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Kim HS, Li CJ, Park SM, Kim KW, Mo JH, Jin GZ, Lee HH, Kim HW, Shin US, Lee JH. Development of an Injectable Biphasic Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel With Stress Relaxation Properties for Cartilage Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400043. [PMID: 38569577 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Biomimetic stress-relaxing hydrogels with reversible crosslinks attract significant attention for stem cell tissue regeneration compared with elastic hydrogels. However, stress-relaxing hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels fabricated using conventional technologies lack stability, biocompatibility, and mechanical tunability. Here, it is aimed to address these challenges by incorporating calcium or phosphate components into the HA backbone, which allows reversible crosslinking of HA with alginate to form interpenetrating networks, offering stability and mechanical tunability for mimicking cartilage. Diverse stress-relaxing hydrogels (τ1/2; SR50, 60-2000 s) are successfully prepared at ≈3 kPa stiffness with self-healing and shear-thinning abilities, favoring hydrogel injection. In vitro cell experiments with RNA sequencing analysis demonstrate that hydrogels tune chondrogenesis in a biphasic manner (hyaline or calcified) depending on the stress-relaxation properties and phosphate components. In vivo studies confirm the potential for biphasic chondrogenesis. These results indicate that the proposed stress-relaxing HA-based hydrogel with biphasic chondrogenesis (hyaline or calcified) is a promising material for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sem Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Cheng Ji Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Kyung Wook Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Ueon Sang Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano-biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
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Chan DD, Guilak F, Sah RL, Calve S. Mechanobiology of Hyaluronan: Connecting Biomechanics and Bioactivity in Musculoskeletal Tissues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:25-47. [PMID: 38166186 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-073123-120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) plays well-recognized mechanical and biological roles in articular cartilage and synovial fluid, where it contributes to tissue structure and lubrication. An understanding of how HA contributes to the structure of other musculoskeletal tissues, including muscle, bone, tendon, and intervertebral discs, is growing. In addition, the use of HA-based therapies to restore damaged tissue is becoming more prevalent. Nevertheless, the relationship between biomechanical stimuli and HA synthesis, degradation, and signaling in musculoskeletal tissues remains understudied, limiting the utility of HA in regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the various roles and significance of endogenous HA in musculoskeletal tissues. We use what is known and unknown to motivate new lines of inquiry into HA biology within musculoskeletal tissues and in the mechanobiology governing HA metabolism by suggesting questions that remain regarding the relationship and interaction between biological and mechanical roles of HA in musculoskeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deva D Chan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Calve
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Bačenková D, Trebuňová M, Demeterová J, Živčák J. Human Chondrocytes, Metabolism of Articular Cartilage, and Strategies for Application to Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17096. [PMID: 38069417 PMCID: PMC10707713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage, which is characterized by the absence of vascularization and innervation, has minimal self-repair potential in case of damage and defect formation in the chondral layer. Chondrocytes are specialized cells that ensure the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, namely type II collagen and aggregen. On their surface, they express integrins CD44, α1β1, α3β1, α5β1, α10β1, αVβ1, αVβ3, and αVβ5, which are also collagen-binding components of the extracellular matrix. This article aims to contribute to solving the problem of the possible repair of chondral defects through unique methods of tissue engineering, as well as the process of pathological events in articular cartilage. In vitro cell culture models used for hyaline cartilage repair could bring about advanced possibilities. Currently, there are several variants of the combination of natural and synthetic polymers and chondrocytes. In a three-dimensional environment, chondrocytes retain their production capacity. In the case of mesenchymal stromal cells, their favorable ability is to differentiate into a chondrogenic lineage in a three-dimensional culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
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Qin Y, Coleman RM. Ligand Composition and Coating Density Co-Modulate the Chondrocyte Function on Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate). J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:468. [PMID: 37754882 PMCID: PMC10531919 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing chondrocyte redifferentiation and promoting cartilaginous matrix accumulation are key challenges in the application of biomaterials in articular cartilage repair. Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) (PGD) is a viable candidate for scaffold design in cartilage tissue engineering (CTE). However, the surface properties of PGD are not ideal for cell attachment and growth due to its relative hydrophobicity compared with natural extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, PGD was coated with various masses of collagen type I or hyaluronic acid, individually or in combination, to generate a cell-material interface with biological cues. The effects of ligand composition and density on the PGD surface properties and shape, metabolic activity, cell phenotype, and ECM production of human articular chondrocytes (hACs) were evaluated. Introducing ECM ligands on PGD significantly improved its hydrophilicity and promoted the chondrocyte's anabolic activity. The morphology and anabolic activity of hACs on PGD were co-modulated by ligand composition and density, suggesting a combinatorial effect of both coating parameters on chondrocyte function during monolayer culture. Hyaluronic acid and its combination with collagen maintained a round cell shape and redifferentiated phenotype. This study demonstrated the complex mechanism of ligand-guided interactions between cell and biomaterial substrate and the potential of PGD as a scaffold material in the field of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Rhima M. Coleman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Ahn Y, Moon YS, Park GY, Cho SC, Lee YJ, Kwon DR, Lee SC. Efficacy of Intra-articular Triamcinolone and Hyaluronic Acid in a Frozen Shoulder Rat Model. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2881-2890. [PMID: 37551671 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231188524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-articular corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid (HA) is commonly prescribed for frozen shoulder. However, few studies have investigated histological and molecular changes after injection. PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of intra-articular injections of triamcinolone and HA in a frozen shoulder rat model and verify a greater effect of triamcinolone in passive shoulder abduction compared with HA. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n = 5 in each): control group, which did not receive cast immobilization or injection, and 3 experimental groups, which received 3 weeks of unilateral shoulder immobilization followed by intra-articular injections (normal saline, triamcinolone, or HA) at the immobilized shoulder. Passive shoulder abduction angle, histological and immunohistochemical staining, and Western blotting results were assessed 2 weeks after injection. The intensity and extent of staining were converted to semiquantitative scores for further analysis. RESULTS Shoulder abduction angles before sacrifice were 153.0°± 2.7° (control group), 107.0°± 5.7° (saline group), 139.0°± 9.6° (triamcinoline group), and 110.0°± 10.6° (HA group), showing significant differences between control and saline groups, control and HA groups, saline and triamcinoline groups, and triamcinoline and HA groups (P < .001) but not between control and triamcinoline groups (P = .053). Histologic evaluation revealed an increase in synovial folds and thickening of the capsular membrane in the saline and HA groups; this change was not evident in the triamcinolone group. A comparison of semiquantitative scores revealed greater expression levels of proteins involved in fibrosis and angiogenesis in the saline and HA groups compared with the control and triamcinolone groups. In Western blotting, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the receptor for advanced glycation end products was significantly lower in the triamcinolone and HA groups than in the saline group. CONCLUSION Triamcinolone injection was more effective than normal saline or HA injection in improving range of motion and reversing fibrotic and angiogenic features of frozen shoulder. Both triamcinolone and HA injections elicited anti-inflammatory effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The antifibrotic and antiangiogenic properties of triamcinolone and the anti-inflammatory properties of both triamcinolone and HA should be considered when performing injections in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Ahn
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Moon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Rak Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Thomas J, Chopra V, Rajput S, Guha R, Chattopadhyay N, Ghosh D. Post-Implantation Stiffening by a Bioinspired, Double-Network, Self-Healing Hydrogel Facilitates Minimally Invasive Cell Delivery for Cartilage Regeneration. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37376790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have demonstrated advantages in cartilage repair by enabling the delivery of cells through a minimally invasive approach. However, several injectable hydrogels suffer from rapid degradation and low mechanical strength. Moreover, higher mechanical stiffness in hydrogels can have a detrimental effect on post-implantation cell viability. To address these challenges, we developed an in situ forming bioinspired double network hydrogel (BDNH) that exhibits temperature-dependent stiffening after implantation. The BDNH mimics the microarchitecture of aggrecan, with hyaluronic acid-conjugated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) providing rigidity and Schiff base crosslinked polymers serving as the ductile counterpart. BDNHs exhibited self-healing property and enhanced stiffness at physiological temperature. Excellent cell viability, long time cell proliferation, and cartilage specific matrix production were observed in the chondrocytes cultured in the BDNH hydrogel. Evidence of cartilage regeneration in a rabbit cartilage defect model using chondrocyte-laden BDNH has suggested it to be a potential candidate for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Thomas
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vianni Chopra
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Vaca-González JJ, Culma JJS, Nova LMH, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Anatomy, molecular structures, and hyaluronic acid - Gelatin injectable hydrogels as a therapeutic alternative for hyaline cartilage recovery: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 37178328 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage damage caused by trauma or osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that can increase the social and economic burden in society. Due to its avascular characteristics, the poor migration ability of chondrocytes, and a low number of progenitor cells, the self-healing ability of cartilage defects has been significantly limited. Hydrogels have been developed into one of the most suitable biomaterials for the regeneration of cartilage because of its characteristics such as high-water absorption, biodegradation, porosity, and biocompatibility similar to natural extracellular matrix. Therefore, the present review article presents a conceptual framework that summarizes the anatomical, molecular structure and biochemical properties of hyaline cartilage located in long bones: articular cartilage and growth plate. Moreover, the importance of preparation and application of hyaluronic acid - gelatin hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering are included. Hydrogels possess benefits of stimulating the production of Agc1, Col2α1-IIa, and SOX9, molecules important for the synthesis and composition of the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Accordingly, they are believed to be promising biomaterials of therapeutic alternatives to treat cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jairo Vaca-González
- Escuela de Pregrado, Dirección Académica, Vicerrectoría de Sede, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, Cesar, Colombia
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan José Saiz Culma
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Diego Alexander Garzón-Alvarado
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Bartoli M, Piatti E, Tagliaferro A. A Short Review on Nanostructured Carbon Containing Biopolymer Derived Composites for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061567. [PMID: 36987346 PMCID: PMC10056897 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new scaffolds and materials for tissue engineering is a wide and open realm of material science. Among solutions, the use of biopolymers represents a particularly interesting area of study due to their great chemical complexity that enables creation of specific molecular architectures. However, biopolymers do not exhibit the properties required for direct application in tissue repair-such as mechanical and electrical properties-but they do show very attractive chemical functionalities which are difficult to produce through in vitro synthesis. The combination of biopolymers with nanostructured carbon fillers could represent a robust solution to enhance composite properties, producing composites with new and unique features, particularly relating to electronic conduction. In this paper, we provide a review of the field of carbonaceous nanostructure-containing biopolymer composites, limiting our investigation to tissue-engineering applications, and providing a complete overview of the recent and most outstanding achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Erik Piatti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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Deng H, Wang J, An R. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels: As an exosome delivery system in bone regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1131001. [PMID: 37007032 PMCID: PMC10063825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1131001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing various ingredients such as DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins, which play a significant role in intercellular communication. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important role of exosomes in bone regeneration through promoting the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins in mesenchymal stem cells. However, the low targeting ability and short circulating half-life of exosomes limited their clinical application. In order to solve those problems, different delivery systems and biological scaffolds have been developed. Hydrogel is a kind of absorbable biological scaffold composed of three-dimensional hydrophilic polymers. It not only has excellent biocompatibility and superior mechanical strength but can also provide a suitable nutrient environment for the growth of the endogenous cells. Thus, the combination between exosomes and hydrogels can improve the stability and maintain the biological activity of exosomes while achieving the sustained release of exosomes in the bone defect sites. As an important component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and cancer. In recent years, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have been used as an exosome delivery system for bone regeneration and have displayed positive effects. This review mainly summarized the potential mechanism of HA and exosomes in promoting bone regeneration and the application prospects and challenges of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels as exosome delivery devices in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ran An
- *Correspondence: Jiecong Wang, ; Ran An,
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Zhang K, Li M, Yao W, Wan L. Cytotoxicity of Local Anesthetics on Bone, Joint, and Muscle Tissues: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature. J Pain Res 2023; 16:611-621. [PMID: 36875687 PMCID: PMC9983438 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s398329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local anesthetics are commonly used in surgical procedures to control pain in patients. Whilst the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of local anesthetics have received much attention, the cytotoxicity they exert against bone, joint, and muscle tissues has yet to be well recognized. Objective This review aimed to raise awareness regarding how local anesthetics may cause tissue damage and provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of local anesthetic-induced cytotoxicity. We summarized the latest progress on the cytotoxicity of local anesthetics and the underlying mechanisms and discussed potential strategies to reduce it. Findings We found that the toxic effects of local anesthetics on bone, joint, and muscle tissues were time- and concentration-dependent in vitro. Local anesthetics induced apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy through specific cellular pathways. Altogether, this review indicates that toxicity of local anesthetics may be avoided by rationally selecting the appropriate anesthetic, limiting the total amount, and determining the lowest effective concentration and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Frerker N, Karlsen TA, Stensland M, Nyman TA, Rayner S, Brinchmann JE. Comparison between articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells for the production of articular cartilage implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1116513. [PMID: 36896010 PMCID: PMC9989206 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1116513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal lesions of articular cartilage give rise to pain and reduced joint function and may, if left untreated, lead to osteoarthritis. Implantation of in vitro generated, scaffold-free autologous cartilage discs may represent the best treatment option. Here we compare articular chondrocytes (ACs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for their ability to make scaffold-free cartilage discs. Articular chondrocytes produced more extracellular matrix per seeded cell than mesenchymal stromal cells. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that articular chondrocyte discs contained more articular cartilage proteins, while mesenchymal stromal cell discs had more proteins associated with cartilage hypertrophy and bone formation. Sequencing analysis revealed more microRNAs associated with normal cartilage in articular chondrocyte discs, and large-scale target predictions, performed for the first time for in vitro chondrogenesis, suggested that differential expression of microRNAs in the two disc types were important mechanisms behind differential synthesis of proteins. We conclude that articular chondrocytes should be preferred over mesenchymal stromal cells for tissue engineering of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Frerker
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy A Karlsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Stensland
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Rayner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kowalski MA, Fernandes LM, Hammond KE, Labib S, Drissi H, Patel JM. Cartilage-penetrating hyaluronic acid hydrogel preserves tissue content and reduces chondrocyte catabolism. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1138-1148. [PMID: 36178309 DOI: 10.1002/term.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries have a limited healing capacity and, due to inflammatory and catabolic activities, often experience progressive degeneration towards osteoarthritis. Current repair techniques generally provide short-term symptomatic relief; however, the regeneration of hyaline cartilage remains elusive, leaving both the repair tissue and surrounding healthy tissue susceptible to long-term wear. Therefore, methods to preserve cartilage following injury, especially from matrix loss and catabolism, are needed to delay, or even prevent, the deteriorative process. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a cartilage-penetrating hyaluronic-acid (HA) hydrogel to improve damaged cartilage biomechanics and prevent tissue degeneration. At time zero, the HA-based hydrogel provided a 46.5% increase in compressive modulus and a decrease in permeability after simulated degeneration of explants (collagenase application). Next, in a degenerative culture model (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] for 2 weeks), hydrogel application prior to or midway through the culture mitigated detrimental changes to compressive modulus and permeability observed in non-treated explants. Furthermore, localized loss of proteoglycan was observed in degenerative culture conditions alone (non-treated), but hydrogel administration significantly improved the retention of matrix elements. Finally, NITEGE staining and gene expression analysis showed the ability of the HA gel to decrease chondrocyte catabolic activity. These results highlight the importance of reinforcing damaged cartilage with a biomaterial system to both preserve tissue content and reduce catabolism associated with injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kowalski
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorenzo M Fernandes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle E Hammond
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sameh Labib
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jay M Patel
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Wang M, Deng Z, Guo Y, Xu P. Designing functional hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100495. [PMID: 36420054 PMCID: PMC9676212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to cartilage tissues is often difficult to repair owing to chronic inflammation and a lack of bioactive factors. Therefore, developing bioactive materials, such as hydrogels acting as extracellular matrix mimics, that can inhibit the inflammatory microenvironment and promote cartilage repair is crucial. Hyaluronic acid, which exists in cartilage and synovial fluid, has been extensively investigated for cartilage tissue engineering because of its promotion of cell adhesion and proliferation, regulation of inflammation, and enhancement of cartilage regeneration. However, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have poor degradation rates and unfavorable mechanical properties, limiting their application in cartilage tissue engineering. Recently, various multifunctional hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels, including alkenyl, aldehyde, thiolated, phenolized, hydrazide, and host–guest group-modified hydrogels, have been extensively studied for use in cartilage tissue engineering. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the multifunctional design of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their application in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, we outline the future research prospects and directions in cartilage tissue regeneration. This would provide theoretical guidance for developing hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with specific properties to satisfy the requirements of cartilage tissue repair.
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14
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Mallah AH, Amr M, Gozen A, Mendenhall J, Van-Wie BJ, Abu-Lail NI. Interleukin 1β and lipopolysaccharides induction dictate chondrocyte morphological properties and reduce cellular roughness and adhesion energy comparatively. Biointerphases 2022; 17:051001. [PMID: 36180273 PMCID: PMC9526521 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease marked by the degradation of the articular cartilage (AC) tissue, chronic inflammation, and bone remodeling. Upon AC's injury, proinflammatory mediators including interleukin 1β (IL1β) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play major roles in the onset and progression of OA. The objective of this study was to mechanistically detect and compare the effects of IL1β and LPS, separately, on the morphological and nanomechanical properties of bovine chondrocytes. Cells were seeded overnight in a full serum medium and the next day divided into three main groups: A negative control (NC) of a reduced serum medium and 10 ng/ml IL1ß or 10 ng/ml LPS-modified media. Cells were induced for 24 h. Nanomechanical properties (elastic modulus and adhesion energy) and roughness were quantified using atomic force microscopy. Nitric oxide, prostaglandin 2 (PGE2), and matrix metalloproteinases 3 (MMP3) contents; viability of cells; and extracellular matrix components were quantified. Our data revealed that viability of the cells was not affected by inflammatory induction and IL1ß induction increased PGE2. Elastic moduli of cells were similar among IL1β and NC while LPS significantly decreased the elasticity compared to NC. IL1ß induction resulted in least cellular roughness while LPS induction resulted in least adhesion energy compared to NC. Our images suggest that IL1ß and LPS inflammation affect cellular morphology with cytoskeleton rearrangements and the presence of stress fibers. Finally, our results suggest that the two investigated inflammatory mediators modulated chondrocytes' immediate responses to inflammation in variable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia H. Mallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Mahmoud Amr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Arda Gozen
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Juana Mendenhall
- Department of Chemistry, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia 30314
| | - Bernard J. Van-Wie
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Nehal I. Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, Texas 78249
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15
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Kitahashi T, Kogawa R, Nakamura K, Sekiya I. Integrin β1, PDGFRβ, and type II collagen are essential for meniscus regeneration by synovial mesenchymal stem cells in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14148. [PMID: 35986079 PMCID: PMC9391488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSynovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injected into the knee promote meniscus regeneration in several animal models; however, the mode of action is unknown. Our purpose was to identify the molecules responsible for this meniscus regeneration. Rat synovial MSCs were treated with neutralizing antibodies for integrin β1, PDGFRβ, or CD44 or with the CRISPR/Cas9 system to delete Vcam1, Tnfr1, or Col2a1 genes. After partial meniscectomy, rat knees were injected with MSCs, and the regenerated meniscus area was quantified three weeks later. The in vivo and in vitro functions were compared between the treated and control MSCs. Anti-integrin β1 neutralizing antibody inhibited in vitro MSC adhesion to collagen-coated chambers, anti-PDGFRβ neutralizing antibody inhibited proliferation in culture dishes, and Col2a1 deletion inhibited in vitro chondrogenesis. In vivo, the regenerated meniscus area was significantly smaller after injection of MSCs treated with integrin β1 and PDGFRβ neutralizing antibodies or lacking type II collagen gene than after control MSC injection. By contrast, the regenerated areas were similar after injection of control, CD44-, Vcam1-, or Tnfr1 treated MSCs (n = 12–16) MSCs. Synovial MSCs injected into the knee joint promoted meniscus regeneration by adhesion to integrin β1 in the meniscectomized region, proliferation by PDGFRβ, and cartilage matrix production from type II collagen.
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16
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Guimarães CF, Marques AP, Reis RL. Pushing the Natural Frontier: Progress on the Integration of Biomaterial Cues toward Combinatorial Biofabrication and Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105645. [PMID: 35419887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of fully functional, biological-like tissues requires biomaterials to direct cellular events to a near-native, 3D niche extent. Natural biomaterials are generally seen as a safe option for cell support, but their biocompatibility and biodegradability can be just as limited as their bioactive/biomimetic performance. Furthermore, integrating different biomaterial cues and their final impact on cellular behavior is a complex equation where the outcome might be very different from the sum of individual parts. This review critically analyses recent progress on biomaterial-induced cellular responses, from simple adhesion to more complex stem cell differentiation, looking at the ever-growing possibilities of natural materials modification. Starting with a discussion on native material formulation and the inclusion of cell-instructive cues, the roles of shape and mechanical stimuli, the susceptibility to cellular remodeling, and the often-overlooked impact of cellular density and cell-cell interactions within constructs, are delved into. Along the way, synergistic and antagonistic combinations reported in vitro and in vivo are singled out, identifying needs and current lessons on the development of natural biomaterial libraries to solve the cell-material puzzle efficiently. This review brings together knowledge from different fields envisioning next-generation, combinatorial biomaterial development toward complex tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Guimarães
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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17
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New Hyaluronic Acid from Plant Origin to Improve Joint Protection—An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158114. [PMID: 35897688 PMCID: PMC9332867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent decades, hyaluronic acid (HA) has attracted great attention as a new treatment option for osteoarthritis. Classical therapies are not able to stop the cartilage degeneration process nor do they favor tissue repair. Nowadays, it is accepted that high molecular weight HA can reduce inflammation by promoting tissue regeneration; therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of a new high molecular weight HA of plant origin (called GreenIuronic®) in maintaining joint homeostasis and preventing the harmful processes of osteoarthritis. Methods: The bioavailability of GreenIuronic® was investigated in a 3D intestinal barrier model that mimics human oral intake while excluding damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, the chemical significance and biological properties of GreenIuronic® were investigated in conditions that simulate osteoarthritis. Results: Our data demonstrated that GreenIuronic® crosses the intestinal barrier without side effects as it has a chemical–biological profile, which could be responsible for many specific chondrocyte functions. Furthermore, in the osteoarthritis model, GreenIuronic® can modulate the molecular mechanism responsible for preventing and restoring the degradation of cartilage. Conclusion: According to our results, this new form of HA appears to be well absorbed and distributed to chondrocytes, preserving their biological activities. Therefore, the oral administration of GreenIuronic® in humans can be considered a valid strategy to obtain beneficial therapeutic effects during osteoarthritis.
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18
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Zerrillo L, Gigliobianco MR, D’Atri D, Garcia JP, Baldazzi F, Ridwan Y, Fuentes G, Chan A, Creemers LB, Censi R, Di Martino P, Cruz LJ. PLGA Nanoparticles Grafted with Hyaluronic Acid to Improve Site-Specificity and Drug Dose Delivery in Osteoarthritis Nanotherapy. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132248. [PMID: 35808084 PMCID: PMC9268068 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have a tremendous potential in medicinal applications, and recent studies have pushed the boundaries in nanotherapy, including in osteoarthritis treatments. The aim of this study was to develop new poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) surfaces decorated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to enhance targeted drug specificity to the osteoarthritic knee joint. HA was selected since it binds to specific receptors expressed in many cells, such as the cluster determinant 44 (CD44), a major receptor of chondrocytes, and because of its function in the synovial fluid (SF), such as maintenance of high fluid viscosity. The PLGA polymer was grafted to sodium hyaluronate using dimethoxy-PEG (PLGA-HA) and compared with control PLGA NPs (not grafted). NPs were characterized by 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Then, near-infrared (NIR) dye and gold (20 nm) were encapsulated in the formulated NPs and used to access NPs’ performance in in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments. To test the NPs’ CD44 receptor specificity, an antibody assay was performed. All NPs presented a size in the range viable for cell-uptake, no cytotoxicity to chondrocytes was registered. Although all the NPs had a high capacity to be absorbed by the cells, PLGA-HA NPs showed significantly higher affinity towards the chondrocytic C28/I2 cell line. In conclusion, PLGA NPs grafted to sodium hyaluronate showed increased binding to cartilage cells and tissue and enhanced accumulation at the target site. Thus, this study presents a safe drug-delivery system with improved receptor specificity, which may represent an advantageous alternative to current nanotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Zerrillo
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Percuros B.V., Zernikedreef 8, 2333CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Rosa Gigliobianco
- Percuros B.V., Zernikedreef 8, 2333CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.G.); (A.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Domenico D’Atri
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200, Israel;
| | - Joao Pedro Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, Utrecht Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.G.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Fabio Baldazzi
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Percuros B.V., Zernikedreef 8, 2333CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gastón Fuentes
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Department of Ceramic and Metallic Biomaterials, Biomaterials Center, University of Havana, Ave. Universidad e/G y Ronda, Vedado, Plaza, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V., Zernikedreef 8, 2333CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Utrecht Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.G.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, Utrecht Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.P.G.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Piera Di Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, Università “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti e Pescara, Via dei Vestini 1, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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von Mentzer U, Corciulo C, Stubelius A. Biomaterial Integration in the Joint: Pathological Considerations, Immunomodulation, and the Extracellular Matrix. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200037. [PMID: 35420256 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Defects of articular joints are becoming an increasing societal burden due to a persistent increase in obesity and aging. For some patients suffering from cartilage erosion, joint replacement is the final option to regain proper motion and limit pain. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify novel strategies enabling earlier intervention to promote regeneration and cartilage healing. With the introduction of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), researchers have tapped into the potential for increased tissue regeneration by designing biomaterials with inherent biochemical and immunomodulatory signals. Compared to conventional and synthetic materials, dECM-based materials invoke a reduced foreign body response. It is therefore highly beneficial to understand the interplay of how these native tissue-based materials initiate a favorable remodeling process by the immune system. Yet, such an understanding also demands increasing considerations of the pathological environment and remodeling processes, especially for materials designed for early disease intervention. This knowledge would avoid rejection and help predict complications in conditions with inflammatory components such as arthritides. This review outlines general issues facing biomaterial integration and emphasizes the importance of tissue-derived macromolecular components in regulating essential homeostatic, immunological, and pathological processes to increase biomaterial integration for patients suffering from joint degenerative diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula von Mentzer
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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20
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Evenbratt H, Andreasson L, Bicknell V, Brittberg M, Mobini R, Simonsson S. Insights into the present and future of cartilage regeneration and joint repair. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35106664 PMCID: PMC8807792 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems. Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible cures. Current treatments do not fulfill patients' long-term needs, and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation. Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area. Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex, and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital. The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development. Thus, morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage. In this review, we have summarized the problems with current treatments, potential cell sources for cell therapy, reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field, and highlighted the importance of cell quality, characterization assays, and chemically defined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Andreasson
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V. Bicknell
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M. Brittberg
- Cartilage Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, S-434 80 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - R. Mobini
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S. Simonsson
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Zhou H, Yuan L, Xu Z, Yi X, Wu X, Mu C, Ge L, Li D. Mimicking the Composition and Structure of the Osteochondral Tissue to Fabricate a Heterogeneous Three-Layer Scaffold for the Repair of Osteochondral Defects. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:734-746. [PMID: 35094516 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous three-layer scaffolds were fabricated by mimicking the biochemical composition and structure of the hyaline cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone of the osteochondral tissue for the repair of osteochondral defects. The hyaline cartilage layer was composed of collagen I (50.0 wt %) and sodium hyaluronate (50.0 wt %). The calcified cartilage layer and subchondral bone layer were composed of collagen I, sodium hyaluronate, and nanohydroxyapatite with different proportions. N-Hydroxysuccinimide/N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride was used to mediate the crosslinking reaction of the amine groups of collagen with carboxyl groups of sodium hyaluronate. The hyaline cartilage layer and calcified cartilage layer were designed as dense structures, while the subchondral bone layer was designed as a relatively loose structure by adjusting the crosslinking degree. The scaffolds displayed a uniform and interconnected porous structure and possessed a high porosity over 85%, which were conducive to cellular adhesion and proliferation. The scaffolds could remain at 50-75% after 30 days of degradation owing to crosslinking, providing enough time for the regeneration of the osteochondral tissue. Especially, the hyaline cartilage layer and calcified cartilage layer preferred to induce the proliferation of chondrocytes, while the subchondral bone layer was more conducive to the proliferation of osteoblasts. In conclusion, the heterogeneous multilayer scaffolds could serve as implant materials for osteochondral reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lun Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhilang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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22
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Asensio G, Benito-Garzón L, Ramírez-Jiménez RA, Guadilla Y, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Abradelo C, Parra J, Martín-López MR, Aguilar MR, Vázquez-Lasa B, Rojo L. Biomimetic Gradient Scaffolds Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Sr/Zn Folates for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:12. [PMID: 35012034 PMCID: PMC8747647 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies based on tissue engineering are becoming the most promising alternative for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, regeneration of full-thickness articular osteochondral defects that reproduces the complexity of native cartilage and osteochondral interface still remains challenging. Hence, in this work, we present the fabrication, physic-chemical characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of biomimetic hierarchical scaffolds that mimic both the spatial organization and composition of cartilage and the osteochondral interface. The scaffold is composed of a composite porous support obtained by cryopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) in the presence of biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), bioactive tricalcium phosphate β-TCP and the bone promoting strontium folate (SrFO), with a gradient biomimetic photo-polymerized methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) based hydrogel containing the bioactive zinc folic acid derivative (ZnFO). Microscopical analysis of hierarchical scaffolds showed an open interconnected porous open microstructure and the in vitro behaviour results indicated high swelling capacity with a sustained degradation rate. In vitro release studies during 3 weeks indicated the sustained leaching of bioactive compounds, i.e., Sr2+, Zn2+ and folic acid, within a biologically active range without negative effects on human osteoblast cells (hOBs) and human articular cartilage cells (hACs) cultures. In vitro co-cultures of hOBs and hACs revealed guided cell colonization and proliferation according to the matrix microstructure and composition. In vivo rabbit-condyle experiments in a critical-sized defect model showed the ability of the biomimetic scaffold to promote the regeneration of cartilage-like tissue over the scaffold and neoformation of osteochondral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Asensio
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
| | - Lorena Benito-Garzón
- Departamento de Anatomía e Histología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rosa Ana Ramírez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
| | - Yasmina Guadilla
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Julian Gonzalez-Rubio
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcon, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Abradelo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcon, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.A.)
| | - Juan Parra
- Unidad Asociada de I+D al CSIC Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Biopatología Experimental, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, SACYL, 05003 Avila, Spain; (J.P.); (M.R.M.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rocío Martín-López
- Unidad Asociada de I+D al CSIC Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Biopatología Experimental, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, SACYL, 05003 Avila, Spain; (J.P.); (M.R.M.-L.)
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Meng F, Yang Z, Long D, Gu M, Shang M, Zeng A, Wen X, Xue Y, Zhao X, He A. Hyaluronan size alters chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on tricalcium phosphate-collagen-hyaluronan scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:838-850. [PMID: 34859573 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) provides a favorable environment for chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). A previous report from our group indicated that addition of HA increases the chondro-inductive capacity of scaffolds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the Mw of the HA could affect chondrogenesis of BMSCs seeded on TCP-COL-HA scaffolds. Human BMSCs (hBMSCs) and rabbit BMSCs (rBMSCs) were isolated and expanded. TCP-COL scaffolds and TCP-COL-HA scaffolds with two different HA Mws were assessed for their capacity to induce cartilage regeneration from hBMSCs in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that about 96.96% of hBMSCs expressed CD44. Moreover, Hyal-1 and chondrogenic marker genes expressions were increased in hMSCs seeded on TCP-COL-HA scaffolds, and blocking the HA-CD44 interaction with an anti-CD44 antibody reduced the expression levels of Hyal-1 and chondrogenic marker genes. Additionally, TCP-COL-HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed greater induction of BMSC chondrogenesis induction compared with those with 80 kDa Mw. Similar results were observed in an ectopic implantation nude mouse model. In a rabbit osteochondral defect repair model, rBMSCs seeded on TCP-COL-HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed greater cartilage regeneration than those seeded with 80 kDa Mw. In addition, hBMSC-seeded TCP-COL-HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed a significantly higher mechanical strength than those with 80 kDa Mw. Collectively, these results indicate that the Mw of HA could affect chondrogenesis of BMSCs seeded on TCP-COL-HA scaffolds. The TCP-COL-HA scaffolds might be used as allogenic off the shelf products in cartilage tissue engineering in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangang Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibo Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianbo Long
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Gu
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anyu Zeng
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhao Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueran Xue
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aishan He
- Department of Joint Surgery/Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Hyaluronic Acid as a Carrier Supports the Effects of Glucocorticoids and Diminishes the Cytotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics in Human Articular Chondrocytes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111503. [PMID: 34768933 PMCID: PMC8583767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of co-administrating local anesthetics (LA) with glucocorticoids (GC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in vitro. Human articular cartilage was obtained from five patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Chondrocytes were isolated, expanded, and seeded in 24-well plates for experimental testing. LA (lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine) were administered separately and co-administered with the following substances: GC, HA, and GC/HA. Viability was confirmed by microscopic images, flow cytometry, metabolic activity, and live/dead assay. The addition of HA and GC/HA resulted in enhanced attachment and branched appearance of the chondrocytes compared to LA and LA/GC. Metabolic activity was better in all LA co-administered with HA and GC/HA than with GC and only LA. Flow cytometry revealed the lowest cell viability in lidocaine and the highest cell viability in ropivacaine. This finding was also confirmed by live/dead assay. In conclusion, HA supports the effect of GC and reduces chondrotoxic effects of LA in vitro. Thereby, the co-administration of HA to LA and GC offers an alternative less chondrotoxic approach for treating patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee.
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25
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Nguyen M, Liu JC, Panitch A. Physical and Bioactive Properties of Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels Modulated by Polymer Design Parameters and Polymer Ratio. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4316-4326. [PMID: 34520173 PMCID: PMC10753269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), have seen widespread adoption as components of tissue engineering scaffolds because of their potent bioactive properties and ease of chemical modification. However, modification of the biopolymers will impair biological recognition of the GAG and reduce the bioactive properties of the material. In this work, we studied how the degree of thiolation of HA and CS, along with other key hydrogel design parameters, affected the physical and bioactive properties of the bulk hydrogel. Although properties, such as the HA molecular weight, did not have a major effect, increasing the degree of thiolation of both HA and CS decreased their biorecognition in experimental analogues for cell/matrix remodeling and binding. Furthermore, combining HA and CS into dual polymer network hydrogels also modulated the physical and bioactive properties, as seen with differences in gel stiffness, degradation rate, and encapsulated cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817
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26
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Abstract
Biopolymers are natural polymers sourced from plants and animals, which include a variety of polysaccharides and polypeptides. The inclusion of biopolymers into biomedical hydrogels is of great interest because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, such as cellular adhesion, degradation, and viscoelasticity. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview of the design and development of biopolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications, with an emphasis on biopolymer chemical modifications and cross-linking methods. First, the fundamentals of biopolymers and chemical conjugation methods to introduce cross-linking groups are described. Cross-linking methods to form biopolymer networks are then discussed in detail, including (i) covalent cross-linking (e.g., free radical chain polymerization, click cross-linking, cross-linking due to oxidation of phenolic groups), (ii) dynamic covalent cross-linking (e.g., Schiff base formation, disulfide formation, reversible Diels-Alder reactions), and (iii) physical cross-linking (e.g., guest-host interactions, hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand coordination, grafted biopolymers). Finally, recent advances in the use of chemically modified biopolymer hydrogels for the biofabrication of tissue scaffolds, therapeutic delivery, tissue adhesives and sealants, as well as the formation of interpenetrating network biopolymer hydrogels, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G. Muir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Hyaluronic Acid Ameliorate the Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and hyaluronan acid (HA) combination to attenuate osteoarthritis progression in the knee while simultaneously providing some insights on the mitigation mechanism. In vitro, the effect of hUC-MSCs with HA treatment on chondrocyte cell viability and the cytokine profile were analyzed. Additionally, the antioxidation capability of hUC-MSCs-CM (conditioned medium) with HA towards H2O2-induced chondrocyte cell damage was evaluated. The HA addition increased the hUC-MSC antioxidation capability and cytokine secretion, such as Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), while no adverse effect on the cell viability was observed. In vivo, the intra-articular injection of hUC-MSCs with HA to a mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rat model was performed and investigated. Attenuation of the KOA progression in the MIA-damaged rat model was seen best in hUC-MSCs with a HA combination compared to the vehicle control or each individual element. Combining hUC-MSCs and HA resulted in a synergistic effect, such as increasing the cell therapeutic capability while incurring no observable adverse effects. Therefore, this combinatorial therapy is feasible and has promising potential to ameliorate KOA progression.
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28
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Katoh S, Yoshioka H, Senthilkumar R, Preethy S, Abraham SJK. Enhanced expression of hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis-affected knee-cartilage chondrocytes during three-dimensional in vitro culture in a hyaluronic-acid-retaining polymer scaffold. Knee 2021; 29:365-373. [PMID: 33690017 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte transplantation to address cartilage damage is an established solution. Because hyaluronic acid (HA) is an essential component for homeostasis of the cartilage, in order to arrive at methodologies to utilize its advantages in cell-based therapies, we compared the HA retention capability of a thermoreversible gelation polymer scaffold-based environment (3D-TGP) with conventional in vitro cell culture methodologies. METHODS Chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritis-affected knee joint cartilage of elderly patients were used and accomplished in three phases. In Phase I, the levels of HA secreted by chondrocytes were measured in culture supernatant. In Phase II, retention capacity of externally added HA was quantified indirectly by measuring the HA released in culture supernatant, and in Phase III, the expression of CD44 on cells was analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In Phase I, the average HA in the 3D supernatant was 3% that of 2D. In phase II, 80% of externally added HA was detected in the 2D on day 7, while in 3D-TGP, only 0.1% was released until day 21. In Phase III, 2D yielded individual cells that started degenerating from the third week; in 3D-TGP cells grew for a longer duration, formed a tissue-like architecture with extracellular matrix with significantly intense staining of CD44 than 2D. CONCLUSION The capability of the 3D-TGP culture environment to retain HA and support chondrocytes to grow with a tissue-like architecture expressing higher HA content is considered advantageous as it serves as an in vitro culture platform that enables tissue engineering of cartilage tissue with native hyaline phenotype and higher HA expression. The in vitro environment being conducive, based on this data, we also recommend that the TGP be tried as an encapsulation material in clinical studies of chondrocyte implantation for optimal clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Katoh
- Edogawa Evolutionary Lab of Science, Edogawa Hospital Campus, Edogawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Rajappa Senthilkumar
- The Fujio-Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Preethy
- The Fujio-Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel J K Abraham
- II Department of Surgery & CACR, Yamanashi University-Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan; The Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; JBM Inc., Edogawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; GN Corporation Co. Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan.
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29
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He T, Li B, Colombani T, Joshi-Navare K, Mehta S, Kisiday J, Bencherif SA, Bajpayee AG. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Shape-Memory Cryogel Scaffolds for Focal Cartilage Defect Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:748-760. [PMID: 33108972 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic joint injuries can result in significant cartilage defects, which can greatly increase the risk of osteoarthritis development. Due to the limited self-healing capacity of avascular cartilage, tissue engineering approaches are required for filling defects and promoting cartilage regeneration. Current approaches utilize invasive surgical procedures for extraction and implantation of autologous chondrocytes; therefore, injectable biomaterials have gained interest to minimize the risk of infection as well as patient pain and discomfort. In this study, we engineered biomimetic, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based cryogel scaffolds that possess shape-memory properties as they contract and regain their shape after syringe injection to noninvasively fill cartilage defects. The cryogels, fabricated with HA and glycidyl methacrylate at -20°C, resulted in an elastic, macroporous, and highly interconnected network that provided a conducive microenvironment for chondrocytes to remain viable and metabolically active after injection through a syringe needle. Chondrocytes seeded within cryogels and cultured for 15 days exhibited enhanced cell proliferation, metabolism, and production of cartilage extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans compared with HA-based hydrogels. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed production of collagen type II from chondrocyte-seeded cryogels, indicating the maintenance of cell phenotype. These results demonstrate the potential of chondrocyte-seeded, HA-based, injectable cryogel scaffolds to promote regeneration of cartilage tissue for nonsurgically invasive defect repair. Impact statement Hyaluronic acid-based shape-memory cryogels provide a conducive microenvironment for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation, and matrix biosynthesis for use in repair of cartilage defects. Due to their sponge-like elastic properties, cryogels can fully recover their original shape back after injection while not impacting metabolism or viability of encapsulated cells. Clinically, they provide an opportunity for filling focal cartilage defects by using a single, minimally invasive injection of a cell encapsulating biocompatible three-dimensional scaffold that can return to its original structure to fit the defect geometry and enable matrix regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei He
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boting Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kasturi Joshi-Navare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Kisiday
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sidi A Bencherif
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ambika G Bajpayee
- Department of Bioengineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Amirdelfan K, Bae H, McJunkin T, DePalma M, Kim K, Beckworth WJ, Ghiselli G, Bainbridge JS, Dryer R, Deer TR, Brown RD. Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells treatment for chronic low back pain associated with degenerative disc disease: a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled 36-month study of safety and efficacy. Spine J 2021; 21:212-230. [PMID: 33045417 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT PURPOSE Evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single intradiscal injection of STRO-3+ adult allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) in subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP) associated with degenerative disc disease (DDD) through 36-month follow-up. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A multicenter, randomized, controlled study conducted at 13 clinical sites (12 in the United States and 1 in Australia). SUBJECT SAMPLE A total of 100 subjects with chronic low back pain associated with moderate DDD (modified Pfirrmann score of 3-6) at one level from L1 to S1 for at least 6 months and failing 3 months of conservative treatment, including physical therapy were randomized in a 3:3:2:2 ratio to receive 6 million MPCs with HA, 18 million MPCs with HA, HA vehicle control, or saline control (placebo) treatment. OUTCOME MEASURES Subjects were clinically and radiographically evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postinjection. Subject-reported outcomes including adverse events, LBP on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), SF-36 and Work Productivity and Activity Index were collected. METHODS Clinical and radiographic measures were collected at each visit. All randomized subjects were included in the safety assessments and analyzed based on the treatment received. Safety assessments included assessments of AEs, physical and radiographic examinations and laboratory testing. Efficacy assessments evaluated changes in VAS, ODI, and modified Pfirrmann (MP) scores between all active and control groups, respectively. Assessments included least squares mean (Mean), LS mean change from baseline (Mean Change) and responder analyses in order to assess the clinical significance of observed changes from baseline. The population for efficacy assessments was adjusted for the confounding effects of post-treatment interventions (PTIs). This study was conducted under an FDA Investigational New Drug application sponsored and funded by Mesoblast. RESULTS There were significant differences between the control and MPC groups for improvement in VAS and ODI. The PTI-corrected VAS and ODI Means and Mean Change analyses; the proportion of subjects with VAS ≥30% and ≥50% improvement from baseline; absolute VAS score ≤20; and ODI reduction ≥10 and ≥15 points from baseline showed MPC therapy superior to controls at various time points through 36 months. Additionally, the proportion of subjects achieving the minimally important change and clinically significant change composite endpoints for the MPC groups was also superior compared with controls at various time points from baseline to 36 months. There were no significant differences in change in MP score from baseline across the groups. There were also no statistically significant differences in change in modified MP score at the level above or below the level treated between study arms. Both the procedure and treatment were well tolerated and there were no clinical symptoms of immune reaction to allogeneic MPCs. There was a low rate of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events, and the rates of these events in the MPC groups were not significantly different from the control groups. One TEAE of severe back pain was possibly related to study agent and one TEAE of implantation site infection was considered to be related to the study procedure. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence that intradiscal injection of MPCs could be a safe, effective, durable, and minimally invasive therapy for subjects who have CLBP associated with moderate DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Amirdelfan
- IPM Medical Group, Inc., 450 Wiget Lane, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
| | - Hyun Bae
- The Spine Institute, 2811 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 850, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Tory McJunkin
- Arizona Pain Specialists, 9787 N. 91st St, Suite 101, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
| | - Michael DePalma
- Virginia Spine Research Institute, Inc., 9020 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 140, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Kee Kim
- UC Davis Spine Center, 3301 C St, Suite 1500, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - William J Beckworth
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, 59 Executive Park South, Suite 3000, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gary Ghiselli
- Denver Spine, 7800 E. Orchard Rd, Suite 100, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, USA
| | | | - Randall Dryer
- Central Texas Spine Institute, 6818 Austin Center Blvd, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78731, USA
| | - Timothy R Deer
- The Center for Pain Relief, Inc., 400 Court St, Suite 100, Charleston, WV 25301, USA
| | - Roger D Brown
- Mesoblast Inc., 12912 Hill Country Blvd, Building F, Suite 230, Bee Cave, TX 78738, USA
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31
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Kessel B, Lee M, Bonato A, Tinguely Y, Tosoratti E, Zenobi‐Wong M. 3D Bioprinting of Macroporous Materials Based on Entangled Hydrogel Microstrands. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001419. [PMID: 32999847 PMCID: PMC7509724 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are excellent mimetics of mammalian extracellular matrices and have found widespread use in tissue engineering. Nanoporosity of monolithic bulk hydrogels, however, limits mass transport of key biomolecules. Microgels used in 3D bioprinting achieve both custom shape and vastly improved permissivity to an array of cell functions, however spherical-microbead-based bioinks are challenging to upscale, are inherently isotropic, and require secondary crosslinking. Here, bioinks based on high-aspect-ratio hydrogel microstrands are introduced to overcome these limitations. Pre-crosslinked, bulk hydrogels are deconstructed into microstrands by sizing through a grid with apertures of 40-100 µm. The microstrands are moldable and form a porous, entangled structure, stable in aqueous medium without further crosslinking. Entangled microstrands have rheological properties characteristic of excellent bioinks for extrusion bioprinting. Furthermore, individual microstrands align during extrusion and facilitate the alignment of myotubes. Cells can be placed either inside or outside the hydrogel phase with >90% viability. Chondrocytes co-printed with the microstrands deposit abundant extracellular matrix, resulting in a modulus increase from 2.7 to 780.2 kPa after 6 weeks of culture. This powerful approach to deconstruct bulk hydrogels into advanced bioinks is both scalable and versatile, representing an important toolbox for 3D bioprinting of architected hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kessel
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Mihyun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Angela Bonato
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Yann Tinguely
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Enrico Tosoratti
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi‐Wong
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyHPL J 22Otto‐Stern‐Weg 7Zürich8093Switzerland
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32
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Wong KL, Zhang S, Wang M, Ren X, Afizah H, Lai RC, Lim SK, Lee EH, Hui JHP, Toh WS. Intra-Articular Injections of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes and Hyaluronic Acid Improve Structural and Mechanical Properties of Repaired Cartilage in a Rabbit Model. Arthroscopy 2020; 36:2215-2228.e2. [PMID: 32302651 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes with hyaluronic acid (HA) against HA alone for functional cartilage regeneration in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. METHODS Critical-size osteochondral defects (4.5-mm diameter and 1.5-mm depth) were created on the trochlear grooves in the knees of 18 rabbits and were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups: (1) exosomes and HA combination and (2) HA alone. Three 1-mL injections of either exosomes and HA or HA alone were administered intra-articularly immediately after surgery and thereafter at 7 and 14 days after surgery. At 6 and 12 weeks, gross evaluation, histologic and immunohistochemical analysis, and scoring were performed. The functional biomechanical competence of the repaired cartilage also was evaluated. RESULTS Compared with defects treated with HA, defects treated with exosomes and HA showed significant improvements in macroscopic scores (P = .032; P = .001) and histologic scores (P = .005; P < .001) at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Defects treated with exosomes and HA also demonstrated improvements in mechanical properties compared with HA-treated defects, with significantly greater Young's moduli (P < .05) and stiffness (P < .05) at 6 and 12 weeks. By 12 weeks, the newly-repaired tissues in defects treated with exosomes and HA composed mainly of hyaline cartilage that are mechanically and structurally superior to that of HA-treated defects and demonstrated mechanical properties that approximated that of adjacent native cartilage (P > .05). In contrast, HA-treated defects showed some repair at 6 weeks, but this was not sustained, as evidenced by significant deterioration of histologic scores (P = .002) and a plateau in mechanical properties from 6 to 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the combination of MSC exosomes and HA administered at a clinically acceptable frequency of 3 intra-articular injections can promote sustained and functional cartilage repair in a rabbit post-traumatic cartilage defect model, when compared with HA alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Human MSC exosomes and HA administered in combination promote functional cartilage repair and may represent a promising cell-free therapy for cartilage repair in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Lin Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singhealth; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore
| | - Shipin Zhang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore; Faculty of Dentistry, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore
| | | | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- National University of Singapore; and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore; National University of Singapore; and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Singapore; Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, Singapore; Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, Singapore.
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Zhang W, Riches P, Li B, Shu W. 3D biofabrication for soft tissue and cartilage engineering. Med Eng Phys 2020; 82:13-39. [PMID: 32709263 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue injuries (STIs) affect patients of all age groups and represent a common worldwide clinical problem, resulting from conditions including trauma, infection, cancer and burns. Within the spectrum of STIs a mixture of tissues can be injured, ranging from skin to underlying nerves, blood vessels, tendons and cartilaginous tissues. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for soft tissue and cartilage regenerative therapies continues to rise. Improving the regeneration of soft tissues has therefore become a key area of focus within tissue engineering. As an emerging technology, 3D bioprinting can be used to build complex soft tissue constructs "from the bottom up," by depositing cells, growth factors, extracellular matrices and other biomaterials in a layer-by-layer fashion. In this way, regeneration of cartilage, skin, vasculature, nerves, tendons and other bodily tissues can be performed in a patient specific manner. This review will focus on recent use of 3D bioprinting and other biofabrication strategies in soft tissue repair and regeneration. Biofabrication of a variety of soft tissue types will be reviewed following an overview of available cell sources, bioinks and bioprinting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom.
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Walsh SK, Schneider SE, Amundson LA, Neu CP, Henak CR. Maturity-dependent cartilage cell plasticity and sensitivity to external perturbation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 106:103732. [PMID: 32321631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Articular cartilage undergoes biological and morphological changes throughout maturation. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in the aged population suggests that maturation predisposes cartilage to degradation and/or impaired regeneration, but this process is not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cellular and genetic profile of cartilage, as well as biological plasticity in response to mechanical and culture time stimuli, as a function of animal maturity. METHODS/DESIGN Porcine articular cartilage explants were harvested from stifle joints of immature (2-4 weeks), adolescent (5-6 months), and mature (1-5 years) animals. Half of all samples were subjected to a single compressive mechanical load. Loaded samples were paired with unloaded controls for downstream analyses. Expression of cartilage progenitor cell markers CD105, CD44, and CD29 were determined via flow cytometry. Expression of matrix synthesis genes Col1, Col2, Col10, ACAN, and SOX9 were determined via qPCR. Tissue morphology and matrix content were examined histologically. Post-loading assays were performed immediately and following 7 days in culture. RESULTS CD105 and CD29 expression decreased with maturity, while CD44 expression was upregulated in cartilage from mature animals. Expression of matrix synthesis genes were generally upregulated in cartilage from mature animals, and adolescent animals showed the lowest expression of several matrix synthesizing genes. Culture time and mechanical loading analyses revealed greater plasticity to mechanical loading and culture time in cartilage from younger animals. Histology confirmed distinct structural and biochemical profiles across maturity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates differential, nonlinear expression of chondroprogenitor markers and matrix synthesis genes as a function of cartilage maturity, as well as loss of biological plasticity in aged tissue. These findings have likely implications for age-related loss of regeneration and osteoarthritis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Walsh
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Laura A Amundson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Corinne R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Hirose N, Okamoto Y, Yanoshita M, Asakawa Y, Sumi C, Takano M, Nishiyama S, Su SC, Mitsuyoshi T, Kunimatsu R, Tanne K, Tanimoto K. Protective effects of cilengitide on inflammation in chondrocytes under excessive mechanical stress. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:966-974. [PMID: 31876323 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes constantly receive external stimuli, which regulates remodeling. An optimal level of mechanical stress is essential for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis, however, excessive mechanical stress induces inflammatory cytokines and protease, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, excessive mechanical stress is considered to be one of the main causes to cartilage destruction leading to osteoarthritis (OA). Integrins are well-known as cell adhesion molecules and act as receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM), and are believed to control intracellular signaling pathways both physically and chemically as a mechanoreceptor. However, few studies have focused on the roles and functions of integrins in inflammation caused by excessive mechanical stress. In this study, we examined the relationship between integrins (αVβ3 and αVβ5) and the expression of inflammatory factors under mechanical loading in chondrocytes by using an integrin receptor antagonist (cilengitide). Cilengitide suppressed the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and MMP-13 induced by excessive mechanical stress. In addition, the protein expression of IL1-β and MMP-13 was also inhibited by the addition of cilengitide. Next, we investigated the involvement of intracellular signaling pathways in stress-induced integrin signaling in chondrocytes by using western blotting. The levels of p-FAK, p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 were enhanced by excessive mechanical stress and the enhancement was suppressed by treatment with cilengitide. In conclusion, this study revealed that excessive mechanical stress may activate integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5 on the surface of chondrocytes and thereby induce an inflammatory reaction by upregulating the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-3, and MMP-13 through phosphorylation of FAK and MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Yuki Okamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Yanoshita
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Asakawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Chikako Sumi
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mami Takano
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nishiyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Shao-Ching Su
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Tomomi Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima prefecture, 7348551, Japan
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Trombino S, Servidio C, Curcio F, Cassano R. Strategies for Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel Design in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E407. [PMID: 31408954 PMCID: PMC6722772 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural, linear, endogenous polysaccharide that plays important physiological and biological roles in the human body. Nowadays, among biopolymers, HA is emerging as an appealing starting material for hydrogels design due to its biocompatibility, native biofunctionality, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, and versatility. Since HA is not able to form gels alone, chemical modifications, covalent crosslinking, and gelling agents are always needed in order to obtain HA-based hydrogels. Therefore, in the last decade, different strategies for the design of physical and chemical HA hydrogels have been developed, such as click chemistry reactions, enzymatic and disulfide crosslinking, supramolecular assembly via inclusion complexation, and so on. HA-based hydrogels turn out to be versatile platforms, ranging from static to smart and stimuli-responsive systems, and for these reasons, they are widely investigated for biomedical applications like drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cell therapy, and diagnostics. Furthermore, the overexpression of HA receptors on various tumor cells makes these platforms promising drug delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy. The aim of the present review is to highlight and discuss recent advances made in the last years on the design of chemical and physical HA-based hydrogels and their application for biomedical purposes, in particular, drug delivery. Notable attention is given to HA hydrogel-based drug delivery systems for targeted therapy of cancer and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Camilla Servidio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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37
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Zerrillo L, Que I, Vepris O, Morgado LN, Chan A, Bierau K, Li Y, Galli F, Bos E, Censi R, Di Martino P, van Osch GJVM, Cruz LJ. pH-responsive poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles containing near-infrared dye for visualization and hyaluronic acid for treatment of osteoarthritis. J Control Release 2019; 309:265-276. [PMID: 31362078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on intra-articular (IA) drug delivery system for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). In osteoarthritic condition the synovial fluid presents pockets with lower pH environment. To take advantage of these pH differences, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and pH- responsive PLGA NPs encapsulated with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) were generated. The nanoparticles were loaded with hyaluronic acid (HA) as a possible model drug for OA and with near-infrared dye (NIR) that was used to visualize the NPs with molecular imaging techniques. These NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and compared in in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experiments in the treatment of OA. The results indicate that the NPs were sufficiently small, displayed a uniform size distribution and were non-toxic both in vitro and in vivo. Both NPs treatment seem to induced a reduction in OA progression, with pH- responsive NPs showing the more pronounced effect. This is probably because the pockets of low pH environment in the synovial fluid trigger a burst release of the pH-responsive NPs. This result is corroborated by in vitro experiments since the pH- responsive NPs showed an extracellular burst release behavior and higher chondrocyte vitality than non-responsive NPs. This study demonstrates that PLGA NPs containing HA and NH4HCO3 are candidates for the treatment of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zerrillo
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands; Percuros, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - I Que
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O Vepris
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L N Morgado
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Chan
- Percuros, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - K Bierau
- Percuros, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Y Li
- Percuros, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - F Galli
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Bos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Censi
- University of Camerino, School of Pharmacy, Italy
| | - P Di Martino
- University of Camerino, School of Pharmacy, Italy
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sieger D, Korzinskas T, Jung O, Stojanovic S, Wenisch S, Smeets R, Gosau M, Schnettler R, Najman S, Barbeck M. The Addition of High Doses of Hyaluronic Acid to a Biphasic Bone Substitute Decreases the Proinflammatory Tissue Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1969. [PMID: 31013636 PMCID: PMC6515558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biphasic bone substitutes (BBS) are currently well-established biomaterials. Through their constant development, even natural components like hyaluronic acid (HY) have been added to improve both their handling and also their regenerative properties. However, little knowledge exists regarding the consequences of the addition of HY to their biocompatibility and the inflammatory tissue reactions. Thus, the present study was conducted, aiming to analyze the influence of two different amounts of high molecular weight HY (HMWHY), combined with a BBS, on in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo tissue reaction. Established in vitro procedures, using L929 cells, were used for cytocompatibility analyses under the test conditions of DIN EN:ISO 10993-5. For the in vivo part of the study, calvarial defects were created in 20 Wistar rats and subsequently filled with BBS, and BBS combined with two different HMWHY amounts, i.e., BBS + HY(L) and BBS + HY(H). As controls, empty defects were used. Established histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometrical methods were applied to analyze the tissue reactions to the three different materials, including the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (BMGCs). The in vitro results showed that none of the materials or compositions caused biological damage to the L929 cells and can be considered to be non-toxic. The in vivo results showed that only the addition of high doses of HY to a biphasic bone substitute significantly decreases the occurrence of pro-inflammatory macrophages (* p < 0.05), comparable to the numbers found in the control group, while no significant differences within the three study groups for M2-macrophages nor BMGCs were detected. In conclusion, the addition of different amounts of HMWHY does not seem to affect the inflammation response to BBS, while improving the material handling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Sieger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tadas Korzinskas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ole Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sanja Stojanovic
- Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Niš 18106, Serbia.
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stevo Najman
- Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Niš 18106, Serbia.
| | - Mike Barbeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- BerlinAnalytix GmbH, 12109 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
During cartilage development chondrocytes undergo a multi-step process characterized by consecutive changes in cell morphology and gene expression. Cell proliferation, polarity, differentiation, and migration are influenced by chemical and mechanical signaling between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cell. Several structurally diverse transmembrane receptors such as integrins, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR 2), and CD44 mediate the crosstalk between cells and their ECM. However, the contribution of cell-matrix interactions during early chondrogenesis and further cartilage development through cell receptors and their signal transduction pathways is still not fully understood. Determination of receptor signaling pathways and the function of downstream targets will aid in a better understanding of musculoskeletal pathologies such as chondrodysplasia, and the development of new approaches for the treatment of cartilage disorders. We will summarize recent findings, linking cell receptors and their potential signaling pathways to the control of chondrocyte behavior during early chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Prein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Western University Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Western University Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Intraarticular injection for rabbit knee osteoarthritis: effectiveness among hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Jia L, Han F, Li B, Shu W. 3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:278-314. [PMID: 29744467 PMCID: PMC5935790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for bone grafts continues to rise due to conditions such as trauma, cancer, infection and arthritis. Developing bioactive three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to support bone regeneration has therefore become a key area of focus within bone tissue engineering (BTE). A variety of materials and manufacturing methods including 3D printing have been used to create novel alternatives to traditional bone grafts. However, individual groups of materials including polymers, ceramics and hydrogels have been unable to fully replicate the properties of bone when used alone. Favourable material properties can be combined and bioactivity improved when groups of materials are used together in composite 3D scaffolds. This review will therefore consider the ideal properties of bioactive composite 3D scaffolds and examine recent use of polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics and bio-glasses in BTE. Scaffold fabrication methodology, mechanical performance, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and potential clinical translations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
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Singh YP, Moses JC, Bhardwaj N, Mandal BB. Injectable hydrogels: a new paradigm for osteochondral tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5499-5529. [PMID: 32254962 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing focal chondral lesions and early osteoarthritis (OA), which account for progressive joint pain and disability in millions of people worldwide. Towards improving osteochondral tissue repair, injectable hydrogels have emerged as promising matrices due to their wider range of properties such as their high water content and porous framework, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), ability to encapsulate cells within the matrix and ability to provide biological cues for cellular differentiation. Further, their properties such as those that facilitate minimally invasive deployment or delivery, and their ability to repair geometrically complex irregular defects have been critical for their success. In this review, we provide an overview of innovative approaches to engineer injectable hydrogels towards improved osteochondral tissue repair. Herein, we focus on understanding the biology of osteochondral tissue and osteoarthritis along with the need for injectable hydrogels in osteochondral tissue engineering. Furthermore, we discuss in detail different biomaterials (natural and synthetic) and various advanced fabrication methods being employed for the development of injectable hydrogels in osteochondral repair. In addition, in vitro and in vivo applications of developed injectable hydrogels for osteochondral tissue engineering are also reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives of using injectable hydrogels in osteochondral tissue engineering are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
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Li S, Cong W, Hakamivala A, Huang Y, Borrelli J, Tang L. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Optical Probe for the Diagnosis of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:347-359. [PMID: 30148052 PMCID: PMC6107780 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is typically caused by cartilage injury, followed by localized inflammatory responses and tissue deterioration. Early treatment of osteoarthritis is often impossible due to the lack of diagnostic options. Recent studies have supported that different imaging probes can be used for arthritis detection in mice. However, none of these diagnostic tools have been tested on human articular cartilage. To fill this gap, an optical imaging probe was developed to target activated macrophages and the accumulation of imaging probes on tissue was used to assess the severity of human osteoarthritis. Methods: The probe was fabricated using hyaluronic acid (HA) particles conjugated with near-infrared dye and folic acid (FA). The ability of the FA-HA probes to detect activated macrophages and quantify cartilage injury was evaluated using a cell culture model in vitro and human osteoarthritic cartilage explants ex vivo. Results: Our cell study results supported that the FA-HA probes are cell compatible (up to 0.5mg/mL) and can detect activated macrophages in 30 minutes. Using human articular cartilage, we verified the existence of activated macrophages on osteoarthritic cartilage with highly up-regulated expression of folate receptors (~13 folds by comparison with healthy control). In addition, we found that FA-HA probes had higher binding amounts (~3 folds) to osteoarthritic tissue than healthy ones. Histological analyses confirmed that there was a strong linear relationship (R=0.933) between the fluorescent intensity of tissue-associated probe and the extent of folate receptors on osteoarthritic cartilage. Finally, the co-localization of the imaging probe, folate receptors and cartilage degeneration on the tissue sections indicated the extraordinary accuracy and efficiency of this osteoarthritis diagnostic probe. Conclusions: Our results support the probe as an effective diagnostic tool to detect the area and severity of osteoarthritic human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Wei Cong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.,Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Amirhossein Hakamivala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - YiHui Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Joseph Borrelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Genemaras AA, Ennis H, Bradshaw B, Kaplan L, Huang CYC. Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Agents on Expression of Early Responsive Inflammatory and Catabolic Genes in Ex Vivo Porcine Model of Acute Knee Cartilage Injury. Cartilage 2018; 9:293-303. [PMID: 29986604 PMCID: PMC6042029 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516684589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Early intervention therapies targeting inflammation and cell death during the acute phase of cartilage injury have the potential to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of interleukin receptor antagonist protein (IRAP), hyaluronan (HA), dexamethasone (DEX), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment on the expression of established genetic markers for matrix degradation, apoptosis, and inflammation in articular cartilage during the acute phase of injury. Design A custom impact device was used to create replicable injury ex vivo to intact porcine knee joint. One hour after impact, IRAP, HA, DEX, or MSCs was intra-articularly injected. At 8 hours postinjury, cartilage and meniscus samples were harvested for genetic expression analysis. Expression of miR-27b, miR-140, miR-125b, miR-16, miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-22, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results At 8 hours postinjury, expression of ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α in cartilage was significantly decreased in IRAP- and DEX-treated joints as compared to nontreated injured joints, whereas only IRAP upregulated expression of miR-140, miR-125b, miR-27b, miR-146a, and miR-22 in cartilage. HA and MSC treatments had no significant effects on catabolic and inflammatory gene expression in cartilage. However, HA treatment significantly upregulated expression of all miRNAs except miR-16. In addition, the treatments tested also exhibited significant influences on meniscus. Conclusions This study provides a valuable starting point for further research into potential targets for and efficacy of various early intervention strategies that may delay or prevent the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis after acute cartilage injury.
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MESH Headings
- ADAMTS4 Protein/drug effects
- ADAMTS4 Protein/genetics
- ADAMTS5 Protein/drug effects
- ADAMTS5 Protein/genetics
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/injuries
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression
- Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage
- Hyaluronic Acid/therapeutic use
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Injections, Intra-Articular/methods
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/drug effects
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/genetics
- Meniscus/drug effects
- Meniscus/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Models, Animal
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/prevention & control
- Receptors, Interleukin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin/therapeutic use
- Swine
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaris A. Genemaras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Hayley Ennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Brad Bradshaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of
Sports Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C.-Y. Charles Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Yang SW, Ku KC, Chen SY, Kuo SM, Chen IF, Wang TY, Chang SJ. Development of chondrocyte-seeded electrosprayed nanoparticles for repair of articular cartilage defects in rabbits. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:800-812. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217740729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to limited self-healing capacity in cartilages, there is a rising demand for an innovative therapy that promotes chondrocyte proliferation while maintaining its biofunctionality for transplantation. Chondrocyte transplantation has received notable attention; however, the tendencies of cell de-differentiation and de-activation of biofunctionality have been major hurdles in its development, delaying this therapy from reaching the clinic. We believe it is due to the non-stimulative environment in the injured cartilage, which is unable to provide sustainable physical and biological supports to the newly grafted chondrocytes. Therefore, we evaluated whether providing an appropriate matrix to the transplanted chondrocytes could manipulate cell fate and recovery outcomes. Here, we proposed the development of electrosprayed nanoparticles composed of cartilage specific proteins, namely collagen type II and hyaluronic acid, for implantation with pre-seeded chondrocytes into articular cartilage defects. The fabricated nanoparticles were pre-cultured with chondrocytes before implantation into injured articular cartilage. The study revealed a significant potential for nanoparticles to support pre-seeded chondrocytes in cartilage repair, serving as a protein delivery system while improving the survival and biofunctionality of transplanted chondrocytes for prolonged period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chi Ku
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Fen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- NanoBiotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shwu-Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Mouser VHM, Levato R, Bonassar LJ, D’Lima DD, Grande DA, Klein TJ, Saris DBF, Zenobi-Wong M, Gawlitta D, Malda J. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Its Potential in the Field of Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Cartilage 2017; 8:327-340. [PMID: 28934880 PMCID: PMC5613889 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516665445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques can be used for the fabrication of personalized, regenerative constructs for tissue repair. The current article provides insight into the potential and opportunities of 3D bioprinting for the fabrication of cartilage regenerative constructs. Although 3D printing is already used in the orthopedic clinic, the shift toward 3D bioprinting has not yet occurred. We believe that this shift will provide an important step forward in the field of cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional bioprinting techniques allow incorporation of cells and biological cues during the manufacturing process, to generate biologically active implants. The outer shape of the construct can be personalized based on clinical images of the patient's defect. Additionally, by printing with multiple bio-inks, osteochondral or zonally organized constructs can be generated. Relevant mechanical properties can be obtained by hybrid printing with thermoplastic polymers and hydrogels, as well as by the incorporation of electrospun meshes in hydrogels. Finally, bioprinting techniques contribute to the automation of the implant production process, reducing the infection risk. To prompt the shift from nonliving implants toward living 3D bioprinted cartilage constructs in the clinic, some challenges need to be addressed. The bio-inks and required cartilage construct architecture need to be further optimized. The bio-ink and printing process need to meet the sterility requirements for implantation. Finally, standards are essential to ensure a reproducible quality of the 3D printed constructs. Once these challenges are addressed, 3D bioprinted living articular cartilage implants may find their way into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian H. M. Mouser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Darryl D. D’Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A. Grande
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Travis J. Klein
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel B. F. Saris
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cai Y, López-Ruiz E, Wengel J, Creemers LB, Howard KA. A hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel enabling CD44-mediated chondrocyte binding and gapmer oligonucleotide release for modulation of gene expression in osteoarthritis. J Control Release 2017; 253:153-159. [PMID: 28274742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive biomaterial for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment due to inherent functional and compatibility properties as an endogenous knee joint component. In this work, we describe a HA-based hydrogel with the dual functionality of increased CD44-dependent chondrocyte binding and controlled release of gapmer antisense oligonucleotides for unassisted cellular entry and subsequent gene silencing activity. A Schiff base-mediated gelation method was used to produce a panel of hydrogels varying in the aldehyde-modified HA (900kDa) to chitosan ratios (3:7, 5:5 and 7:3) for identifying designs displaying optimal engagement of OA patient-derived CD44-expressing chondrocytes. Correlation was found between cell binding and CD44 expression, with maximal binding exhibited at a HA/chitosan ratio of 7:3, that was 181% higher than CD44-negative MCF-7 cell control cells. Transfection agent-free uptake into OA chondrocytes of fluorescent 13-mer DNA oligonucleotides with a flanked locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer design, in contrast to naked siRNA, was demonstrated by confocal and flow cytometric analysis. A sustained and complete release over 5days was found with the 7:3 hydrogel, in contrast, the 5:5 and 3:7 hydrogel released 60% and 43% of loaded gapmers, respectively over the same period. A COX-2-specific gapmer designed with maximal chondrocyte gene silencing (~70% silencing efficiency at 500nM compared with a mismatch gapmer sequence) resulted in effective COX-2 silencing over 14days in hydrogels seeded with OA chondrocytes, with significant difference exhibited between day 3 and 10. This work introduces a novel HA-based CD44-mediated cellular binding and gapmer controlled release platform to modulate cellular gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Cai
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Park H, Lee HJ, An H, Lee KY. Alginate hydrogels modified with low molecular weight hyaluronate for cartilage regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 162:100-107. [PMID: 28224886 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a typical biomaterial that forms hydrogels in the presence of calcium ions and has often been utilized in tissue engineering approaches. However, it lacks biofunctionality in the form of interactions with cells and proteins. Hyaluronate, a main component of glycosaminoglycans, provides CD44-specific interactions with chondrocytes but typically requires chemical cross-linking agents to fabricate hydrogels, which may cause unexpected side effects in the body. In this study, we propose the design and fabrication of a hybrid structure of alginate and hyaluronate useful for cartilage regeneration. Alginate was used as a backbone, and hyaluronate with a low molecular weight was introduced to the backbone to fabricate alginate-hyaluronate hybrid coupled by ethylenediamine. We hypothesized that alginate-hyaluronate hybrid (AH) could maintain its ability to form gels in the presence of calcium ions and could be useful for cartilage regeneration as an injectable system. Characteristics of AH hydrogels containing various composition ratios of hyaluronate to alginate were investigated, and the chondrogenic potential of ATDC5 cells encapsulated within AH hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. Consequently, AH hydrogels having a defined polymer composition and mechanical stiffness were useful to successfully regulate chondrogenic differentiation and to maintain the chondrocytic cell phenotype, which may lead to many useful applications in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoseok An
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Radhakrishnan J, Subramanian A, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Injectable and 3D Bioprinted Polysaccharide Hydrogels: From Cartilage to Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:1-26. [PMID: 27966916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical performance of functional cartilage is executed by the exclusive anisotropic composition and spatially varying intricate architecture in articulating ends of diarthrodial joint. Osteochondral tissue constituting the articulating ends comprise superfical soft cartilage over hard subchondral bone sandwiching interfacial soft-hard tissue. The shock-absorbent, lubricating property of cartilage and mechanical stability of subchondral bone regions are rendered by extended chemical structure of glycosaminoglycans and mineral deposition, respectively. Extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans analogous polysaccharides are major class of hydrogels investigated for restoration of functional cartilage. Recently, injectable hydrogels have gained momentum as it offers patient compliance, tunable mechanical properties, cell deliverability, and facile administration at physiological condition with long-term functionality and hyaline cartilage construction. Interestingly, facile modifiable functional groups in carbohydrate polymers impart tailorability of desired physicochemical properties and versatile injectable chemistry for the development of highly potent biomimetic in situ forming scaffold. The scaffold design strategies have also evolved from single component to bi- or multilayered and graded constructs with osteogenic properties for deep subchondral regeneration. This review highlights the significance of polysaccharide structure-based functions in engineering cartilage tissue, injectable chemistries, strategies for combining analogous matrices with cells/stem cells and biomolecules and multicomponent approaches for osteochondral mimetic constructs. Further, the rheology and precise spatiotemporal positioning of cells in hydrogel bioink for rapid prototyping of complex three-dimensional anisotropic cartilage have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
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50
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Mahapatra C, Jin GZ, Kim HW. Alginate-hyaluronic acid-collagen composite hydrogel favorable for the culture of chondrocytes and their phenotype maintenance. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:538-546. [PMID: 30603434 PMCID: PMC6170835 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage has limited regeneration capacity, thus significant challenge has been made to restore the functions. The development of hydrogels that can encapsulate and multiply cells, and then effectively maintain the chondrocyte phenotype is a meaningful strategy to this cartilage repair. In this study, we prepared alginate-hyaluronic acid based hydrogel with type I collagen being incorporated, namely Alg-HA-Col composite hydrogel. The incorporation of Col enhanced the chemical interaction of molecules, and the thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the resultant hydrogels. The primary chondrocytes isolated from rat cartilage were cultured within the composite hydrogel and the cell viability recorded revealed active proliferation over a period of 21 days. The mRNA levels of chondrocyte phenotypes, including SOX9, collagen type II, and aggrecan, were significantly up-regulated when the cells were cultured within the Alg-HA-Col gel than those cultured within the Alg-HA. Furthermore, the secretion of sulphated glycosaminoglycan, a cartilage-specific matrix molecule, was recorded higher in the collagen-added composite hydrogel. Although more in-depth studies are required such as the in vivo functions, the currently-prepared Alg-HA-Col composite hydrogel is considered to provide favorable 3-dimensional matrix conditions for the cultivation of chondrocytes. Moreover, the cell-cultured constructs may be useful for the cartilage repair and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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