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Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Kotkamp M, Wood S, Booth CR, Ehramjian JC, Johnston P, Nichol SE. Comparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers in Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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2
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Webb AR, Gardiner BG, Blumthaler M, Forster P, Huber M, Krrsch PJ. A LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF TWO ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRORADIOMETERS. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb03947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Tanskanen A, Lindfors A, Määttä A, Krotkov N, Herman J, Kaurola J, Koskela T, Lakkala K, Fioletov V, Bernhard G, McKenzie R, Kondo Y, O'Neill M, Slaper H, den Outer P, Bais AF, Tamminen J. Validation of daily erythemal doses from Ozone Monitoring Instrument with ground-based UV measurement data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Bais AF, Kazadzis S, Garane K, Kouremeti N, Gröbner J, Blumthaler M, Seckmeyer G, Webb AR, Koskela T, Görts P, Schreder J. Portable device for characterizing the angular response of UV spectroradiometers. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:7136-43. [PMID: 16318185 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.007136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a device that was developed to measure the angular response of UV spectroradiometers in the field. This device is designed to be used at the operating position of spectroradiometers; thus the derived angular response also includes any effects from imperfect leveling of the diffuser and corresponds to the actual operational angular response. The design and characterization of the device and the results from its application on 11 different spectroradiometers that operate at different European UV stations are presented. Various sources of uncertainties that were identified result in a combined uncertainty in determining the angular response, which ranges between approximately 1.5% and 10%, depending on the incidence angle and the characteristics of the diffuser. For the 11 instruments, the error in reporting the diffuse irradiance ranges between 2% and - 13%, assuming isotropic distribution of the downwelling radiances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkiviadis F Bais
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Campus Box 149, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Turnbull DJ, Parisi AV. Increasing the ultraviolet protection provided by shade structures. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 78:61-7. [PMID: 15629250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The side openings of a shade structure have a direct influence on where the shade is located and the level of scattered UV in the shaded area. UV exposures were assessed for the decrease in scattered UV beneath specific shade structures by the use of two types of side-on protection, namely, polycarbonate sheeting and evergreen vegetation. Dosimetric measurements conducted in the shade of a scale model shade structure during summer and winter showed significant decreases in exposure of up to 65% for summer and 57% for winter when comparing the use and non-use of polycarbonate sheeting. Measurements conducted in the shade of four shade structures with various amounts of vegetation covering different sides, showed that adequate amounts of and positioning of vegetation decreased the scattered UV in the shade by up to 87% for the larger solar zenith angles (SZA) of approximately 67 degrees and up to 30% for the smaller SZA of approximately 11 degrees when compared to the shade structure that had no surrounding vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Turnbull
- Centre for Astronomy, Solar Radiation and Climate, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
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Using a Parameterization of a Radiative Transfer Model to Build High-Resolution Maps of Typical Clear-Sky UV Index in Catalonia, Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1175/jam2237.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To perform a climatic analysis of the annual UV index (UVI) variations in Catalonia, Spain (northeast of the Iberian Peninsula), a new simple parameterization scheme is presented based on a multilayer radiative transfer model. The parameterization performs fast UVI calculations for a wide range of cloudless and snow-free situations and can be applied anywhere. The following parameters are considered: solar zenith angle, total ozone column, altitude, aerosol optical depth, and single-scattering albedo. A sensitivity analysis is presented to justify this choice with special attention to aerosol information. Comparisons with the base model show good agreement, most of all for the most common cases, giving an absolute error within ±0.2 in the UVI for a wide range of cases considered. Two tests are done to show the performance of the parameterization against UVI measurements. One uses data from a high-quality spectroradiometer from Lauder, New Zealand [45.04°S, 169.684°E, 370 m above mean sea level (MSL)], where there is a low presence of aerosols. The other uses data from a Robertson–Berger-type meter from Girona, Spain (41.97°N, 2.82°E, 100 m MSL), where there is more aerosol load and where it has been possible to study the effect of aerosol information on the model versus measurement comparison. The parameterization is applied to a climatic analysis of the annual UVI variation in Catalonia, showing the contributions of solar zenith angle, ozone, and aerosols. High-resolution seasonal maps of typical UV index values in Catalonia are presented.
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Parisi AV, Downs N. Cloud cover and horizontal plane eye damaging solar UV exposures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2004; 49:130-136. [PMID: 15257451 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-004-0213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Revised: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The spectral UV and the cloud cover were measured at intervals of 5 min with an integrated cloud and spectral UV measurement system at a sub-tropical Southern Hemisphere site for a 6-month period and solar zenith angle (SZA) range of 4.7 degrees to approximately 80 degrees . The solar UV spectra were recorded between 280 nm and 400 nm in 0.5 nm increments and weighted with the action spectra for photokeratitis and cataracts in order to investigate the effect of cloud cover on the horizontal plane biologically damaging UV irradiances for cataracts (UVBE(cat)) and photokeratitis (UVBE(pker)). Eighty five percent of the recorded spectra produced a measured irradiance to a cloud free irradiance ratio of 0.6 and higher while 76% produced a ratio of 0.8 and higher. Empirical non-linear expressions as a function of SZA have been developed for all sky conditions to allow the evaluation of the biologically damaging UV irradiances for photokeratitis and cataracts from a knowledge of the unweighted UV irradiances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Parisi
- Centre for Astronomy, Solar Radiation and Climate, University of Southern Queensland, 4350 Toowoomba, Australia.
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Hofzumahaus A. Photolysis frequency of O3to O(1D): Measurements and modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parisi AV, Sabburg J, Kimlin MG. Comparison of biologically damaging spectral solar ultraviolet radiation at a southern hemisphere sub-tropical site. Phys Med Biol 2003; 48:N121-9. [PMID: 12741504 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/48/8/401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The first dataset of a complete year of biologically damaging spectral UV at a sub-tropical latitude in the southern hemisphere has been presented. The new data provides a baseline dataset against which comparisons can be made in the future to establish if there have been any long term trends in the biologically damaging UV. The general shape of the variation of the daily biologically damaging exposures through the year depends on the relative response of the various action spectra at the different wavelengths. The ratio of the daily erythemal to actinic exposures drops by approximately 20 to 25% from winter to summer. The ratio of the erythemal to DNA exposures drops by approximately 50% over the same period. In contrast, the ratio of the erythemal to plant damage exposures is higher in summer compared to winter. This is due to the changes in the relative proportion of UVA to UVB wavebands and relative responses of the different action spectra. The relative changes for the different action spectra show that the erythemal action spectrum cannot be used as a proxy for other biologically damaging responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Parisi
- Center for Astronomy, Solar Radiation and Climate, Faculty of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
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Bais AF. International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Model Intercomparison (IPMMI): Spectral actinic solar flux measurements and modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cantrell CA. Overview and conclusions of the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI) study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Shetter RE. Photolysis frequency of NO2: Measurement and modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McKenzie R, Johnston P, Hofzumahaus A, Kraus A, Madronich S, Cantrell C, Calvert J, Shetter R. Relationship between photolysis frequencies derived from spectroscopic measurements of actinic fluxes and irradiances during the IPMMI campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard McKenzie
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder, Central Otago New Zealand
| | - Paul Johnston
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder, Central Otago New Zealand
| | - Andreas Hofzumahaus
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Institut II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Alexander Kraus
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Institut II: Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Sasha Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Chris Cantrell
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jack Calvert
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Rick Shetter
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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McKenzie RL, Johnston PV, Smale D, Bodhaine BA, Madronich S. Altitude effects on UV spectral irradiance deduced from measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, and at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ziemke JR, Chandra S, Herman J, Varotsos C. Erythemally weighted UV trends over northern latitudes derived from Nimbus 7 TOMS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Gantner L, Winkler P, Köhler U. A method to derive long-term time series and trends of UV-B radiation (1968-1997) from observations at Hohenpeissenberg (Bavaria). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Parisi AV, Kimlin MG. Horizontal and sun-normal spectral biologically effective ultraviolet irradiances. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1999; 53:70-4. [PMID: 10672531 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(99)00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of the spectral biologically effective solar UV irradiance on the orientation of the receiver with respect to the sun has been determined for relatively cloud-free days at a sub-tropical Southern Hemisphere latitude for the solar zenith angle range 35-64 degrees. For the UV and biologically effective irradiances, the sun-normal to horizontal ratio for the total UV ranges from 1.18 +/- 0.05 to 1.27 +/- 0.06. The sun-normal to horizontal ratio for biologically effective irradiance is dependent on the relative effectiveness of the relevant action spectrum in the UV-A waveband. In contrast to the total UV, the diffuse UV and diffuse biologically effective irradiances are reduced in a sun-normal compared with a horizontal orientation by a factor ranging from 0.70 +/- 0.05 to 0.76 +/- 0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Parisi
- Centre for Astronomy and Atmospheric Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.
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McKenzie R, Connor B, Bodeker G. Increased summertime UV radiation in New Zealand in response to ozone loss. Science 1999; 285:1709-11. [PMID: 10481002 DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5434.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Long-term decreases in summertime ozone over Lauder, New Zealand (45 degrees S), are shown to have led to substantial increases in peak ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensities. In the summer of 1998-99, the peak sunburning UV radiation was about 12 percent more than in the first years of the decade. Larger increases were seen for DNA-damaging UV radiation and plant-damaging UV radiation, whereas UV-A (315 to 400 nanometers) radiation, which is insensitive to ozone, showed no increase, in agreement with model calculations. These results provide strong evidence of human-induced increases in UV radiation, in a region where baseline levels of UV radiation were already relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McKenzie
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, NIWA Lauder, PB 50061 Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand.
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Hofzumahaus A, Kraus A, Müller M. Solar actinic flux spectroradiometry: a technique for measuring photolysis frequencies in the atmosphere. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:4443-4460. [PMID: 18323929 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A spectroradiometer has been developed for direct measurement of the solar actinic UV flux (scalar intensity) and determination of photolysis frequencies in the atmosphere. The instrument is based on a scanning double monochromator with an entrance optic that exhibits an isotropic angular response over a solid angle of 2pi sr. Actinic flux spectra are measured at a resolution of 1 nm across a range of 280-420 nm, which is relevant for most tropospheric photolysis processes. The photolysis frequencies are derived from the measured radiation spectra by use of published absorption cross sections and quantum yields. The advantage of this technique compared with the traditional chemical actinometry is its versatility. It is possible to determine the photolysis frequency for any photochemical reaction of interest provided that the respective molecular photodissociation parameters are known and the absorption cross section falls within a wavelength range that is accessible by the spectroradiometer. The instrument and the calibration procedures are described in detail, and problems specific to measurement of the actinic radiation are discussed. An error analysis is presented together with a discussion of the spectral requirements of the instrument for accurate measurements of important tropospheric photolysis frequencies (J(O(1))(D), J(NO(2)), J(HCHO)). An example of measurements from previous atmospheric chemistry field campaigns are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hofzumahaus
- Institut für Atmosphärische Chemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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21
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Bernhard G, Seckmeyer G. Uncertainty of measurements of spectral solar UV irradiance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Bisson SE, Goldsmith JE, Mitchell MG. Narrow-band, narrow-field-of-view Raman lidar with combined day and night capability for tropospheric water-vapor profile measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:1841-1849. [PMID: 18305815 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe a high-performance Raman lidar system with combined day and night capability for tropospheric water-vapor profile measurements. The system incorporates high-performance UV interference filters and a narrow-band, dual-field-of-view receiver for rejection of background sunlight. Daytime performance has been demonstrated up to 5 km with 150-m vertical and 5-min temporal averaging. The nighttime performance is significantly better with measurements routinely extending from 10 to 12 km with 75-m range resolution and a 5-min temporal average. We describe design issues for daytime operation and a novel daytime calibration technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Bisson
- Diagnostics Research Division, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, PO Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-5149, USA.
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23
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McKenzie RL, Paulin KJ, Madronich S. Effects of snow cover on UV irradiance and surface albedo: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Steinmetz M. Continuous solar UV monitoring in Germany. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1997; 41:181-7. [PMID: 9440324 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)07455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Early in 1993, the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS, Salzgitter) together with the Federal Environmental Office (UBA, Berlin) established an overall UV monitoring network for the continuous measurement of spectrally resolved UV radiation. Every 6 min the solar UV spectrum is measured by a Bentham DM 150 double monochromator system in a wavelength ranging from 290 to 450 nm. Every night, UV data are automatically transferred via modem to the reference station in Munich where they are quality controlled and then stored in a host computer. Human health assessment of the exposure is documented in 1/2 h MED (minimal erythemal dose) values. The selected sites of Zingst (1 m, 54 degrees N, Baltic Sea), Offenbach (110 m, 50 degrees N, Rhine rift valley), Schauinsland (1205 m, 48 degrees N, Black Forest) and Neuherberg (493 m, 48 degrees N, Munich) provide a good overview of the UV radiation situation in Germany and therefore an ideal supplement to more detailed biological effect research, especially of comparison measurements with biosensors under environmental conditions. Preliminary investigations have already been started.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steinmetz
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, BfS, Salzgitter, Germany
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26
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McKenzie RL, Paulin KJ, Kotkamp M. Erythemal UV irradiances at Lauder, New Zealand: relationship between horizontal and normal incidence. Photochem Photobiol 1997; 66:683-9. [PMID: 9424612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Measurements from sensors designed to measure erythemal UV irradiance were used to relate the UV incident on a horizontal surface to that incident on a surface maintained normal to the sun throughout the day at Lauder, New Zealand. These UV measurements were also related to variations in global radiation, total column ozone and atmospheric pressure at the surface. Strong correlations were found between these variables over the 37 day observation period in the summer of 1995/1996. Results from these cross-calibrated UV sensors show that the irradiance incident on a surface normal to the sun can be significantly different from that on a horizontal surface. On clear days, the normal-incidence signal can be 30-40% greater for solar zenith angles in the range 60-70 degrees. Consequently, the risk of UV damage can be greater than reported by measurements or models that assume horizontal incidence (e.g., UV index). On cloudy days the normal-incidence UV can be less than 50% of the horizontal-incidence UV. Averaged over a day, any enhancements in normal-incidence UV over horizontal-incidence UV are smaller. The effects were strongly dependent on cloud conditions. Under clear skies the enhancements are generally less than 10%, and the integrated excess over horizontal-incidence UV is usually less than 5%. However, under cloudy skies the reductions can still be large.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L McKenzie
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand.
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Bodhaine BA, Dutton EG, Hofmann DJ, McKenzie RL, Johnston PV. UV measurements at Mauna Loa: July 1995 to July 1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Proffitt MH, Langford AO. Ground-based differential absorption lidar system for day or night measurements of ozone throughout the free troposphere. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:2568-2585. [PMID: 18253247 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory's rapid tunable daylight differential absorption lidar system for monitoring ozone throughout the free troposphere is described. The system components are optimized to provide continuously and rapidly profiles of ozone, day or night, with a vertical resolution of 1 km and an absolute accuracy of +/-10% to the tropopause under clear sky conditions. Routine observations of ozone with frequent error assessments are made by scanning wavelengths between 286 and 292 nm.
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Lantz KO, Shetter RE, Cantrell CA, Flocke SJ, Calvert JG, Madronich S. Theoretical, actinometric, and radiometric determinations of the photolysis rate coefficient of NO2during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Wilson SR, Forgan BW. In situ calibration technique for UV spectral radiometers. APPLIED OPTICS 1995; 34:5475-5484. [PMID: 21060369 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.005475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A technique for calibrating spectral radiometers measuring global (2π sr) irradiance using solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere as the absolute irradiance reference is reported. In addition to providing a calibration at all measured wavelengths, the technique provides a direct measure of the angular response of the radiometer. For instruments that can be used to measure the ultraviolet-B region, the calibration also provides an estimate of the ozone column amount.
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Zeng J, McKenzie R, Stamnes K, Wineland M, Rosen J. Measured UV spectra compared with discrete ordinate method simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Grainger RG, Basher RE, McKenzie RL. UV-B Robertson-Berger meter characterization and field calibration. APPLIED OPTICS 1993; 32:343-349. [PMID: 20802697 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The New Zealand Meteorological Service has used a Robertson-Berger meter (RB meter) to monitor solar UV-B radiation for the past decade. The radiometric properties of the instrument have been analyzed and agree with the standard values published by Berger. A detailed theoretical treatment of the RB meter response that fully accounts for its cosine response is presented. Field measurements made with the RB meter and with a double monochromator spectral radiometer were used to validate the theoretical model and to derive a calibration for the RB meter. Only cloud-free data were considered so that the downward radiation field at the surface could be modeled as the sum of direct solar and isotropic diffuse components. The imperfect cosine responses of both instruments were modeled. A RB meter count was found to equate to 0.25 +/- 0.02 Jm(-2) referenced to 300-nm radiation at vertical incidence.
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