombination in a tissue-specific and inducible manner. Evidence indicates, however, that Cre transgenic lines have a far more nuanced and broader pattern of Cre activity than initially thought, exhibiting "off-target" activity in tissues/cells other than the ones they were originally designed to target. With the goal of facilitating the comparison and selection of optimal Cre lines to be used for the study of gene function, we have summarized in a single manuscript the major sites and timing of Cre activity of the main Cre lines available to target bone mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, tenocytes, and osteoclasts, along with their reported sites of "off-target" Cre activity. We also discuss characteristics, advantages, and limitations of these Cre lines for users to avoid common risks related to overinterpretation or misinterpretation based on the assumption of strict cell-type specificity or unaccounted effect of the Cre transgene or Cre inducers. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greig Couasnay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Fan Z, Pathak JL, Ge L. The Potential Role of RP105 in Regulation of Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis During Inflammatory Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:713254. [PMID: 34414191 PMCID: PMC8369417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.713254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases have a negative impact on bone homeostasis via exacerbated local and systemic inflammation. Bone resorbing osteoclasts are mainly derived from hematopoietic precursors and bone marrow monocytes. Induced osteoclastogenesis during inflammation, autoimmunity, metabolic diseases, and cancers is associated with bone loss and osteoporosis. Proinflammatory cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or endogenous pathogenic factors induce osteoclastogenic differentiation by binding to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family expressed on surface of osteoclast precursors. As a non-canonical member of the TLRs, radioprotective 105 kDa (RP105 or CD180) and its ligand, myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1), are involved in several bone metabolic disorders. Reports from literature had demonstrated RP105 as an important activator of B cells, bone marrow monocytes, and macrophages, which regulates inflammatory cytokines release from immune cells. Reports from literature had shown the association between RP105 and other TLRs, and the downstream signaling mechanisms of RP105 with different “signaling-competent” partners in immune cells during different disease conditions. This review is focused to summarize: (1) the role of RP105 on immune cells’ function and inflammation regulation (2) the potential regulatory roles of RP105 in different disease-mediated osteoclast activation and the underlying mechanisms, and (3) the different “signaling-competent” partners of RP105 that regulates osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhu Ge
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Munmun F, Witt-Enderby PA. Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12749. [PMID: 34085304 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the primary circadian output signal from the brain and is mainly synthesized in pinealocytes. The rhythm and secretion of melatonin are under the control of an endogenous oscillator located in the SCN or the master biological clock. Disruptions in circadian rhythms by shift work, aging, or light at night are associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Restoration of nocturnal melatonin peaks to normal levels or therapeutic levels through timed melatonin supplementation has been demonstrated to provide bone-protective actions in various models. Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density. Its additional actions on entraining circadian rhythms and improving quality of life in an aging population coupled with its safety profile make it an ideal therapeutic candidate for protecting against bone loss in susceptible populations. The intent of this review is to provide a focused discussion on bone loss and disorders of the bone as it relates to melatonin and conditions that modify melatonin levels with the hope that future therapies include those that include melatonin and correct those factors that modify melatonin levels like circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Munmun
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Osteoclasts Differentiation from Murine RAW 264.7 Cells Stimulated by RANKL: Timing and Behavior. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020117. [PMID: 33557437 PMCID: PMC7915339 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of multi-nucleated cells is critical for osteoclasts (OCs) maturation and function. Our objective was to extend knowledge on osteoclastogenesis, focusing on pre-OC fusion timing and behavior. RAW 264.7 cells, which is a murine monocyte-macrophage cell line, provide a valuable and widely used tool for in vitro studies on osteoclastogenesis mechanisms. Cells were treated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) for 1-4 days and effects on cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, protein distribution, and OC-specific gene expression examined by TEM, immunofluorescence, and qPCR. Multinucleated cells began to appear at two days of Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor κ-B Ligand (RANKL) stimulation, increasing in number and size in the following days, associated with morphological and cytoskeletal organization changes. Interesting cellular extensions were observed in three days within cells labeled with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The membrane, cytoplasmic, or nuclear distribution of RANK, TRAF6, p-p38, pERK1/2, and NFATc1, respectively, was related to OCs maturation timing. The gene expression for transcription factors regulating osteoclastogenesis (NFATc1, c-fos, RelA, MITF), molecules involved in RANKL-signaling transduction (TRAF6), cytoskeleton regulation (RhoA), fusion (DC-STAMP), migration (MMP9), and OC-specific enzymes (TRAP, CtsK), showed different trends related to OC differentiation timing. Our findings provide an integrated view on the morphological and molecular changes occurring during RANKL stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells, which are important to better understand the OCs' maturation processes.
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18
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Das A, Wang X, Kang J, Coulter A, Shetty AC, Bachu M, Brooks SR, Dell'Orso S, Foster BL, Fan X, Ozato K, Somerman MJ, Thumbigere-Math V. Monocyte Subsets With High Osteoclastogenic Potential and Their Epigenetic Regulation Orchestrated by IRF8. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:199-214. [PMID: 32804442 PMCID: PMC8168257 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-resorbing cells formed by the serial fusion of monocytes. In mice and humans, three distinct subsets of monocytes exist; however, it is unclear if all of them exhibit osteoclastogenic potential. Here we show that in wild-type (WT) mice, Ly6Chi and Ly6Cint monocytes are the primary source of OC formation when compared to Ly6C- monocytes. Their osteoclastogenic potential is dictated by increased expression of signaling receptors and activation of preestablished transcripts, as well as de novo gain in enhancer activity and promoter changes. In the absence of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcription factor important for myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis, all three monocyte subsets are programmed to display higher osteoclastogenic potential. Enhanced NFATc1 nuclear translocation and amplified transcriptomic and epigenetic changes initiated at early developmental stages direct the increased osteoclastogenesis in Irf8-deficient mice. Collectively, our study provides novel insights into the transcription factors and active cis-regulatory elements that regulate OC differentiation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Kang
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa Coulter
- Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahesh Bachu
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Flow Cytometry Shared Service, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Matsuoka S, Hasegawa H, Koike S, Koyama T, Takeda T, Miura K, Eguchi T, Hamanaka K, Kito M, Takahashi J, Fukushima T, Koizumi T, Shimizu K, Uehara T. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Soft Tissue with Multinucleated Giant Cells with Osteogenic Phenotypes: A Mimicker of Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.30.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Matsuoka
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Sachie Koike
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Tsutomu Koyama
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Tetsu Takeda
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Kentaro Miura
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Eguchi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Kazutoshi Hamanaka
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Munehisa Kito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Toshiro Fukushima
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Tomonobu Koizumi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
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20
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Kolomansky A, Kaye I, Ben-Califa N, Gorodov A, Awida Z, Sadovnic O, Ibrahim M, Liron T, Hiram-Bab S, Oster HS, Sarid N, Perry C, Gabet Y, Mittelman M, Neumann D. Anti-CD20-Mediated B Cell Depletion Is Associated With Bone Preservation in Lymphoma Patients and Bone Mass Increase in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561294. [PMID: 33193330 PMCID: PMC7604358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with anti-CD20-specific antibodies (rituximab), has become the standard of care for B cell lymphoproliferative disorders and many autoimmune diseases. In rheumatological patients the effect of rituximab on bone mass yielded conflicting results, while in lymphoma patients it has not yet been described. Here, we used cross-sectional X-ray imaging (CT/PET-CT) to serially assess bone density in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving rituximab maintenance therapy. Remarkably, this treatment prevented the decline in bone mass observed in the control group of patients who did not receive active maintenance therapy. In accordance with these data, anti-CD20-mediated B cell depletion in normal C57BL/6J female mice led to a significant increase in bone mass, as reflected by a 7.7% increase in bone mineral density (whole femur), and a ~5% increase in cortical as well as trabecular tissue mineral density. Administration of anti-CD20 antibodies resulted in a significant decrease in osteoclastogenic signals, including RANKL, which correlated with a reduction in osteoclastogenic potential of bone marrow cells derived from B-cell-depleted animals. Taken together, our data suggest that in addition to its anti-tumor activity, anti-CD20 treatment has a favorable effect on bone mass. Our murine studies indicate that B cell depletion has a direct effect on bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kolomansky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Medicine A, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Kaye
- Department of Medicine A, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathalie Ben-Califa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anton Gorodov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Zamzam Awida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sadovnic
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Ibrahim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Liron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Howard S Oster
- Department of Medicine A, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Sarid
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Institute of Hematology, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chava Perry
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Institute of Hematology, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Mittelman
- Department of Medicine A, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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21
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Cai X, Li Z, Zhao Y, Katz J, Michalek SM, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang P. Enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:410-425. [PMID: 31944305 PMCID: PMC7250733 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Excessive osteoclast activity is a major characteristic of pathogenic bone loss in inflammatory bone diseases including periodontitis. However, beyond the knowledge that osteoclasts are differentiated from the monocyte/macrophage lineage and share common ancestry with macrophages and DC, the nature and function of osteoclast precursors are not completely understood. Furthermore, little is known about how osteoclast precursors respond to bacterial infection in vivo. We have previously demonstrated in vitro that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a biphasic role on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the in vivo effect of Pg infection on the regulation of osteoclast precursors, using a mouse calvarial infection model. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 wild-type and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 knockout (MyD88-/- ) mice were infected with Pg by calvarial injection. Local and systemic bone loss, and the number and function of CD11b+ c-fms+ cells from bone marrow and spleen were analyzed. Our results show that Pg infection induces localized inflammatory infiltration and osteoclastogenesis, as well as increased number and osteoclastogenic potential of CD11b+ c-fms+ osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow and periphery. We also show that CD11b+ c-fms+ RANK+ and CD11b+ c-fms+ RANK- are precursors with similar osteoclastogenic and pro-inflammatory potentials. In addition, CD11b+ c-fms+ cells exhibit an antigen-specific T-cell immune-suppressive activity, which are increased with Pg infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that MyD88 is involved in the regulation of osteoclast precursors upon Pg infection. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate an enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Pg infection. Based on our findings, we propose the following model: Pg infection increases a pool of precursor cells that can be shunted toward osteoclast formation at the infection/inflammation sites, while at the same time dampening host immune responses, which is beneficial for the persistence of infection and maintenance of the characteristic chronic nature of periodontitis. Understanding the nature, function, and regulation of osteoclast precursors will be helpful for identifying therapeutic interventions to aid in the control and prevention of inflammatory bone loss diseases including periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cai
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of PeriodonticsThe Affiliated Stomatological HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhaofei Li
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of EndodonticsSchool of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Jenny Katz
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Suzanne M. Michalek
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Molecular & Cellular PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of EndodonticsSchool of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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Is Treatment with Denosumab Associated with Local Recurrence in Patients with Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Treated with Curettage? A Systematic Review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:1076-1085. [PMID: 31794487 PMCID: PMC7170677 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to receptor activation of nuclear factor-kappa ß ligand (RANKL), has been used as a drug to treat aggressive giant cell tumors of bone. It is unclear whether preoperative denosumab therapy is associated with the local recurrence risk in patients with giant cell tumors of bone treated with curettage. Early evidence suggests that denosumab treatment is associated with a reduction in local recurrence, but other studies have questioned that premise. Curettage after a short course of denosumab (3 to 4 months) has been recommended, especially for large, aggressive giant cell tumors in which complete curettage is difficult to achieve. No randomized studies have documented the benefit of this approach, and some investigators have reported higher local recurrence after denosumab treatment. Due to this confusion, we performed a systematic analysis of existing reports to attempt to answer this question and determine whether the appropriate preoperative denosumab therapy duration could be established. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Is the use of preoperative denosumab associated with local recurrence risk in patients with giant cell tumors of bone treated with curettage compared with those treated with curettage alone? (2) Is the preoperative denosumab therapy duration associated with local recurrence after curettage? METHODS We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases on April 26, 2019 and included both randomized and non-randomized studies that compared local recurrence between patients who had giant cell tumors of bone and were treated with curettage after preoperative denosumab and patients treated with curettage alone. Two authors independently screened the studies. There were no randomized studies dealing with denosumab in giant cell tumors of bone, and generally, denosumab was used for more aggressive tumors. We assessed the quality of the included studies using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies, with a moderate overall risk of bias. We registered our protocol in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019133288). We selected seven eligible studies involving 619 patients for the final analysis. RESULTS The proportion of patients with local recurrence ranged from 20% to 100% in the curettage with preoperative denosumab group and ranged from 0% to 50% in the curettage-alone group. The odds ratio of local recurrence ranged from 1.07 to 37.80 in no more than 6 months of preoperative denosumab duration group and ranged from 0.60 to 28.33 in more than 6 months of preoperative denosumab duration group. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence for the benefit of denosumab in more aggressive giant cell tumors is inconclusive, and denosumab treatment may even be associated with an increase in the proportion of patients experiencing local recurrence. Because there are no randomized studies and the existing studies are of poor quality due to indication bias (the most aggressive Campanacci 3 lesions or those where even a resection would be difficult and result in morbidity are generally the patients who are treated with denosumab), the evidence to suggest a disadvantage is weak. Denosumab treatment should be viewed with caution until more definitive, randomized studies documenting a benefit (or not) have been conducted. Furthermore, we could not find evidence to suggest an appropriate length of preoperative denosumab before curettage.
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Penel N, Lebellec L, Blay JY, Robin YM. Overview of « druggable » alterations by histological subtypes of sarcomas and connective tissue intermediate malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 150:102960. [PMID: 32320927 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize herein the literature data about molecular targeted therapies in sarcomas and conjunctive tissue intermediate malignancies. For each clinical setting, the level of evidence, the mechanism of action and the target are described. The two major axes include (i) identification of subgroups of tumors with druggable alteration irrespective of the histological diagnosis (e.g. NTRK), and (ii) druggable target of pathway related to the physiopathology of the tumor: denosumab and bone giant cell tumor, imatinib and soft tissue giant cell tumor, mTOR inhibitor and PECOMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Penel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Lille University, Medical School, Lille, France.
| | - Loïc Lebellec
- Lille University, Medical School, Lille, France; Medical Oncology Unit, Dron Hospital, Tourcoing, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medicine, Centre Leon Bérard, Lyon, France; Claude Bernard University, Medical School Lyon, France
| | - Yves-Marie Robin
- Biopathology department, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Lille University, Inserm U1192, Laboratoire « Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse » (PRISM), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Effect of Substrate Reduction Therapy in Comparison to Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Immune Aspects and Bone Involvement in Gaucher Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040526. [PMID: 32244296 PMCID: PMC7226435 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the GBA gene, leading to deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Among all the symptoms across various organ systems, bone disease is a major concern as it causes high morbidity and reduces quality of life. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the most accepted treatment; however, there are still unmet needs. As an alternative, substrate reduction therapy (SRT) was developed using glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors. In the current study, the effects of ERT vs. SRT were compared, particularly the immunological and bone remodeling aspects. GD subjects were divided into three cohorts based on their treatment at initial visit: ERT, SRT, and untreated (UT). Immunophenotyping showed no significant immune cell alterations between the cohorts. Expression of RANK/RANKL/Osteoprotegerin pathway components on immune cells and the secreted markers of bone turnover were analyzed. In the ERT cohort, no significant changes were observed in RANK, RANKL or serum biomarkers. RANKL on T lymphocytes, Osteopontin and MIP-1β decreased with SRT treatment indicating probable reduction in osteoclast activity. Other secreted factors, Osteocalcin and RANKL/Osteoprotegerin did not change with the treatment status. Insights from the study highlight personalized differences between subjects and possible use of RANK pathway components as markers for bone disease progression.
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Influence of estradiol treatment on bone marrow cell differentiation in collagenase-induced arthritis. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:533-543. [PMID: 32200413 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Estrogen is one of the important regulators of the balance between bone formation and bone resorption that can modulate the levels and activity of certain growth factors and cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol (ED) on bone marrow (BM) cell differentiation in vivo and ex vivo in a mouse model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA). SUBJECT ICR (CD-2) female mice were used in present experiments (total number = 75) and bone marrow cells were used for in vitro studies. TREATMENT Mice were orally fed under different schemes with 17β-estradiol at a dose of 2 μg or 4 μg for 30 days. METHODS The effect of estradiol was estimated by histopathological, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Estradiol treatment ameliorated cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation if started from day 0 of CIOA induction, attended with a decrease of uterine and ovarian weights. Long time treatment lowered the percentage of megakaryocyte/platelet (CD62P+) populations and osteoclast (RANK+) populations in BM. Cells obtained from estradiol-treated CIOA mice showed inhibited capacity to differentiate into RANK+ and mesenchymal cells under osteoclastogenic conditions in vitro. Estrogen decreased serum IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION Results indicate a potential protective role for estrogen against the development of OA.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an uncommon benign primary bone tumor, consisting of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) expressing reactive osteoclast-like giant cells and neoplastic spindle-shaped cells. Denosumab was approved by FDA in 2013 and by EMA in 2014 to treat adults and skeletally mature adolescents with unresectable GCTB or when resection is likely to result in severe morbidity. However, there is much discussion regarding the optimal applied treatment strategy. Recent findings Neoadjuvant treatment of GCTB with denosumab can effectively downstage tumors to facilitate less morbid surgery or completely avoid the need for resection, but there is concern about local recurrence postsurgery. Definitive treatment of unresectable GTCB improves symptoms and halts tumor progression. The optimal treatment duration is unclear and long-term treatment is associated with adverse events like osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and atypical femoral fractures. Denosumab maintenance dose interval is currently being investigated. Summary For the related but heterogenous group of giant cell rich tumors of bone, like aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), denosumab is a new treatment modality under investigation. Given the effectiveness in GCTB, this could be a promising treatment option for selected patients with advanced disease.
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Serum extracellular vesicles expressing bone activity markers associate with bone loss after HIV antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2020; 34:351-361. [PMID: 31725429 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested whether bone-related extracellular vesicle phenotypes changed after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and determined whether changes in levels of extracellular vesicles correlated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN Extracellular vesicle phenotypes were measured in blinded serum samples from 15 adults with HIV at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after ART initiation. Not all samples were available at each time point so we averaged early (TP1, 1-3 months) and late (TP2, 6-12 months) time points. METHODS Extracellular vesicles were stained for osteocalcin (OC), RANKL (CD254), RANK (CD265), M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor), and CD34. Serum OC, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) were also measured. RESULTS BMD significantly decreased from baseline to 12 months. Levels of OC+EVs, serum OC, serum P1NP, and CTx were significantly higher at early and late time points compared with baseline. Increases in EVs expressing OC, RANKL, RANK, and CD34 from baseline to TP1 were associated with decreases in total hip BMD from baseline to 12 months. Change in serum OC, P1NP, and CTx from baseline to TP1 or TP2 did not correlate with change in BMD. CONCLUSION Early changes in extracellular vesicles expressing markers of bone activity were associated with total hip bone loss 12 months after ART initiation. These data suggest that serum extracellular vesicles may serve as novel biomarkers of bone remodeling. Future studies are required to determine if extracellular vesicles contribute to the effects of ART on changes in bone turnover markers and BMD.
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Shibuya I, Takami M, Kawamoto M, Karakawa A, Nakamura S, Kamijo R. Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Distribution of RANKL-Expressing Cells and the Expression of Osteoclast-Related Markers in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Shibuya
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry
| | - Masashi Kawamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital
| | - Akiko Karakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry
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Mridha AR, Barwal I, Gupta A, Majeed A, Barwad AW, Kumar VS, Gamanagatti S, Yadav SC. Processing Techniques for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Giant Cells from Giant Cell Tumors of Bone. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1376-1382. [PMID: 31466545 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a common benign lesion that causes significant morbidity due to the failure of modern medical and surgical treatment. Surface ultra-structures of giant cells (GCs) may help in distinguishing aggressive tumors from indolent GC lesions. This study aimed to standardize scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging of GC from GCT of bone. Fresh GCT collected in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium was washed to remove blood, homogenized, or treated with collagenase to isolate the GCs. Mechanically homogenized and collagenase-digested GCs were imaged on SEM after commonly used drying methodologies such as air-drying, tetramethylsilane (TMS)-drying, freeze-drying, and critical point-drying (CPD) for the optimization of sample processing. The collagenase-treated samples yielded a greater number of isolated GC and showed better surface morphology in comparison to mechanical homogenization. Air-drying was associated with marked cell shrinkage, and freeze-dried samples showed severe cell damage. TMS methodology partially preserved the cell contour and surface structures, although the cell shape was distorted. GC images with optimum surface morphology including membrane folding and microvesicular structures on the surface were observed only in collagenase-treated and critical point-dried samples. Collagenase digestion and critical point/TMS-drying should be performed for optimal SEM imaging of individual GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Indu Barwal
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abdul Majeed
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Adarsh W Barwad
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Yadav
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Zhou Y, Xu C, Zhu W, He H, Zhang L, Tang B, Zeng Y, Tian Q, Deng HW. Long Noncoding RNA Analyses for Osteoporosis Risk in Caucasian Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:183-192. [PMID: 31073748 PMCID: PMC6712977 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone metabolic disease characterized by bone fragility. As a key pathophysiological mechanism, the disease is caused by excessive bone resorption (by osteoclasts) over bone formation (by osteoblasts). Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) is a major systemic cell model for bone metabolism by serving as progenitors of osteoclasts and producing cytokines important for osteoclastogenesis. Protein-coding genes for osteoporosis have been widely studied by mRNA analyses of PBMs in high versus low hip bone mineral density (BMD) subjects. However, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which account for a large proportion of human transcriptome, have seldom been studied. METHODS In this study, microarray analyses of monocytes were performed using Affymetrix exon 1.0 ST arrays in 73 Caucasian females (age: 47-56). LncRNA profile was generated by re-annotating exon array for lncRNAs detection, which yielded 12,007 lncRNAs mapped to the human genome. RESULTS 575 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the two groups. In the high BMD subjects, 309 lncRNAs were upregulated and 266 lncRNAs were downregulated (nominally significant, raw p-value < 0.05). To investigate the relationship between mRNAs and lncRNAs, we used two approaches to predict the target genes of lncRNAs and found that 26 candidate lncRNAs might regulate mRNA expression. The majority of these lncRNAs were further validated to be potentially correlated with BMD by GWAS analysis. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings for the first time reported the lncRNAs profiles for osteoporosis and suggested the potential regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs on protein-coding genes in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hao He
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- School of Basic Medical Science, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., RM 1619F, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Lipplaa A, Kroep JR, van der Heijden L, Jutte PC, Hogendoorn PCW, Dijkstra S, Gelderblom H. Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid in High-Risk Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial. Oncologist 2019; 24:889-e421. [PMID: 31040253 PMCID: PMC6656477 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned. Adjuvant treatment with zoledronic acid did not decrease the recurrence rate of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in this study. The efficacy could not be determined because of the small sample size. GCTB recurrences, even in the denosumab era, are still an issue; therefore, a randomized study exploring the efficacy of zoledronic acid in the adjuvant setting in GCTB is still valid.
Background. Bisphosphonates are assumed to inhibit giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB)‐associated osteoclast activity and have an apoptotic effect on the neoplastic mononuclear cell population. The primary objective of this study was to determine the 2‐year recurrence rate of high‐risk GCTB after adjuvant zoledronic acid versus standard care. Methods. In this multicenter randomized open‐label phase II trial, patients with high‐risk GCTB were included (December 2008 to October 2013). Recruitment was stopped because of low accrual after the introduction of denosumab. In the intervention group, patients received adjuvant zoledronic acid (4 mg) intravenously at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. Results. Fourteen patients were included (intervention n = 8, controls n = 6). Median follow‐up was long: 93.5 months (range, 48–111). Overall 2‐year recurrence rate was 38% (3/8) in the intervention versus 17% (1/6) in the control group (p = .58). All recurrences were seen within the first 15 months after surgery. Conclusion. Adjuvant treatment with zoledronic acid did not decrease the recurrence rate of GCTB in this study. The efficacy could not be determined because of the small sample size. Because recurrences, even in the denosumab era, are still an issue, a randomized study exploring the efficacy of zoledronic acid in the adjuvant setting in GCTB is still valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Lipplaa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Kroep
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lizz van der Heijden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Jutte
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Dijkstra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Brooks PJ, Glogauer M, McCulloch CA. An Overview of the Derivation and Function of Multinucleated Giant Cells and Their Role in Pathologic Processes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1145-1158. [PMID: 30926333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte lineage cells play important roles in health and disease. Their differentiation into macrophages is crucial for a broad array of immunologic processes that regulate inflammation, neoplasia, and infection. In certain pathologic conditions, such as foreign body reactions and peripheral inflammatory lesions, monocytes fuse to form large, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Currently, our knowledge of the fusion mechanisms of monocytes and the regulation of MGC formation and function in discrete pathologies is limited. Herein, we consider the types and function of MGCs in disease and assess the mechanisms by which monocyte fusion contributes to the formation of MGCs. An improved understanding of the cellular origins and metabolic functions of MGCs will facilitate their identification and ultimately the treatment of diseases and disorders that involve MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Brooks
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang RK, Li GW, Zeng C, Lin CX, Huang LS, Huang GX, Zhao C, Feng SY, Fang H. Mechanical stress contributes to osteoarthritis development through the activation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:587-594. [PMID: 30581556 PMCID: PMC6269596 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.bjr-2018-0057.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The role of mechanical stress and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is important in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clearly known. Methods In this study, TGF-β1 from osteoclasts and knee joints were analyzed using a co-cultured cell model and an OA rat model, respectively. Five patients with a femoral neck fracture (four female and one male, mean 73.4 years (68 to 79)) were recruited between January 2015 and December 2015. Results showed that TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated in osteoclasts by cyclic loading in a time- and dose-dependent mode. The osteoclasts were subjected to cyclic loading before being co-cultured with chondrocytes for 24 hours. Results A significant decrease in the survival rate of co-cultured chondrocytes was found. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay demonstrated that mechanical stress-induced apoptosis occurred significantly in co-cultured chondrocytes but administration of the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, SB-505124, can significantly reverse these effects. Abdominal administration of SB-505124 can attenuate markedly articular cartilage degradation in OA rats. Conclusion Mechanical stress-induced overexpression of TGF-β1 from osteoclasts is responsible for chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration in OA. Administration of a TGF-β1 inhibitor can inhibit articular cartilage degradation. Cite this article: R-K. Zhang, G-W. Li, C. Zeng, C-X. Lin, L-S. Huang, G-X. Huang, C. Zhao, S-Y. Feng, H. Fang. Mechanical stress contributes to osteoarthritis development through the activation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Bone Joint Res 2018;7:587–594. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.BJR-2018-0057.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-K Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G-W Li
- Department of Orthopaedics of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - C Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-X Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L-S Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G-X Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S-Y Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - H Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ahern E, Smyth MJ, Dougall WC, Teng MWL. Roles of the RANKL–RANK axis in antitumour immunity — implications for therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:676-693. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zdzienicki M, Dudzisz-Śledź M, Kalinowska I, Rutkowski P. Advances in the management of giant cell tumor of bone: current options and future challenges. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1512401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zdzienicki
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dudzisz-Śledź
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kalinowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
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Rehkämper J, Steinestel K, Jeiler B, Elges S, Hekeler E, Huss S, Sperveslage J, Hardes J, Streitbürger A, Gosheger G, Wardelmann E, Baumhoer D, Trautmann M, Hartmann W. Diagnostic tools in the differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions of bone at biopsy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30106-30114. [PMID: 30046391 PMCID: PMC6059026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions of bone can be challenging if radiological findings are ambiguous and tissue of the biologically deciding component is underrepresented in biopsy specimens. The frequent association of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) and chondroblastoma (CB) with (secondary) aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) may further impede correct classification. The present study evaluates the potentials and limitations of mutation-specific histone H3.3 and DOG1 immunohistochemistry, Sanger-/next generation sequencing (NGS) and FISH analysis in the differential diagnosis of 23 GCT, 14 CB and 19 ABC. All morphologically typical GCT and CB harbored mutations in the H3F3A or H3F3B gene, respectively. These were, except for one uncommon G34L mutation in a GCT, reliably and specifically detected by mutation-specific H3.3 G34W or H3.3 K36M immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing. In the diagnostic substantiation of CB, DOG1 staining was less sensitive compared to H3.3 K36M immunohistochemistry. 47% of ABC specifically showed translocations of the USP6 gene, while mutations in H3F3A/B were absent. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that mutation-specific H3.3 immunohistochemistry (selectively complemented with NGS-based DNA sequencing) and USP6 FISH analysis enable a reliable diagnostic distinction of GCT, CB and ABC of morphologically and radiologically difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rehkämper
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birte Jeiler
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sandra Elges
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Hekeler
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Sperveslage
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tumor Orthopaedics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arne Streitbürger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tumor Orthopaedics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Gosheger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tumor Orthopaedics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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37
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Lei Y. WITHDRAWN: Catalytically inactive phosphatase MTMR12 is a novel regulator of osteoclast function through F-actin ring formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018:S0925-4439(18)30212-6. [PMID: 29902551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn as it was submitted without the knowledge of several co-authors. Under journal policies, all listed authors must have provided final approval of the submitted manuscript and the Corresponding Author is asked to confirm this approval during the submission process. Several of the listed co-authors have stated that they were not involved in the drafting of the manuscript and were not made aware of their inclusion as authors. Therefore they have been removed from this record. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Bi H, Chen X, Gao S, Yu X, Xiao J, Zhang B, Liu X, Dai M. Key Triggers of Osteoclast-Related Diseases and Available Strategies for Targeted Therapies: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:234. [PMID: 29326938 PMCID: PMC5742334 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the only cells with bone resorption functions in vivo, maintain the balance of bone metabolism by cooperating with osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Excessive activity of osteoclasts causes many diseases such as osteoporosis, periprosthetic osteolysis, bone tumors, and Paget's disease. In contrast, osteopetrosis results from osteoclast deficiency. Available strategies for combating over-activated osteoclasts and the subsequently induced diseases can be categorized into three approaches: facilitating osteoclast apoptosis, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and impairing bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are representative molecules that function by triggering osteoclast apoptosis. New drugs, such as tumor necrosis factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors (e.g., denosumab) have been developed for targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B /RANKL/osteoprotegerin system or CSF-1/CSF-1R axis, which play critical roles in osteoclast formation. Furthermore, vacuolar (H+)-ATPase inhibitors, cathepsin K inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 2 impair different stages of the bone resorption process. Recently, significant achievements have been made in this field. The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary of the current progress in research involving osteoclast-related diseases and of the development of targeted inhibitors of osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Changxing County, Huzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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In Vitro Study of the Effects of Denosumab on Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Comparison with Zoledronic Acid. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 25:409-419. [PMID: 29159783 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive primary bone tumor that contains numerous osteoclasts formed from marrow-derived precursors through receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL), an osteoclast differentiation factor expressed in neoplastic cells of GCTB. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting RANKL, has recently been used for the treatment of GCTB, and superior treatment effects have been reported. The aim of this work was to elucidate the mechanism of action of denosumab, and the differences between denosumab and zoledronic acid at the level of GCTB cells. We isolated GCTB cells from 3 patients and separated them into osteoclasts, osteoclast precursors and proliferating spindle-shaped stromal cells (the true neoplastic component), and examined the action of denosumab on differentiation, survival and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Denosumab and zoledronic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation from mononuclear cells containing osteoclast precursors. Zoledronic acid inhibited osteoclast survival, whereas an inhibitory effect of denosumab on osteoclast survival was not observed. The inhibitory effect on bone resorption by both agents was confirmed in culture on dentin slices. Furthermore, zoledronic acid showed dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth of neoplastic cells whereas denosumab had no inhibitory effect on these cells. Denosumab has an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation, but no inhibitory effects on survival of osteoclasts or growth of neoplastic cells in GCTBs.
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40
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Yang Y, Fang S. Small non-coding RNAs-based bone regulation and targeting therapeutic strategies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 456:16-35. [PMID: 27888003 PMCID: PMC7116989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, which are 20-25 nucleotide ribonucleic acids, have emerged as an important transformation in the biological evolution over almost three decades. microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two significant categories of the small RNAs that exert important effects on bone endocrinology and skeletology. Therefore, clarifying the expression and function of these important molecules in bone endocrine physiology and pathology is of great significance for improving their potential therapeutic value for metabolism-associated bone diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances made in understanding the function and molecular mechanism of these small non-coding RNAs in bone metabolism, especially their potentially therapeutic values in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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41
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Chen JH, Lin CY, Chen YCM, Tian WT, Chu HM, Chang TW. Bispecific Antibody Binding To RANKL and Osteonectin with Enhanced Localization to the Bone. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4113-4120. [PMID: 28954509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutics reducing bone turnover, such as denosumab (Dmab), an anti-RANKL antibody, can provide treatments for patients with bone destruction. However, some patients with osteoporosis or localized primary bone tumors and many patients with various types of bone-metastatic cancer display unsatisfactory responses to Dmab. For achieving greater efficiency of RANKL neutralization in the bone microenvironment by enhancing the distribution of Dmab to the bone, we reengineered Dmab by fusing with single-chain variable fragments of an antibody specific for osteonectin (On), which is abundantly expressed in osseous tissues. The bispecific antibody, Dmab-FvOn, showed a similar activity as Dmab in inhibiting RANKL as examined in an osteoclast differentiation assay. When administered to mice, Dmab-FvOn was found to localize in increased proportions at the endosteum of the bone where osteonectin is abundant. Our study suggests that by linking anti-RANKL with an osteonectin-targeting moiety, a greater proportion of the therapeutic effector can be distributed in the bone. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the bispecific antibody can achieve higher therapeutic efficacy and lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tse Wen Chang
- Immunwork, Inc. , Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan
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42
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Ogura K, Hosoda F, Nakamura H, Hama N, Totoki Y, Yoshida A, Ohashi S, Rokutan H, Takai E, Yachida S, Kawai A, Tanaka S, Shibata T. Highly recurrentH3F3Amutations with additional epigenetic regulator alterations in giant cell tumor of bone. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:711-718. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ogura
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; National Cancer Center Hospital; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumie Hosoda
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Natsuko Hama
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Yasushi Totoki
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories; National Cancer Center Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoko Ohashi
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Rokutan
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Erina Takai
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; National Cancer Center Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics; National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo; Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
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43
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Mancini I, Righi A, Gambarotti M, Picci P, Dei Tos AP, Billings SD, Simi L, Franchi A. Phenotypic and molecular differences between giant-cell tumour of soft tissue and its bone counterpart. Histopathology 2017; 71:453-460. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Alberto Righi
- Department of Pathology; Rizzoli Institute; Bologna Italy
| | | | - Piero Picci
- Department of Pathology; Rizzoli Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Angelo P Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine; University of Padua School of Medicine; Padua Italy
| | | | - Lisa Simi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Alessandro Franchi
- Section of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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Muheremu A, Ma Y, Huang Z, Shan H, Li Y, Niu X. Diagnosing giant cell tumor of the bone using positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A retrospective study of 20 patients from a single center. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1985-1988. [PMID: 28781642 PMCID: PMC5530223 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) using the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), which indicates the metabolic rate of tissue. Patients diagnosed with pathologically confirmed GCTB between January 2006 and July 2015 were included in the study. Data from PET/CT scans and pathological and clinical reports for all patients were retrospectively reviewed. The SUVmax value from the PET/CT scan of each patient was retrieved and analyzed. A total of 20 patients [12 male and 8 female; age range, 12–45 years; mean age ± standard deviation (SD), 33.5±15.7] with complete PET/CT data and a pathologically and clinically confirmed diagnosis were examined. The SUVmax of GCTB was between 1.8 and 18.6, with a mean ± SD of 9.2±3.8. Although GCTB is not considered to be a malignant lesion, PET/CT scans of the tumors reveal high-grade malignant osseous sarcomas. It is, therefore, important not to mistake such lesions for osteosarcomas or metastatic malignancies of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikeremujiang Muheremu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Huachao Shan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
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45
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Deveci MA, Paydaş S, Gönlüşen G, Özkan C, Biçer ÖS, Tekin M. Clinical and pathological results of denosumab treatment for giant cell tumors of bone: Prospective study of 14 cases. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2017; 51:1-6. [PMID: 27784623 PMCID: PMC6197547 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a primary, osteolytic, benign tumor of the bone. Surgery is the commonly used treatment; however, recurrence remains a problem. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANKL) is responsible for the formation of osteoclastic cells. Discovery of RANKL and its human monoclonal antibody, denosumab, led to use of denosumab for treatment of GCT. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and pathological results of treatment of GCT with denosumab and to assess adverse effect profile and recurrence rate. Methods Thirteen patients with 14 lesions were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 38.3 years. Patients were given subcutaneous injections of denosumab (120 mg) every 4 weeks (with additional doses on days 0, 8 and 15 in cycle 1 only) and were radiologically evaluated for tumor response. Pain and functional status were measured using Visual Analog Score (VAS) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS). Adverse effects were analyzed after each cycle. Results Participants were 5 men and 8 women. Mean follow-up was 17 months. One lesion was Campanacci grade I, 8 were grade II, and 5 were grade III. Eight lesions were recurrent, and remaining were primary lesions. After average of 9 cycles (range: 4–17 cycles), all tumors underwent radiological regression. Ten lesions were removed surgically. More than 90% of giant cells were found to have regressed in all pathological specimens. On last follow-up, average VAS was 1 and MSTS was 87%. Fatigue and joint and muscle pain after injections was reported by 46% of patients, and mild hypocalcaemia was seen in 1 patient. Conclusion Denosumab has been shown to be a successful drug in treatment of GCT. Denosumab can be used as neoadjuvant for all recurrent lesions, grade II lesions with high surgical risk, grade III lesions, and metastatic cases of GCT. Level of evidence Level IV, Therapeutic study
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46
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Neurological Recovery in Two Patients with Cauda Equina Syndrome Secondary to L5 Lumbar Spine Giant Cell Tumour after Treatment with Denosumab without Surgery. Asian Spine J 2016; 10:945-949. [PMID: 27790326 PMCID: PMC5081333 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.5.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES) secondary to L5 giant cell tumour (GCT) who achieved good neurological recovery after treatment with denosumab without surgery. The first patient was a 26-year-old man with L5 GCT causing CES who regained bowel and urinary control, muscle power improvement from grade 2 to grade 4 and Oswestry disability index (ODI) improvement from 48 to 23 after denosumab treatment. The second patient was a 25-year-old woman with L5 GCT causing CES who regained bowel and urinary control, muscle power improvement from grade 0 to grade 4 and ODI improvement from 42 to 20 after denosumab treatment. The usage of denosumab in the treatment of patients with CES due to GCT allows potential neurological recovery without any surgical intervention. If surgery is not contraindicated, more time is obtained to prepare the patient preoperatively to attain safer surgery and to achieve complete tumour clearance.
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47
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RANK Expression and Osteoclastogenesis in Human Monocytes in Peripheral Blood from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4874195. [PMID: 27822475 PMCID: PMC5086380 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4874195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) appears as inflammation of synovial tissue and joint destruction. Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and a receptor for the RANK ligand (RANKL). In this study, we examined the expression of RANKhigh and CCR6 on CD14+ monocytes from patients with RA and healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from both the RA patients and the healthy volunteers. Osteoclastogenesis from monocytes was induced by RANKL and M-CSF in vitro. To study the expression of RANKhigh and CCR6 on CD14+ monocytes, two-color flow cytometry was performed. Levels of expression of RANK on monocytes were significantly correlated with the level of osteoclastogenesis in the healthy volunteers. The expression of RANKhigh on CD14+ monocyte in RA patients without treatment was elevated and that in those receiving treatment was decreased. In addition, the high-level expression of RANK on CD14+ monocytes was correlated with the high-level expression of CCR6 in healthy volunteers. Monocytes expressing both RANK and CCR6 differentiate into osteoclasts. The expression of CD14+RANKhigh in untreated RA patients was elevated. RANK and CCR6 expressed on monocytes may be novel targets for the regulation of bone resorption in RA and osteoporosis.
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48
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Krejsek J, Koláčková M, Lonský V, Trojáčková Kudlová M, Manďák J, Kuneš P, Jankovičová K, Vlášková D, Andrýs C. RANK/RANKL Expression Is Induced by Cardiac Surgical Operation. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2016. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cardiac surgery provokes a systemic inflammatory response in any patient. This complex body reaction involves also RANK/RANKL molecules which have been recently identified as principal regulators of bone metabolism. Aims: To follow the changes in the expression of RANK/RANKL molecules on innate immune cells of cardiac surgical patients. Patients and Methods: Twenty-six patients undergoing cardiac surgical were assigned to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting using either cardiopulmonary bypass (“on-pump”) or modified “miniinvasive on-pump”. The expression of RANK/RANKL was performed by flow cytometry. Results: Significantly increased expression of RANK on monocytes of “miniinvasive on-pump” patients was found at the 1st, the 3nd, and 7th postoperative days. The similar pattern was found also for monocyte RANKL expression. In addition, RANKL expression was significantly increased at the 3rd postoperative day in “on-pump” patient. No significant differences between “miniinvasive on-pump” and “on-pump” cardiac surgical patients were found. Conclusion: The expression of both RANK and RANKL molecules is significantly enhanced on monocytes of “miniinvasive on-pump” cardiac surgical patients.
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49
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Gaston CL, Grimer RJ, Parry M, Stacchiotti S, Dei Tos AP, Gelderblom H, Ferrari S, Baldi GG, Jones RL, Chawla S, Casali P, LeCesne A, Blay JY, Dijkstra SPD, Thomas DM, Rutkowski P. Current status and unanswered questions on the use of Denosumab in giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Sarcoma Res 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 27651889 PMCID: PMC5022265 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-016-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand approved for use in giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone. Due to its efficacy, Denosumab is recommended as the first option in inoperable or metastatic GCT. Denosumab has also been used pre-operatively to downstage tumours with large soft tissue extension to allow for less morbid surgery. The role of Denosumab for conventional limb GCT of bone is yet to be defined. Further studies are required to determine whether local recurrence rates will be decreased with the adjuvant use of Denosumab along with surgery. The long term use and toxicity of this agent is unknown as is the proportion of patients with primary or secondary resistance. It is advised that complicated cases of GCT requiring Denosumab treatment should be referred and followed up at expert centres. Collaborative studies involving further clinical trials and rigorous data collection are strongly recommended to identify the optimum use of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Czar Louie Gaston
- Oncology Service, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP UK
| | - Robert J Grimer
- Oncology Service, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP UK
| | - Michael Parry
- Oncology Service, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP UK
| | - Silvia Stacchiotti
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giacomo G Baldi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, S. Stefano Civil Hospital, Prato, Italy
| | - Robin L Jones
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sant Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Paolo Casali
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Oncogenic events combined with a favourable environment are the two main factors in the oncological process. The tumour microenvironment is composed of a complex, interconnected network of protagonists, including soluble factors such as cytokines, extracellular matrix components, interacting with fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and various specific cell types depending on the location of the cancer cells (e.g. pulmonary epithelium, osteoblasts). This diversity defines specific "niches" (e.g. vascular, immune, bone niches) involved in tumour growth and the metastatic process. These actors communicate together by direct intercellular communications and/or in an autocrine/paracrine/endocrine manner involving cytokines and growth factors. Among these glycoproteins, RANKL (receptor activator nuclear factor-κB ligand) and its receptor RANK (receptor activator nuclear factor), members of the TNF and TNFR superfamilies, have stimulated the interest of the scientific community. RANK is frequently expressed by cancer cells in contrast with RANKL which is frequently detected in the tumour microenvironment and together they participate in every step in cancer development. Their activities are markedly regulated by osteoprotegerin (OPG, a soluble decoy receptor) and its ligands, and by LGR4, a membrane receptor able to bind RANKL. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the functional implication of the RANK/RANKL system in cancer development, and to underline the most recent clinical studies.
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