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Godavarty A, Rodriguez S, Jung YJ, Gonzalez S. Optical imaging for breast cancer prescreening. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2015; 7:193-209. [PMID: 26229503 PMCID: PMC4516032 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s51702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer prescreening is carried out prior to the gold standard screening using X-ray mammography and/or ultrasound. Prescreening is typically carried out using clinical breast examination (CBE) or self-breast examinations (SBEs). Since CBE and SBE have high false-positive rates, there is a need for a low-cost, noninvasive, non-radiative, and portable imaging modality that can be used as a prescreening tool to complement CBE/SBE. This review focuses on the various hand-held optical imaging devices that have been developed and applied toward early-stage breast cancer detection or as a prescreening tool via phantom, in vivo, and breast cancer imaging studies. Apart from the various optical devices developed by different research groups, a wide-field fiber-free near-infrared optical scanner has been developed for transillumination-based breast imaging in our Optical Imaging Laboratory. Preliminary in vivo studies on normal breast tissues, with absorption-contrasted targets placed in the intramammary fold, detected targets as deep as 8.8 cm. Future work involves in vivo imaging studies on breast cancer subjects and comparison with the gold standard X-ray mammography approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Godavarty
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Suset Rodriguez
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Young-Jin Jung
- Department of Radiological Science, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Stephanie Gonzalez
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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2
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Choe R, Durduran T. Diffuse Optical Monitoring of the Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2012; 18:1367-1386. [PMID: 23243386 PMCID: PMC3521564 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2011.2177963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the use of diffuse optical techniques for monitoring the hemodynamic, metabolic and physiological signatures of the neoadjuvant breast cancer therapy effectiveness is critically reviewed. An extensive discussion of the state-of-theart diffuse optical mammography is presented alongside a discussion of the current approaches to breast cancer therapies. Overall, the diffuse optics field is growing rapidly with a great deal of promise to fill an important niche in the current approaches to monitor, predict and personalize neoadjuvant breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA;
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860, Barcelona, Spain;
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3
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Taroni P. Diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy of the breast: a brief outline of history and perspectives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 11:241-50. [PMID: 22094324 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in industrialized countries. At present, X-ray mammography is the gold standard for breast imaging, but has limitations, especially when dense breasts are imaged, as typically occurs in young women. Optical imaging can non-invasively provide information on tissue composition, structure and physiology that can be beneficially exploited for breast lesion detection and identification. In the last few decades optical breast imaging has been investigated, using different geometries (projection imaging and tomography) and measurement techniques (continuous wave, frequency resolved and time resolved approaches). Also, data analysis and display varies significantly, ranging from intensity images to maps of the optical properties (absorption and scattering), tissue composition, and physiological parameters (typically blood volume and oxygenation). This paper outlines the historical evolution of optical imaging and spectroscopy of the breast, highlighting potentialities and limitations, and presents an overview of the main applications and perspectives of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Taroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Li M, Zhang Y, Bai J. In Vivo Diffuse Optical Tomography and Fluorescence Molecular Tomography. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.1.3.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yuan Z, Zhang Q, Sobel ES, Jiang H. Image-guided optical spectroscopy in diagnosis of osteoarthritis: a clinical study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:74-86. [PMID: 21258447 PMCID: PMC3005153 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This goal of this study was to clinically evaluate the potential of a novel hybrid imaging techniques, called x-ray guided multispectral diffuse optical tomography, for identifying physiological parameters of joint tissues that can be used to distinguish between osteoarthritic and healthy joints in the hand. Between 2006 and 2009, the distal interphalangeal (DIP) finger joints from 40 subjects including 22 osteoarthritis patients and 18 healthy controls were examined clinically and scanned by the hybrid imaging platform that integrated a C-arm based x-ray tomosynthetic system with a mutlispectral diffuse optical imaging system. Based on the reconstructed results from the 40 subjects, it was observed that oxygen saturation and water content were two statistically most significant physiological discriminators for differentiation of the healthy joints from the osteoarthritic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eric S. Sobel
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Enfield LC, Gibson AP, Hebden JC, Douek M. Optical tomography of breast cancer—monitoring response to primary medical therapy. Target Oncol 2009; 4:219-33. [PMID: 19777322 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-009-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Enfield
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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7
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Choe R, Konecky SD, Corlu A, Lee K, Durduran T, Busch DR, Pathak S, Czerniecki BJ, Tchou J, Fraker DL, Demichele A, Chance B, Arridge SR, Schweiger M, Culver JP, Schnall MD, Putt ME, Rosen MA, Yodh AG. Differentiation of benign and malignant breast tumors by in-vivo three-dimensional parallel-plate diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:024020. [PMID: 19405750 PMCID: PMC2782703 DOI: 10.1117/1.3103325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel parallel-plate diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for three-dimensional in vivo imaging of human breast tumor based on large optical data sets. Images of oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin concentration as well as blood oxygen saturation and tissue scattering were reconstructed. Tumor margins were derived using the optical data with guidance from radiology reports and magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor-to-normal ratios of these endogenous physiological parameters and an optical index were computed for 51 biopsy-proven lesions from 47 subjects. Malignant cancers (N=41) showed statistically significant higher total hemoglobin, oxy-hemoglobin concentration, and scattering compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, malignant lesions exhibited a twofold average increase in optical index. The influence of core biopsy on DOT results was also explored; the difference between the malignant group measured before core biopsy and the group measured more than 1 week after core biopsy was not significant. Benign tumors (N=10) did not exhibit statistical significance in the tumor-to-normal ratios of any parameter. Optical index and tumor-to-normal ratios of total hemoglobin, oxy-hemoglobin concentration, and scattering exhibited high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values from 0.90 to 0.99, suggesting good discriminatory power. The data demonstrate that benign and malignant lesions can be distinguished by quantitative three-dimensional DOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Choe
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Zhou C, Choe R, Shah N, Durduran T, Yu G, Durkin A, Hsiang D, Mehta R, Butler J, Cerussi A, Tromberg BJ, Yodh AG. Diffuse optical monitoring of blood flow and oxygenation in human breast cancer during early stages of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:051903. [PMID: 17994886 DOI: 10.1117/1.2798595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We combine diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to noninvasively monitor early hemodynamic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a breast cancer patient. The potential for early treatment monitoring is demonstrated. Within the first week of treatment (day 7) DOS revealed significant changes in tumor/normal contrast compared to pretreatment (day 0) tissue concentrations of deoxyhemoglobin (rctHHbT/N=69+/-21%), oxyhemoglobin (rctO2HbT/N=73+/-25%), total hemoglobin (rctTHbT/N=72+/-17%), and lipid concentration (rctLipidT/N=116+/-13%). Similarly, DCS found significant changes in tumor/normal blood flow contrast (rBFT/N=75+/-7% on day 7 with respect to day 0). Our observations suggest the combination of DCS and DOS enhances treatment monitoring compared to either technique alone. The hybrid approach also enables construction of indices reflecting tissue metabolic rate of oxygen, which may provide new insights about therapy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Enfield LC, Gibson AP, Everdell NL, Delpy DT, Schweiger M, Arridge SR, Richardson C, Keshtgar M, Douek M, Hebden JC. Three-dimensional time-resolved optical mammography of the uncompressed breast. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:3628-38. [PMID: 17514325 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical tomography is being developed as a means of detecting and specifying disease in the adult female breast. We present a series of clinical three-dimensional optical images obtained with a 32-channel time-resolved system and a liquid-coupled interface. Patients place their breasts in a hemispherical cup to which sources and detectors are coupled, and the remaining space is filled with a highly scattering fluid. A cohort of 38 patients has been scanned, with a variety of benign and malignant lesions. Images show that hypervascularization associated with tumors provides very high contrast due to increased absorption by hemoglobin. Only half of the fibroadenomas scanned could be observed, but of those that could be detected, all but one revealed an apparent increase in blood volume and a decrease in scatter and oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Enfield
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Demos SG, Vogel AJ, Gandjbakhche AH. Advances in optical spectroscopy and imaging of breast lesions. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2006; 11:165-81. [PMID: 17091396 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-006-9022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A review is presented of recent advances in optical imaging and spectroscopy and the use of light for addressing breast cancer issues. Spectroscopic techniques offer the means to characterize tissue components and obtain functional information in real time. Three-dimensional optical imaging of the breast using various illumination and signal collection schemes in combination with image reconstruction algorithms may provide a new tool for cancer detection and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros G Demos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
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Taroni P, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Danesini GM, Cubeddu R. Multi-wavelength time domain optical mammography. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2005; 4:527-38. [PMID: 16173823 DOI: 10.1177/153303460500400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A time-resolved optical mammograph operating at 7 wavelengths (637, 683, 785, 832, 905, 916, and 975 nm) in compressed breast geometry was developed. Its clinical application was started on patients bearing malignant and benign lesions. Late gated intensity images are used to obtain information on the spatial distribution of the absorption properties of breast. Scattering images derived from the diffusion theory are also applied for lesion detection and characterization. Cancers are identified in intensity images at short wavelengths, due to the high blood content, while cysts are typically characterized by low scattering at all wavelengths. The increase (from 4 to 7) in the number of wavelengths as compared to the previous versions of the instrument aims at improving the robustness of the fitting procedures for a better estimate of tissue composition and structure and of physiological parameters. Moreover, the new wavelengths contribute to the qualitatively identify tissue composition from intensity images, and could assist lesion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Taroni
- CNR-INFM and CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano--Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Laser literature watch. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 23:513-24. [PMID: 16262584 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Yates TD, Hebden JC, Gibson AP, Enfield L, Everdell NL, Arridge SR, Delpy DT. Time-resolved optical mammography using a liquid coupled interface. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:054011. [PMID: 16292971 DOI: 10.1117/1.2063327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A method has been devised for generating three-dimensional optical images of the breast using a 32-channel time-resolved system and a liquid-coupled interface. The breast is placed in a hemispherical cup surrounded by sources and detectors, and the remaining space is filled with a fluid with tissue-like optical properties. This approach has three significant benefits. First, cups can accommodate a large range of breast sizes, enabling the entire volume of the breast to be sampled. Second, the coupling of the source and detector optics at the surface is constant and independent of the subject, enabling intensity measurements to be employed in the image reconstruction. Third, the external geometry of the reconstructed volume is known exactly. Images of isolated targets with contrasting absorbing and scattering properties have been acquired, and the performance of the system has been evaluated in terms of the contrast, spatial resolution, and localization accuracy. These parameters were strongly dependent on the location of the targets within the imaged volume. Preliminary images of a healthy human subject are also presented, which reveal subtle heterogeneity, particularly in the distribution of scatter. The ability to detect an absorbing target adjacent to the breast is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara D Yates
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics & Bioengineering, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Taroni P, Torricelli A, Spinelli L, Pifferi A, Arpaia F, Danesini G, Cubeddu R. Time-resolved optical mammography between 637 and 985 nm: clinical study on the detection and identification of breast lesions. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50:2469-88. [PMID: 15901949 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/50/11/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The first time-resolved optical mammograph operating beyond 900 nm was tested in a retrospective clinical study involving 194 patients with malignant and benign lesions, to investigate the diagnostic potential for the detection and characterization of breast lesions. For the first part of the study (101 patients with 114 lesions), the system was operated at 683, 785, 913 and 975 nm. Subsequently, to improve the spectral content of optical images, the number of wavelengths was increased (up to 7) and the spectral range was extended (637-985 nm). Late gated intensity and scattering images provide sensitivity to tissue composition (oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin, water and lipids) and physiology (total haemoglobin content and oxygen saturation), as well as to structural changes. Tumours are typically identified because of the strong blood absorption at short wavelengths (637-685 nm), while cysts are characterized by low scattering, leading to a detection rate of approximately 80% for both lesion types, when detection is required in both cranio-caudal and oblique views. The detection rate for other benign lesions, such as fibroadenomas, is presently much lower (<40%). The effectiveness of the technique in localizing and identifying different lesion types was analysed as a function of various parameters (lesion size, compressed breast thickness, age, body mass index, breast parenchymal pattern). The possibility that physiologic changes due to the development of a malignant lesion could affect the entire breast was investigated. The capacity to assess the density of breast based on the average scattering properties was also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Taroni
- INFM-Dipartimento di Fisica and IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Yates T, Hebden JC, Gibson A, Everdell N, Arridge SR, Douek M. Optical tomography of the breast using a multi-channel time-resolved imager. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50:2503-17. [PMID: 15901951 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/50/11/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A time-resolved optical tomography system has been used to generate cross-sectional images of the human breast. Images are reconstructed using an iterative, nonlinear algorithm and measurements of mean photon flight time relative to those acquired on a homogeneous reference phantom. Thirty-eight studies have been performed on three healthy volunteers and 21 patients with a variety of breast lesions including cancer. We have successfully detected 17 out of 19 lesions, and shown that optical images of the healthy breast of the same volunteer display a heterogeneity which is repeatable over a period of months. However, results also indicate that the lack of accurate quantitation of optical parameters and limited morphological information limits the ability to characterize different types of lesions and distinguish benign from malignant tissues. Drawbacks of our current methodology and plans for overcoming them are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Yates
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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