1
|
Kendall WY, Tian Q, Zhao S, Mirminachi S, Joseph A, Dufault D, Shi C, Roper J, Wax A. Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic OCT. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.04.555974. [PMID: 37732221 PMCID: PMC10508742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.555974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Screening programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) have had a profound impact on the morbidity and mortality of this disease by detecting and removing early cancers and precancerous adenomas with colonoscopy. However, CRC continues to be the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and woman, partly because of limitations in colonoscopy-based screening. Thus, novel strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of screening colonoscopy are urgently needed. Here, we propose to address this need using an optical biopsy technique based on spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The depth resolved images obtained with OCT are analyzed as a function of wavelength to measure optical tissue properties. The optical properties can be used as input to machine learning algorithms as a means to classify adenomatous tissue in the colon. In this study, biopsied tissue samples from the colonic epithelium are analyzed ex vivo using spectroscopic OCT and tissue classifications are generated using a novel deep learning architecture, informed by machine learning methods including LSTM and KNN. The overall classification accuracy obtained was 88.9%, 76.0% and 97.9% in discriminating tissue type for these methods. Further, we apply an approach using false coloring of en face OCT images based on SOCT parameters and deep learning predictions to enable visual identification of tissue type. This study advances the spectroscopic OCT towards clinical utility for analyzing colonic epithelium for signs of adenoma.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kendall WY, Bordas J, Mirminachi S, Joseph A, Roper J, Wax A. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for classification of colorectal cancer in a mouse model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100387. [PMID: 35338763 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive diagnosis of the malignant potential of colon polyps can improve prevention of colorectal cancer without the need for time-consuming and expensive biopsies. This study examines the use of spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) to classify tissue from genetically engineered mouse models of early-stage adenoma (APC) and advanced adenocarcinoma (AKP) in which tumors are induced in the distal colon. The optical tissue properties of scattering power and scattering attenuation coefficient are evaluated by analyzing the imaging data collected from tissues. Classifications are generated using 2D linear discriminant analysis with high levels of discrimination obtained. The overall classification accuracy obtained was 91.5%, with 100% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity in separating tumors from benign tissue, and 77.8% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity in separating adenocarcinoma from nonmalignant tissue. Thus, this study demonstrates the clinical potential of using spectroscopic OCT for rapid detection of colon adenoma and colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Y Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julianna Bordas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Abel Joseph
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Kendall WY, Jelly ET, Wax A. Deep learning classification of cervical dysplasia using depth-resolved angular light scattering profiles. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4997-5007. [PMID: 34513238 PMCID: PMC8407824 DOI: 10.1364/boe.430467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a machine learning method for detecting and staging cervical dysplastic tissue using light scattering data based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. Depth-resolved angular scattering measurements from two clinical trials were used to generate independent training and validation sets as input of our model. We report 90.3% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity, and 87.5% accuracy in classifying cervical dysplasia, showing the uniformity of classification of a/LCI scans across different instruments. Further, our deep learning approach significantly improved processing speeds over the traditional Mie theory inverse light scattering analysis (ILSA) method, with a hundredfold reduction in processing time, offering a promising approach for a/LCI in the clinic for assessing cervical dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Wesley Y. Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Evan T. Jelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song G, Jelly ET, Chu KK, Kendall WY, Wax A. A review of low-cost and portable optical coherence tomography. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:032002. [PMID: 37645660 PMCID: PMC10465117 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/abfeb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful optical imaging technique capable of visualizing the internal structure of biological tissues at near cellular resolution. For years, OCT has been regarded as the standard of care in ophthalmology, acting as an invaluable tool for the assessment of retinal pathology. However, the costly nature of most current commercial OCT systems has limited its general accessibility, especially in low-resource environments. It is therefore timely to review the development of low-cost OCT systems as a route for applying this technology to population-scale disease screening. Low-cost, portable and easy to use OCT systems will be essential to facilitate widespread use at point of care settings while ensuring that they offer the necessary imaging performances needed for clinical detection of retinal pathology. The development of low-cost OCT also offers the potential to enable application in fields outside ophthalmology by lowering the barrier to entry. In this paper, we review the current development and applications of low-cost, portable and handheld OCT in both translational and research settings. Design and cost-reduction techniques are described for general low-cost OCT systems, including considerations regarding spectrometer-based detection, scanning optics, system control, signal processing, and the role of 3D printing technology. Lastly, a review of clinical applications enabled by low-cost OCT is presented, along with a detailed discussion of current limitations and outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
| | | | - Kengyeh K Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Wesley Y Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kendall WY, Ho D, Chu K, Zinaman M, Wieland D, Moragne K, Wax A. Prospective detection of cervical dysplasia with scanning angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5197-5211. [PMID: 33014608 PMCID: PMC7510862 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a prospective clinical study using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) to detect cervical dysplasia via depth resolved nuclear morphology measurements. The study, performed at the Jacobi Medical Center, compares 80 a/LCI optical biopsies taken from 20 women with histopathological tissue diagnosis of co-registered physical biopsies. A novel instrument was used for this study that enables 2D scanning across the cervix without repositioning the probe. The main study goal was to compare performance with a previous clinical a/LCI point-probe instrument [Int. J. Cancer140, 1447 (2017)] and use the same diagnostic criteria as in that study. Tissue was classified in two schemes: non-dysplastic vs. dysplastic and low-risk vs. high-risk, with the latter classification aligned with clinically actionable diagnosis. High sensitivity (non-dysplastic vs. dysplastic: 0.903, low-risk vs. high-risk: 1.000) and NPV (0.930 and 1.000 respectively) were obtained when using the previously established decision boundaries, showing the success of the scanning a/LCI instrument and reinforcing the clinical viability of a/LCI in disease detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Y. Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kengyeh Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michael Zinaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daryl Wieland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kandis Moragne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ge X, Tang H, Wang X, Liu X, Chen S, Wang N, Ni G, Yu X, Chen S, Liang H, Bo E, Wang L, Braganza CS, Xu C, Rowe SM, Tearney GJ, Liu L. Geometry-Dependent Spectroscopic Contrast in Deep Tissues. iScience 2019; 19:965-975. [PMID: 31522119 PMCID: PMC6745491 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-structures of biological systems can produce diverse spectroscopic effects through interactions with broadband light. Although structured coloration at the surface has been extensively studied, natural spectroscopic contrasts in deep tissues are poorly understood, which may carry valuable information for evaluating the anatomy and function of biological systems. Here we investigated the spectroscopic characteristics of an important geometry in deep tissues at the nanometer scale: packed nano-cylinders, in the near-infrared window, numerically predicted and experimentally proved that transversely oriented and regularly arranged nano-cylinders could selectively backscatter light of the long wavelengths. Notably, we found that the spectroscopic contrast of nanoscale fibrous structures was sensitive to the pressure load, possibly owing to the changes in the orientation, the degree of alignment, and the spacing. To explore the underlying physical basis, we further developed an analytical model based on the radial distribution function in terms of their radius, refractive index, and spatial distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hongying Tang
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Si Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nanshuo Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Guangming Ni
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haitao Liang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - En Bo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cilwyn Shalitha Braganza
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng Y, Rao B, Chapman WC, Nandy S, Rais R, González I, Chatterjee D, Mutch M, Zhu Q. The Angular Spectrum of the Scattering Coefficient Map Reveals Subsurface Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2998. [PMID: 30816153 PMCID: PMC6395629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer diagnosis currently relies on histological detection of endoluminal neoplasia in biopsy specimens. However, clinical visual endoscopy provides no quantitative subsurface cancer information. In this ex vivo study of nine fresh human colon specimens, we report the first use of quantified subsurface scattering coefficient maps acquired by swept-source optical coherence tomography to reveal subsurface abnormities. We generate subsurface scattering coefficient maps with a novel wavelet-based-curve-fitting method that provides significantly improved accuracy. The angular spectra of scattering coefficient maps of normal tissues exhibit a spatial feature distinct from those of abnormal tissues. An angular spectrum index to quantify the differences between the normal and abnormal tissues is derived, and its strength in revealing subsurface cancer in ex vivo samples is statistically analyzed. The study demonstrates that the angular spectrum of the scattering coefficient map can effectively reveal subsurface colorectal cancer and potentially provide a fast and more accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William C Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sreyankar Nandy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rehan Rais
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iván González
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Mutch
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kandel ME, Sridharan S, Liang J, Luo Z, Han K, Macias V, Shah A, Patel R, Tangella K, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Guzman G, Popescu G. Label-free tissue scanner for colorectal cancer screening. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:66016. [PMID: 28655054 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.066016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The current practice of surgical pathology relies on external contrast agents to reveal tissue architecture, which is then qualitatively examined by a trained pathologist. The diagnosis is based on the comparison with standardized empirical, qualitative assessments of limited objectivity. We propose an approach to pathology based on interferometric imaging of “unstained” biopsies, which provides unique capabilities for quantitative diagnosis and automation. We developed a label-free tissue scanner based on “quantitative phase imaging,” which maps out optical path length at each point in the field of view and, thus, yields images that are sensitive to the “nanoscale” tissue architecture. Unlike analysis of stained tissue, which is qualitative in nature and affected by color balance, staining strength and imaging conditions, optical path length measurements are intrinsically quantitative, i.e., images can be compared across different instruments and clinical sites. These critical features allow us to automate the diagnosis process. We paired our interferometric optical system with highly parallelized, dedicated software algorithms for data acquisition, allowing us to image at a throughput comparable to that of commercial tissue scanners while maintaining the nanoscale sensitivity to morphology. Based on the measured phase information, we implemented software tools for autofocusing during imaging, as well as image archiving and data access. To illustrate the potential of our technology for large volume pathology screening, we established an “intrinsic marker” for colorectal disease that detects tissue with dysplasia or colorectal cancer and flags specific areas for further examination, potentially improving the efficiency of existing pathology workflows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Kandel
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United StatesbUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Shamira Sridharan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United StatescUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United StatesdUniversity of California, Biomedical Engineering Department, Davis, California, United States
| | - Jon Liang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Zelun Luo
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Kevin Han
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Virgilia Macias
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anish Shah
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Roshan Patel
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Grace Guzman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, United StatesbUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United StatescUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The transformation of the nuclear nanoarchitecture in human field carcinogenesis. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO206. [PMID: 28884003 PMCID: PMC5583697 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological alterations of the nuclear texture are a hallmark of carcinogenesis. At later stages of disease, these changes are well characterized and detectable by light microscopy. Evidence suggests that similar albeit nanoscopic alterations develop at the predysplastic stages of carcinogenesis. Using the novel optical technique partial wave spectroscopic microscopy, we identified profound changes in the nanoscale chromatin topology in microscopically normal tissue as a common event in the field carcinogenesis of many cancers. In particular, higher-order chromatin structure at supranucleosomal length scales (20-200 nm) becomes exceedingly heterogeneous, a measure we quantify using the disorder strength (Ld ) of the spatial arrangement of chromatin density. Here, we review partial wave spectroscopic nanocytology clinical studies and the technology's promise as an early cancer screening technology.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kassinopoulos M, Bousi E, Zouvani I, Pitris C. Correlation of the derivative as a robust estimator of scatterer size in optical coherence tomography (OCT). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1598-1606. [PMID: 28663852 PMCID: PMC5480567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The size-dependent spectral variations, predicted by Mie theory, have already been considered as a contrast enhancement mechanism in optical coherence tomography. In this work, a new spectroscopic metric, the bandwidth of the correlation of the derivative, was developed for estimating scatterer size which is more robust and accurate compared to existing methods. Its feasibility was demonstrated using phantoms containing polystyrene microspheres as well as images of normal and cancerous human colon. The results are very promising, suggesting that the proposed metric could be utilized for measuring nuclear size distribution, a diagnostically valuable marker, in human tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kassinopoulos
- KIOS Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - E. Bousi
- KIOS Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I. Zouvani
- Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - C. Pitris
- KIOS Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Y, Maher JR, Kim J, Selim MA, Levinson H, Wax A. Evaluation of burn severity in vivo in a mouse model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3339-45. [PMID: 26417505 PMCID: PMC4574661 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of burn injuries depends upon an accurate assessment of the depth of the wound. Current diagnostic methods rely primarily on subjective visual inspection, which can produce variable results. In this study, spectroscopic optical coherence tomography was used to objectively evaluate burn injuries in vivo in a mouse model. Significant spectral differences were observed and correlated with the depth of the injury as determined by histopathology. The relevance of these results to clinical burn management in human tissues is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jason R. Maher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Howard Levinson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim J, Brown W, Maher JR, Levinson H, Wax A. Functional optical coherence tomography: principles and progress. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:R211-37. [PMID: 25951836 PMCID: PMC4448140 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/r211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, several functional extensions of optical coherence tomography (OCT) have emerged, and this review highlights key advances in instrumentation, theoretical analysis, signal processing and clinical application of these extensions. We review five principal extensions: Doppler OCT (DOCT), polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE), spectroscopic OCT (SOCT), and molecular imaging OCT. The former three have been further developed with studies in both ex vivo and in vivo human tissues. This review emphasizes the newer techniques of SOCT and molecular imaging OCT, which show excellent potential for clinical application but have yet to be well reviewed in the literature. SOCT elucidates tissue characteristics, such as oxygenation and carcinogenesis, by detecting wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering of light in tissues. While SOCT measures endogenous biochemical distributions, molecular imaging OCT detects exogenous molecular contrast agents. These newer advances in functional OCT broaden the potential clinical application of OCT by providing novel ways to understand tissue activity that cannot be accomplished by other current imaging methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maher JR, Jaedicke V, Medina M, Levinson H, Selim MA, Brown WJ, Wax A. In vivo analysis of burns in a mouse model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:5594-7. [PMID: 25360936 PMCID: PMC4370176 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic analysis of biological tissues can provide insight into changes in structure and function due to disease or injury. Depth-resolved spectroscopic measurements can be implemented for tissue imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Here, spectroscopic OCT is applied to in vivo measurement of burn injury in a mouse model. Data processing and analysis methods are compared for their accuracy. Overall accuracy in classifying burned tissue was found to be as high as 91%, producing an area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97. The origins of the spectral changes are identified by correlation with histopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Maher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Volker Jaedicke
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Manuel Medina
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Howard Levinson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
| | | | - William J. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yi J, Radosevich AJ, Stypula-Cyrus Y, Mutyal NN, Azarin SM, Horcher E, Goldberg MJ, Bianchi LK, Bajaj S, Roy HK, Backman V. Spatially resolved optical and ultrastructural properties of colorectal and pancreatic field carcinogenesis observed by inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:36013. [PMID: 24643530 PMCID: PMC4019430 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.3.036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Field carcinogenesis is the initial stage of cancer progression. Understanding field carcinogenesis is valuable for both cancer biology and clinical medicine. Here, we used inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography to study colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) field carcinogenesis. Depth-resolved optical and ultrastructural properties of the mucosa were quantified from histologically normal rectal biopsies from patients with and without colon adenomas (n=85) as well as from histologically normal peri-ampullary duodenal biopsies from patients with and without PC (n=22). Changes in the epithelium and stroma in CRC field carcinogenesis were separately quantified. In both compartments, optical and ultra-structural alterations were consistent. Optical alterations included lower backscattering (μb) and reduced scattering (μs') coefficients and higher anisotropy factor g. Ultrastructurally pronounced alterations were observed at length scales up to ∼450 nm, with the shape of the mass density correlation function having a higher shape factor D, thus implying a shift to larger length scales. Similar alterations were found in the PC field carcinogenesis despite the difference in genetic pathways and etiologies. We further verified that the chromatin clumping in epithelial cells and collagen cross-linking caused D to increase in vitro and could be among the mechanisms responsible for the observed changes in epithelium and stroma, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yi
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Andrew J. Radosevich
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Yolanda Stypula-Cyrus
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Nikhil N. Mutyal
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Samira Michelle Azarin
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Elizabeth Horcher
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Michael J. Goldberg
- NorthShore University Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Laura K. Bianchi
- NorthShore University Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Shailesh Bajaj
- NorthShore University Health Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Hemant K. Roy
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Vadim Backman
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Address all correspondence to: Vadim Backman, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shwter AN, Abdullah NA, Alshawsh MA, Alsalahi A, Hajrezaei M, Almaqrami AA, Salem SD, Abdulla MA. Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by Gynura procumbens in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1194-1201. [PMID: 24393787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gynura procumbens is commonly used as a traditional medicinal plant in Malaysia for treatment of many diseases. To investigate the chemopreventive properties of Gynura procumbens on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. METHODS Five groups of adult male rats were used in this experiment. Normal/control group; the rats were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg of sterile normal saline once a week for two weeks, and orally administered with 10% Tween 20 (5 mL/kg). Carcinogen and treatment groups; the rats were injected subcutaneously each with 15 mg/kg body weight AOM once a week for 2 weeks and were continued to be fed for two months, respectively with 10% Tween 20, 500 and 250mg/kg body weight plant extracts. Reference group; the rats were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg body weight AOM once a week for 2 weeks, and injected intraperitoneally with fluorouracil 35 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days. RESULT Total ACF detected in methylene blue stained whole mounts of rat colon were 21, 23and 130 in rats fed with 500, 250 mg/kg body weight treatment and carcinogen groups, respectively. Treatment with high and low doses of the plant extract led to83.6% and 82.2% decrease in the total crypts in the groups fed 500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg Gynura procumbens respectively compared to carcinogen group. Immunohistochemical staining of ACF showed suppressed azoxymethane induced colonic cell proliferation and Bcl-2 expression. Glutathione-S-transfarase and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in treated rats compared to carcinogen groups. CONCLUSION Gynura procumbens reduced the incidence of AOM induced ACF. The findings showed that Gynura procumbens may have antiproliferative and antioxidative properties. Moreover, Gynura procumbens possesses the medicinal properties to prevent colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdrabuh N Shwter
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azizan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdulsamd Alsalahi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amel A Almaqrami
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sameer D Salem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood A Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tay BCM, Chow TH, Ng BK, Loh TKS. Dual-Window Dual-Bandwidth Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography Metric for Qualitative Scatterer Size Differentiation in Tissues. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:2439-48. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2202391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
17
|
Gomes AJ, Ruderman S, DelaCruz M, Wali RK, Roy HK, Backman V. In vivo measurement of the shape of the tissue-refractive-index correlation function and its application to detection of colorectal field carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:047005. [PMID: 22559696 PMCID: PMC3382344 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.4.047005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-gated spectroscopy is an established method to depth-selectively interrogate the structural properties of biological tissue. We employ this method in vivo in the azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rat model to monitor the morphological changes that occur in the field of a tumor during early carcinogenesis. The results demonstrate a statistically significant change in the shape of the refractive-index correlation function for AOM-treated rats versus saline-treated controls. Since refractive index is linearly proportional to mass density, these refractive-index changes can be directly linked to alterations in the spatial distribution patterns of macromolecular density. Furthermore, we found that alterations in the shape of the refractive-index correlation function shape were an indicator of both present and future risk of tumor development. These results suggest that noninvasive measurement of the shape of the refractive-index correlation function could be a promising marker of early cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Gomes
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60218
| | - Sarah Ruderman
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60218
| | - Mart DelaCruz
- NorthShore University Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60218
| | - Ramesh K. Wali
- NorthShore University Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60218
| | - Hemant K. Roy
- NorthShore University Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60218
| | - Vadim Backman
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60218
- Address all correspondence to: Vadim Backman, Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, BME-E310, Evanston, Illinois 60218. Tel: +847 4913536; Fax: +847 4914928; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu Y, Terry NG, Wax A. Development of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for clinical detection of dysplasia. J Carcinog 2011; 10:19. [PMID: 21886457 PMCID: PMC3162729 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.83935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the development of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) from initial development through clinical application. In the first applications, the approach used a time-domain interferometry scheme and was validated using animal models of carcinogenesis to assess the feasibility of detecting dysplasia in situ. Further development of the approach led to Fourier-domain interferometry schemes with higher throughput and endoscope-compatible probes to enable clinical application. These later implementations have been applied to clinical studies of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus tissues, a metaplastic tissue type that is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. As an alternative to systematic biopsy, the a/LCI approach offers high sensitivity and specificity for detecting dysplasia in these tissues while avoiding the need for tissue removal or exogenous contrast agents. Here, the various implementations of a/LCI are discussed and the results of the preliminary animal experiments and ex vivo human tissue studies are reviewed. A review of a recent in vivo clinical study is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Backman V, Roy HK. Light-scattering technologies for field carcinogenesis detection: a modality for endoscopic prescreening. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:35-41. [PMID: 21078318 PMCID: PMC3319699 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colonoscopy has revolutionized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening resulting in a decrease in both CRC mortality and incidence. Despite this, CRC still ranks as the second leading cause of cancer deaths among Americans underscoring the need to both increase availability and accuracy of colonoscopy. The latter considerations provide the impetus for much of the current research into adjunctive imaging technologies. Recent advances in improving detection of dysplasia that have translated into clinical practice include high-definition scopes, narrow-band imaging, and chromo-endoscopy. Another major direction of research into improving endoscopy is determining histology of lesions in situ (“optical biopsy”) with confocal endomicroscopy, fluorescence and elastic scattering spectroscopy. All these techniques are of great promise in improving delivery of endoscopy but, to date, have not addressed the potentially more important hurdle associated with logistic challenges of providing accurate CRC screening for the entire at-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Backman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Hemant K. Roy
- Section of Gastroenterology, NorthShore University HealthSystems, Evanston IL
| |
Collapse
|