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Liu CH, Boydston-White S, Weisberg A, Wang W, Sordillo LA, Perotte A, Tomaselli VP, Sordillo PP, Pei Z, Shi L, Alfano RR. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque detection by resonance Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:127006. [PMID: 27999865 PMCID: PMC5174785 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.127006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A clear correlation has been observed between the resonance Raman (RR) spectra of plaques in the aortic tunica intimal wall of a human corpse and three states of plaque evolution: fibrolipid plaques, calcified and ossified plaques, and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VPs). These three states of atherosclerotic plaque lesions demonstrated unique RR molecular fingerprints from key molecules, rendering their spectra unique with respect to one another. The vibrational modes of lipids, cholesterol, carotenoids, tryptophan and heme proteins, the amide I, II, III bands, and methyl/methylene groups from the intrinsic atherosclerotic VPs in tissues were studied. The salient outcome of the investigation was demonstrating the correlation between RR measurements of VPs and the thickness measurements of fibrous caps on VPs using standard histopathology methods, an important metric in evaluating the stability of a VP. The RR results show that VPs undergo a structural change when their caps thin to 66 ?? ? m , very close to the 65 - ? m empirical medical definition of a thin cap fibroatheroma plaque, the most unstable type of VP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-hui Liu
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Susie Boydston-White
- The City University of New York, Borough of Manhattan Community College, 199 Chambers Street, N682, New York, New York 10007-1097, United States
| | - Arel Weisberg
- Energy Research Company, 1250 South Avenue, Plainfield, New Jersey 07062, United States
| | - Wubao Wang
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Laura A. Sordillo
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Adler Perotte
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 622 West 168th Street, PH20, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Vincent P. Tomaselli
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Informatics, 622 West 168th Street, PH20, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Peter P. Sordillo
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Zhe Pei
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
| | - Lingyan Shi
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, 3000 Broadway MC 3139, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Robert R. Alfano
- The City College of the City University of New York, Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, 160 Convent Avenue, Room MR 201, New York, New York 10031-9101, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Robert R. Alfano, E-mail:
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Buschman HP, Marple ET, Wach ML, Bennett B, Schut TC, Bruining HA, Bruschke AV, van der Laarse A, Puppels GJ. In vivo determination of the molecular composition of artery wall by intravascular Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2000; 72:3771-5. [PMID: 10959962 DOI: 10.1021/ac000298b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is suggested to be determined by its chemical composition. However, at present there are no in vivo techniques available that can adequately type atherosclerotic plaques in terms of chemical composition. Previous in vitro experiments have shown that Raman spectroscopy can provide such information in great detail. Here we present the results of in vitro and in vivo intravascular Raman spectroscopic experiments, in which dedicated, miniaturized fiber-optic probes were used to illuminate the blood vessel wall and to collect Raman scattered light. The results make clear that an important hurdle to clinical application of Raman spectroscopy in atherosclerosis has been overcome, namely, the ability to obtain in vivo intravascular Raman spectra of high quality. Of equal importance is the finding that the in vivo intravascular Raman signal obtained from a blood vessel is a simple summation of signal contributions of the blood vessel wall and of blood. It means that detailed information about the chemical composition of a blood vessel wall can be obtained by adapting a multiple least-squares fitting method, which was developed previously for the analysis of in vitro spectra, to account for signal contributions of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Buschman
- Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Hanlon EB, Manoharan R, Koo TW, Shafer KE, Motz JT, Fitzmaurice M, Kramer JR, Itzkan I, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Prospects for in vivo Raman spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2000; 45:R1-59. [PMID: 10701500 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/45/2/201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a potentially important clinical tool for real-time diagnosis of disease and in situ evaluation of living tissue. The purpose of this article is to review the biological and physical basis of Raman spectroscopy of tissue, to assess the current status of the field and to explore future directions. The principles of Raman spectroscopy and the molecular level information it provides are explained. An overview of the evolution of Raman spectroscopic techniques in biology and medicine, from early investigations using visible laser excitation to present-day technology based on near-infrared laser excitation and charge-coupled device array detection, is presented. State-of-the-art Raman spectrometer systems for research laboratory and clinical settings are described. Modern methods of multivariate spectral analysis for extracting diagnostic, chemical and morphological information are reviewed. Several in-depth applications are presented to illustrate the methods of collecting, processing and analysing data, as well as the range of medical applications under study. Finally, the issues to be addressed in implementing Raman spectroscopy in various clinical applications, as well as some long-term directions for future study, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Hanlon
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, George R Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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Beard PC, Mills TN. Characterization of post mortem arterial tissue using time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy at 436, 461 and 532 nm. Phys Med Biol 1997; 42:177-98. [PMID: 9015817 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/42/1/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy has been used to characterize post mortem arterial tissue for the purpose of discriminating between normal and atheromatous areas of tissue. Ultrasonic thermoelastic waves were generated in post mortem human aorta by the absorption of nanosecond laser pulses at 436, 461 and 532 nm produced by a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with a gas filled Raman cell. A PVDF membrane hydrophone was used to detect the thermoelastic waves. At 436 nm, differences in the photoacoustic signatures of normal tissue and atherorma were found to be highly variable. At 461 nm, there was a clear and reproducible difference between the photacoustic response of atheroma and normal tissue as a result of increased optical attenuation in atheroma. At 532 nm, the generation of subsurface thermoelastic waves provided a means of determining the structure and thickness of the tissue sample. It is suggested that pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy at 461 and 532 nm may find application in characterizing arterial tissue in situ by providing information about both the composition and thickness of the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, UK
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Redd DC, Yue KT, Martin LG, Kaufman SL. Young Investigator Award. Raman spectroscopy of human atherosclerotic plaque: implications for laser angioplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1991; 2:247-52. [PMID: 1799763 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(91)72290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a specialized technique that permits highly specific identification of specimens, in contrast to fluorescence spectroscopy with which analysis of arterial tissues generates spectra that are broad and featureless, with little difference seen between normal artery and atheroma. Various plaque types and the contributions of different arterial fluorophores were studied to determine if Raman spectroscopy could function as a potential guidance modality for laser angioplasty. Arterial specimens obtained at atherectomy and post mortem were studied in air and while immersed in blood. One hundred fifty-six Raman spectra were collected from arterial specimens and chromatographic samples of collagen, elastin, cholesterol, beta-carotene, and L-tryptophan. Analysis showed both fatty and fibrous atherosclerotic plaques to have characteristic spectral peaks at 1,002, 1,154, and 1,516 cm-1, while the Raman spectrum of normal vessel was featureless. Spectral peaks of beta-carotene were nearly identical to those of fatty plaque. The arterial fluorophores collagen, elastin, cholesterol, and L-tryptophan were non-contributory. The Raman spectrum of fatty plaque immersed in a blood field was also detectable, suggesting that this technique may be useful for in vivo plaque recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Redd
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Papazoglou TG, Papaioannou T, Arakawa K, Fishbein M, Marmarelis VZ, Grundfest WS. Control of excimer laser aided tissue ablation via laser-induced fluorescence monitoring. APPLIED OPTICS 1990; 29:4950-4955. [PMID: 20577490 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.004950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Human atherosclerotic arterial samples were ablated via a fiber with a XeCl excimer laser. The resulting tissue fluorescence was recorded for each ablating pulse. The pulse-to-pulse evolution of the fluorescence intensity at 430 nm was obtained and compared to the histological findings. The characteristic transition observed in such curves exhibited good correlation with the transition from the atheromatous layer to the normal media, as determined by the histological examination. The establishment of such a relation led to the development of a simple computer algorithm able to detect plaque to normal media transitions. The limitations of this approach are discussed.
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