1
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Wang J, Li B, Wu W, Lin G. Near-Infrared Dual Greenhouse Gas Sensor Based on Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Gas-Cell In-Situ Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1670. [PMID: 38475206 DOI: 10.3390/s24051670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A greenhouse gas sensor has been developed to simultaneously detect multiple gas species within a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) structure entirely composed of fibers. To enhance sensitivity, the gas cell consists of HC-PBF enclosed between two single-mode fibers fused with a reflective end surface to double the absorption length. The incorporation of side holes for gas diffusion allows for analysis of the relationship between gas diffusion speed, number of drilled side holes, and energy loss. As the number of drilled holes increases, the response time decreases to less than 3 min at the expense of energy loss. Gas experiments demonstrated detection limits of 0.1 ppm for methane and 2 ppm for carbon dioxide, with an average time of 50 s. In-situ testing conducted in rice fields validates the effectiveness of the developed gas detection system using HC-PBF cells, establishing all-fiber sensors with high sensitivity and rapid response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Bingqiang Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Guanyu Lin
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
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2
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Li Q, Li D, Lu J, Zou K, Wang L, Jiao Y, Wang M, Gao R, Song J, Li Y, Li F, Ji J, Wang J, Li L, Ye T, He E, Chen H, Wang Y, Ren J, Bai C, Yang S, Zhang Y. Interface-Stabilized Fiber Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Amniotic Fluid During Pregnancy. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307726. [PMID: 37775103 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Diseases in pregnancy endanger millions of fetuses worldwide every year. The onset of these diseases can be early warned by the dynamic abnormalities of biochemicals in amniotic fluid, thus requiring real-time monitoring. However, when continuously penetrated by detection devices, the amnion is prone to loss of robustness and rupture, which is difficult to regenerate. Here, an interface-stabilized fiber sensor is presented for real-time monitoring of biochemical dynamics in amniotic fluid during pregnancy. The sensor is seamlessly integrated into the amnion through tissue adhesion, amniotic regeneration, and uniform stress distribution, posing no risk to the amniotic fluid environment. The sensor demonstrates a response performance of less than 0.3% fluctuation under complex dynamic conditions and an accuracy of more than 98% from the second to the third trimester. By applying it to early warning of diseases such as intrauterine hypoxia, intrauterine infection, and fetal growth restriction, fetal survival increases to 95% with timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kuangyi Zou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lie Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiding Jiao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Maosen Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luhe Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Er He
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanzhen Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junye Ren
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenyu Bai
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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3
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Zhu L, Cao H, Ma J, Wang L. Optical ultrasound sensors for photoacoustic imaging: a review. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S11523. [PMID: 38303991 PMCID: PMC10831871 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that can map optical absorption contrast in biological tissues by detecting ultrasound signal. Piezoelectric transducers are commonly used in PA imaging to detect the ultrasound signals. However, piezoelectric transducers suffer from low sensitivity when the dimensions are reduced and are easily influenced by electromagnetic interference. To avoid these limitations, various optical ultrasound sensors have been developed and shown their great potential in PA imaging. Aim Our study aims to summarize recent progress in optical ultrasound sensor technologies and their applications in PA imaging. Approach The commonly used optical ultrasound sensing techniques and their applications in PA systems are reviewed. The technical advances of different optical ultrasound sensors are summarized. Results Optical ultrasound sensors can provide wide bandwidth and improved sensitivity with miniatured size, which enables their applications in PA imaging. Conclusions The optical ultrasound sensors are promising transducers in PA imaging to provide higher-resolution images and can be used in new applications with their unique advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongming Cao
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Burns, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Rao X, Chen C, Liu H, Deng Y, Liao C, Smietana MJ, Chen GY, Liu L, Qu J, Wang Y. A D-Shaped Polymer Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Breast Cancer Detection Applications. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 14:15. [PMID: 38248392 PMCID: PMC10813458 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-optic biosensors have garnered significant attention and witnessed rapid development in recent years owing to their remarkable attributes such as high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and real-time monitoring. They have emerged as a potential tool in the realm of biomarker detection for low-concentration and small molecules. In this paper, a portable and cost-effective optical fiber biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance for the early detection of breast cancer is demonstrated. By utilizing the aptamer human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a specific biomarker for breast cancer, the presence of the HER2 protein can be detected through an antigen-antibody binding technique. The detection method was accomplished by modifying a layer of HER2 aptamer on the flat surface of a gold-coated D-shaped polymer optical fiber (core/cladding diameter 120/490 μm), of which the residual thickness after side-polishing was about 245 μm, the thickness of the coated gold layer was 50 nm, and the initial wavelength in pure water was around 1200 nm. For low-concentration detection of the HER2 protein, the device exhibited a wavelength shift of ~1.37 nm with a concentration of 1 μg/mL (e.g., 5.5 nM), which corresponded to a limit of detection of ~5.28 nM. Notably, the response time of the biosensor was measured to be as fast as 5 s. The proposed biosensor exhibits the potential for early detection of HER2 protein in initial cancer serum and offers a pathway to early prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xing Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Han Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yubin Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mateusz Jakub Smietana
- Division of Microsystem & Electronic Materials Technology, Institute of Microelectronics & Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - George Yuhui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China
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Yan Y, Shi Y, Liu C, Shao J, Sun N, Ma B, Li Y, Huang J, Ge S. Cartilage-Inspired Inhomogeneous Salt-Hydrogel for Hydrated Drag-Reducing and Strain Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:48632-48644. [PMID: 37788004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilages exhibit load-bearing capacity and durability due to their inhomogeneous structure. Inspired by this unique structure, a tough and inhomogeneous salt-hydrogel was developed by trapping sodium acetate (NaAc) crystals in polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer networks and then partially redissolving the NaAc crystals. The compressive and tensile stresses of the salt-hydrogel increase significantly by more than 20 times when oversaturated Ac- and Na+ are introduced into the gel network. Such an enhancement in mechanical strength is primarily attributed to the formation of NaAc crystals within the gel network. Further investigations reveal that the mechanical strength of the salt-hydrogel is temperature-dependent as the NaAc crystals gradually redissolve in the gel network with increasing temperature. Furthermore, redissolving NaAc crystals in an aqueous solution can yield an inhomogeneous salt-hydrogel. The topmost soft surface of the salt-hydrogel offers hydration lubrication, while the inhomogeneous network confers load-bearing capacity and durability. Compared to regular hydrogels, the inhomogeneous salt-hydrogel surface can realize drag reduction and remain smooth without damage after the friction tests. Moreover, a salt-hydrogel coating is also fabricated to visually demonstrate its drag-reducing property. In addition, this salt-hydrogel possesses conductivity and can be utilized in the development of inhomogeneous salt-hydrogel fibers (diameter = 438 ± 7 μm) for strain detection. The produced salt-hydrogel fiber exhibits excellent durability and reproducibility as a strain sensor, capable of detecting both small strains (e.g., 1%) and large strains (e.g., 40%). This work provides fundamental insights into developing hydrogels with an inhomogeneous network and explores their potential applications (e.g., hydrated drag-reducing, strain sensing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggan Yan
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Chenghu Liu
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jinlong Shao
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Nengzhe Sun
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Baojin Ma
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Fracturing & Acidizing and Natural Gas Production Research Institute, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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6
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Nordmeyer U, Thiel T, Kojucharow K, Neumann N. On the Advantages of Microwave Photonic Interrogation of Fiber-Based Sensors: A Noise Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3746. [PMID: 37050806 PMCID: PMC10098802 DOI: 10.3390/s23073746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although microwave photonic approaches have been used for fiber sensing applications before, most contributions in the past dealt with evaluating the sensor signal's amplitude. Carrying this topic on, the authors previously presented a scheme for the interrogation of fiber sensors that was based on a fiber Bragg grating's phase response for the electrical signal. However, neither has the measurement setup been analyzed nor have the amplitude and phase-based approaches been compared in detail before. Hence, this paper picks up the previously proposed setup, which relies on an amplitude modulation of the optical signal and investigates for sources of signal degradation, an aspect that has not been considered before. Following the incorporation of the microwave signal, the setup is suitable not only for an amplitude-based evaluation of fiber Bragg gratings but also for a phase-based evaluation. In this context, the signal-to-noise ratios are studied for the conventional amplitude-based evaluation approach and for the recently developed phase-based approach. The findings indicate a strong advantage for the signal-to-noise ratio of the phase response evaluation; an 11 dB improvement at the least has been found for the examined setup. Further studies may investigate the consequences and additional benefits of this approach for radio-over-fiber sensing systems or general performance aspects such as achievable sensitivity and sampling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Nordmeyer
- Institute of Electrical Information Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Torsten Thiel
- Advanced Optics Solutions (AOS) GmbH, Overbeckstr. 39a, 01139 Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kojucharow
- Kojucharow Microwave Development and Components (KMDC), Zur Bleiche 15, 01279 Dresden, Germany
| | - Niels Neumann
- Institute of Electrical Information Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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7
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Zhao R, He Y, He Y, Li Z, Chen M, Zhou N, Tao G, Hou C. Dual-Mode Fiber Strain Sensor Based on Mechanochromic Photonic Crystal and Transparent Conductive Elastomer for Human Motion Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:16063-16071. [PMID: 36917548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important component of wearable and stretchable strain sensors, dual-mode strain sensors can respond to deformation via optical/electrical dual-signal changes, which have important applications in human motion monitoring. However, realizing a fiber-shaped dual-mode strain sensor that can work stably in real life remains a challenge. Here, we design an interactive dual-mode fiber strain sensor with both mechanochromic and mechanoelectrical functions that can be applied to a variety of different environments. The dual-mode fiber is produced by coating a transparent elastic conductive layer onto photonic fiber composed of silica particles and elastic rubber. The sensor has visualized dynamic color change, a large strain range (0-80%), and a high sensitivity (1.90). Compared to other dual-mode strain sensors based on the photonic elastomer, our sensor exhibits a significant advantage in strain range. Most importantly, it can achieve reversible and stable optical/electrical dual-signal outputs in response to strain under various environmental conditions. As a wearable portable device, the dual-mode fiber strain sensor can be used for real-time monitoring of human motion, realizing the direct interaction between users and devices, and is expected to be used in fields such as smart wearable, human-machine interactions, and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Zhao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue He
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Chen
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chong Hou
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
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8
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Jia S, Ma A, Dong H, Xia S. Quantifiable Effect of Interparticle Plasmonic Coupling on Sensitivity and Tuning Range for Wavelength-Mode LSPR Fiber Sensor Fabricated by Simple Immobilization Method. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9075. [PMID: 36501777 PMCID: PMC9739458 DOI: 10.3390/s22239075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein a gold nanosphere (AuNS)-coated wavelength-mode localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) fiber sensor was fabricated by a simple and time-saving electrostatic self-assembly method using poly(allylamine hydrochloride). Based on the localized enhanced coupling effect between AuNSs, the LSPR spectrums of the AuNS monolayer with good dispersity and high density exhibited a favourable capability for refractive index (RI) measurement. Based on the results obtained from the optimization for AuNS distribution, sensing length, and RI range, the best RI sensitivity of the fiber modified by 100 nm AuNS reached up to about 2975 nm/RIU, with the surrounding RI range from 1.3322 to 1.3664. Using an 80 nm AuNS-modified fiber sensor, the RI sensitivity of 3953 nm/RIU was achieved, with the RI range increased from 1.3744 to 1.3911. The effect of sensing length to RI sensitivity was proven to be negligible. Furthermore, the linear relationship between the RI sensitivity and plasma resonance frequency of the bulk metal, which was dependent on the interparticle plasmon coupling effect, was quantified. Additionally, the resonance peak was tuned from 539.18 nm to 820.48 nm by different sizes of AuNSs-coated fiber sensors at a RI of 1.3322, which means the spectrum was extended from VIS to NIR. It has enormous potential in hypersensitive biochemistry detection at VIS and NIR ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Aiwen Ma
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Chinese Society for Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanpeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shanhong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Zhang N, Guo Q, Ye W, Feng R, Yuan H. Temperature Fluctuations Compensation with Multi-Frequency Synchronous Manipulation for a NV Magnetometer in Fiber-Optic Scheme. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5218. [PMID: 35890898 PMCID: PMC9320826 DOI: 10.3390/s22145218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds play a large role in advanced quantum sensing with solid-state spins for potential miniaturized and portable application scenarios. With the temperature sensitivity of NV centers, the temperature fluctuations caused by the unknown environment and the system itself will mix with the magnetic field measurement. In this research, the temperature-sensitive characteristics of different diamonds, alongside the temperature noise generated by a measurement system, were tested and analyzed with a homemade NV magnetometer in a fiber-optic scheme. In this work, a multi-frequency synchronous manipulation method for resonating with the NV centers in all axial directions was proposed to compensate for the temperature fluctuations in a fibered NV magnetic field sensing scheme. The symmetrical features of the resonance lines of the NV centers, the common-mode fluctuations including temperature fluctuations, underwent effective compensation and elimination. The fluorescence change was reduced to 1.0% by multi-frequency synchronous manipulation from 5.5% of the single-frequency manipulation within a ±2 °C temperature range. Additionally, the multi-frequency synchronous manipulation improved the fluorescence contrast and the magnetic field measurement SNR through an omnidirectional manipulation scheme. It was very important to compensate for the temperature fluctuations, caused by both internal and external factors, to make use of the NV magnetometer in fiber-optic schemes' practicality. This work will promote the rapid development and widespread applications of quantum sensing based on various systems and principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Qiang Guo
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Wen Ye
- Division of Mechanics and Acoustic Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Rui Feng
- The School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Heng Yuan
- The School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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10
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Yin G, Yang P, Xiao H, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yan F, Zhu T. High-Resolution and Large-Sensing-Range Liquid-Level Sensor Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry and No-Core Fiber. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:4480. [PMID: 35746262 PMCID: PMC9230579 DOI: 10.3390/s22124480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-level sensors are required in modern industrial and medical fields. Optical liquid-level sensors can solve the safety problems of traditional electrical sensors, which have attracted extensive attention in both academia and industry. We propose a distributed liquid-level sensor based on optical frequency domain reflectometry and with no-core fiber. The sensing mechanism uses optical frequency domain reflectometry to capture the strong reflection of the evanescent field of the no-core fiber at the liquid-air interface. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a high resolution of 0.1 mm, stability of ±15 μm, a relatively large measurement range of 175 mm, and a high signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB. The sensing length can be extended to 1.25 m with a weakened signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB. The proposed method has broad development prospects in the field of intelligent industry and extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (F.Y.); (T.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Pengxi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (F.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Hu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (F.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (F.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zeheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (F.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Fabing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (F.Y.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (P.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (F.Y.); (T.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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11
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Sudas DP, Zakharov LY, Jitov VA, Golant KM. Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Coating to Lossy Mode Resonance Fiber-Optic Refractometer. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3665. [PMID: 35632074 DOI: 10.3390/s22103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A fiber-optic refractometer for various liquids with refractive indices in the range from 1.33 to 1.43 has been manufactured and tested. The sensor is based on a thin silicon oxynitride (Si3N4-xOx) film coated thinned optic fiber section (taper) obtained in a multimode all-silica optical fiber by chemical etching of the reflective cladding. The film was deposited on the cylindrical surface of the thinned fiber by the surface plasma chemical vapor deposition method (SPCVD). Lossy mode resonance (LMR) was observed in the transmission spectrum of the coated taper at a wavelength dependent on the refractive index of the liquid in which the taper was immersed. We tested the obtained sensors in distilled water, isopropyl alcohol, dimethylformamide, and their aqueous solutions. It was found that with the help of the SPCVD, one can obtain a set of sensors in a single deposition run with the dispersion of sensitivity and spectral position of LMR no more than 5%. Maximum sensitivity of the manufactured sensors to surrounding media refractive index (SMRI) variation exceeds 1090 nm/RIU, which is the highest value recorded to date for a sensor with a non-oxide coating.
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12
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Chen Y, Zhao L, Hao S, Tang J. Advanced Fiber Sensors Based on the Vernier Effect. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:2694. [PMID: 35408310 DOI: 10.3390/s22072694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For decades, optical fiber interferometers have been extensively studied and applied for their inherent advantages. With the rapid development of science and technology, fiber sensors with higher detection sensitivity are needed on many occasions. As an effective way to improve measurement sensitivity, Vernier effect fiber sensors have drawn great attention during the last decade. Similar to the Vernier caliper, the optical Vernier effect uses one interferometer as a fixed part of the Vernier scale and the other as a sliding part of the Vernier scale. This paper first illustrates the principle of the optical Vernier effect, then different configurations used to produce the Vernier effect are classified and discussed. Finally, the outlook for Vernier effect fiber sensors is presented.
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13
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Zhao C, Liu D, Cai Z, Du B, Zou M, Tang S, Li B, Xiong C, Ji P, Zhang L, Gong Y, Xu G, Liao C, Wang Y. A Wearable Breath Sensor Based on Fiber-Tip Microcantilever. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12030168. [PMID: 35323438 PMCID: PMC8946493 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Respiration rate is an essential vital sign that requires monitoring under various conditions, including in strong electromagnetic environments such as in magnetic resonance imaging systems. To provide an electromagnetically-immune breath-sensing system, we propose an all-fiber-optic wearable breath sensor based on a fiber-tip microcantilever. The microcantilever was fabricated on a fiber-tip by two-photon polymerization microfabrication based on femtosecond laser, so that a micro Fabry-Pérot (FP) interferometer was formed between the microcantilever and the end-face of the fiber. The cavity length of the micro FP interferometer was reduced as a result of the bending of the microcantilever induced by breath airflow. The signal of breath rate was rebuilt by detecting power variations of the FP interferometer reflected light and applying dynamic thresholds. The breath sensor achieved a high sensitivity of 0.8 nm/(m/s) by detecting the reflection spectrum upon applied flow velocities from 0.53 to 5.31 m/s. This sensor was also shown to have excellent thermal stability as its cross-sensitivity of airflow with respect to the temperature response was only 0.095 (m/s)/°C. When mounted inside a wearable surgical mask, the sensor demonstrated the capability to detect various breath patterns, including normal, fast, random, and deep breaths. We anticipate the proposed wearable breath sensor could be a useful and reliable tool for respiration rate monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhihao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Du
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mengqiang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.T.); (G.X.)
| | - Bozhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.T.); (G.X.)
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (C.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.C.); (B.D.); (M.Z.); (B.L.); (C.X.); (P.J.); (L.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Fan X, Deng S, Wei Z, Wang F, Tan C, Meng H. Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21113886. [PMID: 34199927 PMCID: PMC8200086 DOI: 10.3390/s21113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A graphene oxide-coated in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed with a multimode fiber-thin core fiber-multimode fiber (MMF-TCF-MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for ammonia gas (NH3) sensing. The MZI structure is composed of two segments of MMF of length 2 mm, with a flame-tapered TCF between them as the sensing arm. The MMFs act as mode couplers to split and recombine light owing to the core diameter mismatch with the other fibers. A tapered TCF is formed by the flame melting taper method, resulting in evanescent wave leakage. A layer of graphene oxide (GO) is applied to the tapered region of the TCF to achieve gas adsorption. The sensor operates on the principle of changing the effective refractive index of the cladding mode of a fiber through changing the conductivity of the GO coating by adsorbed NH3 molecules, which gives rise to a phase shift and shows as the resonant dip shifts in the transmission spectrum. So the concentration of the ammonia gas can be obtained by measuring the dip shift. A wavelength-shift sensitivity of 4.97 pm/ppm with a linear fit coefficient of 98.9% is achieved for ammonia gas concentrations in the range of 0 to 151 ppm. In addition, we performed a repetitive dynamic response test on the sensor by charging/releasing NH3 at concentration of 200 ppm and a relative humidity test in a relative humidity range of 35% to 70%, which demonstrates the reusability and stability of the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuying Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongchao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Faqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunhua Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongyun Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Yang T, Zhang L, Shi Y, Liu S, Dong Y. A Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Spectroscopic Chemical Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:1799. [PMID: 33807600 DOI: 10.3390/s21051799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with high relative sensitivity was designed and investigated for the detection of chemical analytes in the terahertz (THz) regime. To ease the complexity, an extremely simple cladding employing four struts is adopted, which forms a rectangular shaped core area for filling with analytes. Results of enormous simulations indicate that a minimum 87.8% relative chemical sensitivity with low confinement and effective material absorption losses can be obtained for any kind of analyte, e.g., HCN (1.26), water (1.33), ethanol (1.35), KCN (1.41), or cocaine (1.50), whose refractive index falls in the range of 1.2 to 1.5. Besides, the PCF can also achieve high birefringence (∼0.01), low and flat dispersion, a large effective modal area, and a large numerical aperture within the investigated frequency range from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. We believe that the proposed PCF can be applied to chemical sensing of liquid and THz systems requiring wide-band polarization-maintaining transmission and low attenuation.
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16
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Li J, Zhou X, Zhang M, Zhang J, Qiao L, Zhao L, Yin Z. Temperature Resolution Improvement in Raman-Based Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensor Using Dynamic Difference Attenuation Recognition. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20236922. [PMID: 33287372 PMCID: PMC7730993 DOI: 10.3390/s20236922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an optical interference noise in the conventional Raman-based fiber-optics distributed sensing, which results in a poor temperature resolution performance. In addition, the traditional whole-fiber demodulation principle complicates the operation steps of the system. In this paper, a novel dynamic difference attenuation recognition (DDAR) principle is operated in the DDP scheme (dual demodulation principle) and the SDP scheme (self-demodulation principle) respectively. It not only helps to eliminate the optical interference noise, but also omits the whole-fiber calibration process. In this experiment, a temperature resolution of 0.30 °C (17.0 km) is achieved through using the DDP scheme based on the DDAR principle, and the measurement time can be shortened to 1.5 s. Meanwhile, a temperature resolution of 0.18 °C (17.0 km) is obtained for the SDP scheme under the DDAR principle. The SNR of DDP and DSP schemes can be optimized to 12.82 dB and 13.32 dB by the proposed DDAR technology. Furthermore, the temperature resolution performance under a large temperature measurement range (0–1000 °C) is theoretically analyzed. The results indicate that the temperature responsivity for DDP and SDP schemes are parabolic and linear type respectively, which causes the temperature resolution of the two schemes to show a different trend with the change of temperature. The proposed DDAR method also can improve the temperature resolution in such a large temperature measurement range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lijun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zitong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (L.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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17
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Hsu CY, Chiang CC, Wen HY, Weng JJ, Chen JL, Chen TH, Chen YH. Long-Period Fiber Grating Sensor Based on a Conductive Polymer Functional Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2023. [PMID: 32899753 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A temperature sensor was fabricated with a functional conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coating on a long-period fiber grating (LPFG). The LPFG was fabricated by laser-assisted wet-chemical etching for controlling the grating depth of the LPFG after the treated surface of an optical fiber was inscribed by laser light. The functional conductive polymer acts as a temperature sustained sensing layer and enhances the grating depth of the LPFG sensor as a strain buffer at various temperatures. The sensor was subjected to three cycles of temperature measurement to investigate the sensor’s wavelength shift and energy loss when exposed to temperatures between 30 and 100 °C. Results showed that the sensor’s average wavelength sensitivity and its linearity were 0.052 nm/°C and 99%, respectively; average transmission sensitivity and linearity were 0.048 (dB/°C) and 95%, respectively.
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18
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Yang M, Liu Q, Naqawe HS, Fok MP. Movement Detection in Soft Robotic Gripper using Sinusoidally Embedded Fiber Optic Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1312. [PMID: 32121229 PMCID: PMC7085586 DOI: 10.3390/s20051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soft robotics is an emerging field, since it offers distinct opportunities in areas where conventional rigid robots are not a feasible solution. However, due to the complex motions of soft robots and the stretchable nature of soft building materials, conventional electronic and fiber optic sensors cannot be used in soft robots, thus, hindering the soft robots' ability to sense and respond to their surroundings. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors are very popular among various fiber optic sensors, but their stiff nature makes it challenging to be used in soft robotics. In this study, a soft robotic gripper with a sinusoidally embedded stretchable FBG-based fiber optic sensor is demonstrated. Unlike a straight FBG embedding configuration, this unique sinusoidal configuration prevents sensor dislocation, supports stretchability and improves sensitivity by seven times when compared to a straight configuration. Furthermore, the sinusoidally embedded FBG facilitates the detection of various movements and events occurring at the soft robotic gripper, such as (de)actuation, object holding and external perturbation. The combination of a soft robot and stretchable fiber optic sensor is a novel approach to enable a soft robot to sense and response to its surroundings, as well as to provide its operation status to the controller.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mable P. Fok
- Lightwave and Microwave Photonics Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.Y.); (Q.L.)
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19
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Chen N, Chang M, Lu X, Zhou J, Zhang X. Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Sensor Based on Dual Optofluidic Channel. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E5150. [PMID: 31775240 PMCID: PMC6928958 DOI: 10.3390/s19235150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with a dual optofluidic channel based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect is proposed. The sensor characteristic is numerically explored by software integrated with the finite element method (FEM). The numerical results show that, when the analyte refractive index (RI) varies from 1.32 to 1.38, high linearity between resonance wavelength and analyte RI is obtained and the value of adjusted R2 is up to 0.9993. Simultaneously, the proposed sensor has maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 5500 nm/RIU and maximum amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 150 RIU-1, with an RI resolution of 1.82 × 10-5 RIU. Besides, owing to a simple structure and good tolerance of the proposed sensor, it can be easily fabricated by means of existing technology. The proposed sensor suggests promising applications in oil detection, temperature measurement, water quality monitoring, bio-sensing, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, 516 Jungong Rd, Shanghai 200093, China; (N.C.); (M.C.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Min Chang
- School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, 516 Jungong Rd, Shanghai 200093, China; (N.C.); (M.C.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xinglian Lu
- School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, 516 Jungong Rd, Shanghai 200093, China; (N.C.); (M.C.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, 516 Jungong Rd, Shanghai 200093, China; (N.C.); (M.C.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xuedian Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, 516 Jungong Rd, Shanghai 200093, China; (N.C.); (M.C.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
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20
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Ju S, Han WT. Effect of Gamma-Ray Irradiation on the Growth of Au Nano-Particles Embedded in the Germano-Silicate Glass Cladding of the Silica Glass Fiber and its Surface Plasmon Resonance Response. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E1666. [PMID: 30965567 DOI: 10.3390/s19071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing capability of refractive index (n = 1.418–1.448) of the silica glass optical fiber comprised of germano-silicate glass cladding embedded with Au nano-particles (NPs) was investigated. As the γ-ray irradiation increased from 1 h to 3 h with the dose rate of 1190 Gy/h, the morphology of the Au NPs and the SPR spectrum were found to change. The average diameter of Au NPs increased with the aspect ratio from 1 to 2, and the nano-particles became grown to the clusters. The SPR band wavelength shifted towards a longer wavelength with the increase of total dose of γ-ray irradiation regardless of the corresponding refractive indices. The SPR sensitivities (wavelength/refractive index unit, nm/RIU) also increased from 407 nm/RIU to 3553 nm/RIU, 1483 nm/RIU, and 2335 nm/RIU after the γ-ray irradiation at a total dose of 1190 Gy, 2380 Gy, and 3570 Gy, respectively.
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21
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Tran VT, Tran NHT, Nguyen TT, Yoon WJ, Ju H. Liquid Cladding Mediated Optical Fiber Sensors for Copper Ion Detection. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E471. [PMID: 30424404 PMCID: PMC6187453 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a label-free optical fiber based sensor device to detect copper ions (Cu2+) in water. A multimode optical fiber, with its polymer cladding removed along a 1-cm length, is used for the optical sensor head, where the injected Cu2+ in the liquid phase acts as a liquid cladding for the optical mode. The various Cu2+ concentrations modulate the numerical aperture (NA) of the liquid cladding waveguide part. The degree of NA mismatch between the liquid cladding and solid cladding guided parts gives rise to an optical power transmittance change, forming the sensing principle. The presented liquid cladding fiber sensor exhibits a minimum resolvable refractive index of 2.48 × 10-6. For Cu2+ detection, we functionalize the sensor head surface (fiber core) using chitosan conjugated ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) which captures Cu2+ effectively due to the enhanced chelating effects. We obtain a limit of detection of Cu2+ of 1.62 nM (104 ppt), which is significantly lower than the tolerable level in drinking water (~30 µM), and achieve a dynamic range of 1 mM. The simple structure of the sensor head and the sensing system ensures the potential capability of being miniaturized. This may allow for in-situ, highly-sensitive, heavy metal sensors in a compact format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien Thi Tran
- Department of Nano-Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
- Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
| | - Nhu Hoa Thi Tran
- Department of Nano-Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
- Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
| | - Than Thi Nguyen
- Department of Nano-Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
- Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
| | - Won Jung Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Bio Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
| | - Heongkyu Ju
- Department of Nano-Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
- Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Korea.
- Neuroscience Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 405-760, Korea.
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22
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Zhang W, Ye C, Zheng K, Zhong J, Tang Y, Fan Y, Buehler MJ, Ling S, Kaplan DL. Tensan Silk-Inspired Hierarchical Fibers for Smart Textile Applications. ACS Nano 2018; 12:6968-6977. [PMID: 29932636 PMCID: PMC6501189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tensan silk, a natural fiber produced by the Japanese oak silk moth ( Antherea yamamai, abbreviated to A. yamamai), features superior characteristics, such as compressive elasticity and chemical resistance, when compared to the more common silk produced from the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori ( B. mori). In this study, the "structure-property" relationships within A. yamamai silk are disclosed from the different structural hierarchies, confirming the outstanding toughness as dominated by the distinct mesoscale fibrillar architectures. Inspired by this hierarchical construction, we fabricated A. yamamai silk-like regenerated B. mori silk fibers (RBSFs) with mechanical properties (extensibility and modulus) comparable to natural A. yamamai silk. These RBSFs were further functionalized to form conductive RBSFs that were sensitive to force and temperature stimuli for applications in smart textiles. This study provides a blueprint in exploiting rational designs from A. yamanmai, which is rare and expensive in comparison to the common and cost-effective B. mori silk to empower enhanced material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel & Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiajia Zhong
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (Zhangjiang Lab), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuzhao Tang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (Zhangjiang Lab), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel & Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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23
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Zhang X, Zhu XS, Shi YW. An Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Based on the Hybrid Mode of Tamm and Surface Plasmon Polaritons. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18072129. [PMID: 29970804 PMCID: PMC6068976 DOI: 10.3390/s18072129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel high performance optical fiber refractive index (RI) sensor based on the hybrid transverse magnetic (TM) mode of Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is proposed. The structure of the sensor is a multi-mode optical fiber with a one dimensional photonic crystal (1 DPC)/metal multi-films outer coated on its fiber core. A simulation study of the proposed sensor is carried out with the geometrical optical model to investigate the performance of the designed sensor with respect to the center wavelength, bilayer period and the thickness of silver layer. Because the lights transmitted in the fiber sensor have much larger incident angles than those in the prism based sensors, the center wavelength of the 1 DPC should shift to longer wavelength. When the coupling between TM-TPP and SPP is stronger, the sensor exhibits better performance because the electromagnetic field of the TPP-SPP hybrid mode is enhanced more in the analyte. Compared to most conventional fiber surface plasmon resonance sensors, the figure of merit of the proposed sensor is much higher while the sensitivity is comparable. The idea of utilizing TPP-SPP hybrid mode for RI sensing in the solid-core optical fiber structure presented in this paper could contribute to the study of the fiber RI sensor based on TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiao-Song Zhu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi-Wei Shi
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
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24
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Fu C, Bai Z, Li Z, Liao C, Wang Y, He J, Liu Y, Wang Y. Temperature Insensitivity Polarization-Controlled Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Converter Based on an LPFG Induced in Four-Mode Fiber. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E1766. [PMID: 29857582 DOI: 10.3390/s18061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel method for generating ±1-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) by adjusting a polarization controller (PC). An LPFG, inscribed in a four-mode fiber (4MF) using a CO₂ laser, was used to generate OAM±1 across a broad range of wavelengths from 1530 nm to 1630 nm. Additionally, the OAM vortex phase remained stable while the temperature increased from 23 °C to 50 °C. The LPFG, as a temperature sensor, and its temperature sensitivity was measured to be 38.6 ± 0.37 pm/°C at the resonant wavelength of 1625 nm. This design offers simple fabrication and several properties which are highly beneficial for all-fiber optical communications based on the OAM mode-division multiplexing technique.
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25
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Chang HY, Chang YC, Liu WF. A Highly Sensitive Two-Dimensional Inclinometer Based on Two Etched Chirped-Fiber-Grating Arrays. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E2922. [PMID: 29244770 DOI: 10.3390/s17122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel two-dimensional fiber-optic inclinometer with high sensitivity by crisscrossing two etched chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBG) arrays. Each array is composed of two symmetrically-arranged CFBGs. By etching away most of the claddings of the CFBGs to expose the evanescent wave, the reflection spectra are highly sensitive to the surrounding index change. When we immerse only part of the CFBG in liquid, the effective index difference induces a superposition peak in the refection spectrum. By interrogating the peak wavelengths of the CFBGs, we can deduce the tilt angle and direction simultaneously. The inclinometer has a resolution of 0.003° in tilt angle measurement and 0.00187 rad in tilt direction measurement. Due to the unique sensing mechanism, the sensor is temperature insensitive. This sensor can be useful in long term continuous monitoring of inclination or in real-time feedback control of tilt angles, especially in harsh environments with violent temperature variation.
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26
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Ma CT, Chang YW, Yang YJ, Lee CL. A Dual-Polymer Fiber Fizeau Interferometer for Simultaneous Measurement of Relative Humidity and Temperature. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E2659. [PMID: 29149054 DOI: 10.3390/s17112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel design method in which a dual-polymer fiber Fizeau interferometer (DPFFI) is proposed for simultaneously measuring relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T). Since the polymer is intrinsically highly sensitive to both RH and T, the polymer fiber Fizeau interferometer (PFFI) exhibits cross-sensitivity of RH and T. In general, it is difficult to demodulate the optical responses from both variations of RH and T using a single PFFI. If two PFFIs with different structures are combined, they will individually exhibit distinct sensitivity responses with respect to RH and T, respectively. The technical problem of analyzing multiple interferences of the optical spectra of the DPFFI and the individual sensitivity of RH and T to each PFFI is obtained using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). A mathematical method is applied to solve the simultaneous equations of the DPFFI, so that the two variables RH and T can be determined at the same time. Experimental results, indicating good sensitivity and accuracy, with small measurement errors (average errors of ~1.46 °C and ~1.48%, respectively), are shown, determining the feasibility, and verifying the effectiveness, of the proposed DPFFI sensor.
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27
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Rong Q, Hao Y, Zhou R, Yin X, Shao Z, Liang L, Qiao X. UW Imaging of Seismic-Physical-Models in Air Using Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot Interferometer. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E397. [PMID: 28218658 DOI: 10.3390/s17020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) has been proposed and demonstrated for the ultrasound wave (UW) imaging of seismic-physical models. The sensor probe comprises a single mode fiber (SMF) that is inserted into a ceramic tube terminated by an ultra-thin gold film. The probe performs with an excellent UW sensitivity thanks to the nanolayer gold film, and thus is capable of detecting a weak UW in air medium. Furthermore, the compact sensor is a symmetrical structure so that it presents a good directionality in the UW detection. The spectral band-side filter technique is used for UW interrogation. After scanning the models using the sensing probe in air, the two-dimensional (2D) images of four physical models are reconstructed.
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28
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Shao LY, Zhang X, He H, Zhang Z, Zou X, Luo B, Pan W, Yan L. Optical Fiber Temperature and Torsion Sensor Based on Lyot-Sagnac Interferometer. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16101774. [PMID: 27783032 PMCID: PMC5087558 DOI: 10.3390/s16101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An optical fiber temperature and torsion sensor has been proposed by employing the Lyot-Sagnac interferometer, which was composed by inserting two sections of high-birefringence (HiBi) fiber into the Sagnac loop. The two inserted sections of HiBi fiber have different functions; while one section acts as the temperature sensitive region, the other can be used as reference fiber. The temperature and twist sensor based on the proposed interferometer structure have been experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results show that the envelope of the output spectrum will shift with the temperature evolution. The temperature sensitivity is calculated to be -17.99 nm/°C, which is enlarged over 12 times compared to that of the single Sagnac interferometer. Additionally, the fringe visibility of the spectrum will change due to the fiber twist, and the test results reveal that the fringe visibility and twist angle perfectly conform to a Sine relationship over a 360° twist angle. Consequently, simultaneous torsion and temperature measurement could be realized by detecting the envelope shift and fringe visibility of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Shao
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Xinpu Zhang
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Haijun He
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Xihua Zou
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Bin Luo
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Wei Pan
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Lianshan Yan
- Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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29
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Lopez-Aldaba A, Pinto AMR, Lopez-Amo M, Frazão O, Santos JL, Baptista JM, Baierl H, Auguste JL, Jamier R, Roy P. Experimental and numerical characterization of a hybrid Fabry-Pérot cavity for temperature sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:8042-8053. [PMID: 25853404 PMCID: PMC4431231 DOI: 10.3390/s150408042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid Fabry-Pérot cavity sensing head based on a four-bridge microstructured fiber is characterized for temperature sensing. The characterization of this cavity is performed numerically and experimentally in the L-band. The sensing head output signal presents a linear variation with temperature changes, showing a sensitivity of 12.5 pm/°C. Moreover, this Fabry-Pérot cavity exhibits good sensitivity to polarization changes and high stability over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Lopez-Aldaba
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering of the Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; E-Mails: (A.L.-A.); (M.L.-A.)
| | - Ana Margarida Rodrigues Pinto
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering of the Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; E-Mails: (A.L.-A.); (M.L.-A.)
- INESC P&D Brasil, 11055-300 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel Lopez-Amo
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering of the Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; E-Mails: (A.L.-A.); (M.L.-A.)
| | - Orlando Frazão
- INESC Porto, 4150-179 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (O.F.); (J.L.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - José Luís Santos
- INESC Porto, 4150-179 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (O.F.); (J.L.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - José Manuel Baptista
- INESC Porto, 4150-179 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (O.F.); (J.L.S.); (J.M.B.)
- Competence Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering of the University of Madeira, 9000-082 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Hardy Baierl
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR7252, F-87000 Limoges, France; E-Mails: (H.B.); (J.-L.A.); (R.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Jean-Louis Auguste
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR7252, F-87000 Limoges, France; E-Mails: (H.B.); (J.-L.A.); (R.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Raphael Jamier
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR7252, F-87000 Limoges, France; E-Mails: (H.B.); (J.-L.A.); (R.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Philippe Roy
- University of Limoges, CNRS, Xlim, UMR7252, F-87000 Limoges, France; E-Mails: (H.B.); (J.-L.A.); (R.J.); (P.R.)
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Nascimento JF, Silva MJ, Coêlho IJS, Cipriano E, Martins-Filho JF. Amplified OTDR systems for multipoint corrosion monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:3438-48. [PMID: 22737017 PMCID: PMC3376602 DOI: 10.3390/s120303438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present two configurations of an amplified fiber-optic-based corrosion sensor using the optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) technique as the interrogation method. The sensor system is multipoint, self-referenced, has no moving parts and can measure the corrosion rate several kilometers away from the OTDR equipment. The first OTDR monitoring system employs a remotely pumped in-line EDFA and it is used to evaluate the increase in system reach compared to a non-amplified configuration. The other amplified monitoring system uses an EDFA in booster configuration and we perform corrosion measurements and evaluations of system sensitivity to amplifier gain variations. Our experimental results obtained under controlled laboratory conditions show the advantages of the amplified system in terms of longer system reach with better spatial resolution, and also that the corrosion measurements obtained from our system are not sensitive to 3 dB gain variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan F. Nascimento
- Polytechnic School of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), 52720-001, Recife, PE, Brazil; E-Mails:
- Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 50740-550, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcionilo J. Silva
- Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 50740-550, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isnaldo J. S. Coêlho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), 56305-971, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Eliel Cipriano
- Polytechnic School of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), 52720-001, Recife, PE, Brazil; E-Mails:
| | - Joaquim F. Martins-Filho
- Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 50740-550, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-81-2126-7784; Fax: +55-81-2126-8215
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Yeh CH, Chow CW, Sung JY, Wu PC, Whang WT, Tseng FG. Measurement of organic chemical refractive indexes using an optical time-domain reflectometer. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:481-8. [PMID: 22368480 PMCID: PMC3279224 DOI: 10.3390/s120100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for measuring the refractive index (RI) of liquid organic chemicals. The scheme is based on a single-mode fiber (SMF) sensor and an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR). Here, due to the different reflectance (R) between the SMF and organic liquid chemicals, the reflected power level of the backscattering light (BSL) measured by the OTDR would be different. Therefore, we can measure the RI of chemical under test via the measured BSL level. The proposed RI sensor is simple and easy to manipulate, with stable detected signals, and has the potential to be a valuable tool for use in biological and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Yeh
- Information and Communications Research Laboratories (ICL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-591-5698; Fax: 886-3-582-0226
| | - Chi-Wai Chow
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-W.C.); (J.-Y.S.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Jiun-Yu Sung
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-W.C.); (J.-Y.S.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Ping-Chun Wu
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-W.C.); (J.-Y.S.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Wha-Tzong Whang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; E-Mail:
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Son J, Lee MK, Jeong MY, Kim CS. Polarization dependence suppression of optical fiber grating sensor in a π-shifted Sagnac loop interferometer. Sensors (Basel) 2010; 10:4373-80. [PMID: 22399884 DOI: 10.3390/s100504373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the sensing applications of optical fiber grating, it is necessary to reduce the transmission-type polarization dependence to isolate the sensing parameter. It is experimentally shown that the polarization-dependent spectrum of acousto-optic long-period fiber grating sensors can be suppressed in the transmission port of a π-shifted Sagnac loop interferometer. General expressions for the transmittance and reflectance are derived for transmission-type, reflection-type, and partially reflecting/transmitting-type polarization-dependent optical devices. The compensation of polarization dependence through the counter propagation in the Sagnac loop interferometer is quantitatively measured for a commercial in-line polarizer and an acousto-optic long-period fiber grating sensor.
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Mirapeix J, Cobo A, Fuentes J, Davila M, Etayo JM, Lopez-Higuera JM. Use of the Plasma Spectrum RMS Signal for Arc-Welding Diagnostics. Sensors (Basel) 2009; 9:5263-5276. [PMID: 22346696 PMCID: PMC3274167 DOI: 10.3390/s90705263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new spectroscopic parameter is used in this paper for on-line arc-welding quality monitoring. Plasma spectroscopy applied to welding diagnostics has typically relied on the estimation of the plasma electronic temperature, as there is a known correlation between this parameter and the quality of the seams. However, the practical use of this parameter gives rise to some uncertainties that could provoke ambiguous results. For an efficient on-line welding monitoring system, it is essential to prevent the appearance of false alarms, as well as to detect all the possible defects. In this regard, we propose the use of the root mean square signal of the welding plasma spectra, as this parameter will be proven to exhibit a good correlation with the quality of the resulting seams. Results corresponding to several arc-welding field tests performed on Inconel and titanium specimens will be discussed and compared to non-destructive evaluation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Mirapeix
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E39005, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-942-200877; Fax: +34-942-200877
| | - Adolfo Cobo
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E39005, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (J.M.L.-H.)
| | - Jose Fuentes
- ITP (Industria de Turbo Propulsores S.A), Parque Tecnológico de Bizcaia Kanala Bidea, Edificio 300, 48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia), Spain; E-Mails: (F.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Marta Davila
- ITP (Industria de Turbo Propulsores S.A), Parque Tecnológico de Bizcaia Kanala Bidea, Edificio 300, 48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia), Spain; E-Mails: (F.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Juan Maria Etayo
- ROBOTIKER-Tecnalia. Parque Tecnológico Edif. 202, 48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia), Spain; E-mail:
| | - Jose-Miguel Lopez-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E39005, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (J.M.L.-H.)
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Garcia-Allende PB, Mirapeix J, Conde OM, Cobo A, Lopez-Higuera JM. Arc-Welding Spectroscopic Monitoring based on Feature Selection and Neural Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2008; 8:6496-506. [PMID: 27873883 DOI: 10.3390/s8106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new spectral processing technique designed for application in the on-line detection and classification of arc-welding defects is presented in this paper. A non-invasive fiber sensor embedded within a TIG torch collects the plasma radiation originated during the welding process. The spectral information is then processed in two consecutive stages. A compression algorithm is first applied to the data, allowing real-time analysis. The selected spectral bands are then used to feed a classification algorithm, which will be demonstrated to provide an efficient weld defect detection and classification. The results obtained with the proposed technique are compared to a similar processing scheme presented in previous works, giving rise to an improvement in the performance of the monitoring system.
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