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Breuer M, Rummler M, Singh J, Maher S, Zaouter C, Jamadagni P, Pilon N, Willie BM, Patten SA. CHD7 regulates craniofacial cartilage development via controlling HTR2B expression. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:498-512. [PMID: 38477756 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 - coding gene (CHD7) cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). Although craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities are major features of CS patients, the role of CHD7 in bone and cartilage development remain largely unexplored. Here, using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) CS model, we show that chd7-/- larvae display abnormal craniofacial cartilage development and spinal deformities. The craniofacial and spine defects are accompanied by a marked reduction of bone mineralization. At the molecular level, we show that these phenotypes are associated with significant reduction in the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers. Additionally, we detected a marked depletion of collagen 2α1 in the cartilage of craniofacial regions and vertebrae, along with significantly reduced number of chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis defects are at least in part due to downregulation of htr2b, which we found to be also dysregulated in human cells derived from an individual with CHD7 mutation-positive CS. Overall, this study thus unveils an essential role for CHD7 in cartilage and bone development, with potential clinical relevance for the craniofacial defects associated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Breuer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Jaskaran Singh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sabrina Maher
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charlotte Zaouter
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Priyanka Jamadagni
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Départment des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Azam FK, Sohrabi B, Rahimi H, Ganji M. Trio whole-exome sequencing reveals a novel de novo mutation in COL2A1 gene in an Iranian patient with hypochondroplasia. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Bateman JF, Shoulders MD, Lamandé SR. Collagen misfolding mutations: the contribution of the unfolded protein response to the molecular pathology. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:210-227. [PMID: 35225118 PMCID: PMC8977234 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2036735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in collagen genes cause a broad range of connective tissue pathologies. Structural mutations that impact procollagen assembly or triple helix formation and stability are a common and important mutation class. How misfolded procollagens engage with the cellular proteostasis machinery and whether they can elicit a cytotoxic unfolded protein response (UPR) is a topic of considerable research interest. Such interest is well justified since modulating the UPR could offer a new approach to treat collagenopathies for which there are no current disease mechanism-targeting therapies. This review scrutinizes the evidence underpinning the view that endoplasmic reticulum stress and chronic UPR activation contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of the collagenopathies. While there is strong evidence that the UPR contributes to the pathology for collagen X misfolding mutations, the evidence that misfolding mutations in other collagen types induce a canonical, cytotoxic UPR is incomplete. To gain a more comprehensive understanding about how the UPR amplifies to pathology, and thus what types of manipulations of the UPR might have therapeutic relevance, much more information is needed about how specific misfolding mutation types engage differentially with the UPR and downstream signaling responses. Most importantly, since the capacity of the proteostasis machinery to respond to collagen misfolding is likely to vary between cell types, reflecting their functional roles in collagen and extracellular matrix biosynthesis, detailed studies on the UPR should focus as much as possible on the actual target cells involved in the collagen pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Shireen R. Lamandé
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Novel NPR2 Gene Mutations Affect Chondrocytes Function via ER Stress in Short Stature. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081265. [PMID: 35455946 PMCID: PMC9024524 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) plays a key role in cartilage and bone morphogenesis. The NPR2 gene mutations result in acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type (AMDM), short stature with nonspecific skeletal abnormalities (SNSK), and epiphyseal chondrodysplasia, Miura type (ECDM). However, the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In our study, we identified one de novo (R557C) and six novel variants (G602W, V970F, R767*, R363*, F857S, and Y306S) in five independent Chinese families with familial short stature. Three patients with heterozygous mutations (G602W, V970F, and R767*) were diagnosed with SNSK (height SD score ranged from −2.25 to −5.60), while another two with compound heterozygous mutations (R363* and F857S, R557C and Y306S) were diagnosed with AMDM (height SD score ranged from −3.10 to −5.35). Among three patients with heterozygous status, two patients before puberty initiation with rhGH treatment significantly improved their growth (height velocity 7.2 cm/year, 6.0 cm/year), and one patient in puberty had a poor response to the rhGH treatment (height velocity 2.5 cm/year). Seven NPR2 gene variants were constructed and overexpressed in HEK293T and ATDC5 cells, and we found that ATDC5 cells with mutant NPR2 gene showed decreased differentiation, as evidenced by lower expression of ColII, ColX, and BMP4 and higher expression of Sox9. Moreover, the apoptosis rate was elevated in ATDC5 cells expressing the mutant NPR2 gene. N-glycosylation modification, plasma membrane localization, and ER stress resulted from the accumulation of mutant protein in ER, as shown by the higher expression of GRP78 and p-IRE1α. Overall, our results provide a novel insight into NPR2 loss of function, which could promote chondrocyte apoptosis and repress cell differentiation through ER stress and the unfolded protein response.
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Liu X, Dong H, Gong Y, Wang L, Zhang R, Zheng T, Zheng Y, Shen S, Zheng C, Tian M, Liu N, Zhang X, Zheng QY. A Novel missense mutation of
COL2A1
gene in a large family with stickler syndrome type I. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1530-1539. [PMID: 35064646 PMCID: PMC8899160 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome type I (STL1, MIM 108300) is characterized by ocular, auditory, skeletal and orofacial manifestations. Nonsyndromic ocular STL1 (MIM 609508) characterized by predominantly ocular features is a subgroup of STL1, and it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In this study, a novel variant c.T100>C (p.Cys34Arg) in COL2A1 related to a large nonsyndromic ocular STL1 family was identified through Exome sequencing (ES). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the variant site was highly conserved and the pathogenic mechanism of this variant may involve in affected structure of chordin‐like cysteine‐rich (CR) repeats of ColIIA. Minigene assay indicated that this variant did not change alternative splicing of exon2 of COL2A1. Moreover, the nonsyndromic ocular STL1 family with 16 affected members showed phenotype variability and certain male gender trend. None of the family members had hearing loss. Our findings would expand the knowledge of the COL2A1 mutation spectrum, and phenotype variability associated with nonsyndromic ocular STL1. Search for genetic modifiers and related molecular pathways leading to the phenotype variation warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Liu
- Medical Research Center Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Medical Research Center Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Yuerong Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Lianqing Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine Central Hospital of Zibo Zibo China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute College of Special Education Binzhou Medical University Yantai China
| | - Yuxi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Shuang Shen
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute College of Special Education Binzhou Medical University Yantai China
| | - Chelsea Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐HNS Case Western Reserve University Cleveland USA
| | - Mingming Tian
- Medical Research Center Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Naiguo Liu
- Medical Research Center Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Institute of Otolaryngology Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Qing Yin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐HNS Case Western Reserve University Cleveland USA
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Zhou T, Yang X, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Cao X, Zhao C, Zhao J. A novel COL2A1 mutation causing spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita in a Chinese family. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23728. [PMID: 33590889 PMCID: PMC8059726 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is an autosomal dominant cartilaginous dysplasia characterized by short trunk, abnormal epiphysis, and flattened vertebral body. Skeletal features of SEDC are present at birth and evolve over time. Other features of SEDC include myopia and/or retinal degeneration with retinal detachment and cleft palate. A mutation in the COL2A1 gene located in 12q13.11 is considered as one of the important causes of SEDC. In 2016, Barat‐Houari et al. reported a large number of COL2A1 mutations. Among them, a non‐synonymous mutation in COL2A1 exon 37, c.2437G>A (p. Gly813Arg), has been reported to cause SEDC in only one patient from France so far. Methods We followed up a patient with SEDC phenotype and his family members. The clinical manifestations, physical examination and imaging examination, including X‐ray, CT and MRI, were recorded. The whole‐exome sequencing was used to detect the patients' genes, and the pathogenic genes were screened out by comparing with many databases. Results We report a Chinese patient with SEDC phenotype characterized by short trunk, abnormal epiphysis, flattened vertebral body, narrow intervertebral space, dysplasia of the odontoid process, chicken chest, scoliosis, hip and knee dysplasia, and joint hypertrophy. Gene sequencing analysis showed that the patient had a heterozygous mutation (c.2437G>A; p. Gly813Arg) in the COL2A1 gene. No COL2A1 mutation or SEDC phenotype was observed in his family members. This is the first report of SEDC caused by this mutation in an East Asian family. Conclusion This report provides typical clinical, imaging, and genetic evidence for SEDC, confirming that a de novo mutation in the COL2A1 gene, c.2437G>A (p. Gly813Arg), causes SEDC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangjun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhang B, Wang C, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Qin Y, Pang D, Zhang G, Liu H, Xie Z, Yuan H, Ouyang H, Wang J, Tang X. A CRISPR-engineered swine model of COL2A1 deficiency recapitulates altered early skeletal developmental defects in humans. Bone 2020; 137:115450. [PMID: 32450343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the COL2A1 gene were previously described as a cause of type II collagenopathy (e.g., spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Stickler syndrome type I), a major subgroup of genetic skeletal diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with COL2A1 mutations remain unclear, and there are few large-mammal models of these diseases. In this study, we established a swine model carrying COL2A1 mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies. Animals mutant for COL2A1 exhibited severe skeletal dysplasia characterized by shortened long bones, abnormal vertebrae, depressed nasal bridge, and cleft palate. Importantly, COL2A1 mutant piglets suffered tracheal collapse, which was almost certainly the cause of their death shortly after birth. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that overt and striking skeletal dysplasia occurring in human patients can be recapitulated in large transgenic mammals. This model underscores the importance of employing large animals as models to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutics of skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Zhang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041 Changchun, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Yanguo Qin
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041 Changchun, China.
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China.
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041 Changchun, China; Research Centre of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041 Changchun, China.
| | - He Liu
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041 Changchun, China.
| | - Zicong Xie
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China.
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China.
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041 Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China.
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Nenna R, Turchetti A, Mastrogiorgio G, Midulla F. COL2A1 Gene Mutations: Mechanisms of Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2019; 12:235-238. [PMID: 31824186 PMCID: PMC6900288 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s197205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The COL2A1 gene consists of 54 exons spanning over 31.5 kb and encodes for type II collagen. Type II collagen is the main component of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix, nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discus, vitreous humor of the eye and inner ear structure. Molecular defects in COL2A1 gene cause a wide variety of rare autosomal-dominant conditions known as type II collagenopathies. A clear genotype-phenotype relationship is not yet known. However, some correlations are described. Spondyloephyseal dysplasia congenita was suggested for a short-trunk dwarfing condition affecting primarily the vertebrae and the proximal epiphyses of the long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerarda Mastrogiorgio
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Paediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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9
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Girisha KM, Bhavani GS, Shah H, Moirangthem A, Shukla A, Kim OH, Nishimura G, Mortier GR. Biallelic variants p.Arg1133Cys and p.Arg1379Cys in COL2A1: Further delineation of phenotypic spectrum of recessive Type 2 collagenopathies. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:338-347. [PMID: 31755234 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic spectrum of Type 2 collagenopathies ranges from lethal achondrogenesis Type 2 to milder osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia. All of them are monoallelic except for the two recent reports showing that biallelic variants in COL2A1 can cause spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita in two children. Here we report two additional families with homozygous variants, c.4135C>T (p.Arg1379Cys) and c.3190C>T (p.Arg1133Cys) in COL2A1 resulting in two distinct skeletal dysplasia phenotypes of intermediate severity. Though all six patients from four families exhibit a spondylo-epimetaphyseal dysplasia, they demonstrate a wide variation in severity of short stature and involvement of epiphyses, metaphyses, and vertebrae. We hypothesize that the variants are likely to be hypomorphic, given the underlying mechanisms of disease causation for known heterozygous variants in COL2A1. With this report, we provide further evidence to the existence of autosomal recessive Type 2 collagenopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Gandham S Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Amita Moirangthem
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases Iruma-gun, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Geert R Mortier
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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10
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Yonemitsu MA, Lin TY, Yu K. Hyaluronic acid is required for palatal shelf movement and its interaction with the tongue during palatal shelf elevation. Dev Biol 2019; 457:57-68. [PMID: 31526805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Palatal shelf elevation is an essential morphogenetic process that results from palatal shelf movement caused by an intrinsic elevating force. The nature of the elevating force remains unclear, but the accumulation of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the palatal shelves may play a pivotal role in developing the elevating force. In mammals, HA is synthesized by hyaluronic acid synthases (HAS) that are encoded by three genes (Has1-3). Here, we used the Wnt1-Cre driver to conditionally disrupt hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (Has2) in cranial neural crest cell lineages. All Has2 conditional knockout (cko) mice had cleft palate due to failed shelf elevation during palate development. The HA content was significantly reduced in the craniofacial mesenchyme of Has2 cko mutants. Reduced HA content affected the ECM space and shelf expansion to result in a reduced shelf area and an increased mesenchymal cell density in the palatal shelves of Has2 cko mutants. We examined palatal shelf movement by removal of the tongue and mandible from unfixed E13.5 and early E14.5 embryonic heads. Reduced shelf expansion in Has2 cko mutants altered palatal shelf movement in the medial direction resulting in a larger gap between the palatal shelves than that of littermate controls. We further examined palatal shelf movement in the intact oral cavity by culturing explants containing the maxilla, palate, mandible and tongue (MPMT explants). The palatal shelves elevated alongside morphological changes in the tongue after 24-h culture in MPMT explants of early E14.5 wild type embryos. On the contrary, shelf elevation failed to occur in MPMT explants of age-matched Has2 cko mutants because the tongue obstructs palatal shelf movement, suggesting that reduced shelf expansion could be essential for the palatal shelves to interact with the tongue and overcome tongue obstruction during shelf elevation. Has2 cko mutants also showed micrognathia due to reduced HA content in the mandibular mesenchyme including Meckel's cartilage. Through 3D imaging and morphometric analysis, we demonstrate that mandibular growth results in a significant increase in the vertical dimension of the common oral-nasal cavity that facilitates palatal shelf movement and its interaction with the tongue during shelf elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Yonemitsu
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
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11
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Lian C, Wang X, Qiu X, Wu Z, Gao B, Liu L, Liang G, Zhou H, Yang X, Peng Y, Liang A, Xu C, Huang D, Su P. Collagen type II suppresses articular chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoarthritis progression by promoting integrin β1-SMAD1 interaction. Bone Res 2019; 7:8. [PMID: 30854241 PMCID: PMC6403405 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic differentiation is not only the terminal process of endochondral ossification in the growth plate but is also an important pathological change in osteoarthritic cartilage. Collagen type II (COL2A1) was previously considered to be only a structural component of the cartilage matrix, but recently, it has been revealed to be an extracellular signaling molecule that can significantly suppress chondrocyte hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms by which COL2A1 regulates hypertrophic differentiation remain unclear. In our study, a Col2a1 p.Gly1170Ser mutant mouse model was constructed, and Col2a1 loss was demonstrated in homozygotes. Loss of Col2a1 was found to accelerate chondrocyte hypertrophy through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-SMAD1 pathway. Upon interacting with COL2A1, integrin β1 (ITGB1), the major receptor for COL2A1, competed with BMP receptors for binding to SMAD1 and then inhibited SMAD1 activation and nuclear import. COL2A1 could also activate ITGB1-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and, through ERK1/2-SMAD1 interaction, it further repressed SMAD1 activation, thus inhibiting BMP-SMAD1-mediated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, COL2A1 expression was downregulated, while chondrocyte hypertrophic markers and BMP-SMAD1 signaling activity were upregulated in degenerative human articular cartilage. Our study reveals novel mechanisms for the inhibition of chondrocyte hypertrophy by COL2A1 and suggests that the degradation and decrease in COL2A1 might initiate and promote osteoarthritis progression. A signaling feedback loop that contributes to cartilage degeneration may offer a fruitful target for the treatment of osteoarthritis. During the early stages of this disorder, cartilage-forming chondrocytes undergo a process of expansion known as hypertrophy, after which they die and are replaced by calcium. Researchers led by Peiqiang Su and Dongsheng Huang of Sun Yat-sen University have demonstrated that COL2A1, an important structural protein, represents an important safeguard against hypertrophy. COL2A1 helps maintain chondrocytes in their normal, healthy state, but Su and Huang showed that signaling factors produced during cartilage repair can reduce COL2A1 levels. This in turn accelerates hypertrophy, promoting further depletion of COL2A1 and ultimately leading to full-blown osteoarthritis. Drugs that break this cycle and preserve COL2A1 could thus help protect endangered joints before the damage becomes severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Lian
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China.,2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xudong Wang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- 3Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Bo Gao
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lei Liu
- 4Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Guoyan Liang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medicine Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hang Zhou
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yan Peng
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Anjing Liang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Caixia Xu
- 6Research Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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Seegmiller RE, Foster C, Burnham JL. Understanding chondrodysplasia (cho): A comprehensive review of cho as an animal model of birth defects, disorders, and molecular mechanisms. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:237-247. [PMID: 30719872 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutant chondrodysplasia (cho) is a cartilage-targeting disorder in C57BL mice that results in dwarfing and other malformations stemming from this collagenopathy. Clarke Fraser made the discovery of the mutation accidentally in the early 1960s during the thalidomide tragedy. METHODS For this review we identified key research on cho as since its discovery. Relevant data were compiled to make a comprehensive review that details discoveries associated with the cho mutation, that describes the associated phenotypes and molecular mechanisms, and that provides a discussion surrounding its current clinical relevance. RESULTS Mechanistically, cho acts by hindering chondrogenesis and endochondral bone formation. The phenotype results from a 1-nt deletion in the gene encoding the alpha 1 chain of type XI collagen. For more than half a century, researchers have studied the pathogenesis of the cho mutation in relation to a variety of mouse models of human birth defects and disease. These studies have resulted in several discoveries linking cho with such human disorders as dwarfism, tracheal stenosis, cleft palate, pulmonary hypoplasia, and osteoarthritis (OA). CONCLUSION The study of cho has led to numerous advances in understanding human birth defects, congenital disorders, and adult human disease. The most recent studies have suggested a role for the TGF-Beta, HtrA1, Ddr2, and Mmp-13 pathway in the degradation of articular cartilage and the development of OA in cho/+ mice. We have shown that the anti-hypertension drug Losartan is a TGF-Beta blocker that could be used to treat OA in Stickler syndrome, and thereby rescue the WT phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Seegmiller
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Cameron Foster
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jared L Burnham
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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13
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Chen A, Fertala A, Abboud J, Wang M, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK. The Molecular Basis of Genetic Collagen Disorders and Its Clinical Relevance. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018; 100:976-986. [PMID: 29870450 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Chen
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Abboud
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Wang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
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15
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A novel de novo mutation in COL2A1 leading to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita in a Chinese family. Hum Genome Var 2018; 5:17059. [PMID: 29354277 PMCID: PMC5763142 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant chondrodysplasia that is usually caused by substitution of glycine with another amino acid in the triple helical region of COL2A1. Herein, we describe a case of SEDC in a Chinese family with a novel de novo mutation in the COL2A1 gene, c.1150G>A (p.Gly384Ser), which may impair protein stability and lead to dysfunction of type II collagen.
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16
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Liu Y, Asan, Ma D, Lv F, Xu X, Wang J, Xia W, Jiang Y, Wang O, Xing X, Yu W, Wang J, Sun J, Song L, Zhu Y, Yang H, Wang J, Li M. Gene mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation in a cohort of Chinese osteogenesis imperfecta patients revealed by targeted next generation sequencing. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2985-2995. [PMID: 28725987 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The achievement of more accurate diagnosis would greatly benefit the management of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In this study, we present the largest OI sample in China as screened by next generation sequencing. In particular, we successfully identified 81 variants, which included 45 novel variants. We further did a genotype-phenotype analysis, which helps make a better understanding of OI. INTRODUCTION This study aims to reveal the gene mutation spectrum and the genotype-phenotype relationship among Chinese OI patients by next generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS We developed a NGS-based panel for targeted sequencing of all exons of 14 genes related to OI, and performed diagnostic gene sequencing for a cohort of 103 Chinese OI patients from 101 unrelated families. Mutations identified by NGS were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis. RESULTS Of the 103 patients from 101 unrelated OI families, we identified 79 mutations, including 43 novel mutations (11 frameshift, 17 missense, 5 nonsense, 9 splice site, and 1 chromosome translocation) in 90 patients (87.4%). Mutations in genes encoding type I collagen, COL1A1 (n = 37), and COL1A2 (n = 29) accounts for 73.3% of all molecularly diagnosed patients, followed by IFITM5 (n = 9, 10%), SERPINF1 (n = 4, 4.4%), WNT1 (n = 4, 4.4%), FKBP10 (n = 3, 3.3%), TMEM38B (n = 3, 3.3%), and PLOD2 (n = 1, 1.1%). This corresponds to 75 autosomal dominant inherited (AD) OI patients and 15 autosomal recessive (AR) inherited patients. Compared with AD inherited OI patients, AR inherited patients had lower bone mineral density (BMD) at spine (P = 0.05) and less frequent blue sclera (P = 0.001). Patients with type I collagen qualitative defects had lower femoral neck BMD Z-score (P = 0.034) and were shorter compared with patients with type I collagen quantitative defects (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION We revealed the gene mutation spectrum in Chinese OI patients, and novel mutations identified here expanded the mutation catalog and genotype and phenotype relationships among OI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Asan
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - D Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - F Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - W Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - O Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - X Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - W Yu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - J Wang
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - J Sun
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - L Song
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Binhai Genomics Institute, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - H Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - J Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
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de Andrea CE, San-Julian M, Bovée JVMG. Integrating Morphology and Genetics in the Diagnosis of Cartilage Tumors. Surg Pathol Clin 2017; 10:537-552. [PMID: 28797501 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage-forming tumors of bone are a heterogeneous group of tumors with different molecular mechanisms involved. Enchondromas are benign hyaline cartilage-forming tumors of medullary bone caused by mutations in IDH1 or IDH2. Osteochondromas are benign cartilage-capped bony projections at the surface of bone. IDH mutations are also found in dedifferentiated and periosteal chondrosarcoma. A recurrent HEY1-NCOA2 fusion characterizes mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Molecular changes are increasingly used to improve diagnostic accuracy in chondrosarcomas. Detection of IDH mutations or HEY1-NCOA2 fusions has already proved their immense value, especially on small biopsy specimens or in case of unusual presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E de Andrea
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Mikel San-Julian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Clinic of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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18
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Kadler KE. Fell Muir Lecture: Collagen fibril formation in vitro and in vivo. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:4-16. [PMID: 28508516 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a great honour to be awarded the Fell Muir Prize for 2016 by the British Society of Matrix Biology. As recipient of the prize, I am taking the opportunity to write a minireview on collagen fibrillogenesis, which has been the focus of my research for 33 years. This is the process by which triple helical collagen molecules assemble into centimetre-long fibrils in the extracellular matrix of animals. The fibrils appeared a billion years ago at the dawn of multicellular animal life as the primary scaffold for tissue morphogenesis. The fibrils occur in exquisite three-dimensional architectures that match the physical demands of tissues, for example orthogonal lattices in cornea, basket weaves in skin and blood vessels, and parallel bundles in tendon, ligament and nerves. The question of how collagen fibrils are formed was posed at the end of the nineteenth century. Since then, we have learned about the structure of DNA and the peptide bond, understood how plants capture the sun's energy, cloned animals, discovered antibiotics and found ways of editing our genome in the pursuit of new cures for diseases. However, how cells generate tissues from collagen fibrils remains one of the big unsolved mysteries in biology. In this review, I will give a personal account of the topic and highlight some of the approaches that my research group are taking to find new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E Kadler
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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19
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Amoroso G, Ventura T, Cobcroft JM, Adams MB, Elizur A, Carter CG. Multigenic Delineation of Lower Jaw Deformity in Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168454. [PMID: 27977809 PMCID: PMC5158070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower jaw deformity (LJD) is a skeletal anomaly affecting farmed triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) which leads to considerable economic losses for industry and has animal welfare implications. The present study employed transcriptome analysis in parallel with real-time qPCR techniques to characterise for the first time the LJD condition in triploid Atlantic salmon juveniles using two independent sample sets: experimentally-sourced salmon (60 g) and commercially produced salmon (100 g). A total of eleven genes, some detected/identified through the transcriptome analysis (fbn2, gal and gphb5) and others previously determined to be related to skeletal physiology (alp, bmp4, col1a1, col2a1, fgf23, igf1, mmp13, ocn), were tested in the two independent sample sets. Gphb5, a recently discovered hormone, was significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated in LJD affected fish in both sample sets, suggesting a possible hormonal involvement. In-situ hybridization detected gphb5 expression in oral epithelium, teeth and skin of the lower jaw. Col2a1 showed the same consistent significant (P < 0.05) down-regulation in LJD suggesting a possible cartilaginous impairment as a distinctive feature of the condition. Significant (P < 0.05) differential expression of other genes found in either one or the other sample set highlighted the possible effect of stage of development or condition progression on transcription and showed that anomalous bone development, likely driven by cartilage impairment, is more evident at larger fish sizes. The present study improved our understanding of LJD suggesting that a cartilage impairment likely underlies the condition and col2a1 may be a marker. In addition, the involvement of gphb5 urges further investigation of a hormonal role in LJD and skeletal physiology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Amoroso
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Cobcroft
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark B. Adams
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris G. Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Gawron K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrodysplasias caused by mutations in collagen types II and X. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:943-958. [PMID: 27523816 PMCID: PMC5083666 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is primarily recognized as the site of synthesis and folding of secreted, membrane-bound, and some organelle-targeted proteins. An imbalance between the load of unfolded proteins and the processing capacity in endoplasmic reticulum leads to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is a hallmark of a number of storage diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, a number of metabolic diseases, and cancer. Moreover, its contribution as a novel mechanistic paradigm in genetic skeletal diseases associated with abnormalities of the growth plates and dwarfism is considered. In this review, I discuss the mechanistic significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress, abnormal folding, and intracellular retention of mutant collagen types II and X in certain variants of skeletal chondrodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gawron
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Deng H, Huang X, Yuan L. Molecular genetics of the COL2A1-related disorders. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 768:1-13. [PMID: 27234559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type II collagen, comprised of three identical alpha-1(II) chains, is the major collagen synthesized by chondrocytes, and is found in articular cartilage, vitreous humour, inner ear and nucleus pulposus. Mutations in the collagen type II alpha-1 gene (COL2A1) have been reported to be responsible for a series of abnormalities, known as type II collagenopathies. To date, 16 definite disorders, inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern, have been described to be associated with the COL2A1 mutations, and at least 405 mutations ranging from point mutations to complex rearrangements have been reported, though the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Significant clinical heterogeneity has been reported in COL2A1-associated type II collagenopathies. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of known mutations in the COL2A1 gene for these disorders, as well as genetic animal models related to the COL2A1 gene, which may help us understand the nature of complex phenotypes and underlying pathogenesis of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiangjun Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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22
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Barat-Houari M, Dumont B, Fabre A, Them FT, Alembik Y, Alessandri JL, Amiel J, Audebert S, Baumann-Morel C, Blanchet P, Bieth E, Brechard M, Busa T, Calvas P, Capri Y, Cartault F, Chassaing N, Ciorca V, Coubes C, David A, Delezoide AL, Dupin-Deguine D, El Chehadeh S, Faivre L, Giuliano F, Goldenberg A, Isidor B, Jacquemont ML, Julia S, Kaplan J, Lacombe D, Lebrun M, Marlin S, Martin-Coignard D, Martinovic J, Masurel A, Melki J, Mozelle-Nivoix M, Nguyen K, Odent S, Philip N, Pinson L, Plessis G, Quélin C, Shaeffer E, Sigaudy S, Thauvin C, Till M, Touraine R, Vigneron J, Baujat G, Cormier-Daire V, Le Merrer M, Geneviève D, Touitou I. The expanding spectrum of COL2A1 gene variants IN 136 patients with a skeletal dysplasia phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:992-1000. [PMID: 26626311 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous COL2A1 variants cause a wide spectrum of skeletal dysplasia termed type II collagenopathies. We assessed the impact of this gene in our French series. A decision tree was applied to select 136 probands (71 Stickler cases, 21 Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita cases, 11 Kniest dysplasia cases, and 34 other dysplasia cases) before molecular diagnosis by Sanger sequencing. We identified 66 different variants among the 71 positive patients. Among those patients, 18 belonged to multiplex families and 53 were sporadic. Most variants (38/44, 86%) were located in the triple helical domain of the collagen chain and glycine substitutions were mainly observed in severe phenotypes, whereas arginine to cysteine changes were more often encountered in moderate phenotypes. This series of skeletal dysplasia is one of the largest reported so far, adding 44 novel variants (15%) to published data. We have confirmed that about half of our Stickler patients (46%) carried a COL2A1 variant, and that the molecular spectrum was different across the phenotypes. To further address the question of genotype-phenotype correlation, we plan to screen our patients for other candidate genes using a targeted next-generation sequencing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Barat-Houari
- Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares et auto-inflammatoires, CHRU, Montpellier, France.,Génétique des Maladies Auto-inflammatoires et des Ostéo-arthropathies chroniques, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Dumont
- Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares et auto-inflammatoires, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares et auto-inflammatoires, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Tm Them
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Centre de compétence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Alembik
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jeanne Amiel
- Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Audebert
- Pédiatrie et Génétique Médicale, CHU de Brest - Hôpital Auguste Morvan, Brest, France
| | | | - Patricia Blanchet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Centre de compétence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Département de Génétique Médicale, institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Brechard
- Unité de consultations externes, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Département de Génétique Médicale, institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - François Cartault
- Service de Génétique, CHU Félix Guyon, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Département de Génétique Médicale, institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Centre de compétence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Delphine Dupin-Deguine
- Département de Génétique Médicale, institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon - Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France
| | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nice - Hôpital de l'Archet II, Nice, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Rouen - Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Julia
- Département de Génétique Médicale, institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Josseline Kaplan
- Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Lebrun
- Génétique Clinique, Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU Hôpital Nord, St Pirest en Jarez, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alice Masurel
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon - Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France
| | - Judith Melki
- Pôle Neurosciences Tête et Cou (NTC), GHU Paris-Sud - Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Karine Nguyen
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, numéro 9, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Nicole Philip
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Centre de compétence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, numéro 9, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Shaeffer
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Christel Thauvin
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon - Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Till
- Service de Cytogénétique Constitutionnelle, Groupement Hospitalier Est - Hôpitaux de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Génétique Clinique, Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU Hôpital Nord, St Pirest en Jarez, France
| | | | - Geneviève Baujat
- Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Martine Le Merrer
- Département de Génétique et INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fondation Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Centre de compétence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, CHRU, Montpellier, France.,Génétique des Maladies Auto-inflammatoires et des Ostéo-arthropathies chroniques, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Touitou
- Laboratoire de génétique des maladies rares et auto-inflammatoires, CHRU, Montpellier, France.,Génétique des Maladies Auto-inflammatoires et des Ostéo-arthropathies chroniques, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis contributes to a skeletal dysplasia resembling platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type, in a novel Col2a1 mutant mouse line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Zhang J, Yang R, Liu Z, Hou C, Zong W, Zhang A, Sun X, Gao J. Loss of lysyl oxidase-like 3 causes cleft palate and spinal deformity in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6174-85. [PMID: 26307084 PMCID: PMC4599675 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, embryonic development are highly regulated morphogenetic processes that are tightly controlled by genetic elements. Failure of any one of these processes can result in embryonic malformation. The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes are closely related to human diseases. In this study, we investigated the essential role of lysyl oxidase-like 3 (LOXL3), a member of the LOX family, in embryonic development. Mice lacking LOXL3 exhibited perinatal lethality, and the deletion of the Loxl3 gene led to impaired development of the palate shelves, abnormalities in the cartilage primordia of the thoracic vertebrae and mild alveolar shrinkage. We found that the obvious decrease of collagen cross-links in palate and spine that was induced by the lack of LOXL3 resulted in cleft palate and spinal deformity. Thus, we provide critical in vivo evidence that LOXL3 is indispensable for mouse palatogenesis and vertebral column development. The Loxl3 gene may be a candidate disease gene resulting in cleft palate and spinal deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Congzhe Hou
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wen Zong
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, China
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25
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Palmer K, Fairfield H, Borgeia S, Curtain M, Hassan MG, Dionne L, Yong Karst S, Coombs H, Bronson RT, Reinholdt LG, Bergstrom DE, Donahue LR, Cox TC, Murray SA. Discovery and characterization of spontaneous mouse models of craniofacial dysmorphology. Dev Biol 2015; 415:216-227. [PMID: 26234751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial abnormalities are among the most common features of human genetic syndromes and disorders. The etiology of these conditions is often complex, influenced by both genetic context and the environment. Frequently, craniofacial abnormalities present as part of a syndrome with clear comorbid phenotypes, providing additional insight into mechanisms of the causative gene or pathway. The mouse has been a key tool in our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of craniofacial development and disease, and can provide excellent models for human craniofacial abnormalities. While powerful genetic engineering tools in the mouse have contributed significantly our understanding of craniofacial development and dysmorphology, forward genetic approaches provide an unbiased means to identify new genes and pathways. Moreover, spontaneous mutations can occur on any number of genetic backgrounds, potentially revealing critical genes that require a specific genetic context. Here we report discovery and phenotyping of 43 craniofacial mouse models, derived primarily from a screen for spontaneous mutations in production colonies at the Jackson Laboratory. We identify the causative gene for 33 lines, including novel genes in pathways not previously connected to craniofacial development, and novel alleles of known genes that present with unique phenotypes. Together with our detailed characterization, this work provides a valuable gene discovery resource for the craniofacial community, and a rich source of mouse models for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Palmer
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Suhaib Borgeia
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Mohamed G Hassan
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Louise Dionne
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Son Yong Karst
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Harold Coombs
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy C Cox
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics (Craniofacial Medicine), Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephen A Murray
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
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26
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Zopf DA, Flanagan CL, Nasser HB, Mitsak AG, Huq FS, Rajendran V, Green GE, Hollister SJ. Biomechanical evaluation of human and porcine auricular cartilage. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:E262-8. [PMID: 25891012 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The mechanical properties of normal auricular cartilage provide a benchmark against which to characterize changes in auricular structure/function due to genetic defects creating phenotypic abnormalities in collagen subtypes. Such properties also provide inputs/targets for auricular reconstruction scaffold design. Several studies report the biomechanical properties for septal, costal, and articular cartilage. However, analogous data for auricular cartilage are lacking. Therefore, our aim in this study was to characterize both whole-ear and auricular cartilage mechanics by mechanically testing specimens and fitting the results to nonlinear constitutive models. STUDY DESIGN Mechanical testing of whole ears and auricular cartilage punch biopsies. METHODS Whole human cadaveric ear and auricular cartilage punch biopsies from both porcine and human cartilage were subjected to whole-ear helix-down compression and quasistatic unconfined compression tests. Common hyperelastic constitutive laws (widely used to characterize soft tissue mechanics) were evaluated for their ability to represent the stress-strain behavior of auricular cartilage. RESULTS Load displacement curves for whole ear testing exhibited compliant linear behavior until after significant displacement where nonlinear stiffening occurred. All five commonly used two-term hyperelastic soft tissue constitutive models successfully fit both human and porcine nonlinear elastic behavior (mean R(2) fit >0.95). CONCLUSIONS Auricular cartilage exhibits nonlinear strain-stiffening elastic behavior that is similar to other soft tissues in the body. The whole ear exhibits compliant behavior with strain stiffening at high displacement. The constants from the hyperelastic model fits provide quantitative baselines for both human and porcine (a commonly used animal model for auricular tissue engineering) auricular mechanics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Zopf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Colleen L Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Hassan B Nasser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna G Mitsak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Farhan S Huq
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vishnu Rajendran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Glenn E Green
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott J Hollister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
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Abstract
Growth plate is a specialized cartilaginous structure that mediates the longitudinal growth of skeletal bones. It consists of ordered zones of chondrocytes that secrete an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of specific types of collagens and proteoglycans. Several heritable human skeletal dysplasias are caused by mutations in these ECM components and this review focuses on the roles of type II, IX, X, and XI collagens, aggrecan, matrilins, perlecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in the growth plate as deduced from human disease phenotypes and mouse models. Substantial advances have been achieved in deciphering the interaction networks and individual roles of these components in the construction of the growth plate ECM. Furthermore, ER stress and other cellular responses have been identified as key downstream effects of the ECM mutations contributing to abnormal growth plate development. The next challenge is to utilize the molecular level knowledge for the development of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland,
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28
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Arita M, Fertala J, Hou C, Steplewski A, Fertala A. Mechanisms of aberrant organization of growth plates in conditional transgenic mouse model of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia associated with the R992C substitution in collagen II. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:214-29. [PMID: 25451152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in collagen II, a main structural protein of cartilage, are associated with various forms of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED), whose main features include aberrations of linear growth. Here, we analyzed the pathomechanisms responsible for growth alterations in transgenic mice with conditional expression of the R992C collagen II mutation. Specifically, we studied the alterations of the growth plates of mutant mice in which chondrocytes lacked their typical columnar arrangement. Our studies demonstrated that chondrocytes expressing the thermolabile R992C mutant collagen II molecules endured endoplasmic reticulum stress, had atypical polarization, and had reduced proliferation. Moreover, we demonstrated aberrant organization and morphology of primary cilia. Analyses of the extracellular collagenous deposits in mice expressing the R992C mutant collagen II molecules indicated their poor formation and distribution. By contrast, transgenic mice expressing wild-type collagen II and mice in which the expression of the transgene encoding the R992C collagen II was switched off were characterized by normal growth, and the morphology of their growth plates was correct. Our study with the use of a conditional mouse SED model not only indicates a direct relation between the observed aberration of skeletal tissues and the presence of mutant collagen II, but also identifies cellular and matrix elements of the pathomechanism of SED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Arita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cheryl Hou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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29
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Tham E, Nishimura G, Geiberger S, Horemuzova E, Nilsson D, Lindstrand A, Hammarsjö A, Armenio M, Mäkitie O, Zabel B, Nordgren A, Nordenskjöld M, Grigelioniene G. Autosomal recessive mutations in theCOL2A1gene cause severe spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2014; 87:496-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging; Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Geiberger
- Department of Pediatric Radiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E. Horemuzova
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - D. Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory; Karolinska Institutet Science Park; Solna Sweden
| | - A. Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Hammarsjö
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Armenio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - O. Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - B. Zabel
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Freiburg University Hospital; Freiburg Germany
| | - A. Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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30
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Patterson SE, Dealy CN. Mechanisms and models of endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrodysplasia. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:875-93. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Patterson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development; Department of Reconstructive Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut
| | - Caroline N. Dealy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development; Department of Reconstructive Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development; Department of Orthopedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington Connecticut
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31
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Xu L, Qiu X, Zhu Z, Yi L, Qiu Y. A novel mutation in COL2A1 leading to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita in a three-generation family. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 23 Suppl 2:271-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-014-3292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Liang G, Lian C, Huang D, Gao W, Liang A, Peng Y, Ye W, Wu Z, Su P, Huang D. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-unfolding protein response-apoptosis cascade causes chondrodysplasia in a col2a1 p.Gly1170Ser mutated mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86894. [PMID: 24475193 PMCID: PMC3903611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1) mutation causes severe skeletal malformations, but the pathogenic mechanisms of how this occurs are unclear. To understand how this may happen, a col2a1 p.Gly1170Ser mutated mouse model was constructed and in homozygotes, the chondrodysplasia phenotype was observed. Misfolded procollagen was largely synthesized and retained in dilated endoplasmic reticulum and the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-unfolded protein response (UPR)-apoptosis cascade was activated. Apoptosis occurred prior to hypertrophy, prevented the formation of a hypertrophic zone, disrupted normal chondrogenic signaling pathways, and eventually caused chondrodysplasia. Heterozygotes had normal phenotypes and endoplasmic reticulum stress intensity was limited with no abnormal apoptosis detected. Our results suggest that earlier chondrocyte death was related to the ERS-UPR-apoptosis cascade and that this was the chief cause of chondrodysplaia. The col2a1 p.Gly1170Ser mutated mouse model offered a novel connection between misfolded collagen and skeletal malformation. Further investigation of this mouse mutant model can help us understand mechanisms of type II collagenopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjie Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (DH); (PS)
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (DH); (PS)
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33
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Structural variations in articular cartilage matrix are associated with early-onset osteoarthritis in the spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (sedc) mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16515-31. [PMID: 23939426 PMCID: PMC3759923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozgyous spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (sedc/+) mice expressing a missense mutation in col2a1 exhibit a normal skeletal morphology but early-onset osteoarthritis (OA). We have recently examined knee articular cartilage obtained from homozygous (sedc/sedc) mice, which express a Stickler-like phenotype including dwarfism. We examined sedc/sedc mice at various levels to better understand the mechanistic process resulting in OA. Mutant sedc/sedc, and control (+/+) cartilages were compared at two, six and nine months of age. Tissues were fixed, decalcified, processed to paraffin sections, and stained with hematoxylin/eosin and safranin O/fast green. Samples were analyzed under the light microscope and the modified Mankin and OARSI scoring system was used to quantify the OA-like changes. Knees were stained with 1C10 antibody to detect the presence and distribution of type II collagen. Electron microscopy was used to study chondrocyte morphology and collagen fibril diameter. Compared with controls, mutant articular cartilage displayed decreased fibril diameter concomitant with increases in size of the pericellular space, Mankin and OARSI scores, cartilage thickness, chondrocyte clustering, proteoglycan staining and horizontal fissuring. In conclusion, homozygous sedc mice are subject to early-onset knee OA. We conclude that collagen in the mutant’s articular cartilage (both heterozygote and homozygote) fails to provide the normal meshwork required for matrix integrity and overall cartilage stability.
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34
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Skeletal diseases caused by mutations that affect collagen structure and function. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1556-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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ANGELI SIMON, LIN XI, LIU XUEZHONG. Genetics of hearing and deafness. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:1812-29. [PMID: 23044516 PMCID: PMC4523052 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article is a review of the genes and genetic disorders that affect hearing in humans and a few selected mouse models of deafness. Genetics is playing an increasingly critical role in the practice of medicine. This is not only in part to the importance that genetic knowledge has on traditional genetic diseases but also in part to the fact that genetic knowledge provides an understanding of the fundamental biological process of most diseases. The proteins coded by the genes related to hearing loss (HL) are involved in many functions in the ear, such as cochlear fluid homeostasis, ionic channels, stereocilia morphology and function, synaptic transmission, gene regulation, and others. Mouse models play a crucial role in understanding of the pathogenesis associated with these genes. Different types of familial HL have been recognized for years; however, in the last two decades, there has been tremendous progress in the discovery of gene mutations that cause deafness. Most of the cases of genetic deafness recognized today are monogenic disorders that can be broadly classified by the mode of inheritance (i.e., autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial inheritance) and by the presence of associated phenotypic features (i.e., syndromic; and nonsyndromic). In terms of nonsyndromic HL, the chromosomal locations are currently known for ∼ 125 loci (54 for dominant and 71 for recessive deafness), 64 genes have been identified (24 for dominant and 40 for recessive deafness), and there are many more loci for syndromic deafness and X-linked and mitochondrial DNA disorders (http://hereditaryhearingloss.org). Thus, today's clinician must understand the science of medical genetics as this knowledge can lead to more effective disease diagnosis, counseling, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- SIMON ANGELI
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - XI LIN
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - XUE ZHONG LIU
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Holt DW, Henderson ML, Stockdale CE, Farrell JT, Kooyman DL, Bridgewater LC, Seegmiller RE. Osteoarthritis-like changes in the heterozygous sedc mouse associated with the HtrA1-Ddr2-Mmp-13 degradative pathway: a new model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:430-439. [PMID: 22155431 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (sedc) heterozygous (sedc/+) mouse, a COL2A1 mutant, is a model for the study of osteoarthritis (OA) in the absence of dwarfism and to investigate the presence of HtrA1, Ddr2, and Mmp-13 and their possible involvement in a universal mechanism leading to OA. DESIGN Whole mount skeletons of adult animals were analyzed to determine whether sedc/+ mice exhibit dwarfism. To characterize progression of osteoarthritic degeneration over time, knee and temporomandibular joints from sedc/+ and wild-type mice were analyzed histologically, and severity of articular cartilage degradation was graded using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in expression of HtrA1, Ddr2, and Mmp-13 in articular cartilage of knees. RESULTS As previously reported, the sedc/+ skeleton morphology was indistinguishable from wild type, and skeletal measurements revealed no significant differences. The sedc/+ mouse did, however, show significantly higher OARSI scores in knee (9, 12 and 18 months) and temporomandibular joints at all ages examined. Histological staining showed regions of proteoglycan degradation as early as 2 months in both temporomandibular and knee joints of the mutant. Cartilage fissuring and erosion were observed to begin between 2 and 6 months in temporomandibular joints and 9 months in knee joints from sedc/+ mice. Immunohistochemistry of mutant knee articular cartilage showed increased expression of HtrA1, Ddr2, and Mmp-13 compared to wild type, which upregulation preceded fibrillation and fissuring of the articular surfaces. CONCLUSIONS With regard to skeletal morphology, the sedc/+ mouse appears phenotypically normal but develops premature OA as hypothesized. We conclude that the sedc/+ mouse is a useful model for the study of OA in individuals with overtly normal skeletal structure and a predisposition for articular cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Holt
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - M L Henderson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - C E Stockdale
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - J T Farrell
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - D L Kooyman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - L C Bridgewater
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - R E Seegmiller
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA.
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Esapa CT, Hough TA, Testori S, Head RA, Crane EA, Chan CPS, Evans H, Bassett JHD, Tylzanowski P, McNally EG, Carr AJ, Boyde A, Howell PGT, Clark A, Williams GR, Brown MA, Croucher PI, Nesbit MA, Brown SDM, Cox RD, Cheeseman MT, Thakker RV. A mouse model for spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita with secondary osteoarthritis due to a Col2a1 mutation. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:413-28. [PMID: 22028304 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Progeny of mice treated with the mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) revealed a mouse, designated Longpockets (Lpk), with short humeri, abnormal vertebrae, and disorganized growth plates, features consistent with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC). The Lpk phenotype was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Lpk/+ mice were viable and fertile and Lpk/Lpk mice died perinatally. Lpk was mapped to chromosome 15 and mutational analysis of likely candidates from the interval revealed a Col2a1 missense Ser1386Pro mutation. Transient transfection of wild-type and Ser1386Pro mutant Col2a1 c-Myc constructs in COS-7 cells and CH8 chondrocytes demonstrated abnormal processing and endoplasmic reticulum retention of the mutant protein. Histology revealed growth plate disorganization in 14-day-old Lpk/+ mice and embryonic cartilage from Lpk/+ and Lpk/Lpk mice had reduced safranin-O and type-II collagen staining in the extracellular matrix. The wild-type and Lpk/+ embryos had vertical columns of proliferating chondrocytes, whereas those in Lpk/Lpk mice were perpendicular to the direction of bone growth. Electron microscopy of cartilage from 18.5 dpc wild-type, Lpk/+, and Lpk/Lpk embryos revealed fewer and less elaborate collagen fibrils in the mutants, with enlarged vacuoles in the endoplasmic reticulum that contained amorphous inclusions. Micro-computed tomography (CT) scans of 12-week-old Lpk/+ mice revealed them to have decreased bone mineral density, and total bone volume, with erosions and osteophytes at the joints. Thus, an ENU mouse model with a Ser1386Pro mutation of the Col2a1 C-propeptide domain that results in abnormal collagen processing and phenotypic features consistent with SEDC and secondary osteoarthritis has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Esapa
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Fairfield H, Gilbert GJ, Barter M, Corrigan RR, Curtain M, Ding Y, D'Ascenzo M, Gerhardt DJ, He C, Huang W, Richmond T, Rowe L, Probst FJ, Bergstrom DE, Murray SA, Bult C, Richardson J, Kile BT, Gut I, Hager J, Sigurdsson S, Mauceli E, Di Palma F, Lindblad-Toh K, Cunningham ML, Cox TC, Justice MJ, Spector MS, Lowe SW, Albert T, Donahue LR, Jeddeloh J, Shendure J, Reinholdt LG. Mutation discovery in mice by whole exome sequencing. Genome Biol 2011; 12:R86. [PMID: 21917142 PMCID: PMC3308049 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-9-r86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the development and optimization of reagents for in-solution, hybridization-based capture of the mouse exome. By validating this approach in a multiple inbred strains and in novel mutant strains, we show that whole exome sequencing is a robust approach for discovery of putative mutations, irrespective of strain background. We found strong candidate mutations for the majority of mutant exomes sequenced, including new models of orofacial clefting, urogenital dysmorphology, kyphosis and autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Barter
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Rebecca R Corrigan
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza R804, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Yueming Ding
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | | | - Chao He
- National Center for Genome Analysis (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Torre I, Baldiri Reixac, 408028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Lucy Rowe
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Frank J Probst
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza R804, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Carol Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Joel Richardson
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine and Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ivo Gut
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jorg Hager
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Mauceli
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Federica Di Palma
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael L Cunningham
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza R804, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mona S Spector
- National Center for Genome Analysis (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Torre I, Baldiri Reixac, 408028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- National Center for Genome Analysis (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Torre I, Baldiri Reixac, 408028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jay Shendure
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
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Jensen DA, Steplewski A, Gawron K, Fertala A. Persistence of intracellular and extracellular changes after incompletely suppressing expression of the R789C (p.R989C) and R992C (p.R1192C) collagen II mutants. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:794-805. [PMID: 21472893 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in COL2A1 produce a spectrum of disorders whose hallmark feature is alterations in skeletal development. Attempts to counteract the effects of collagen mutations at the molecular level have been relatively ineffective due to the inability to selectively suppress a mutant allele, and failure to deliver a sufficient number of cells expressing wild-type collagen. Moreover, these approaches are hampered because the minimal therapeutic conditions that would allow extracellular matrix remodeling and recovery of cells from stress are not known. Here, we employed a tetracycline-inducible system for expressing the R789C or R992C collagen II mutants, allowing us to decrease the production of mutant proteins by 25, 50, 75, or 100% with respect to their initial production. Through analysis of intracellular and extracellular parameters we have shown that affected cell/matrix systems are able to recover from mutation-induced aberrations only when 100% expression of mutant collagens is shut off, but not if the expression of small amounts of mutant molecules persists in the system. Our data suggest that efficient remodeling of tissues affected by the presence of thermolabile collagen mutants may depend on their complete elimination rather than on partial reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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40
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Furuichi T, Masuya H, Murakami T, Nishida K, Nishimura G, Suzuki T, Imaizumi K, Kudo T, Ohkawa K, Wakana S, Ikegawa S. ENU-induced missense mutation in the C-propeptide coding region of Col2a1 creates a mouse model of platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type. Mamm Genome 2011; 22:318-28. [PMID: 21538020 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The COL2A1 gene encodes the α1(II) chain of the homotrimeric type II collagen, the most abundant protein in cartilage. In humans, COL2A1 mutations create many clinical phenotypes collectively termed type II collagenopathies; however, the genetic basis of the phenotypic diversity is not well elucidated. Therefore, animal models corresponding to multiple type II collagenopathies are required. In this study we identified a novel Col2a1 missense mutation--c.44406A>C (p.D1469A)--produced by large-scale N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis in a mouse line. This mutation was located in the C-propeptide coding region of Col2a1 and in the positions corresponding to a human COL2A1 mutation responsible for platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type (PLSD-T). The phenotype was inherited as a semidominant trait. The heterozygotes were mildly but significantly smaller than wild-type mice. The homozygotes exhibited lethal skeletal dysplasias, including extremely short limbs, severe spondylar dysplasia, severe pelvic hypoplasia, and brachydactyly. As expected, these skeletal defects in the homozygotes were similar to those in PLSD-T patients. The secretion of the mutant proteins into the extracellular space was disrupted, accompanied by abnormally expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and upregulation of ER stress-related genes, such as Grp94 and Chop, in chondrocytes. These findings suggested that the accumulation of mutant type II collagen in the ER and subsequent induction of ER stress are involved, at least in part in the PLSD-T-like phenotypes of the mutants. This mutant should serve as a good model for studying PLSD-T pathogenesis and the mechanisms that create the great diversity of type II collagenopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Furuichi
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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41
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Murray SA. Mouse resources for craniofacial research. Genesis 2011; 49:190-9. [PMID: 21309071 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mouse, as a genetically defined and easily manipulated model organism, has played a critical role in unraveling the mechanisms of craniofacial development and dysmorphology. While numerous gene knockout strains that display craniofacial abnormalities and essential recombinase tool strains with craniofacial-specific expression have been generated, many are absent from public repositories. Large-scale, international resource-generating initiatives promise to address this concern, providing a comprehensive set of targeted mutations and a suite of new Cre driver strains. In addition, panels of genetically defined strains provide tools to dissect the multigenic, complex nature of craniofacial development, adding to the foundation of information gained from single gene studies. Continued progress will require awareness and access to these essential mouse resources. In this review, current mouse resources, large-scale efforts, and potential future directions will be outlined and discussed.
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42
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Gawron K, Jensen DA, Steplewski A, Fertala A. Reducing the effects of intracellular accumulation of thermolabile collagen II mutants by increasing their thermostability in cell culture conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:213-8. [PMID: 20394730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in collagen II are associated with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, a group of heritable diseases whose common features include aberrations of skeletal growth. The mechanisms through which mutations in collagen II affect the cartilaginous tissues are complex and include both intracellular and extracellular processes. One of those mechanisms involves cellular stress caused by excessive accumulation of misfolded collagen II mutants. We investigated whether stabilizing the structure of thermolabile R789C and R992C collagen II mutants would improve their secretion from cells, thereby reducing cellular stress and apoptosis. Employing glycerol and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), chemicals that increase the thermostability of collagen triple helices, we demonstrated that those compounds function as chaperones and stabilize the R789C and R992C mutants, accelerate their secretion, and improve cell survival. Our study provides a scientific basis for considering misfolded triple helices of collagen mutants a target for reducing the deleterious effects caused by their excessive intracellular accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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43
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Samardzija M, Neuhauss SCF, Joly S, Kurz-Levin M, Grimm C. Animal Models for Retinal Degeneration. NEUROMETHODS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-541-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chung HJ, Jensen DA, Gawron K, Steplewski A, Fertala A. R992C (p.R1192C) Substitution in collagen II alters the structure of mutant molecules and induces the unfolded protein response. J Mol Biol 2009; 390:306-18. [PMID: 19433093 PMCID: PMC2749300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular bases of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) associated with the R992C (p.R1192C) substitution in collagen II. At the protein level, we analyzed the structure and integrity of mutant molecules, and at the cellular level, we specifically studied the effects of the presence of the R992C collagen II on the biological processes taking place in host cells. Our studies demonstrated that mutant collagen II molecules were characterized by altered electrophoretic mobility, relatively low thermostability, the presence of atypical disulfide bonds, and slow rates of secretion into the extracellular space. Analyses of cellular responses to the presence of the mutant molecules showed that excessive accumulation of thermolabile collagen II was associated with the activation of an "unfolded protein response" and an increase in apoptosis of host cells. Collectively, these data suggest that molecular mechanisms of SED may be driven not only by structural changes in the architecture of extracellular collagenous matrices, but also by intracellular processes activated by the presence of mutant collagen II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Chung
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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45
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Menezes AH, Vogel TW. Specific entities affecting the craniocervical region: syndromes affecting the craniocervical junction. Childs Nerv Syst 2008; 24:1155-63. [PMID: 18369644 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-008-0608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The craniocervical junction is a vital component in understanding the function of the human central nervous system. It is the threshold for major pathways affecting both brain and spinal cord function, and these structures are intricately housed in a network of bone, ligaments, and soft tissues. Abnormal development of any of these components may lead to altered structure, and therefore, altered function in the central nervous system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We herein describe a set of genetic syndromes that commonly affect the craniovertebral junction and offer clinical examples from more than 6,000 patients who have been treated for these disorders. DISCUSSION The syndromes described include Chiari type I malformation, Conradi syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, Larsen syndrome, Morquio syndrome, Pierre-Robin syndrome, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenital and Weaver syndrome. The genetic mechanisms responsible for these disorders may offer unique insight into the developmental pathways and patterning in the musculoskeletal and cranial systems and may, ultimately, guide future diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold H Menezes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1824 JPP, Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
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46
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Spondyloepihpyseal dysplasia congenita. Indian J Pediatr 2008; 75:644-5. [PMID: 18759098 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-008-0125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Hintze V, Steplewski A, Ito H, Jensen DA, Rodeck U, Fertala A. Cells expressing partially unfolded R789C/p.R989C type II procollagen mutant associated with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia undergo apoptosis. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:841-51. [PMID: 18383211 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hintze
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Cheng SL, Shao JS, Cai J, Sierra OL, Towler DA. Msx2 exerts bone anabolism via canonical Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20505-22. [PMID: 18487199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800851200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Msx2 is a homeodomain transcription factor first identified in craniofacial bone and human femoral osteoblasts. We hypothesized that Msx2 might activate skeletal Wnt signaling. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of CMV-Msx2 transgene (Msx2Tg) expression on skeletal physiology and composition. Skeletal Msx2 expression was increased 2-3-fold by Msx2Tg, with expanded protein accumulation in marrow, secondary ossification centers, and periosteum. Microcomputed tomography established increased bone volume in Msx2Tg mice, with increased numbers of plate-like trabeculae. Histomorphometry revealed increased bone formation in Msx2Tg mice versus non-Tg siblings, arising from increased osteoblast numbers. While decreasing adipogenesis, Msx2Tg increased osteogenic differentiation via mechanisms inhibited by Dkk1, an antagonist of Wnt receptors LRP5 and LRP6. Bone from Msx2Tg mice elaborated higher levels of Wnt7 canonical agonists, with diminished Dkk1, changes that augment canonical signaling. Analysis of non-Tg and Msx2Tg siblings possessing the TOPGAL reporter confirmed this; Msx2Tg up-regulated skeletal beta-galactosidase expression (p </= 0.01), along with Wnt7a and Wnt7b, and reduced circulating Dkk1. To better understand molecular mechanisms, we studied C3H10T1/2 osteoprogenitor cells. As in bone, Msx2 increased Wnt7 genes and down-regulated Dkk1, while inducing the osteoblast gene alkaline phosphatase. Msx2-directed RNA interference increased Dkk1 expression and promoter activity, while reducing Wnt7a, Wnt7b, and alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, Msx2 inhibited Dkk1 promoter activity and reduced RNA polymerase association with Dkk1 chromatin. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Wnt7a, Wnt7b, and LRP6 significantly reduced Msx2-induced alkaline phosphatase. Msx2 exerts bone anabolism in part by reducing Dkk1 expression and enhancing Wnt signaling, thus promoting osteogenic differentiation of skeletal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Li Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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49
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Vijayasarathy C, Takada Y, Zeng Y, Bush RA, Sieving PA. Organization and molecular interactions of retinoschisin in photoreceptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 613:291-7. [PMID: 18188957 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74904-4_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camasamudram Vijayasarathy
- Section for Translational Research in Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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50
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Kamoun-Goldrat AS. [Genetic collagen disorders and the impact on craniofacial development]. Orthod Fr 2007; 78:49-62. [PMID: 17571532 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr:2007006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix molecules provide to tissues their mechanical properties and constitute a reservoir of local or regional signals that regulate cellular function. Collagens, the major components of osseous and collagenous matrices, have structural similarities, but are encoded by different genes. We describe here osteogenesis imperfecta, a collagen I, the principal constituent of bone, genetic disease, and its craniofacial implications. By comparing it with genetic disorders of cartilage collagen (Kniest and Stickler syndromes) we try to clarify the respective influences of these matrix molecules upon craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Kamoun-Goldrat
- Département d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Université Rene Descartes Paris V, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France.
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