1
|
Zhang X, Luo F, Li J, Wan J, Zhang L, Li H, Chen A, Chen J, Cai T, He X, Lisse TS, Zhao H. DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 is an innate guardian for human squamous cell carcinoma and an molecular vector for anti-carcinoma effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:45-52. [PMID: 30372793 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common non-melanoma skin cancers worldwide. While its exact tumorigenesis mechanisms is far from well-established and less satisfied therapeutic strategy can be clinically used nowadays. In this study, we intended to investigate the role of DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) in human SCC. Firstly, we identified DDIT4 is significantly suppressed in human SCC tissue and cultured A431 cell line, and reduced DDIT4 accelerates keratinocytes proliferation but impedes the autophagy flux through mTORC1 pathway by affecting the downstream S6 Kinase1, 4E-BP1, Beclin1 and LC3 II/I. While 1,25(OH)2 D3 enhanced DDIT4 expression and activated autophagy and inhibit mTORC1 to take the effect of anti-proliferation and activating autophagy. Further, formation of direct vitamin D receptor (VDR)-DDIT4 transcription complex was verified by ChIP-qPCR, which showed the molecular mechanism of how 1,25(OH)2 D3 promotes DDIT4 transcription. Thirdly, xenograft tumor-bearing mice model treated by gradient concentrations of 1,25(OH)2 D3 revealed the obvious anti-carcinoma effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 in vivo and DDIT4 acted the molecular vector of 1,25(OH)2 D3 through mTORC1. Lastly, elevated DDIT4 expression was verified in human actinic keratoses tissue, and chronic long-term ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on mouse disclosed UV could promote DDIT4 expression inside epidermis. Conclusively, our research suggested a novel molecular mechanism about the human SCC tumorigenesis and the pharmacological mechanism about how 1,25(OH)2 D3 take its anti-carcinoma role on human SCC, as well as a striking paradoxes that how UV irradiation plays the tumorigenesis effect but synchronously take a protective role in the early stage of SCC carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuling Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aijun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian He
- Department of Allergy, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- Cox Science Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enjuanes A, Ruiz-Gaspà S, Peris P, Ozalla D, Alvarez L, Combalia A, Martínez de Osaba MJ, Monegal A, Pares A, Guañabens N. The effect of the alendronate on OPG/RANKL system in differentiated primary human osteoblasts. Endocrine 2010; 37:322-8. [PMID: 20960270 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alendronate is a well-established treatment for osteoporosis and suppresses bone resorption by a direct effect on osteoclasts and their precursors. The effect of alendronate on osteoclasts is produced, at least in part, by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) synthesized by the osteoblasts. This study analyzes the effect of alendronate in cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and RANKL and OPG expression in primary human osteoblasts (hOB). Alendronate at concentrations lower than 10⁻⁵ M did not have a toxic effect on hOB in vitro and did not modify the ALP activity at least for 72 h. Alendronate did not change OPG expression in basal, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and vitamin D-treated cultures. Similar results were observed at the protein level. Unexpectedly, alendronate at 10⁻⁷ and 10⁻⁵ M concentrations increased the RANKL expression with the presence of vitamin D in differentiated hOB, and this induction of RANKL mRNA levels by alendronate was dose-dependent. However, this effect was not observed in basal and 10% FBS culture conditions. Thus, we conclude that alendronate does not affect the ALP activity and OPG gene expression in differentiated hOB, but may increase RANKL gene expression induced by vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Enjuanes
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Enjuanes A, Ruiz-Gaspà S, Peris P, Ozalla D, Álvarez L, Combalia A, Martínez de Osaba MJ, Monegal A, Pares A, Guañabens N. The effect of the alendronate on OPG/RANKL system in differentiated primary human osteoblasts. Endocrine 2010; 37:180-6. [PMID: 20963568 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alendronate is a well-established treatment for osteoporosis and suppresses bone resorption by a direct effect on osteoclasts and their precursors. The effect of alendronate on osteoclasts is produced, at least in part, by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) synthesized by the osteoblasts. This study analyzes the effect of alendronate in cell viability, phosphatase alkaline (ALP) activity and RANKL, and OPG expression in primary human osteoblasts (hOB). Alendronate at concentrations lower than 10(-5) M did not have a toxic effect on hOB in vitro and did not modify the ALP activity at least for 72 h. Alendronate did not change OPG expression in basal, 10% FBS, and vitamin D-treated cultures. Similar results were observed at the protein level. Unexpectedly, alendronate at 10(-7) and 10(-5) M concentrations increased the RANKL expression with the presence of vitamin D in differentiated hOB and this induction of RANKL mRNA levels by alendronate was dose-dependent. However, this effect was not observed in basal and 10% FBS culture conditions. Thus, we conclude that alendronate does not affect the ALP activity and OPG gene expression in differentiated hOB, but may increase RANKL gene expression induced by vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Enjuanes
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simon MJK, Niehoff P, Kimmig B, Wiltfang J, Açil Y. Expression profile and synthesis of different collagen types I, II, III, and V of human gingival fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and SaOS-2 cells after bisphosphonate treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 14:51-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
5
|
White HD, Ahmad AM, Durham BH, Peter R, Prabhakar VKB, Corlett P, Vora JP, Fraser WD. PTH circadian rhythm and PTH target-organ sensitivity is altered in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency with low BMD. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:1798-807. [PMID: 17645402 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.070715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED AGHD is associated with osteoporosis. We examined PTH circadian rhythmicity and PTH target-organ sensitivity in 23 patients with AGHD with low BMD and 20 patients with AGHD with normal BMD. Patients with low BMD had a blunted nocturnal rise in PTH concentration and reduced PTH target-organ sensitivity compared with patients with normal BMD; these factors may be important in the pathogenesis of AGHD-related osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is associated with decreased BMD. Reduced parathyroid gland sensitivity to changes in calcium and reduced PTH target-organ sensitivity may underlie the pathogenesis of AGHD-related osteoporosis. A blunted nocturnal PTH rise has been reported in AGHD and may contribute to the reduction in BMD. We examined the difference in PTH concentration and markers of bone metabolism in patients with AGHD with normal and low BMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three patients with AGHD consented to the study. Twenty-five patients were growth hormone (GH) naïve (GH-N, 13 had BMD femoral neck or lumbar spine T-score < -1.0), and 18 patients had received GH for >2 yr (GH-R, 10 had BMD T-score < -1.0). Patients were hospitalized for 24 h, where blood samples were collected every 0.5 h and urine samples were collected every 3 h for PTH, calcium, phosphate, NcAMP, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D], type-I collagen beta C-telopeptide (betaCTX), and procollagen type-I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP). Serum calcium was adjusted for albumin (ACa). RESULTS Low BMD GH-N and GH-R patients exhibited a reduced nocturnal rise in PTH concentration compared with patients with normal BMD (p < 0.001). GH-N low BMD patients had significantly higher 24-h mean PTH (p < 0.001) than GH-N normal BMD patients, with significantly lower 24-h mean NcAMP, ACa, and 1,25(OH)(2)D (p < 0.01), suggesting a reduction in renal PTH sensitivity. GH-R low BMD patients had significantly lower 24-h mean PTH, NcAMP, ACa, and 1,25(OH)(2)D (p < 0.01) than GH-R normal BMD patients, suggesting reduced renal PTH action. Lower PTH concentration in the presence of lower ACa may reflect reduced sensitivity of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor to changes in ACa concentration in the GH-R low BMD patients. CONCLUSIONS Low BMD in GH-N and GH-R AGHD patients may be a consequence of abnormalities in PTH circadian rhythmicity together with reduced parathyroid gland and target-organ sensitivity. Further studies are needed to determine the potential benefit of therapeutic manipulation of PTH rhythmicity and sensitivity on BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen D White
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
AIMS Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a chronic, disabling condition characterized by bone fragility resulting from defective production of type I collagen. Pamidronate therapy is the most extensively studied treatment and has proved beneficial. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of alendronate, a more potent bisphosphonate than pamidronate, in OI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three patients (age, 3-7 years; mean, 5 years) (one case, type III; 2 cases, type IV) have been given alendronate (0.3-0.56 mg/kg per day orally) for 2 years. Number of fractures, ambulation, height growth, and bone mineral density by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were followed up. RESULTS Bone mineral density improved significantly after the 2-year alendronate treatment, which increased by 47.8% to 106.6% in the lumbar spine and by 24% to 51.4% in forearm bones. The z-score of lumbar spine DXA values increased from -5.26 +/- 0.84 to -3.1 +/- 0.59. The mean of fracture rates did not change significantly. Only one of the patients was highly limited in ambulation. She had curved legs and could not sit without support before the treatment. She improved to walk with help by the treatment. Serum parathormone and alkaline phosphatase concentrations did not change significantly. No side effect was detected in clinical and laboratory evaluations. CONCLUSION The study suggests that alendronate is a safe and well-tolerated drug and that it could increase bone density in children with OI, all of which encourage further studies with the bisphosphonates that are more potent than pamidronate and can be used orally. In addition, this study is the first report using the forearm bone mineral density measurement in OI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Madenci
- Departments of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Gaziantep University, Medical Faculty, 27100 Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valenti MT, Bertoldo F, Dalle Carbonare L, Azzarello G, Zenari S, Zanatta M, Balducci E, Vinante O, Cascio VL. The effect of bisphosphonates on gene expression: GAPDH as a housekeeping or a new target gene? BMC Cancer 2006; 6:49. [PMID: 16515701 PMCID: PMC1473200 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RT-PCR has been widely used for the analysis of gene expression in many systems, including tumor samples. GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) has been frequently considered as a constitutive housekeeping gene and used to normalize changes in specific gene expression. However, GAPDH has been shown to be up-regulated in many cancers and down-regulated by chemotherapic drugs. Bisphosphonates, potent inhibitors of bone resorption, have recently shown a direct and indirect antitumor effect in vitro and in animal models. They exert their effects mainly by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway but also by modulating the expression of many genes not only in osteoclasts but also in cancer cells. METHODS We evaluated GAPDH gene expression by real time RT PCR in breast (MCF-7 and T47D) and prostate (PC3 and DU-145) cancer cell lines treated with amino and non-amino bisphosphonates. RESULTS Our results showed that amino-bisphosphonates significantly decrease in a dose-dependent manner the expression of GAPDH gene. CONCLUSION Therefore, GAPDH is inaccurate to normalize mRNA levels in studies investigating the effect of bisphosphonates on gene expression and it should be avoided. On the other hand, this gene could be considered a potential target to observe the effects of bisphosphonates on cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Medicina Interna D, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoldo
- Medicina Interna D, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Medicina Interna D, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Zenari
- Medicina Interna D, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mirko Zanatta
- Medicina Interna D, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Balducci
- Department of Oncology and Hematologic Oncology - Noale Hospital, Italy
| | - Orazio Vinante
- Department of Oncology and Hematologic Oncology - Noale Hospital, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lo Cascio
- Medicina Interna D, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pernow Y, Granberg B, Sääf M, Weidenhielm L. Osteoblast dysfunction in male idiopathic osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2006; 78:90-7. [PMID: 16467976 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-005-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of primary osteoporosis in young and middle-aged men is unknown. We have studied osteoblast function in cells derived from men with idiopathic osteoporosis and in control cells from age-matched men with osteoarthrosis. Osteoblasts were isolated from transiliac bone biopsies. Osteoblast function was measured as vitamin D-stimulated osteocalcin production and production of cytokines and factors involved in osteoclast activation and bone formation. Cell proliferation was measured as (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) mRNA was measured using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In osteoporotic men, bone mineral density at the femoral neck was correlated to in vitro production of osteocalcin. Osteoblasts from osteoporotic men produced significantly less osteocalcin after vitamin D stimulation but had increased production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) compared to controls. The osteocalcin response was negatively correlated to production of M-CSF, interleukin-6, and C-terminal propeptide of type I collagen. Basal (3)H-thymidine incorporation was similar in cells from osteoporotic patients and controls. PTHrP (10(-9 )M) significantly increased cell proliferation in control cells but not in osteoporotic cells. Basal PTHrP mRNA levels were significantly higher in osteoporotic cells than in cells from controls. The results are in agreement with previous histomorphologic studies indicating that men with idiopathic osteoporosis have an osteoblast dysfunction with decreased osteocalcin production and increased production of factors stimulating osteoclast activation. This indicates a catabolic cellular metabolic balance leading to negative bone turnover, resulting in osteoporosis. The cause of such cellular dysfunction needs further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Pernow
- Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|