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Kim Y, Jeon Y, Na M, Hwang SJ, Yoon Y. Recent Trends in Chemical Sensors for Detecting Toxic Materials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:431. [PMID: 38257524 PMCID: PMC10821350 DOI: 10.3390/s24020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Industrial development has led to the widespread production of toxic materials, including carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic chemicals. Even with strict management and control measures, such materials still pose threats to human health. Therefore, convenient chemical sensors are required for toxic chemical monitoring, such as optical, electrochemical, nanomaterial-based, and biological-system-based sensors. Many existing and new chemical sensors have been developed, as well as new methods based on novel technologies for detecting toxic materials. The emergence of material sciences and advanced technologies for fabrication and signal-transducing processes has led to substantial improvements in the sensing elements for target recognition and signal-transducing elements for reporting interactions between targets and sensing elements. Many excellent reviews have effectively summarized the general principles and applications of different types of chemical sensors. Therefore, this review focuses on chemical sensor advancements in terms of the sensing and signal-transducing elements, as well as more recent achievements in chemical sensors for toxic material detection. We also discuss recent trends in biosensors for the detection of toxic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (S.-J.H.)
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Janik M, Lechowicz K, Pituła E, Warszewski J, Koba M, Śmietana M. Enhanced spectroelectrochemistry with lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15523. [PMID: 37726408 PMCID: PMC10509163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectroelectrochemical (SEC) measurements play a crucial role in analytical chemistry, utilizing transparent or semitransparent electrodes for optical analysis of electrochemical (EC) processes. The EC readout provides information about the electrode's state, while changes in the transmitted optical spectrum help identify the products of EC reactions. To enhance SEC measurements, this study proposes the addition of optical monitoring of the electrode. The setup involves using a polymer-clad silica multimode fiber core coated with indium tin oxide (ITO), which serves as both the electrode and an optical fiber sensor. The ITO film is specifically tailored to exhibit the lossy-mode resonance (LMR) phenomenon, allowing for simultaneous optical monitoring alongside EC readouts. The LMR response depends on the properties of the ITO and the surrounding medium's optical properties. As a result, the setup offers three types of interrogation readouts: EC measurements, optical spectrum analysis corresponding to the volume of the analyte (similar to standard SEC), and LMR spectrum analysis reflecting the state of the sensor/electrode surface. In each interrogation path, cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments were conducted individually with two oxidation-reduction reaction (redox) probes: potassium ferricyanide and methylene blue. Subsequently, simultaneous measurements were performed during chronoamperometry (CA) with the sensor, and the cross-correlation between the readouts was examined. Overall, this study presents a novel and enhanced SEC measurement approach that incorporates optical monitoring of the electrode. It provides a comprehensive understanding of EC processes and enables greater insights into the characteristics of the analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Janik
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Lechowicz
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emil Pituła
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Warszewski
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
- National Institute of Telecommunications, Szachowa 1, 02-894, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Śmietana
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
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Shen L, Teng C, Wang Z, Bai H, Kumar S, Min R. Semiconductor Multimaterial Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:882. [PMID: 36291019 PMCID: PMC9599191 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integrated sensors and transmitters of a wide variety of human physiological indicators have recently emerged in the form of multimaterial optical fibers. The methods utilized in the manufacture of optical fibers facilitate the use of a wide range of functional elements in microscale optical fibers with an extensive variety of structures. This article presents an overview and review of semiconductor multimaterial optical fibers, their fabrication and postprocessing techniques, different geometries, and integration in devices that can be further utilized in biomedical applications. Semiconductor optical fiber sensors and fiber lasers for body temperature regulation, in vivo detection, volatile organic compound detection, and medical surgery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Shen
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Chuanxin Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hongyi Bai
- College of Electronics and Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Rui Min
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Okazaki T, Yoshioka M, Orii T, Taguchi A, Kuramitz H, Watanabe T. Electrochemical lossy mode resonance‐based fiber optic sensing for electroactive species. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Coating to Lossy Mode Resonance Fiber-Optic Refractometer. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22103665. [PMID: 35632074 PMCID: PMC9143494 DOI: 10.3390/s22103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A fiber-optic refractometer for various liquids with refractive indices in the range from 1.33 to 1.43 has been manufactured and tested. The sensor is based on a thin silicon oxynitride (Si3N4-xOx) film coated thinned optic fiber section (taper) obtained in a multimode all-silica optical fiber by chemical etching of the reflective cladding. The film was deposited on the cylindrical surface of the thinned fiber by the surface plasma chemical vapor deposition method (SPCVD). Lossy mode resonance (LMR) was observed in the transmission spectrum of the coated taper at a wavelength dependent on the refractive index of the liquid in which the taper was immersed. We tested the obtained sensors in distilled water, isopropyl alcohol, dimethylformamide, and their aqueous solutions. It was found that with the help of the SPCVD, one can obtain a set of sensors in a single deposition run with the dispersion of sensitivity and spectral position of LMR no more than 5%. Maximum sensitivity of the manufactured sensors to surrounding media refractive index (SMRI) variation exceeds 1090 nm/RIU, which is the highest value recorded to date for a sensor with a non-oxide coating.
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Janik M, Niedziałkowski P, Lechowicz K, Koba M, Sezemsky P, Stranak V, Ossowski T, Śmietana M. Electrochemically directed biofunctionalization of a lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15934-15942. [PMID: 32549427 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a direct electrochemical biofunctionalization of an indium-tin-oxide-coated lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensor. The functionalization using a biotin derivative was performed by cyclic voltammetry in a 10 mM biotin hydrazide solution. All stages of the experiment were simultaneously verified with optical and electrochemical techniques. Performed measurements indicate the presence of a poly-biotin layer on the sensor's surface. Furthermore, dual-domain detection of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL of avidin confirms the sensor's viability for label-free detection.
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Ozcariz A, Ruiz-Zamarreño C, Arregui FJ. A Comprehensive Review: Materials for the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Refractometers Based on Lossy Mode Resonance. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071972. [PMID: 32244678 PMCID: PMC7180775 DOI: 10.3390/s20071972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lossy mode resonance based sensors have been extensively studied in recent years. The versatility of the lossy mode resonance phenomenon has led to the development of sensors based on different configurations that make use of a wide range of materials. The coating material is one of the key elements in the performance of a refractometer. This review paper intends to provide a global view of the wide range of coating materials available for the development of lossy mode resonance based refractometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Ozcariz
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34 948169841
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Zamarreño
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Arregui
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Lossy Mode Resonance Sensors Fabricated by RF Magnetron Sputtering GZO Thin Film and D-Shaped Fibers. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new refractive index (RI) and salinity sensor based on a lossy mode resonance (LMR) effect which combines fiber-optic side-polishing and radio-frequency (RF) sputtering techniques. The side-polished fiber can enhance optical fibers to generate an evanescent field in sensing applications. Gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin films produce a high attenuation lossy mode resonance effect that permits a highly sensitive refractive index and salinity fiber sensor. GZO thin film was prepared by an RF magnetron sputtering method. The thickness of the D-shaped fiber sensing device was 74.7 μm, and a GZO film thickness of 67 nm was deposited on the polished surface of the D-shaped fiber to fabricate LMR type liquid salinity sensors. The sensitivity of 3637.8 nm/RIU was achieved in the RI range of 1.333 to 1.392. To investigate the sensitivities of LMR salinity sensors, the NaCl solution salinities of 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, 200%, and 250% were measured in this work. The experimental result shows that the sensitivity of the salinity sensor is 0.964 nm per salinity unit (SU).
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Abstract
In the past, high-κ dielectrics gained much attention because of the constant demand for increasingly smaller semiconductors. At the same time, in the field of optical sensing, high-κ dielectrics are key materials. This study presents the experimental investigations on a lossy mode resonance-based optical planar waveguide (LMROPW) sensor coated with a high-κdielectric of an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. Two types of sensing structures were fabricated by coating (i) only a single-layer ITO (or bared LMROPW) and (ii) an ITO layer with glucose probes onto the optical planar waveguide (or boronic LMROPW) to detect glucose molecules. The sensing characteristics of these two types of sensors toward the surrounding analyte were determined using different concentrations of glucose solutions. It was found that the bared LMROPW sensor is only suitable for a higher concentration of glucose; the boronic LMROPW sensor with glucose probes on ITO could be applied to a lower-concentration solution to monitor glucose adsorption onto the sensing surface. Furthermore, with the advantages of a simple structure, easy alignment, and suitable production, the LMROPW sensor with a high-κ dielectric surface could be applied in clinical testing and diagnostics.
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Cao J, Sun Y, Kong Y, Qian W. The Sensitivity of Grating-Based SPR Sensors with Wavelength Interrogation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E405. [PMID: 30669490 PMCID: PMC6358938 DOI: 10.3390/s19020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we derive the analytical expression for the sensitivity of grating-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors working in wavelength interrogation. The theoretical analysis shows that the sensitivity increases with increasing wavelength and is saturated beyond a certain wavelength for Au and Ag gratings, while it is almost constant for Al gratings in the wavelength range of 500 to 1000 nm. More importantly, the grating period (P) and the diffraction order (m) dominate the value of sensitivity. Higher sensitivity is possible for SPR sensors with a larger grating period and lower diffraction order. At long wavelengths, a simple expression of P/|m| can be used to estimate the sensor sensitivity. Moreover, we perform experimental measurements of the sensitivity of an SPR sensor based on an Al grating to confirm the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Sun
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Kaushik S, Tiwari UK, Pal SS, Sinha RK. Rapid detection of Escherichia coli using fiber optic surface plasmon resonance immunosensor based on biofunctionalized Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) nanosheets. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:501-509. [PMID: 30476881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets functionalized fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor has been reported for the sensitive detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The MoS2 nanosheets were prepared by chemical exfoliation method. The synthesised nanostructures were characterized for their structural, morphological and optical properties. The E. coli monoclonal antibodies were successfully immobilized on the MoS2 functionalized sensing platform via hydrophobic interactions. An alternative method simplifying the antibodies immobilization process by functionalization of 2D nanomaterial (MoS2 nanosheets) for rapid (~15 mins) bacterial quantification is presented in this study. The immunosensor uses wavelength interrogation method and a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.994) was observed between spectral response of immunosensor and different concentration of E. coli. The nonspecificity and cross-reactivity studies of the developed immunosensor were investigated with detection of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. To demonstrate the practical application, spiked samples of water and orange juice were analysed with acceptable recovery results. The label-free immunosensor exhibits better performance, detection limit (94 CFU/mL), high sensitivity (2.9 nm/1000 CFU mL-1; 3135 nm/RIU) and profound specificity as compared to conventional fiber optic SPR sensor (detection limit: 391 CFU/mL, sensitivity: 0.6 nm/1000 CFU mL-1; 1646 nm/RIU). This sensing platform shows promising applications in regular water and food quality monitoring for various pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Kaushik
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO Campus, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Umesh K Tiwari
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO Campus, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Sudipta S Pal
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO Campus, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ravindra K Sinha
- Advanced Materials and Sensors (V 4), CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India; TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Fiber Optics and Optical Communication, Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
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