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Corbett AD, Burton RAB, Bub G, Salter PS, Tuohy S, Booth MJ, Wilson T. Quantifying distortions in two-photon remote focussing microscope images using a volumetric calibration specimen. Front Physiol 2014; 5:384. [PMID: 25339910 PMCID: PMC4189333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote focussing microscopy allows sharp, in-focus images to be acquired at high speed from outside of the focal plane of an objective lens without any agitation of the specimen. However, without careful optical alignment, the advantages of remote focussing microscopy could be compromised by the introduction of depth-dependent scaling artifacts. To achieve an ideal alignment in a point-scanning remote focussing microscope, the lateral (XY) scan mirror pair must be imaged onto the back focal plane of both the reference and imaging objectives, in a telecentric arrangement. However, for many commercial objective lenses, it can be difficult to accurately locate the position of the back focal plane. This paper investigates the impact of this limitation on the fidelity of three-dimensional data sets of living cardiac tissue, specifically the introduction of distortions. These distortions limit the accuracy of sarcomere measurements taken directly from raw volumetric data. The origin of the distortion is first identified through simulation of a remote focussing microscope. Using a novel three-dimensional calibration specimen it was then possible to quantify experimentally the size of the distortion as a function of objective misalignment. Finally, by first approximating and then compensating the distortion in imaging data from whole heart rodent studies, the variance of sarcomere length (SL) measurements was reduced by almost 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Corbett
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca A B Burton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Gil Bub
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick S Salter
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Tuohy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Martin J Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Oxford, UK ; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Tony Wilson
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has enabled unprecedented dynamic exploration in living organisms. A significant challenge in biological research is the dynamic imaging of features deep within living organisms, which permits the real-time analysis of cellular structure and function. To make progress in our understanding of biological machinery, optical microscopes must be capable of rapid, targeted access deep within samples at high resolution. In this Review, we discuss the basic architecture of a multiphoton microscope capable of such analysis and summarize the state-of-the-art technologies for the quantitative imaging of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich E. Hoover
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jeff A. Squier
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Grosberg LE, Chen BR, Hillman EMC. Simultaneous multiplane in vivo nonlinear microscopy using spectral encoding. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:2967-9. [PMID: 22825194 PMCID: PMC3708965 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional point-by-point imaging schemes for laser scanning microscopy limit acquisition speeds, particularly when imaging three-dimensional volumes. We report a novel approach that achieves parallelization of multiple fields of view through the use of spectral encoding. By focusing two or more beams of different wavelengths at different positions within a suitable tissue, fluorescence or second/third harmonic generation emissions from these regions can be uniquely separated. We demonstrate that this approach can allow simultaneous in vivo imaging of fluorescence in two planes within the living rodent cortex, and of second harmonic generation in fresh tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Grosberg
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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Hoover EE, Field JJ, Winters DG, Young MD, Chandler EV, Speirs JC, Kim SM, Ding SY, Bartels RA, Wang JW, Squier JA. Eliminating the scattering ambiguity in multifocal, multimodal, multiphoton imaging systems. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:425-36. [PMID: 22461190 PMCID: PMC3670971 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present how to entirely remove the scattering ambiguity present in existing multiphoton multifocal systems. This is achieved through the development and implementation of single-element detection systems that incorporate high-speed photon-counting electronics. These systems can be used to image entire volumes in the time it takes to perform a single transverse scan (four depths simultaneously at a rate of 30 Hz). In addition, this capability is further exploited to accomplish single-element detection of multiple modalities (two photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation) and to perform efficient image deconvolution. Finally, we demonstrate a new system that promises to significantly simplify this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich E. Hoover
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, and Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Field
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, and Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - David G. Winters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Michael D. Young
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, and Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Eric V. Chandler
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, and Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John C. Speirs
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, and Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Susy M. Kim
- Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0368, La Jolla, CA 92093-0368, USA
| | - Shi-you Ding
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Randy A. Bartels
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Jing W. Wang
- Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0368, La Jolla, CA 92093-0368, USA
| | - Jeff A. Squier
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, and Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Aberration-free three-dimensional multiphoton imaging of neuronal activity at kHz rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:2919-24. [PMID: 22315405 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1111662109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful tool in neuroscience, promising to deliver important data on the spatiotemporal activity within individual neurons as well as in networks of neurons. A major limitation of current technologies is the relatively slow scan rates along the z direction compared to the kHz rates obtainable in the x and y directions. Here, we describe a custom-built microscope system based on an architecture that allows kHz scan rates over hundreds of microns in all three dimensions without introducing aberration. We further demonstrate how this high-speed 3D multiphoton imaging system can be used to study neuronal activity at millisecond resolution at the subcellular as well as the population level.
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Three-dimensional imaging and photostimulation by remote-focusing and holographic light patterning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19504-9. [PMID: 22074779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to three-dimensional structures in the brain is fundamental to probe signal processing at multiple levels, from integration of synaptic inputs to network activity mapping. Here, we present an optical method for independent three-dimensional photoactivation and imaging by combination of digital holography with remote-focusing. We experimentally demonstrate compensation of spherical aberration for out-of-focus imaging in a range of at least 300 μm, as well as scanless imaging along oblique planes. We apply this method to perform functional imaging along tilted dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in brain slices, after photostimulation by multiple spots glutamate uncaging. By bringing extended portions of tilted dendrites simultaneously in-focus, we monitor the spatial extent of dendritic calcium signals, showing a shift from a widespread to a spatially confined response upon blockage of voltage-gated Na(+) channels.
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