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Li X, Pang W, Fan H, Wang H, Zhang L. FRZB affects Staphylococcus aureus‑induced osteomyelitis in human bone marrow derived stem cells by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:531. [PMID: 37869648 PMCID: PMC10587868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease of bone tissue caused by bacterial infection, which can infect through hematogenous, traumatic or secondary ways and then lead to acute or chronic bone injury and relative clinical symptoms, bringing physical injury and economic burden to patients. Frizzled related protein (FRZB) participates in the regulation of various diseases (osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases and types of cancer) by regulating cell proliferation, motility, differentiation and inflammation, while its function in osteomyelitis remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to uncover the role and underlying mechanism of FRZB mediation in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced osteomyelitis. Human bone marrow derived stem cells (hBMSCs) were treated with S. aureus to imitate an inflammatory osteomyelitis micro-environment in vitro, then mRNA and protein expression were severally assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. The activity, apoptosis and differentiation of the cells were characterized via CCK-8, caspase-3 activity and Alizarin red sulfate/alkaline phosphatase staining, respectively. Expression levels of FRZB were upregulated in S. aureus-infected hBMSCs. Over-expression of FRZB significantly reduced hBMSC cell viability and differentiation while promoting cell apoptosis with or without S. aureus infection. However, FRZB knockdown reversed these effects. Once Wnt was impeded, the effect of FRZB downregulation was impeded to a great extent. Taken together, FRZB participated to regulate the osteomyelitis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Pang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Leibing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
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Yagi H, Takahata Y, Murakami T, Nakaminami Y, Hagino H, Yamamoto S, Murakami S, Hata K, Nishimura R. Transcriptional regulation of FRZB in chondrocytes by Osterix and Msx2. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:723-734. [PMID: 35763224 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that causes destruction of articular cartilage and severe inflammation surrounding knee and hip joints. However, to date, effective therapeutic reagents for osteoarthritis have not been developed because the underlying molecular mechanisms are complex. Recent genetic findings suggest that a Wnt antagonist, frizzled-related protein B (FRZB), is a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the transcriptional regulation of FRZB in chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frzb/FRZB expression was assessed by RT-qPCR analyses in murine articular chondrocytes and SW1353 chondrocyte cell line. Overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed using adenovirus and lentivirus, respectively. Luciferase-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed for determining transcriptional regulation. Protein-protein interaction was determined by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS Frzb was highly expressed in cartilages, especially within articular chondrocytes. Interleukin-1α markedly reduced Frzb expression in articular chondrocytes in association with cartilage destruction and increases in ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (Adamts) 4 and Adamts5 expression. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) increased FRZB expression in SW1353 cells through Smad signaling. Osterix and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2), both of which function as downstream transcription factors of BMP2, induced FRZB expression and upregulated its promoter activity. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed a physical interaction between Osterix and Msx2. Knockdown of either Osterix or Msx2 inhibited BMP2-dependent FRZB expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated a direct association of Osterix and Msx2 with the FRZB gene promoter. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BMP2 regulates FRZB expression through Osterix and Msx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakaminami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hagino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Ye X, Jiang J, Yang J, Yan W, Jiang L, Chen Y. Specnuezhenide suppresses diabetes-induced bone loss by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1080-1089. [PMID: 35929595 PMCID: PMC9827798 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes osteoporosis is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with osteoclast formation and enhanced bone resorption. Specnuezhenide (SPN) is an active compound with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, the roles of SPN in diabetic osteoporosis remain unknown. In this study, primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were pretreated with SPN and were stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL; 50 ng/mL) to induce osteoclastogenesis. The number of osteoclasts was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The protein levels of cellular oncogene fos/nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (c-Fos/NFATc1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were evaluated by western blot analysis. NF-κB luciferase assays were used to examine the role of SPN in NF-κB activation. The DM model group received a high-glucose, high-fat diet and was then intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ). Micro-CT scanning, serum biochemical analysis, histological analysis were used to assess bone loss. We found that SPN suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and that SPN inhibited the expression of osteoclast-related genes and c-Fos/ NFATc1. SPN inhibited RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. In vivo experiments revealed that SPN suppressed diabetes-induced bone loss and the number of osteoclasts. Furthermore, SPN decreased the levels of bone turnover markers and increased the levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). SPN also regulated diabetes-related markers. This study suggests that SPN suppresses diabetes-induced bone loss by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, and provides an experimental basis for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Yang
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
| | - Wenyan Yan
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
| | - Luyue Jiang
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
| | - Yan Chen
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
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Sun L, Cao Y, Kong Q, Huang X, Yu Z, Sun D, Ren W, Yang G, Xu S. Over-expression of the bottlenose dolphin Hoxd13 gene in zebrafish provides new insights into the cetacean flipper formation. Genomics 2021; 113:2925-2933. [PMID: 34166750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cetaceans have evolved elongated soft-tissue flipper with digits made of hyperphalangy. Cetaceans were found to have 2-3 more alanine residues in Hoxd13 than other mammals, which were suggested to be related to their flipper. However, how Hoxd13 regulates other genes and induces hyperphalangy in cetaceans remain poorly understood. Here, we overexpressed the bottlenose dolphin Hoxd13 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Combined with transcriptome data and evolutionary analyses, our results revealed that the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) and Hedgehog signaling pathways and multiple genes might regulate hyperphalangy development in cetaceans. Meanwhile, the Notch and mitogen-activated protein kinase (Mapk) signaling pathways and Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) are probably correlated with interdigital tissues retained in the cetacean flipper. In conclusion, this is the first study to use a transgenic zebrafish to explore the molecular evolution of Hoxd13 in cetaceans, and it provides new insights into cetacean flipper formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenpeng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shixia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Horita M, Farquharson C, Stephen LA. The role of miR-29 family in disease. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:696-715. [PMID: 33529442 PMCID: PMC8603934 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can bind to the target sites in the 3’‐untranslated region of messenger RNA to regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Increasing evidence has identified the miR‐29 family, consisting of miR‐29a, miR‐29b‐1, miR‐29b‐2, and miR‐29c, as key regulators of a number of biological processes. Moreover, their abnormal expression contributes to the etiology of numerous diseases. In the current review, we aimed to summarize the differential expression patterns and functional roles of the miR‐29 family in the etiology of diseases including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, cardiorenal, and immune disease. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting members of miR‐29 family in these diseases. We present miR‐29s as promoters of osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis but suppressors of chondrogenic and osteoclast differentiation, fibrosis, and T cell differentiation, with clear avenues for therapeutic manipulation. Further research will be crucial to identify the precise mechanism of miR‐29 family in these diseases and their full potential in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Horita
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Louise A Stephen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
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Chun JM, Lee AY, Nam JY, Lee MY, Choe MS, Lim KS, Kim C, Kim JS. Protective effects of Phlomis umbrosa extract on a monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis model and prediction of molecular mechanisms using transcriptomics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153429. [PMID: 33310311 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlomis umbrosa Turczaninow root has been traditionally used to treat fractures, rheumatoid arthritis, and arthralgia. However, the effects and mechanisms of P. umbrosa on osteoarthritis (OA) remain poorly understood and a functional genomic approach has not been investigated. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of P. umbrosa extract (PUE) on OA using transcriptomic analysis. METHODS We performed joint diameter measurements, micro computed tomography, and histopathological analysis of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rats treated with PUE (200 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Gene expression profiling in articular cartilage tissue was then performed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by signaling pathway analysis of regulatory genes. RESULTS PUE treatment improved OA based on decreased joint diameter, increased joint morphological parameters, and histopathological features. Many genes involved in multiple signal transduction pathway and collagen activation in OA were differentially regulated by PUE. These included genes related to Wnt/β-catenin, OA pathway, and sonic hedgehog signaling activity. Furthermore, PUE treatment downregulated cartilage damage factors (MMP-9, MMP-13, ADAMTs4, and ADMATs5) and upregulated chondrogenesis (COL2A1 and SOX-9) by regulating the transcription factors SOX-9, Ctnnb1, and Epas1. CONCLUSION Based on the results of gene expression profiling, this study highlighted the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PUE in MIA-induced OA rats. The findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which PUE treatment-induced gene expression changes may influence OA disease progression. Taken together, the results suggest that PUE may be used as a source of therapeutic agents for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mi Chun
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Yeong Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Nam
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu Seog Choe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Vincent TL. Of mice and men: converging on a common molecular understanding of osteoarthritis. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2020; 2:e633-e645. [PMID: 32989436 PMCID: PMC7511206 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing burden of osteoarthritis in developed societies, target discovery has been slow and there are currently no approved disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. This lack of progress is due in part to a series of misconceptions over the years: that osteoarthritis is an inevitable consequence of ageing, that damaged articular cartilage cannot heal itself, and that osteoarthritis is driven by synovial inflammation similar to that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular interrogation of disease through ex-vivo tissue analysis, in-vitro studies, and preclinical models have radically reshaped the knowledge landscape. Inflammation in osteoarthritis appears to be distinct from that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Recent randomised controlled trials, using treatments repurposed from rheumatoid arthritis, have largely been unsuccessful. Genome-wide studies point to defects in repair pathways, which accords well with recent promise using growth factor therapies or Wnt pathway antagonism. Nerve growth factor has emerged as a robust target in osteoarthritis pain in phase 2-3 trials. These studies, both positive and negative, align well with those in preclinical surgical models of osteoarthritis, indicating that pathogenic mechanisms identified in mice can lead researchers to valid human targets. Several novel candidate pathways are emerging from preclinical studies that offer hope of future translational impact. Enhancing trust between industry, basic, and clinical scientists will optimise our collective chance of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Horita M, Nishida K, Hasei J, Furumatsu T, Sakurai M, Onodera Y, Fukuda K, Salter DM, Ozaki T. Involvement of ADAM12 in Chondrocyte Differentiation by Regulation of TGF-β1-Induced IGF-1 and RUNX-2 Expressions. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:97-106. [PMID: 30993375 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) is known to be involved in chondrocyte proliferation and maturation; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, expression and localization of ADAM12 during chondrocyte differentiation were examined in the mouse growth plate by immunohistochemistry. Adam12 expression during ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation was examined by real-time PCR and compared with the expression pattern of type X collagen. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system was used to generate Adam12-knockout (KO) ATDC5 cells. Adam12-KO and Adam12 overexpressing cells were used for analyses of ADAM12 expression with or without TGF-β1 stimulation. ADAM12 was identified predominantly in chondrocytes of the proliferative zone in mouse growth plates by immunohistochemistry. Adam12 was upregulated prior to Col10a1 during chondrogenic differentiation in wild-type ATDC5 cells. In Adam12-KO ATDC5 cells, following initiation of chondrogenic differentiation, we observed a reduction in Igf-1 expression along with an upregulation of hypertrophy-associated Runx2, Col10a1, and type X collagen protein expressions. In ATDC5 wild-type cells, stimulation with TGF-β1 upregulated the expressions of Adam12 and Igf-1 and downregulated the expression of Runx2. In contrast, in Adam12-KO ATDC5 cells, these TGF-β1-induced changes were suppressed. Adam12 overexpression resulted in an upregulation of Igf-1 and downregulation of Runx2 expression in ATDC5 cells. The findings suggest that ADAM12 has important role in the regulation of chondrocyte differentiation, potentially by regulation of TGF-β1-dependent signaling and that targeting of ADAM12 may have a role in management of abnormal chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Horita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Joe Hasei
- Department of Sports Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Furumatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miwa Sakurai
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuta Onodera
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanji Fukuda
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Donald M Salter
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, IGMM - University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Xu W, Gao P, Zhang Y, Piao L, Dong D. microRNA-138 induces cell survival and reduces WNT/β-catenin signaling of osteoarthritis chondrocytes through NEK2. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1355-1366. [PMID: 31034758 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and function degeneration with high incidence. Recent studies have been inspired based on the association between microRNAs (miRs) and therapeutic research of OA. Hence, the present study evaluates the effects of miR-138 on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice with OA by binding to NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2). Appropriate dataset was selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes and potential miRNAs that could regulate NEK2 were explored. A mouse model of OA was established. The expressions of miR-138, NEK2, β-catenin, GSK3β, Bcl-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), p53, MMP-13, Col2, and Aggrecan and the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin were determined by the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The potential functional role of NEK2 was revealed to be related to the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and miR-138 was the putative regulator of NEK2. miR-138 expression was downregulated while expressions of NEK2 and β-catenin as well as the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin were upregulated in mice with OA. The chondrocytes treated with miR-138 mimic and siRNA-NEK2 exhibited reduced expressions of NEK2, β-catenin, MMP-13, Bax, and p53 and elevated expressions of Col2, Aggrecan, and Bcl-2 as well as phosphorylation levels of β-catenin along with enhanced chondrocytes' proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-138 induces cell survival and reduces WNT/β-catenin signaling of OA chondrocytes through NEK2. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1355-1366, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jilin Province Population Life Science and Technology Research Institute, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Piao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Biological Analysis of Gene Expression and Clinical Variables Suggest FZD1 as a Novel Biomarker for Patients with Kashin-Beck Disease, an Endemic Osteoarthritis in China. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3736198. [PMID: 30719180 PMCID: PMC6335718 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3736198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical variables contribute to the severity of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). However, it is unclear if there is a correlation between gene expression and clinical variables. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 100 patients with KBD and 100 healthy controls from KBD-endemic areas to identify differentially expressed genes in KBD. Correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed using gene expression and clinical parameters. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of related proteins in articular cartilage tissues. Thirty-nine differentially expressed genes were identified in patients with KBD. Nine differentially expressed genes were correlated with the metacarpal length/metacarpal breadth index. FZD1 was identified as having statistical significance in establishing the regression model of clinical parameters and gene expression. FZD1 expression levels were remarkably reduced in patients with KBD. Our results indicate that FZD1 could be involved in the pathological process of phalanges tuberositas and brachydactylia and may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of articular cartilage destruction observed in patients with KBD.
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Gao F, Peng C, Zheng C, Zhang S, Wu M. miRNA-101 promotes chondrogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:175-180. [PMID: 30651779 PMCID: PMC6307415 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Effect and related mechanisms of miR-101 on the chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. The expression level of miR-101 was detected during chondrogenic differentiation. Three groups were established to study the potential function between miR-101 and chondrogenic differentiation: miR-NC group (negative control), miR-101 mimics (BMSCs transfected by miR-101 mimics) and mimics + inhibitor (BMSCs transfected by miR-101 mimics and inhibitor), after the induction of chondrogenic differentiation, the cell viability of MSCs and chondrogenic markers were determined, further, the expression level of Sox9 and Runx2 were detected. In our present research, miR-101 was found upregulated during chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Compared with the miR-NC group, the cell viability of MSCs was enhanced and the expression level of chondrogenic markers were respectively gained. The expression level of Sox9 was increased but the expression level of Runx2 was decreased by treatment of miR-101 mimics after induction of chondrogenic differentiation. However, these variations of the indicators were reversed by the intervention using the miR-101 inhibitor. Collectively, our research revealed promotion function of miR-101 on chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, indicating that miR-101 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Chuangang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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12
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Chen P, Xia C, Mo J, Mei S, Lin X, Fan S. Interpenetrating polymer network scaffold of sodium hyaluronate and sodium alginate combined with berberine for osteochondral defect regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Ma C, Zhou X, Xu K, Wang L, Yang Y, Wang W, Liu A, Ran J, Yan S, Wu H, Wu L. Specnuezhenide Decreases Interleukin-1β-Induced Inflammation in Rat Chondrocytes and Reduces Joint Destruction in Osteoarthritic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:700. [PMID: 30050432 PMCID: PMC6052343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a chronic disease, osteoarthritis (OA) leads to the degradation of both cartilage and subchondral bone, its development being mediated by proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of specnuezhenide (SPN) in OA and its underlying mechanism were studied in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that SPN decreases the expression of cartilage matrix-degrading enzymes and the activation of NF-κB and wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increases chondrocyte-specific gene expression in IL-1β-induced inflammation in chondrocytes. Furthermore, SPN treatment prevents the degeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of OA. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that SPN decreases interleukin-1β-induced inflammation in rat chondrocytes by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and wnt/β-catenin pathways, and, thus, has therapeutic potential in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yute Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Luan L, Ma Y. Dishevelled‑2 modulates osteogenic differentiation of human synovial fibroblasts in osteoarthritis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:292-298. [PMID: 29749449 PMCID: PMC6059681 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl)-2 represents one of the cytoplasmic proteins, which serves as a pivotal hub in signaling intermediates through a number of different signaling pathways associated with the Wnt family. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of Dvl-2 on synovial fibroblasts (SFBs) in osteoarthritis (OA). A Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine cell viability. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test kit was used to measure the activity of ALP. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression, respectively. The results suggest that depletion of Dvl-2 significantly decreased the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and ALP (P<0.05) and significantly increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), ALP, osteonectin (ON), osteocalcin (OCN) and osterix (P<0.05). In addition, the depletion of Dvl-2 also significantly inhibited the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) and β-catenin in SFBs (P<0.05). The effect of Dvl-2 over-expression was opposite to the effect of Dvl-2 silencing. The inactivation of Wnt3a reversed the effect of Dvl-2 silencing. In conclusion, the results indicate that Dvl-2 regulated osteogenic differentiation of SFBs in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Luan Luan
- Department of Rheumatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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15
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Li K, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Xu S, Cai D, Shen J, Huang B, Li M, Song Q, Jiang Y, Liu A, Bai X. Tyrosine kinase Fyn promotes osteoarthritis by activating the β-catenin pathway. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:935-943. [PMID: 29555825 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of tyrosine kinase Fyn in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and the underlying mechanisms, and to define whether targeting Fyn could prevent OA in mice. METHODS Cartilage samples from normal and aged mice were analysed with proteome-wide screening. Fyn expression was examined with immunofluorescence in human and age-dependent or experimental mouse OA cartilage samples. Experimental OA in Fyn-knockout mice was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus. Primary cultured mouse chondrocytes were treated with proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. The inhibitor of Src kinase family, AZD0530 (saracatinib), and inhibitor of Fyn, PP1, were used to treat experimental OA in mice. RESULTS Fyn expression was markedly upregulated in human OA cartilage and in cartilage from aged mice and those with post-traumatic OA. Fyn accumulates in articular chondrocytes and interacts directly with and phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr142, which stabilises β-catenin and promotes its nuclear translocation. The deletion of Fyn effectively delayed the development of post-traumatic and age-dependent OA in mice. Fyn inhibitors AZD0530 and PP1 significantly attenuated OA progression by blocking the β-catenin pathway and reducing the levels of extracellular matrix catabolic enzymes in the articular cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Fyn accumulates and activates β-catenin signalling in chondrocytes, accelerating the degradation of the articular cartilage and OA development. Targeting Fyn is a novel and potentially therapeutic approach to the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Arthroplasty, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Academy of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Academy of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mangmang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiancheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Academy of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Calcium-phosphate complex increased during subchondral bone remodeling affects earlystage osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:487. [PMID: 29323204 PMCID: PMC5765022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An activation of osteoclasts and subchondral bone remodeling is a major histologic feature of early-stage osteoarthritis (OA), which can be accompanied by an increase of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (Pi) level in the subchondral milieu. Considering articular cartilage gets most of nutrition from subchondral bone by diffusion, these micro-environmental changes in subchondral bone can affect the physiology of articular chondrocytes. Here, we have shown that Ca is increased and co-localized with Pi in articular cartilage of early-stage OA. The Ca-Pi complex increased the production of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in the hypertrophic chondrocytes, which was dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. The Ca-Pi complexes increased the expression of endocytosis markers, and the inhibition of the formation of the Ca-Pi complex ameliorated the Ca-Pi complex-mediated increases of MMPs expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our data provide insight regarding the Ca-Pi complex as a potential catabolic mediator in the subchondral milieu and support the pathogenic role of subchondral bone in the early stages of cartilage degeneration.
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Bao J, Ma C, Ran J, Xiong Y, Yan S, Wu L. Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways are involved in the inflammatory effect of Interleukin 18 on rat chondrocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109962-109972. [PMID: 29299122 PMCID: PMC5746357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the inflammatory effect of Interleukin 18 (IL-18) on rat chondrocytes and the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways, the mRNA and protein level of matix-degrading enzymes (MMP-2, 3, 9,13 and aggrecanses) and chondrocyte-specific proteins (Collagen II and aggrecan) were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and key protein level of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways including β-catenin, GSK-3β, DKK-1, IHH, SHH, and Gli-2 were evaluated by Western blot. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and Cyclopamine were used as antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways to perform pathway inhibition tests. In addition, location and expression of β-catenin, GSK-3β, Gli-2 and Smo were assessed by Immunofluorescence microscopy. The results showed up-regulation of matix-degrading enzymes (MMP-2, 3, 9,13 and aggrecanses) and down-regulation of chondrocyte-specific proteins (Collagen II and aggrecan) at both mRNA and protein level and activation of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways in the inflammatory reaction on rat chondrocytes caused by IL-18 treatment was observed. As conclusion, Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways are involved in the inflammatory effect of IL-18 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Bao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
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18
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Zhou Y, Tao H, Li Y, Deng M, He B, Xia S, Zhang C, Liu S. Berberine promotes proliferation of sodium nitroprusside-stimulated rat chondrocytes and osteoarthritic rat cartilage via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:109-118. [PMID: 27445236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Berberine chloride (BBR) is an isoquinoline derivative alkaloid isolated from medicinal herbs, including Coptis chinensis and Berberis aristate. This compound plays significant roles in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BBR on the proliferation of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated chondrocytes in vitro, the articular cartilage in a rat OA model, as well as to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In vitro, we demonstrated that BBR led to cell proliferation, increased the cell population in S-phase and decreased that in G0/G1-phase; moreover, the F-actin remodeling in SNP-stimulated chondrocytes were prevented. In addition, BBR markedly up-regulated β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 expression of genes and proteins, and down-regulated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression. Notably, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 partially blocked these effects. The in vivo results suggested that BBR promoted β-catenin protein level and enhanced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in osteoarthritic rat cartilage. In conclusion, these findings indicate that BBR promotes SNP-stimulated chondrocyte proliferation by promoting G1/S phase transition and synthesis of PCNA in cartilage through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Department of Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Haiying Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shaoqiang Xia
- Department of Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Department of Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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LIU SHENSHEN, ZHOU PU, ZHANG YANQIU. Abnormal expression of key genes and proteins in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway of articular cartilage in a rat model of exercise-induced osteoarthritis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:1999-2006. [PMID: 26794964 PMCID: PMC4768959 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular pathogenesis of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in exercise-induced osteoarthritis (OA), 30 male healthy Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups (control, normal exercise‑induced OA and injured exercise‑induced OA groups) in order to establish the exercise‑induced OA rat model. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Runx‑2, BMP‑2, Ctnnb1, Sox‑9, collagen Ⅱ, Mmp‑13, Wnt‑3a and β‑catenin in chondrocytes were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA levels of Runx‑2, BMP‑2 and Ctnnb1 were upregulated in the normal exercise‑induced OA and injured exercise‑induced OA groups; while Runx‑2 and BMP‑2 were upregulated in the injured exercise‑induced OA group when compared with the normal exercise‑induced OA group. The protein levels of Mmp‑13, Wnt‑3a and β‑catenin were increased and collagen Ⅱ was reduced in the normal exercise‑induced OA and injured exercise‑induced OA groups. Ctnnb1, Wnt‑3a and β‑catenin, which are key genes and proteins in the canonical Wnt/β‑catenin pathway, were abnormally expressed in chondrocytes of the exercise‑induced OA rat model. Ctnnb1, β‑catenin and Wnt‑3a were suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of exercise‑induced OA by abnormally activating the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during physical exercise due to excessive pressure. The results of the present study may provide an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of exercise-induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHEN-SHEN LIU
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Langfang, Hebei 065000, P.R. China
| | - PU ZHOU
- College of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers University, Langfang, Hebei 065000, P.R. China
| | - YANQIU ZHANG
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P.R. China
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20
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Schumacher CA, Joiner DM, Less KD, Drewry MO, Williams BO. Characterization of genetically engineered mouse models carrying Col2a1-cre-induced deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6. Bone Res 2016; 4:15042. [PMID: 26962465 PMCID: PMC4772748 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 were created and characterized. Mice lacking either gene alone were viable and fertile with normal knee morphology. Mice in which both Lrp5 and Lrp6 were conditionally ablated via Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletion displayed severe defects in skeletal development during embryogenesis. In addition, adult mice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 displayed low bone mass suggesting that the Collagen2a1-cre transgene was active in cells that subsequently differentiated into osteoblasts. In both embryonic skeletal development and establishment of adult bone mass, Lrp5 and Lrp6 carry out redundant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie A Schumacher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Danese M Joiner
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Kennen D Less
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Melissa Oosterhouse Drewry
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
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21
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Rousseau JC, Sornay-Rendu E, Bertholon C, Garnero P, Chapurlat R. Serum periostin is associated with prevalent knee osteoarthritis and disease incidence/progression in women: the OFELY study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1736-42. [PMID: 26072384 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the relationships between serum periostin (POSTN) and both prevalence and incidence/progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in women. METHODS We investigated 594 women (62.7 ± 11.2 yr) from the OFELY cohort. Knee radiographs were scored according to the Kellgren & Lawrence (KL) grading system at baseline and 4 years later. Spine, hip and hand OA were assessed at baseline. Prevalent knee OA was defined by a KL score higher or equal in 2. Progression of KL was defined as an increase of the KL score ≥1 during the 4 years follow-up. Serum POSTN was measured at baseline by ELISA. RESULTS By non-parametric tests, POSTN was significantly lower in 83 women with a KL score ≥2 at baseline, compared to those with a KL score <2 (n = 511; 1101 ± 300 vs 1181 ± 294 ng/ml, P = 0.002) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), treatments and diseases, prevalent hand OA and prevalent lumbar spine OA. By logistic regression analyses, the odds-ratio of knee OA incidence/progression was significantly reduced by 21% (P = 0.043) for each quartile increase in serum POSTN at baseline, after adjustment for age, BMI, prevalent knee OA, prevalent hand OA and prevalent lumbar spine OA. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that serum POSTN is associated with prevalence and the risk of development/progression of knee OA in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rousseau
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - E Sornay-Rendu
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; Service de rhumatologie et pathologie osseuse, Hôpital E.-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - C Bertholon
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - P Garnero
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France; Service de rhumatologie et pathologie osseuse, Hôpital E.-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - R Chapurlat
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; Service de rhumatologie et pathologie osseuse, Hôpital E.-Herriot, Université de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
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Altered Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Components in Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137170. [PMID: 26352263 PMCID: PMC4564164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by altered homeostasis of joint cartilage and bone, whose functional properties rely on chondrocytes and osteoblasts, belonging to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). WNT signaling acts as a hub integrating and crosstalking with other signaling pathways leading to the regulation of MSC functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of a differential signaling between Healthy and OA-MSCs during osteogenesis. Methods MSCs of seven OA patients and six healthy controls were isolated, characterised and expanded. During in vitro osteogenesis, cells were recovered at days 1, 10 and 21. RNA and protein content was obtained. Expression of WNT pathway genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Functional studies were also performed to study the MSC osteogenic commitment and functional and post-traslational status of β-catenin and several receptor tyrosine kinases. Results Several genes were downregulated in OA-MSCs during osteogenesis in vitro. These included soluble Wnts, inhibitors, receptors, co-receptors, several kinases and transcription factors. Basal levels of β-catenin were higher in OA-MSCs, but calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic genes was similar between Healthy and OA-MSCs. Interestingly an increased phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling node was present in OA-MSCs. Conclusion Our results point to the existence in OA-MSCs of alterations in expression of Wnt pathway components during in vitro osteogenesis that are partially compensated by post-translational mechanisms modulating the function of other pathways. We also point the relevance of other signaling pathways in OA pathophysiology suggesting their role in the maintenance of joint homeostasis through modulation of MSC osteogenic potential.
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Lu J, Sun Y, Ge Q, Teng H, Jiang Q. Histone deacetylase 4 alters cartilage homeostasis in human osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:438. [PMID: 25515592 PMCID: PMC4300609 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder, and a major cause of pain and disability among the elderly. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) has been shown to be a key regulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy during skeletogenesis. The aims of present study were to investigate the expression of HDAC4 in normal and OA cartilage and its potential roles during OA pathogenesis. METHODS The knee cartilage specimen (a total of 18, 12 female and 6 male) were obtained from primary OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and normal donors. By using immunohistochemistry staining, we detected the expression patterns of HDAC4 in OA cartilage and normal cartilage respectively. To assess the potential roles of HDAC4, HDAC4 expression in human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353) was down-regulated by transfecting small interference RNA (siRNA), thereafter, cells were treated with IL-1β or TNF-α, and the expressions of several matrix-degrading enzymes and anabolic factors were examined by using quantitative PCR. RESULTS The expression of HDAC4 was observed in the OA cartilage, whereas it was barely detected in the normal cartilage. The extent of HDAC4 expression had a statistically negative correlation with OA severity. We further explored that the reduction of HDAC4 level led to a significant repression of proinflammation cytokines induced up-regulated expressions of matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP1 (Matrix metalloproteinase 1), MMP3 (Matrix metalloproteinase 3) , MMP13 (Matrix metalloproteinase 13), ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase 1) and ADAMTS5 (aggrecanase 2)) in SW1353 in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of HDAC4 inhibited the expression of some anabolic genes (such as aggrecan). CONCLUSIONS In this study, our findings suggest that the abnormal expression of HDAC4 in osteoarthritic cartilage might be implicated in promoting catabolic activity of chondrocyte, which is associated with OA pathogenesis. Thus, our findings give a new insight into the mechanism of articular cartilage damage, and indicate that HDAC4 might be a potential target for the therapeutic interventions of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huajian Teng
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
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Shimomura K, Kanamoto T, Kita K, Akamine Y, Nakamura N, Mae T, Yoshikawa H, Nakata K. Cyclic compressive loading on 3D tissue of human synovial fibroblasts upregulates prostaglandin E2 via COX-2 production without IL-1β and TNF-α. Bone Joint Res 2014; 3:280-8. [PMID: 25237168 PMCID: PMC4178306 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.39.2000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excessive mechanical stress on synovial joints causes osteoarthritis
(OA) and results in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a
key molecule in arthritis, by synovial fibroblasts. However, the
relationship between arthritis-related molecules and mechanical
stress is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine
the synovial fibroblast response to cyclic mechanical stress using
an in vitro osteoarthritis model. Method Human synovial fibroblasts were cultured on collagen scaffolds
to produce three-dimensional constructs. A cyclic compressive loading
of 40 kPa at 0.5 Hz was applied to the constructs, with or without
the administration of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor
or dexamethasone, and then the concentrations of PGE2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β),
tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 were measured. Results The concentrations of PGE2, IL-6 and IL-8 in the loaded samples
were significantly higher than those of unloaded samples; however,
the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were the same as the unloaded
samples. After the administration of a COX-2 selective inhibitor,
the increased concentration of PGE2 by cyclic compressive loading
was impeded, but the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 remained high.
With dexamethasone, upregulation of PGE2, IL-6 and IL-8 was suppressed. Conclusion These results could be useful in revealing the molecular mechanism
of mechanical stress in vivo for a better understanding
of the pathology and therapy of OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:280–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimomura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Kanamoto
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Kita
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Akamine
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Nakamura
- Osaka Health Science University, Department of Rehabilitation Science, 1-9-27 Tenma, Kita-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 530-0043, Japan
| | - T Mae
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Yoshikawa
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Nakata
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Wu L, Liu H, Li L, Liu H, Yang K, Liu Z, Huang H. 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone exhibits chondroprotective activity by targeting β-catenin signaling in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:682-8. [PMID: 25193704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder, which remains the leading cause of chronic disability in aged people. This study is the first report which demonstrates the cartilage protective effect of 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) by decreasing the concentration of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 in the knee synovial fluid in OA rat models in vivo. In vitro, after induced by PGE2, the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes was significantly increased. In addition, PGE2 increased the expression of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in chondrocytes, stabilized and accumulated β-catenin, and activated the expression of β-catenin signaling pathway. These activities were counteracted by TMF dose-dependently. Collectively, TMF is a potential compound with chondroprotective activity by inhibiting both EP/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Haiqing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Lee HH, Chang CC, Shieh MJ, Wang JP, Chen YT, Young TH, Hung SC. Hypoxia enhances chondrogenesis and prevents terminal differentiation through PI3K/Akt/FoxO dependent anti-apoptotic effect. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2683. [PMID: 24042188 PMCID: PMC3775095 DOI: 10.1038/srep02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common environmental condition, influences cell signals and functions. Here, we compared the effects of hypoxia (1% oxygen) and normoxia (air) on chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, MSCs were concentrated to form pellets and subjected to conditions appropriate for chondrogenic differentiation under normoxia and hypoxia, followed by the analysis for the expression of genes and proteins of chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. MSCs induced for differentiation under hypoxia increased in chondrogenesis, but decreased in endochondral ossification compared to those under normoxia. MSCs induced for differentiation were more resistant to apoptosis under hypoxia compared to those under normoxia. The hypoxia-dependent protection of MSCs from chondrogenesis-induced apoptosis correlated with an increase in the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/FoxO pathway. These results suggest that the PI3K/Akt/FoxO survival pathway activated by hypoxia in MSCs enhances chondrogenesis and plays an important role in preventing endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Hsing Lee
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan [2] Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan [3] Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Contribution of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to Wnt pathway activity in prevalent skeletal disorders. Gene 2013; 532:165-72. [PMID: 24096177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that the expression of Wnt-related genes is lower in osteoporotic hip fractures than in osteoarthritis. We aimed to confirm those results by analyzing β-catenin levels and explored potential genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved. β-Catenin gene expression and nuclear levels were analyzed by real time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence. Increased nuclear β-catenin was found in osteoblasts isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (99 ± 4 units vs. 76 ± 12, p=0.01, n=10), without differences in gene transcription, which is consistent with a post-translational down-regulation of β-catenin and decreased Wnt pathway activity. Twenty four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes showing differential expression between fractures and osteoarthritis (WNT4, WNT10A, WNT16 and SFRP1) were analyzed in DNA isolated from blood of 853 patients. The genotypic frequencies were similar in both groups of patients, with no significant differences. Methylation of Wnt pathway genes was analyzed in bone tissue samples (15 with fractures and 15 with osteoarthritis) by interrogating a CpG-based methylation array. Six genes showed significant methylation differences between both groups of patients: FZD10, TBL1X, CSNK1E, WNT8A, CSNK1A1L and SFRP4. The DNA demethylating agent 5-deoxycytidine up-regulated 8 genes, including FZD10, in an osteoblast-like cell line, whereas it down-regulated other 16 genes. In conclusion, Wnt activity is reduced in patients with hip fractures, in comparison with those with osteoarthritis. It does not appear to be related to differences in the allele frequencies of the Wnt genes studied. On the other hand, methylation differences between both groups could contribute to explain the differences in Wnt activity.
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Key Words
- 5-aza-2-deoxy-azacytidine
- AzadC
- Bone diseases
- C-terminal binding protein 1
- CACYBP
- CAMK2G
- CSNK1A1
- CSNK1A1L
- CSNK1E
- CTBP1
- Ct
- DNA methylation
- FDR
- FOS-like antigen 1
- FOSL1
- FRZB
- FZD10
- Fractures
- GSK3B
- GWAS
- HWE
- Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- LRP5
- PLCB3
- PPP2R1A
- RHOA
- SFRP1
- SFRP4
- TATA box binding protein
- TBL1X
- TBP
- WNT10A
- WNT16
- WNT4
- WNT8A
- Wnt
- calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma
- calcyclin binding protein
- casein kinase 1, alpha 1
- casein kinase 1, alpha 1-like
- casein kinase 1, epsilon
- false discovery rate
- frizzled homolog 10
- frizzled-related protein
- genome-wide association study
- glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- lipoprotein receptor related protein 5
- phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)
- protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A, alpha isoform
- ras homolog gene family, member A
- secreted frizzled-related protein 1
- secreted frizzled-related protein 4
- threshold cycle
- transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 8A
- β-Catenin
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Joiner DM, Less KD, Van Wieren EM, Hess D, Williams BO. Heterozygosity for an inactivating mutation in low-density lipoprotein-related receptor 6 (Lrp6) increases osteoarthritis severity in mice after ligament and meniscus injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1576-85. [PMID: 23756208 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an integral and complex role in cartilage development and maintenance. β-catenin signaling has been linked to osteoarthritis (OA), but the role of Lrp6-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling during OA remains unexplored. Mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (low-density lipoprotein-related receptors 5 and 6) result in skeletal abnormalities, which tend to be more severe in Lrp6 mutant mice. We examined OA development, chondrocyte and osteoblast behavior, and β-catenin signaling after ligament and meniscus damage in mice with global heterozygous deletion of Lrp6. DESIGN Ligament and meniscus damage was surgically induced in Lrp6(+/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, and evidence of joint disease was assessed by Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and catabolic enzyme activity were measured. RESULTS Relative to WT mice, Lrp6(+/-) mice had lower nuclear β-catenin signaling within articular cartilage. After surgery, osteophytes and reduced articular cartilage were apparent in WT mice, but more severe in Lrp6(+/-) animals. Impairments to trabecular bone geometry occurred for WT and Lrp6(+/-) mice after surgery. Relative to WT mice, Lrp6(+/-) mice had reduced trabecular BMD and thickness, and Cyclin D1 and Lrp6 gene expression after surgery. There was an increase in apoptotic cells and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) for Lrp6(+/-) mice after surgery, but no differences in cell proliferation occurred. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in Lrp6 leads to less β-catenin signaling within articular cartilage and to increased degenerative joint disease after ligament and meniscus injury. Modulation of Lrp6 function could attenuate joint disease after damage to ligaments and the meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Joiner
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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Leijten JCH, Bos SD, Landman EBM, Georgi N, Jahr H, Meulenbelt I, Post JN, van Blitterswijk CA, Karperien M. GREM1, FRZB and DKK1 mRNA levels correlate with osteoarthritis and are regulated by osteoarthritis-associated factors. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R126. [PMID: 24286177 PMCID: PMC3978825 DOI: 10.1186/ar4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis is, at least in a subset of patients, associated with hypertrophic differentiation of articular chondrocytes. Recently, we identified the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT) signaling antagonists Gremlin 1 (GREM1), frizzled-related protein (FRZB) and dickkopf 1 homolog (Xenopus laevis) (DKK1) as articular cartilage’s natural brakes of hypertrophic differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether factors implicated in osteoarthritis or regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy influence GREM1, FRZB and DKK1 expression levels. Methods GREM1, FRZB and DKK1 mRNA levels were studied in articular cartilage from healthy preadolescents and healthy adults as well as in preserved and degrading osteoarthritic cartilage from the same osteoarthritic joint by quantitative PCR. Subsequently, we exposed human articular chondrocytes to WNT, BMP, IL-1β, Indian hedgehog, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, mechanical loading, different medium tonicities or distinct oxygen levels and investigated GREM1, FRZB and DKK1 expression levels using a time-course analysis. Results GREM1, FRZB and DKK1 mRNA expression were strongly decreased in osteoarthritis. Moreover, this downregulation is stronger in degrading cartilage compared with macroscopically preserved cartilage from the same osteoarthritic joint. WNT, BMP, IL-1β signaling and mechanical loading regulated GREM1, FRZB and DKK1 mRNA levels. Indian hedgehog, parathyroid hormone-related peptide and tonicity influenced the mRNA levels of at least one antagonist, while oxygen levels did not demonstrate any statistically significant effect. Interestingly, BMP and WNT signaling upregulated the expression of each other’s antagonists. Conclusions Together, the current study demonstrates an inverse correlation between osteoarthritis and GREM1, FRZB and DKK1 gene expression in cartilage and provides insight into the underlying transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, we show that BMP and WNT signaling are linked in a negative feedback loop, which might prove essential in articular cartilage homeostasis by balancing BMP and WNT activity.
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Itoh S, Hattori T, Tomita N, Aoyama E, Yutani Y, Yamashiro T, Takigawa M. CCN family member 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) has anti-aging effects that protect articular cartilage from age-related degenerative changes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71156. [PMID: 23951098 PMCID: PMC3741357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of connective tissue growth factor CCN2/CTGF (CCN2) in the maintenance of the articular cartilaginous phenotype, we analyzed knee joints from aging transgenic mice (TG) overexpressing CCN2 driven by the Col2a1 promoter. Knee joints from 3-, 14-, 40-, and 60-day-old and 5-, 12-, 18-, 21-, and 24-month-old littermates were analyzed. Ccn2-LacZ transgene expression in articular cartilage was followed by X-gal staining until 5 months of age. Overexpression of CCN2 protein was confirmed through all ages in TG articular cartilage and in growth plates. Radiographic analysis of knee joints showed a narrowing joint space and other features of osteoarthritis in 50% of WT, but not in any of the TG mice. Transgenic articular cartilage showed enhanced toluidine blue and safranin-O staining as well as chondrocyte proliferation but reduced staining for type X and I collagen and MMP-13 as compared with those parameters for WT cartilage. Staining for aggrecan neoepitope, a marker of aggrecan degradation in WT articular cartilage, increased at 5 and 12 months, but disappeared at 24 months due to loss of cartilage; whereas it was reduced in TG articular cartilage after 12 months. Expression of cartilage genes and MMPs under cyclic tension stress (CTS) was measured by using primary cultures of chondrocytes obtained from wild-type (WT) rib cartilage and TG or WT epiphyseal cartilage. CTS applied to primary cultures of mock-transfected rib chondrocytes from WT cartilage and WT epiphyseal cartilage induced expression of Col1a1, ColXa1, Mmp-13, and Mmp-9 mRNAs; however, their levels were not affected in CCN2-overexpressing chondrocytes and TG epiphyseal cartilage. In conclusion, cartilage-specific overexpression of CCN2 during the developmental and growth periods reduced age-related changes in articular cartilage. Thus CCN2 may play a role as an anti-aging factor by stabilizing articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takako Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (MT)
| | - Nao Tomita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Aoyama
- Biodental Research Center, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (MT)
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Zhu S, Liu H, Wu Y, Heng BC, Chen P, Liu H, Ouyang HW. Wnt and Rho GTPase signaling in osteoarthritis development and intervention: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:217. [PMID: 23856044 PMCID: PMC3979163 DOI: 10.1186/ar4240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt and Rho GTPase signaling play critical roles in governing numerous aspects of cell physiology, and have been shown to be involved in endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis (OA) development. In this review, current studies of canonical Wnt signaling in OA development, together with the differential roles of Rho GTPases in chondrocyte maturation and OA pathology are critically summarized. Based on the current scientific literature together with our preliminary results, the strategy of targeting Wnt and Rho GTPase for OA prognosis and therapy is suggested, which is instructive for clinical treatment of the disease.
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Valverde-Franco G, Pelletier JP, Fahmi H, Hum D, Matsuo K, Lussier B, Kapoor M, Martel-Pelletier J. In vivo bone-specific EphB4 overexpression in mice protects both subchondral bone and cartilage during osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:3614-25. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Leijten JCH, Emons J, Sticht C, van Gool S, Decker E, Uitterlinden A, Rappold G, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Scherjon S, Wit JM, van Meurs J, van Blitterswijk CA, Karperien M. Gremlin 1, Frizzled-related protein, and Dkk-1 are key regulators of human articular cartilage homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:3302-12. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ermakov S, Trofimov S, Malkin I, Livshits G. A significant association exists between receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 gene variants and the OPG/RANKL ratio in human plasma. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1899-907. [PMID: 22057548 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY There is a paucity of studies investigating association between ROR2 gene variants and osteoporosis and osteoarthritis-related phenotypes. The published literature suggests that osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) are essential for bone metabolism and correlate with osteoarthritis manifestation and progression. The present study provides evidence of the significant association between ROR2 variants and the OPG/RANKL ratio in human plasma. The present results also suggest significant association between ROR2 polymorphisms and severity of radiographic hand osteoarthritis. INTRODUCTION Despite the importance of the ROR-2 in skeletal physiology, there is a paucity of studies investigating the potential association of ROR2 gene variants with phenotypes relevant to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. On the other hand, there is a considerable body of literature suggesting that OPG and RANKL and their ratio (OPG/RANKL) are essential for regulating bone resorption. This is also correlated with osteoarthritis manifestation and progression. The present study therefore examines whether ROR2 polymorphisms may be associated with the OPG/RANKL ratio and hand osteoarthritis (HOA). METHODS The study was conducted in a family-based sample of 1,515 Caucasian individuals, assessed for radiographic hand osteoarthritis, using the Kellgren/Lawrence score. Of these, 865 individuals were genotyped for 19 SNPs, relatively equally covering the ROR2 locus, and their plasma levels of OPG and RANKL were assayed. The association between the selected SNPs and OPG, along with the OPG/RANKL ratio and HOA, was explored using the pedigree disequilibrium test. RESULTS Of the total of 57 tests, 16 nominally significant results (p < 0.05) were obtained, which is considerably more than the three normally expected for type I error. The significant association signals for all three phenotypes were mapped to the intron 1 region. The most significant results were detected between OPG/RANKL and rs7048756 (p < 0.0005) and between adjacent rs4744107 and Kellgren/Lawrence score (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence of the significant association between ROR2 variants and the OPG/RANKL ratio in human plasma and also suggests ROR2 association with HOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ermakov
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ochi H, Hara Y, Asou Y, Harada Y, Nezu Y, Yogo T, Shinomiya K, Tagawa M. Effects of long-term administration of carprofen on healing of a tibial osteotomy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:634-41. [PMID: 21529215 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.5.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of long-term administration of carprofen on healing of a tibial osteotomy in dogs. ANIMALS 12 healthy female Beagles. PROCEDURES A mid-diaphyseal transverse osteotomy (stabilized with an intramedullary pin) of the right tibia was performed in each dog. The carprofen group (n = 6 dogs) received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 120 days; the control group (6) received no treatment. Bone healing and change in callus area were assessed radiographically over time. Dogs were euthanized 120 days after surgery, and tibiae were evaluated biomechanically and histologically. RESULTS The osteotomy line was not evident in the control group on radiographs obtained 120 days after surgery. In contrast, the osteotomy line was still evident in the carprofen group. Callus area was significantly less in the carprofen group, compared with the area in the control group, at 20, 30, and 60 days after surgery. At 120 days after surgery, stiffness, elastic modulus, and flexural rigidity in the carprofen group were significantly lower than corresponding values in the control group. Furthermore, histologic evaluation revealed that the cartilage area within the callus in the carprofen group was significantly greater than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Long-term administration of carprofen appeared to inhibit bone healing in dogs that underwent tibial osteotomy. We recommend caution for carprofen administration when treating fractures that have delays in healing associated with a reduction in osteogenesis as well as fractures associated with diseases that predispose animals to delays of osseous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ochi
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
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Rodova M, Lu Q, Li Y, Woodbury BG, Crist JD, Gardner BM, Yost JG, Zhong XB, Anderson HC, Wang J. Nfat1 regulates adult articular chondrocyte function through its age-dependent expression mediated by epigenetic histone methylation. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1974-86. [PMID: 21452283 PMCID: PMC3353550 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of disease-modifying pharmacologic therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) currently faces major obstacles largely because the regulatory mechanisms for the function of adult articular chondrocytes remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that lack of Nfat1, one of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors, causes OA-like changes in adult mice. This study aimed to identify whether Nfat1 specifically regulates adult articular chondrocyte function and its age-dependent regulatory mechanism using both Nfat1-deficient and wild-type mice. Deletion of Nfat1 did not induce OA-like articular chondrocyte dysfunction (e.g., overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading proteinases) until the adult stage. RNAi-mediated Nfat1 knockdown caused dysfunction of wild-type adult articular chondrocytes. Nfat1 expression in wild-type articular chondrocytes was low in the embryonic but high in the adult stage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that an increase in Nfat1 expression in articular chondrocytes was associated with increased H3K4me2 (a histone modification linked to transcriptional activation), whereas a decrease in Nfat1 expression in articular chondrocytes was correlated with increased H3K9me2 (a histone modification linked to transcriptional repression). Knockdown of lysine-specific demethylase-1 (Lsd1) in embryonic articular chondrocytes upregulated Nfat1 expression concomitant with increased H3K4me2 at the Nfat1 promoter. Knockdown of Jmjc-containing histone demethylase-2a (Jhdm2a) in 6-month articular chondrocytes downregulated Nfat1 expression concomitant with increased H3K9me2 at the Nfat1 promoter. These results suggest that Nfat1 is an essential transcriptional regulator of chondrocyte homeostasis in adult articular cartilage. Age-dependent Nfat1 expression in articular chondrocytes is regulated by dynamic histone methylation, one of the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rodova
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Chan BY, Fuller ES, Russell AK, Smith SM, Smith MM, Jackson MT, Cake MA, Read RA, Bateman JF, Sambrook PN, Little CB. Increased chondrocyte sclerostin may protect against cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:874-85. [PMID: 21619935 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the regulation of sclerostin (SOST) in osteoarthritis (OA) and its potential effects on articular cartilage degradation. METHODS SOST and other Wnt-β-catenin components were immuno-localised in osteochondral sections of surgically-induced OA in knees of sheep and mice, and human OA samples obtained at arthroplasty. Regulation of SOST mRNA and protein expression by ovine chondrocytes in response to interleukin-1α (IL-1α) or tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) was examined in explant cultures. The effect of 25 or 250 ng/ml recombinant SOST alone or in combination with IL-1α, on ovine articular cartilage explant aggrecan degradation, and chondrocyte gene expression of Wnt-β-catenin pathway proteins, metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, and cartilage matrix proteins was quantified. RESULTS Contrary to being an osteocyte-specific protein, SOST was expressed by articular chondrocytes, and mRNA levels were upregulated in vitro by IL-1α but not TNFα. Chondrocyte SOST staining was significantly increased only in the focal area of cartilage damage in surgically-induced OA in sheep and mice, as well as end-stage human OA. In contrast, osteocyte SOST was focally decreased in the subchondral bone in sheep OA in association with bone sclerosis. SOST was biologically active in chondrocytes, inhibiting Wnt-β-catenin signalling and catabolic metalloproteinase [matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and distintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospndin repeats (ADAMTS)] expression, but also decreasing mRNA levels of aggrecan, collagen II and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinaes (TIMPs). Despite this mixed effect, SOST dose-dependently inhibited IL-1α-stimulated cartilage aggrecanolysis in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate SOST in regulating the OA disease processes, but suggest opposing effects by promoting disease-associated subchondral bone sclerosis while inhibiting degradation of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Chan
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Labs, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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van der Kraan PM, Goumans MJ, Blaney Davidson E, ten Dijke P. Age-dependent alteration of TGF-β signalling in osteoarthritis. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:257-65. [PMID: 21638205 PMCID: PMC3250613 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of articular cartilage, with aging as the main risk factor. In OA, changes in chondrocytes lead to the autolytic destruction of cartilage. Transforming growth factor-β has recently been demonstrated to signal not only via activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation, but also via ALK1-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation in articular cartilage. In aging cartilage and experimental OA, the ratio ALK1/ALK5 has been found to be increased, and the expression of ALK1 is correlated with matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. The age-dependent shift towards Smad1/5/8 signalling might trigger the differentiation of articular chondrocytes with an autolytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Hatta T, Sugita T, Aizawa T, Ohnuma M, Takahashi A, Itoi E. Bony island within the articular cartilage of the knee in a child: a rare condition for early osteoarthritis. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2011; 3:e5. [PMID: 21808717 PMCID: PMC3143997 DOI: 10.4081/or.2011.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a specific type of connective tissue composed of hydrated proteoglycans within a matrix of collagen fibrils. In the elderly population, it shows degenerative changes that may results in osteoarthritis. The more severe form of osteoarthritis occasionally demonstrates bone formation within the cartilage, which is designated as a bony protuberance, however, such lesions are rare in children. This report presents the case of a 10-year-old boy with a bony protuberance within the articular cartilage of the knee. The patient initially complained of knee pain and he subsequently developed flexion contracture. Radiological and arthroscopic examinations revealed a bony protuberance in the articular cartilage and degenerative changes of the cartilage above it. He was successfully treated by the removal of the bony protuberance and osteochondral grafting. The bony protuberance may have caused cartilage degradation since the thickness of the cartilage above it was thinner than that around the lesion. The bony protuberance within the articular cartilage formed in the younger population may be a possible cause of osteoarthritis. This case is a noteworthy with regard to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai
| | | | - Toshimi Aizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Masahiro Ohnuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai
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Hatta T, Sugita T, Aizawa T, Ohnuma M, Takahashi A, Itoi E. Bony island within the articular cartilage of the knee in a child: a rare condition for early osteoarthritis. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2011; 3:e7. [PMID: 21808719 PMCID: PMC3144001 DOI: 10.4081/or.2011.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a specific type of connective tissue composed of hydrated proteoglycans within a matrix of collagen fibrils. In the elderly population, it shows degenerative changes that may results in osteoarthritis. The more severe form of osteoarthritis occasionally demonstrates bone formation within the cartilage, which is designated as a bony protuberance, however, such lesions are rare in children. This report presents the case of a 10-year-old boy with a bony protuberance within the articular cartilage of the knee. The patient initially complained of knee pain and he subsequently developed flexion contracture. Radiological and arthroscopic examinations revealed a bony protuberance in the articular cartilage and degenerative changes of the cartilage above it. He was successfully treated by the removal of the bony protuberance and osteochondral grafting. The bony protuberance may have caused cartilage degradation since the thickness of the cartilage above it was thinner than that around the lesion. The bony protuberance within the articular cartilage formed in the younger population may be a possible cause of osteoarthritis. This case is a noteworthy with regard to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai
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HIF-2α as a possible therapeutic target of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1552-6. [PMID: 20950696 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endochondral ossification, a conversion process from nonvascularized and hypoxic cartilage to highly vascularized bone, plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis (OA) development as well as in physiological skeletal growth. We have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α, encoded by EPAS1) is an extensive regulator of the endochondal ossification process. Here we review the possible signaling network regulating OA development on the axis of HIF-2α. METHODS Peer reviewed publications published prior to August 2010 were searched in the Pubmed database. Articles that were relevant to HIF and molecular mechanisms of the endochondral ossification and OA were selected. RESULTS As a trigger of OA, mechanical stress may induce the upstream NF-κB signal and HIF-2α expression in joint cartilage of mice and humans, which causes transactivation of endochondral ossification-related molecules with the most potent β-subunit partner aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator-like (ARNTL). In contrast to HIF-2α, HIF-1α functions to maintain cartilage via a distinct mechanism, so that the shifting of the HIFs might possibly be involved in an OA pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Signals on the HIF-2α axis from NF-κB signaling to the endochondral ossification-related molecules, possibly in combination with HIF-2α and ARNTL, may represent a rational therapeutic target for OA with minimal effects on physiological skeletal homeostasis.
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Wu Q, Zhu M, Rosier RN, Zuscik MJ, O'Keefe RJ, Chen D. Beta-catenin, cartilage, and osteoarthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1192:344-50. [PMID: 20392258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The early cellular events during the development of osteoarthritis (OA) are accelerated articular chondrocyte maturation and extracellular matrix degradation, which are usually seen in the weight-bearing region of articular cartilage. The results of our recent studies from transgenic OA mouse models indicate that upregulation of beta-catenin signaling in articular chondrocytes is most likely responsible for the conversion of normal articular chondrocytes into maturing (arthritic) chondrocytes, which is associated with activation of chondrocyte maturational genes and matrix degradation. Conditional activation of the beta-catenin gene in articular chondrocytes leads to an OA-like phenotype. Overexpression of Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, also induces an OA-like phenotype through upregulation of beta-catenin signaling. In addition, beta-catenin upregulation was also found in articular cartilage tissues in patients with OA. These findings indicate that beta-catenin plays a central role in articular cartilage function and that activation of beta-catenin signaling may represent a pathologic mechanism for OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqian Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Sato Y, Matsumoto H. Effects of risedronate on osteoarthritis of the knee. Yonsei Med J 2010; 51:164-70. [PMID: 20191005 PMCID: PMC2824859 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2010.51.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to discuss the effects of risedronate on osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee by reviewing the existing literature. The literature was searched with PubMed, with respect to prospective, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs), using the following search terms: risedronate, knee, and osteoarthritis. Two RCTs met the criteria. A RCT (n = 231) showed that risedronate treatment (15 mg/day) for 1 year improved symptoms. A larger RCT (n = 1,896) showed that risedronate treatment (5 mg/day, 15 mg/day, 35 mg/week, and 50 mg/week) for 2 years did not improve signs or symptoms, nor did it alter radiological progression. However, a subanalysis study (n = 477) revealed that patients with marked cartilage loss preserved the structural integrity of subchondral bone by risedronate treatment (15 mg/day and 50 mg/week). Another subanalysis study (n = 1,885) revealed that C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) decreased with risedronate treatment in a dose-dependent manner, and levels reached after 6 months were associated with radiological progression at 2 years. The results of these RCTs show that risedronate reduces the marker of cartilage degradation (CTX-II), which could contribute to attenuation of radiological progression of OA by preserving the structural integrity of subchondral bone. The review of the literature suggests that higher doses of risedronate (15 mg/day) strongly reduces the marker of cartilage degradation (CTX-II), which could contribute to attenuation of radiological progression of OA by preserving the structural integrity of subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwamoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Little CB, Barai A, Burkhardt D, Smith SM, Fosang AJ, Werb Z, Shah M, Thompson EW. Matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice are resistant to osteoarthritic cartilage erosion but not chondrocyte hypertrophy or osteophyte development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3723-33. [PMID: 19950295 DOI: 10.1002/art.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13; collagenase 3) in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS OA was surgically induced in the knees of MMP-13-knockout mice and wild-type mice, and mice were compared. Histologic scoring of femoral and tibial cartilage aggrecan loss (0-3 scale), erosion (0-7 scale), and chondrocyte hypertrophy (0-1 scale), as well as osteophyte size (0-3 scale) and maturity (0-3 scale) was performed. Serial sections were stained for type X collagen and the MMP-generated aggrecan neoepitope DIPEN. RESULTS Following surgery, aggrecan loss and cartilage erosion were more severe in the tibia than femur (P<0.01) and tibial cartilage erosion increased with time (P<0.05) in wild-type mice. Cartilaginous osteophytes were present at 4 weeks and underwent ossification, with size and maturity increasing by 8 weeks (P<0.01). There was no difference between genotypes in aggrecan loss or cartilage erosion at 4 weeks. There was less tibial cartilage erosion in knockout mice than in wild-type mice at 8 weeks (P<0.02). Cartilaginous osteophytes were larger in knockout mice at 4 weeks (P<0.01), but by 8 weeks osteophyte maturity and size were no different from those in wild-type mice. Articular chondrocyte hypertrophy with positive type X collagen and DIPEN staining occurred in both wild-type and knockout mouse joints. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that structural cartilage damage in a mouse model of OA is dependent on MMP-13 activity. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is not regulated by MMP-13 activity in this model and does not in itself lead to cartilage erosion. MMP-13 deficiency can inhibit cartilage erosion in the presence of aggrecan depletion, supporting the potential for therapeutic intervention in established OA with MMP-13 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Little
- Raymond Purves Research Laboratories, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonard's, New South Wales, Australia.
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Velasco J, Zarrabeitia MT, Prieto JR, Perez-Castrillon JL, Perez-Aguilar MD, Perez-Nuñez MI, Sañudo C, Hernandez-Elena J, Calvo I, Ortiz F, Gonzalez-Macias J, Riancho JA. Wnt pathway genes in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: differential expression and genetic association study. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:109-18. [PMID: 19373426 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In comparison with hip fractures, increased expression of genes in the Wnt pathway and increased Wnt activity were found in bone samples and osteoblast cultures from patients with osteoarthritis, suggesting the involvement of this pathway in subchondral bone changes. No consistent differences were found in the genetic association study. INTRODUCTION This study aims to explore the allelic variations and expression of Wnt pathway genes in patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. METHODS The expression of 86 genes was studied in bone samples and osteoblast primary cultures from patients with hip fractures and hip or knee osteoarthritis. The Wnt-related activity was assessed by measuring AXIN2 and in transfection experiments. Fifty-five SNPs of the LRP5, LRP6, FRZB, and SOST genes were analyzed in 1,128 patients. RESULTS Several genes were differentially expressed in bone tissue, with the lowest values usually found in hip fracture and the highest in knee osteoarthritis. Overall, seven genes were consistently upregulated both in tissue samples and in cell cultures from patients with knee osteoarthritis (BCL9, FZD5, DVL2, EP300, FRZB, LRP5, and TCF7L1). The increased expression of AXIN2 and experiments of transient transfection of osteoblasts with the TOP-Flash construct confirmed the activation of Wnt signaling. Three SNPs of the LRP5 gene and one in the LRP6 gene showed marginally significant differences in allelic frequencies across the patient groups, but they did not resist multiple-test adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Genes in the Wnt pathway are upregulated in the osteoarthritic bone, suggesting their involvement not only in cartilage distortion but also in subchondral bone changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Velasco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U M Valdecilla, IFIMAV, RETICEF, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Wang J, Gardner BM, Lu Q, Rodova M, Woodbury BG, Yost JG, Roby KF, Pinson DM, Tawfik O, Anderson HC. Transcription factor Nfat1 deficiency causes osteoarthritis through dysfunction of adult articular chondrocytes. J Pathol 2009; 219:163-72. [PMID: 19526482 DOI: 10.1002/path.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease in middle-aged and older individuals. Previous studies have shown that over-expression of matrix-degrading proteinases and proinflammatory cytokines is associated with osteoarthritic cartilage degradation. However, it remains unclear which transcription factors regulate the expression of these cartilage-degrading molecules in articular chondrocytes. This study demonstrated that mice lacking Nfat1, a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors, exhibited normal skeletal development but displayed loss of type II collagen (collagen-2) and aggrecan with over-expression of specific matrix-degrading proteinases and proinflammatory cytokines in young adult articular cartilage of load-bearing joints. These initial changes are followed by articular chondrocyte proliferation/clustering, progressive articular surface destruction, periarticular chondro-osteophyte formation and exposure of thickened subchondral bone, all of which resemble human OA. Forced expression of Nfat1 delivered with lentiviral vectors in cultured 3 month-old primary Nfat1 knockout (Nfat1(-/-)) articular chondrocytes partially or completely rescued the abnormal catabolic and anabolic activities of Nfat1(-/-) articular chondrocytes. These new findings revealed a previously unrecognized critical role of Nfat1 in maintaining the physiological function of differentiated adult articular chondrocytes through regulating the expression of specific matrix-degrading proteinases and proinflammatory cytokines. Nfat1 deficiency causes OA due to an imbalance between the catabolic and anabolic activities of adult articular chondrocytes, leading to articular cartilage degradation and failed repair activities in and around articular cartilage. These results may provide new insights into the aetiology, pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, 66160, USA.
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van der Kraan PM, Blaney Davidson EN, Blom A, van den Berg WB. TGF-beta signaling in chondrocyte terminal differentiation and osteoarthritis: modulation and integration of signaling pathways through receptor-Smads. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:1539-45. [PMID: 19583961 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocytes and alteration in chondrocyte differentiation play a central role in osteoarthritis. Chondrocyte differentiation is amongst others regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. The major intracellular signaling routes of this family are via the receptor-Smads. This review is focused on the modulation of receptor-Smad signaling and how this modulation can affect chondrocyte differentiation and potentially osteoarthritis development. METHODS Peer reviewed publications published prior to April 2009 were searched in the Pubmed database. Articles that were relevant for the role of TGF-beta superfamily/Smad signaling in chondrocyte differentiation and for differential modulation of receptor-Smads were selected. RESULTS Chondrocyte terminal differentiation is stimulated by Smad1/5/8 activation and inhibited the by Smad2/3 pathway, most likely by modulation of Runx2 function. Several proteins and signaling pathways differentially affect Smad1/5/8 and Smad2/3 signaling. This will result in an altered Smad1/5/8 and Smad2/3 balance and subsequently have an effect on chondrocyte differentiation and osteoarthritis development. CONCLUSION Modulation of receptor-Smads signaling can be expect to play an essential role in both the regulation of chondrocyte differentiation and osteoarthritis development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology & Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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