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Identification of oral cancer in OCT images based on an optical attenuation model. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1999-2007. [PMID: 32335743 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Surgery is still the first choice to treat oral cancer, where it is important to detect surgical margins in order to reduce cancer recurrence and maintain oral-maxillofacial function simultaneously. As a non-invasive and in situ imaging technique, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can obtain images close to the resolution of histopathology, which makes it have great potential in intraoperative diagnosis. However, it is not enough to find surgical margins accurately just observing OCT images directly and qualitatively. The purpose of this study is to identify oral cancer in OCT images by investigating the quantitative difference of cancer and non-cancer tissue. Based on an available optical attenuation model and the axial confocal PSF of a home-made swept source OCT system, by using fresh ex vivo human oral tissues from 14 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as the samples, diagnosis with sensitivity (97.88%) and specificity (83.77%) was achieved at the attenuation threshold of 4.7 mm-1, and the accuracy of identification reached 91.15% in our study. Our preliminary results demonstrated that the oral cancer resection will be guided accurately and the clinical application of OCT will be further promoted by deeply mining the information hidden in OCT images.
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2
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Tsai LH, Yang PN, Wu CC, Lin HY. Quantifying scattering coefficient for multiple scattering effect by combining optical coherence tomography with finite-difference time-domain simulation method. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 30156065 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.8.086004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems, to precisely obtain the scattering properties of samples is an essential issue in diagnostic applications. Especially with a higher density turbid medium, the light interferes among the adjacent scatters. Combining an OCT experiment with the finite-difference time-domain simulation method, the multiple scattering effect is shown to affect the scattering properties of medium depending on the interparticle spacing. The far-field scattering phase function of scatters with various diameters was simulated to further analyze the corresponding anisotropy factors, which can be introduced into the extended Huygens-Fresnel theory to find the scattering coefficient of measured samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hsuan Tsai
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
| | - Po Nien Yang
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Wu
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Department of Electrical, Taiwan
| | - Hoang Yan Lin
- National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Elect, Taiwan
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3
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Wen AM, Steinmetz NF. Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4074-126. [PMID: 27152673 PMCID: PMC5068136 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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4
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Winetraub Y, SoRelle ED, Liba O, de la Zerda A. Quantitative contrast-enhanced optical coherence tomography. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2016; 108:023702. [PMID: 26869724 PMCID: PMC4714990 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a model to accurately quantify the signals produced by exogenous scattering agents used for contrast-enhanced Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). This model predicts distinct concentration-dependent signal trends that arise from the underlying physics of OCT detection. Accordingly, we show that real scattering particles can be described as simplified ideal scatterers with modified scattering intensity and concentration. The relation between OCT signal and particle concentration is approximately linear at concentrations lower than 0.8 particle per imaging voxel. However, at higher concentrations, interference effects cause signal to increase with a square root dependence on the number of particles within a voxel. Finally, high particle concentrations cause enough light attenuation to saturate the detected signal. Predictions were validated by comparison with measured OCT signals from gold nanorods (GNRs) prepared in water at concentrations ranging over five orders of magnitude (50 fM to 5 nM). In addition, we validated that our model accurately predicts the signal responses of GNRs in highly heterogeneous scattering environments including whole blood and living animals. By enabling particle quantification, this work provides a valuable tool for current and future contrast-enhanced in vivo OCT studies. More generally, the model described herein may inform the interpretation of detected signals in modalities that rely on coherence-based detection or are susceptible to interference effects.
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5
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Rehor I, Lee KL, Chen K, Hajek M, Havlik J, Lokajova J, Masat M, Slegerova J, Shukla S, Heidari H, Bals S, Steinmetz NF, Cigler P. Plasmonic nanodiamonds: targeted core-shell type nanoparticles for cancer cell thermoablation. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:460-8. [PMID: 25336437 PMCID: PMC4411186 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Targeted biocompatible nanostructures with controlled plasmonic and morphological parameters are promising materials for cancer treatment based on selective thermal ablation of cells. Here, core-shell plasmonic nanodiamonds consisting of a silica-encapsulated diamond nanocrystal coated in a gold shell are designed and synthesized. The architecture of particles is analyzed and confirmed in detail using electron tomography. The particles are biocompatibilized using a PEG polymer terminated with bioorthogonally reactive alkyne groups. Azide-modified transferrin is attached to these particles, and their high colloidal stability and successful targeting to cancer cells overexpressing the transferrin receptor are demonstrated. The particles are nontoxic to the cells and they are readily internalized upon binding to the transferrin receptor. The high plasmonic cross section of the particles in the near-infrared region is utilized to quantitatively ablate the cancer cells with a short, one-minute irradiation by a pulse 750-nm laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rehor
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karin L. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Miroslav Hajek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havlik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Lokajova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Masat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Slegerova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 121 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hamed Heidari
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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6
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Backscattering Properties of Gold Nanoshells: Quantitative Analysis and Optimization for Biological Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Lim EK, Kim T, Paik S, Haam S, Huh YM, Lee K. Nanomaterials for Theranostics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Chem Rev 2014; 115:327-94. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Lim
- Department
of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
- BioNanotechnology
Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Taekhoon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
- Electronic
Materials Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14-1,
Nongseo-Ri, Giheung-Eup, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 449-712, Korea
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- Severance
Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- Division
of Pathology, NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department
of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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8
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Grombe R, Kirsten L, Mehner M, Linsinger TP, Emons H, Koch E. Feasibility of non-invasive detection of engineered nanoparticles in food mimicking matrices by Optical Coherence Tomography. Food Chem 2014; 153:444-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Scattering coefficients of mice organs categorized pathologically by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:471082. [PMID: 24822213 PMCID: PMC4005150 DOI: 10.1155/2014/471082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Differences in tissue density cause a variety of scattering coefficients. To quantify optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for diagnosis, the tissue's scattering coefficient is estimated by curve fitting the OCT signals to a confocal single backscattering mode. The results from a group of 30 mice show that the scattering coefficients of bone, skin, liver, brain, testis, and spleen can be categorized into three groups: a scattering coefficient between 1.947 and 2.134 mm−1: bone and skin; a scattering coefficient between 1.303 and 1.461 mm−1: liver and brain; a scattering coefficient between 0.523 and 0.634 mm−1: testis and spleen. The results indicate that the scattering coefficient is tissue specific and could be used in tissue diagnosis.
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10
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Sikdar D, Rukhlenko ID, Cheng W, Premaratne M. Optimized gold nanoshell ensembles for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:142. [PMID: 23537206 PMCID: PMC3680205 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
: We theoretically study the properties of the optimal size distribution in the ensemble of hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) that exhibits the best performance at in vivo biomedical applications. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we analyze the dependence of the optimal geometric means of the nanoshells' thicknesses and core radii on the excitation wavelength and the type of human tissue, while assuming lognormal fit to the size distribution in a real HGN ensemble. Regardless of the tissue type, short-wavelength, near-infrared lasers are found to be the most effective in both absorption- and scattering-based applications. We derive approximate analytical expressions enabling one to readily estimate the parameters of optimal distribution for which an HGN ensemble exhibits the maximum efficiency of absorption or scattering inside a human tissue irradiated by a near-infrared laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sikdar
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (A χL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivan D Rukhlenko
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (A χL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
- , The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington RoadClayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malin Premaratne
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (A χL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Zhang QQ, Wu XJ, Tang T, Zhu SW, Yao Q, Gao BZ, Yuan XC. Quantitative analysis of rectal cancer by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:5235-44. [PMID: 22850124 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/16/5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To quantify OCT images of rectal tissue for clinic diagnosis, the scattering coefficient of the tissue is extracted by curve fitting the OCT signals to a confocal single model. A total of 1000 measurements (half and half of normal and malignant tissues) were obtained from 16 recta. The normal rectal tissue has a larger scattering coefficient ranging from 1.09 to 5.41 mm⁻¹ with a mean value of 2.29 mm⁻¹ (std:±0.32), while the malignant group shows lower scattering property and the values ranging from 0.25 to 2.69 mm⁻¹ with a mean value of 1.41 mm⁻¹ (std:±0.18). The peri-cancer of recta has also been investigated to distinguish the difference between normal and malignant rectal tissue. The results demonstrate that the quantitative analysis of the rectal tissue can be used as a promising diagnostic criterion of early rectal cancer, which has great value for clinical medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, Ministry of Education of China, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sirotkina MA, Elagin VV, Subochev PV, Denisov NN, Shirmanova MV, Zagainova EV. Laser hyperthermia of tumors using gold nanoparticles monitored by optical coherence tomography and acoustic thermometry. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911060194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Olivo M, Fu CY, Raghavan V, Lau WKO. New frontier in hypericin-mediated diagnosis of cancer with current optical technologies. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:460-73. [PMID: 22124793 PMCID: PMC3281199 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) have shown great potentials as molecular contrast agents in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of cancer. While the diagnostic values of PSs have been proven previously, little efforts have been put into developing optical imaging and diagnostic algorithms. In this article, we review the recent development of optical probes that have been used in conjunction with a potent PS, hypericin (HY). Various fluorescence techniques such as laser confocal microscopy, fluorescence urine cytology, endoscopy and endomicroscopy are covered. We will also discuss about image processing and classification approaches employed for accurate PDD. We anticipate that continual efforts in these developments could lead to an objective PDD and complete surgical clearance of tumors. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have also opened new horizons for PSs. The use of biocompatible gold nanoparticles as carrier for enhanced targeted delivery of HY has been attained. In addition, plasmonic properties of nanoparticles were harnessed to induce localized hyperthermia and to manage the release of PS molecules, enabling a better therapeutic outcome of a combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Finally, we discuss how nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents for other optical techniques such as optical coherence tomography and surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Olivo
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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14
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Sirotkina MA, Elagin VV, Shirmanova MV, Bugrova ML, Snopova LB, Kamensky VA, Nadtochenko VA, Denisov NN, Zagaynova EV. OCT-guided laser hyperthermia with passively tumor-targeted gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:718-727. [PMID: 20626005 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is the development of a method of local laser hyperthermia with gold nanoparticles under noninvasive optical monitoring of nanoparticle accumulation in tumor tissue in vivo. Bifunctional plasmon resonant nanoparticles that are optimal for OCT diagnostics and laser heating at the wavelength of 810 nm were used in the study. The OCT examination showed that the accumulation of gold nanoparticles in the tumor invading into skin was maximal 4-5 h after intravenous injection. It was demonstrated that nanoparticle accumulation in tumor allowed more local heating and enhanced thermal sensitivity of tumor tissue. Laser hyperthermia that heated tumor up to 44-45 °C at maximum nanoparticle accumulation induced apoptotic death of tumor cells and inhibited tumor growth by 104% on the 5th day after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Sirotkina
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin Sq., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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15
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Agrawal A, Pfefer TJ, Gilani N, Drezek R. Three-dimensional characterization of optical coherence tomography point spread functions with a nanoparticle-embedded phantom. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:2269-71. [PMID: 20596216 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel (to our knowledge) approach for measurement of the three-dimensional point spread function (PSF) of optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems using a nanoparticle-embedded phantom (NEP), toward development of standardized test methods for biophotonic imaging. The NEP comprises highly reflective plasmonic nanoparticles, homogeneously distributed in a transparent silicone matrix. OCT image volumes were analyzed to characterize PSFs in axial and lateral directions at a variety of locations in the NEP. Results indicate submicrometer agreement with conventional approaches to measure dimensions of the PSF. The NEP offers a robust approach for validating and comparing imaging performance of OCT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Agrawal
- Optical Diagnostic Devices Laboratory, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA.
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16
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Kah JCY, Olivo M, Chow TH, Song KS, Koh KZY, Mhaisalkar S, Sheppard CJR. Control of optical contrast using gold nanoshells for optical coherence tomography imaging of mouse xenograft tumor model in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:054015. [PMID: 19895117 DOI: 10.1117/1.3233946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The control of image contrast is essential toward optimizing a contrast enhancement procedure in optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this study, the in vivo control of optical contrast in a mouse tumor model with gold nanoshells as a contrast agent is examined. Gold nanoshells are administered into mice, with the injected dosage and particle surface parameters varied and its concentration in the tumor under each condition is determined using a noninvasive theoretical OCT modeling technique. The results show that too high a concentration of gold nanoshells in the tumor only enhances the OCT signal near the tissue surface, while significantly attenuating the signal deeper into the tissue. With an appropriate dosage, IV delivery of gold nanoshells allows a moderate concentration of 6.2 x 10(9) particles/ml in tumor to achieve a good OCT signal enhancement with minimal signal attenuation with depth. An increase in the IV dosage of gold nanoshells reveals a corresponding nonlinear increase in their tumor concentration, as well as a nonlinear reduction in the fractional concentration of injected gold nanoshells. Furthermore, this fractional concentration is improved with the use of antiepodermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) surface functionalization, which also reduces the time required for tumor delivery from 6 to 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chen Yong Kah
- National University of Singapore, Division of Bioengineering, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Blk E3A, #04-15, Singapore
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