1
|
Hou X, Tian F. STAT3-mediated osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35879773 PMCID: PMC9310501 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease with marked bone loss, deterioration of the bone microstructure and bone fragility. An abnormal bone remodelling cycle with relatively increased bone resorption is the crucial pathophysiological mechanism. Bone remodelling is predominantly controlled by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are specialized cell types that are regulated by a variety of osteogenic and osteoclastic factors, including cytokines expressed within the bone microenvironment under local or systemic inflammatory conditions. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a prominent role in the communication between cytokines and kinases by binding downstream gene promotors and is involved in a wide range of biological or pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that STAT3 and its network participate in bone remodelling and the development of osteoporosis, and this factor may be a potent target for osteoporosis treatment. This review focuses on the role and molecular mechanism of the STAT3 signalling pathway in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis, particularly the bone-related cytokines that regulate the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and the osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow macrophages by initiating STAT3 signalling. This review also examines the cellular interactions among immune cells, haematopoietic cells and osteoblastic/osteoclastic cells. Video abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hou
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dis, Bohai Road 21, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Caofeidian Dis, Bohai Road 21, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sinnott-Armstrong N, Sousa IS, Laber S, Rendina-Ruedy E, Nitter Dankel SE, Ferreira T, Mellgren G, Karasik D, Rivas M, Pritchard J, Guntur AR, Cox RD, Lindgren CM, Hauner H, Sallari R, Rosen CJ, Hsu YH, Lander ES, Kiel DP, Claussnitzer M. A regulatory variant at 3q21.1 confers an increased pleiotropic risk for hyperglycemia and altered bone mineral density. Cell Metab 2021; 33:615-628.e13. [PMID: 33513366 PMCID: PMC7928941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal and glycemic traits have shared etiology, but the underlying genetic factors remain largely unknown. To identify genetic loci that may have pleiotropic effects, we studied Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for bone mineral density and glycemic traits and identified a bivariate risk locus at 3q21. Using sequence and epigenetic modeling, we prioritized an adenylate cyclase 5 (ADCY5) intronic causal variant, rs56371916. This SNP changes the binding affinity of SREBP1 and leads to differential ADCY5 gene expression, altering the chromatin landscape from poised to repressed. These alterations result in bone- and type 2 diabetes-relevant cell-autonomous changes in lipid metabolism in osteoblasts and adipocytes. We validated our findings by directly manipulating the regulator SREBP1, the target gene ADCY5, and the variant rs56371916, which together imply a novel link between fatty acid oxidation and osteoblast differentiation. Our work, by systematic functional dissection of pleiotropic GWAS loci, represents a framework to uncover biological mechanisms affecting pleiotropic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 CA, USA
| | - Isabel S Sousa
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Samantha Laber
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Simon E Nitter Dankel
- University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gunnar Mellgren
- University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; Faculty of Medicine of the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Manuel Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Roger D Cox
- Medical Research Council Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group "Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes" of the German Center of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Richard Sallari
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cell Circuits and Epigenomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA; University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Science, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, Yang J, He Z, Cui J, Yang Y, Xu M, Qu X, Zhao N, Yan M, Li H, Yu Z. Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity Affect Bone Remodeling Upon Regulation by Mechanical Loading-Induced Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Osteocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:585056. [PMID: 33324677 PMCID: PMC7726425 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.585056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone remodeling is affected by mechanical stimulation. Osteocytes are the primary mechanical load-sensing cells in the bone, and can regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity, thus playing a key role in bone remodeling. Further, bone mass during exercise is also regulated by Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). This study aimed to investigate the role of LIF in the mechanical response of the bone, in vivo and in vitro, and to elucidate the mechanism by which osteocytes secrete LIF to regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Methods A tail-suspension (TS) mouse model was used in this study to mimic muscular disuse. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect bone and serum LIF levels. Micro-computed tomography (CT) of the mouse femurs was performed to measure three-dimensional bone structure parameters. Fluid shear stress (FSS) and microgravity simulation experiments were performed to study mechanical stress-induced LIF secretion and its resultant effects. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured to induce in vitro osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. Results Micro-CT results showed that TS mice exhibited deteriorated bone microstructure and lower serum LIF expression. LIF secretion by osteocytes was promoted by FSS and was repressed in a microgravity environment. Further experiments showed that LIF could elevate the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in BMM-derived osteoclasts through the STAT3 signaling pathway. LIF also enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining and osteogenesis-related gene expression during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Conclusion Mechanical loading affected LIF expression levels in osteocytes, thereby altering the balance between osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengning Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McGregor NE, Poulton IJ, Walker EC, Sims NA. Testing Bone Formation Induction by Calvarial Injection Assay in vivo. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3560. [PMID: 33659531 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation occurs during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and during the process of skeletal renewal throughout life. In the process of bone formation, osteoblasts lay down a collagen-containing matrix, termed osteoid, which is gradually hardened by incorporation of mineral crystals. Although osteoblasts can be induced to differentiate and to deposit mineral in culture, this system does not always provide results that reflect the ability of agents to stimulate bone formation in vivo. This protocol describes a rapid and reliable method for testing local administration of agents on bone formation in vivo. In this method, mice are injected with the agent of question for 5 successive days. Fluorochrome labels are injected prior to, and after agents used for testing, and samples are collected and analysed by undecalcified bone histology and histomorphometry. This provides a robust method for assessing the ability of agents to stimulate bone formation, and if a short-term modification is used, can also be used for testing gene responses in bone to the same stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narelle E McGregor
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma C Walker
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Understanding the functional role of genistein in the bone differentiation in mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 by RNA-seq analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3257. [PMID: 29459627 PMCID: PMC5818530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a phyto-estrogen, can potentially replace endogenous estrogens in postmenopausal women, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. To obtain insight into the effect of genistein on bone differentiation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in genistein-treated vs. untreated MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells. Osteoblastic cell differentiation was monitored by measuring osteoblast differentiation factors (ALP production, bone mineralization, and expression of osteoblast differentiation markers). From RNA-seq analysis, a total of 132 DEGs (including 52 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes) were identified in genistein-treated cells (FDR q-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5). KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed to estimate the biological functions of DEGs and demonstrated that these DEGs were highly enriched in functions related to chemotactic cytokines. The functional relevance of DEGs to genistein-induced osteoblastic cell differentiation was further evaluated by siRNA-mediated knockdown in MC3T3-E1 cells. These siRNA knockdown experiments (of the DEGs validated by real-time qPCR) demonstrated that two up-regulated genes (Ereg and Efcab2) enhance osteoblastic cell differentiation, while three down-regulated genes (Hrc, Gli, and Ifitm5) suppress the differentiation. These results imply their major functional roles in bone differentiation regulated by genistein.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mendi AH, Gökçınar Yağcı B, Sarac N, Kızıloğlu M, Yılmaz D, Uçkan D. Effect of Ocimum basilicum on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation: Does the effect change according to niches? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2017. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.356244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
7
|
Guan D, Tian H. Integrated network analysis to explore the key genes regulated by parathyroid hormone receptor 1 in osteosarcoma. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:177. [PMID: 28934958 PMCID: PMC5609044 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an invasive malignant tumor, osteosarcoma (OS) has high mortality. Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) contributes to maintaining proliferation and undifferentiated state of OS. This study is designed to reveal the action mechanisms of PTHR1 in OS. Methods Microarray dataset GSE46861, which included six PTHR1 knockdown OS samples and six control OS samples, was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and then performed with enrichment analysis separately using the limma package and DAVID online tool. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses were conducted using Cytoscape software. Using the WebGestalt tool, microRNAs (miRNAs) were predicted for the DEGs involved in the PPI network. Following this, transcription factors (TFs) were predicted and an integrated network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Results There were 871 DEGs in the PTHR1 knockdown OS samples compared with the control OS samples. Besides, upregulated ZFPM2 was involved in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. Moreover, TF LEF1 was predicted for the miRNA-DEG regulatory network of the downregulated genes. In addition, LEF1, NR4A2, HAS2, and RHOC had higher degrees in the integrated network. Conclusions ZFPM2, LEF1, NR4A2, HAS2, and RHOC might be potential targets of PTHR1 in OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jinshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Honglai Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jinshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong, 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu C, Jiang D. High glucose-induced LIF suppresses osteoblast differentiation via regulating STAT3/SOCS3 signaling. Cytokine 2017; 91:132-139. [PMID: 28064096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High glucose (HG) is conceived to regulate bone metabolism in patients with diabetic mellitus (DM). In the present study, we examined the level of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a pleiotropic cytokine in interleukin (IL)-6 family, in T2DM patients and investigated the regulation by HG on the induction of LIF/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Then we determined the regulation of HG and LIF on the osteoblast differentiation via measuring the ALP activity, matrix mineralization, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) in human osteoblast MG-63 cells. In addition, we evaluated the dependence of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)/STAT3 signaling in the progress. Results indicated significantly higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), IL-1β, IL-6 and LIF in T2DM patients. HG induced markedly higher levels of these cytokines in vitro. Furthermore, either HG or LIF reduced the expression of ALP, OCN and RUNX2 in both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, LIF markedly promoted the expression of SOCS3, significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 in MG-63 cells; and the downregulation of the four osteogenic differentiation-associated markers were restored by 50 or 100nM STAT3 inhibitor, JSI-124. In summary, this study has shown that LIF is implicated in the HG-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation, via promoting STAT3/SOCS3 signaling. This study may provide insights into the signal pathway of HG-induced bone loss or delayed injured joint healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changlu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen KL, Yeh YY, Lung J, Yang YC, Yuan K. Mineralization Effect of Hyaluronan on Dental Pulp Cells via CD44. J Endod 2016; 42:711-6. [PMID: 26975415 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD44 is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in various cellular functions. Recent studies have suggested that CD44 is involved in early mineralization of odontoblasts. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the principal ligand for receptor CD44. Whether and how HA regulated the mineralization process of dental pulp cells were investigated. METHODS The effects of high-molecular-weight HA on differentiation and mineral deposition of dental pulp cells were tested by using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red S staining. Osteogenesis real-time polymerase chain reaction array, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting were performed to identify downstream molecules involved in the mineralization induction of HA. CD44 was knocked down and examined to confirm whether the mineralization effect of HA was mediated by receptor CD44. Immunohistochemistry was used to understand the localization patterns of CD44 and the identified downstream proteins in vivo. RESULTS Pulse treatment of HA enhanced ALP activity and mineral deposition in dental pulp cells. Tissue-nonspecific ALP, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), and type XV collagen (Col15A1) were upregulated via the HA-CD44 pathway in vitro. Immunohistochemistry of tooth sections showed that the staining pattern of BMP7 was very similar to that of CD44. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicated that high-molecular-weight HA enhanced early mineralization of dental pulp cells mediated via CD44. The process involved important mineralization-associated molecules including tissue-nonspecific ALP, BMP7, and Col15A1. The findings may help develop new strategies in regenerative endodontics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Liang Chen
- Department of Endodontics, ChiMei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Min-Hwei College of Healthcare Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jrhau Lung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Yang
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Yuan
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The fate of both endogenous and transplanted stem cells is dependent on the functional status of the regulatory local microenvironment, which is compromised by disease and therapeutic intervention. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of the hematopoietic microenvironment. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of HA in regulating mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelium in bone marrow (BM) and their crosstalk within the hematopoietic microenvironment. HA not only determines the volume, hydration, and microfluidics of the BM interstitial space, but also, via interactions with specific receptors, regulates multiple cell functions including differentiation, migration, and production of regulatory factors. The effects of HA are dependent on the polymer size and are influenced by the formation of complexes with other molecules. In healthy BM, HA synthases and hyaluronidases form a molecular network that maintains extracellular HA levels within a discrete physiological window, but HA homeostasis is often perturbed in pathological conditions, including hematological malignancies. Recent studies have suggested that HA synthases may have functions beyond HA production and contribute to the intracellular regulatory machinery. We discuss a possible role for HA synthases, intracellular and extracellular HA in the malignant BM microenvironment, and resistance to therapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Oncostatin M regulates osteogenic differentiation of murine adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells through a PKCdelta-dependent mechanism. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:309-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Absorption, distribution and mechanism of action of SYSADOAS. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:362-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
Matsushita K, Itoh S, Ikeda S, Yamamoto Y, Yamauchi Y, Hayashi M. LIF/STAT3/SOCS3 Signaling Pathway in Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Suppresses Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1262-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsushita
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Osaka Japan
| | - Shousaku Itoh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Osaka Japan
| | - Shun Ikeda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Osaka Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Osaka Japan
| | - Yukako Yamauchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Osaka Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gene expression profile associated with the reversine-mediated transdifferentiation of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells into osteoblasts. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-013-7311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
The Role of HA and Has2 in the Development and Function of the Skeleton. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35935-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
16
|
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a soluble interleukin-6 family cytokine that regulates a number of physiologic functions, including normal skeletal remodeling. LIF signals through the cytokine co-receptor glycoprotein-130 in complex with its cytokine-specific receptor [LIF receptor (LIFR)] to activate signaling cascades in cells of the skeletal system, including stromal cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, and synovial fibroblasts. LIF action on skeletal cells is cell-type specific, and frequently dependent on the state of cell differentiation. This review describes the expression patterns of LIF and LIFR in bone, their regulation by physiological and inflammatory agents, as well as cell-specific influences of LIF on osteoblast, osteoclast, chondrocyte, and adipocyte differentiation. The actions of LIF in normal skeletal growth and maintenance, in pathological states (e.g. autocrine tumor cell signaling and growth in bone) and inflammatory conditions (e.g. arthritis) will be discussed, as well as the signaling pathways activated by LIF and their importance in bone formation and resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Atari M, Caballé-Serrano J, Gil-Recio C, Giner-Delgado C, Martínez-Sarrà E, García-Fernández DA, Barajas M, Hernández-Alfaro F, Ferrés-Padró E, Giner-Tarrida L. The enhancement of osteogenesis through the use of dental pulp pluripotent stem cells in 3D. Bone 2012; 50:930-41. [PMID: 22270057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPMSCs) in vitro and in vivo has been well documented in a variety of studies. Previously, we obtained a population of cells from human dental pulp called dental pulp pluripotent stem cells (DPPSCs) that could differentiate into mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal progenies. We compared the osteogenic capacity of DPPSCs and DPMSCs that had been isolated from the same donors (N=5) and cultivated in the same osteogenic medium in 3D (three dimensions) Cell Carrier glass scaffolds. We also compared the architecture of bone-like tissue obtained from DPPSCs and human maxillary bone tissue. Differentiation was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the expression of bone markers such as ALP, Osteocalcin, COLL1 and Osteonectin was investigated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We also used calcium quantification, Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity to compare the two cell types. New bone tissue formed by DPPSCs was in perfect continuity with the trabecular host bone structure, and the restored bone network demonstrated high interconnectivity. Significant differences between DPPSCs and DPMSCs were observed for the expression of bone markers, calcium deposition and ALP activity during osteogenic differentiation; these criteria were higher for DPPSCs than DPMSCs. Both DPPSCs and differentiated tissue showed normal chromosomal dosage after being cultured in vitro and analysed using short-chromosome genomic hybridisation (short-CGH). This study demonstrates the stability and potential for the use of DPPSCs in bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Atari
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liang Y, Zhou Y, Jiang T, Zhang Z, Wang S, Wang Y. Expression of LIF and LIFR in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2011; 81:600-8. [PMID: 21446866 DOI: 10.2319/102510-622.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and LIF receptor (LIFR) are expressed in periodontal tissue and that their expression may be upregulated during orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forces of 0.3 N were applied to move the upper left first molars mesially in 24 rats. These forces were kept constant for 3, 7, and 14 days and followed by animal sacrifice. The contralateral molars served as control. The rate of tooth movement was measured by Image J software. Paraffin-embedded sections of the upper jaws were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical analysis to test the LIF and LIFR expression. RESULTS Loaded teeth showed a significantly higher rate of tooth movement. The periodontium of the moved teeth experienced tissue remodeling, while there was no obvious change in the contralateral controls. Furthermore, LIF and LIFR were expressed in the periodontal tissue, and there were statistically significant differences between the loaded and unloaded teeth at 3 and 14 days. LIF presented significantly higher expression on the tension side compared with the pressure side at 3 days. CONCLUSION Both LIF and LIFR exist in the periodontal tissue, and continuous orthodontic forces induce the upregulation of LIF/LIFR production, suggesting that LIF/LIFR may play important roles in periodontium remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youde Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Hospital and School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim J, Kim IS, Cho TH, Kim HC, Yoon SJ, Choi J, Park Y, Sun K, Hwang SJ. In vivo evaluation of MMP sensitive high-molecular weight HA-based hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 95:673-81. [PMID: 20725983 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (170 kDa)-based hydrogel was synthesized using acrylated hyaluronic acid (HA) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) sensitive HA-based hydrogels were then prepared by conjugation with two different peptides: cell adhesion peptides containing integrin-binding domains (Arg-Gly-Asp: RGD) and a cross-linker with MMP degradable peptides to mimic the remodeling characteristics of natural extracellular matrices by cell-derived MMPs. Mechanical properties of these hydrogels were evaluated with different weight percentages (2.5 and 3.5 wt %) by measuring elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and swelling ratio. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were then cultured in MMP-sensitive or insensitive HA-based hydrogels and/or immobilized cell adhesive RGD peptides in vitro. Actin staining and image analysis proved that cells cultured in the MMP-sensitive hydrogel with RGD peptides showed extensive cell spreading and sprouting. Gene expression analysis showed that bone specific genes such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin increased in MMP-sensitive hydrogels as biomolecules such as BMPs and cells were added in the gels. For in vivo calvarial defect regeneration, five different samples (MMP insensitive hydrogel, MMP sensitive hydrogel, MMP sensitive hydrogel with BMP-2, MMP sensitive hydrogel with hMSC, and MMP sensitive hydrogel with BMP-2 and hMSC) were prepared. After 4 weeks of implantation, the Masson-Trichrome staining and micro computed tomography scan results demonstrated that the MMP sensitive hydrogels with BMP-2 and hMSCs have the highest mature bone formation. The MMP sensitive HA-based hydrogel could become useful scaffolds in bone tissue engineering with improvements on tissue remodeling rates and regeneration activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungju Kim
- Biomedical Engineering, Brain Korea 21, 2nd Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University Medical College, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moffatt P, Lee ER, St-Jacques B, Matsumoto K, Yamaguchi Y, Roughley PJ. Hyaluronan production by means of Has2 gene expression in chondrocytes is essential for long bone development. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:404-12. [PMID: 21246657 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice possessing no Has2 expression in chondrocytes died near birth and displayed abnormalities throughout their skeleton. By embryonic day 18.5, the long bones were short and wide, and possessed excessive mineralization within their diaphysis, with little evidence of diaphyseal bone modeling. However, this does not appear to be associated with an absence of blood vessel invasion or the reduced presence of osteoclasts. There was no evidence for the formation of an organized growth plate between the epiphysis and diaphysis, and while hypertrophic chondrocytes were present in this region they were abnormal in both appearance and organization. There was also increased cellularity in the epiphyseal cartilage and a corresponding decrease in the abundance of extracellular matrix, but aggrecan was still present. Thus, hyaluronan production by chondrocytes is not only essential for formation of an organized growth plate and subsequent long bone growth but also for normal modeling of the diaphyseal bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Moffatt
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hyaluronan blocks oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation and remyelination through TLR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11555-60. [PMID: 20534434 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006496107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of remyelination is largely responsible for sustained neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS lesions contain hyaluronan deposits that inhibit oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) maturation. However, the mechanism behind this inhibition is unclear. We report here that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is expressed by oligodendrocytes and is up-regulated in MS lesions. Pathogen-derived TLR2 agonists, but not agonists for other TLRs, inhibit OPC maturation in vitro. Hyaluronan-mediated inhibition of OPC maturation requires TLR2 and MyD88, a TLR2 adaptor molecule. Ablated expression of TLR2 also enhances remyelination in a lysolecithin animal model. Hyaluronidases expressed by OPCs degrade hyaluronan to hyaluronan oligomers, a requirement for hyaluronan/TLR2 signaling. MS lesions contain both TLR2(+) oligodendrocytes and low-molecular-weight hyaluronan, consistent with their importance to remyelination in MS. We thus have defined a mechanism controlling remyelination failure in MS where hyaluronan is degraded by hyaluronidases into hyaluronan oligomers that block OPC maturation and remyelination through TLR2-MyD88 signaling.
Collapse
|
22
|
Esposito MT, Di Noto R, Mirabelli P, Gorrese M, Parisi S, Montanaro D, Del Vecchio L, Pastore L. Culture conditions allow selection of different mesenchymal progenitors from adult mouse bone marrow. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2525-36. [PMID: 19298168 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of adult stem cells in tissue engineering approaches will benefit from the establishment of culture conditions that allow the expansion and maintenance of cells with stem cell-like activity and high differentiation potential. In the field of adult stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are promising candidates. In the present study, we define, for the first time, conditions for optimizing the yields of cultures enriched for specific progenitors of bone marrow. Using four distinct culture conditions, supernatants from culture of bone fragments, marrow stroma cell line MS-5, embryonic fibroblast cell line NIH3T3, and a cocktail of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), we isolated four different sub-populations of murine BMSCs (mBMSCs). These cells express a well-known marker of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (Nanog) and show interesting features in immunophenotype, self-renewal ability, and differentiation potency. In particular, using NIH3T3 conditioned medium, we obtained cells that showed impairment in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation while retaining high adipogenic potential during passages. Our results indicate that the choice of the medium used for isolation and expansion of mBMSCs is important for enriching the culture of desired specific progenitors.
Collapse
|
23
|
Blanchard F, Duplomb L, Baud'huin M, Brounais B. The dual role of IL-6-type cytokines on bone remodeling and bone tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2008; 20:19-28. [PMID: 19038573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many factors such as vitamins, hormones and cytokines, control bone metabolism and remodeling. Cytokines of the interleukin-6 family, by acting on bone cells (i.e. osteoblasts and osteoclasts), have an important role in the bone tissue but they recently appeared as double-edged swords. They sustain bone formation but they can also drive bone loss in various osteolytic pathologies. Similarly, development of bone cancers can be either prevented or enhanced by these cytokines, depending on the cell type, the stage of the tumor and the bone environment. This dual effect is also apparent at the level of the signal transducer and activator of transcription and the mitogen-activated protein kinases, the two main signaling pathways that mediate opposite effects in bone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Blanchard
- INSERM, ERI, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|