1
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Chen X, Lin K, Liu L. Dual beam optical coherence tomography angiography for decoupling axial velocity gradient. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19464. [PMID: 39174584 PMCID: PMC11341915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Axial velocity gradient (AVG) in the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) signal affects measurement accuracy when the flow is not perpendicular to the scanning beam. We developed a dual beam OCTA method to decouple the contribution of AVG from the decorrelation signal. Decoupling is first verified by phantom experiments which reduces measurement uncertainty from 1.5 to 0.7% (standard deviation). We also tested the method in human skin in vivo and the results indicate that the contribution of AVG to decorrelation signal is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yukun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kan Lin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute (CSIJRI), Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Ni S, Liang GB, Ng R, Ostmo S, Jia Y, Chiang MF, Huang D, Skalet AH, Young BK, Campbell JP, Jian Y. Panretinal handheld OCT angiography for pediatric retinal imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3412-3424. [PMID: 38855676 PMCID: PMC11161374 DOI: 10.1364/boe.520739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive visualization of retina morphology is essential in the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases in pediatric populations. Conventional imaging techniques often face challenges in effectively capturing the peripheral retina, primarily due to the limitations in current optical designs, which lack the necessary field of view to characterize the far periphery. To address this gap, our study introduces a novel ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) system. This system, specifically tailored for pediatric applications, incorporates an ultrahigh-speed 800 kHz swept-source laser. The system's innovative design achieves a 140° field of view while maintaining excellent optical performance. Over the last 15 months, we have conducted 379 eye examinations on 96 babies using this system. It demonstrates marked efficacy in the diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity, providing detailed and comprehensive peripheral retinal angiography. The capabilities of the ultra-widefield handheld OCTA system in enhancing the clarity and thoroughness of retina vascularization assessments have significantly improved the precision of diagnoses and the customization of treatment strategies. Our findings underscore the system's potential to advance pediatric ophthalmology and broaden the scope of retinal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibin Ni
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Guangru Ben Liang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ringo Ng
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Susan Ostmo
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael F. Chiang
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alison H. Skalet
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin K. Young
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - J. Peter Campbell
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yifan Jian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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3
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Liang GB, Hormel TT, Wei X, Guo Y, Wang J, Hwang T, Jia Y. Single-shot OCT and OCT angiography for slab-specific detection of diabetic retinopathy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5682-5695. [PMID: 38021127 PMCID: PMC10659794 DOI: 10.1364/boe.503476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) prototype using a 500 kHz high-speed swept-source laser. This system can generate a 75-degree field of view with a 10.4 µm lateral resolution with a single acquisition. With this prototype we acquired detailed, wide-field, and plexus-specific images throughout the retina and choroid in eyes with diabetic retinopathy, detecting early retinal neovascularization and locating pathology within specific retinal slabs. Our device could also visualize choroidal flow and identify signs of key biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangru B. Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 S.W. Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tristan T. Hormel
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 S.W. Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 S.W. Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yukun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 S.W. Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 S.W. Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas Hwang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 S.W. Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 515 S.W. Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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4
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Hormel TT, Jia Y. OCT angiography and its retinal biomarkers [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4542-4566. [PMID: 37791289 PMCID: PMC10545210 DOI: 10.1364/boe.495627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a high-resolution, depth-resolved imaging modality with important applications in ophthalmic practice. An extension of structural OCT, OCTA enables non-invasive, high-contrast imaging of retinal and choroidal vasculature that are amenable to quantification. As such, OCTA offers the capability to identify and characterize biomarkers important for clinical practice and therapeutic research. Here, we review new methods for analyzing biomarkers and discuss new insights provided by OCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan T. Hormel
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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5
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Mino T, Moriguchi Y, Tamura M, Matsumoto A, Kubota A, Akiba M, Hwang Y, Makita S, Yasuno Y, Enaida H, Fujimoto JG, Wang Z. Extended and adjustable field-of-view of variable interscan time analysis by ammonite-scanning swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4112-4125. [PMID: 37799706 PMCID: PMC10549733 DOI: 10.1364/boe.491611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel scanning protocol, ammonite scan, is proposed for widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and relative retinal blood flow velocity imaging in the human retina using variable interscan time analysis (VISTA). A repeated circle scan using a 400 kHz swept-source was employed to achieve an interscan time of 1.28 ms. The center of the repeated circular scan continuously moved spirally towards the peripheral region, ensuring an extended and adjustable scan range while preserving the short interscan time. Image artifacts due to eye movement were eliminated via extra motion-correction processing using data redundancy. The relative blood flow velocity in superficial and deep plexus layers was calculated from the VISTA image, and their ratio was used to explore the microvascular flow parameter in the healthy human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Mino
- Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Topcon Medical Systems, 111 Bauer Drive, Oakland, NJ 07436, USA
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Moriguchi
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kubota
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Yunchan Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Enaida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Topcon Medical Systems, 111 Bauer Drive, Oakland, NJ 07436, USA
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6
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He B, Zhang Y, Meng Z, He Z, Wang C, Chen Z, Yin Z, Hu Z, Shi Y, Zhang N, Zhang W, Wang G, Xue P. Optical coherence tomography angiography with adaptive multi-time interval. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200340. [PMID: 36617672 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can provide in vivo three-dimensional microvasculature information of bio-tissues, but it is sensitive to motion and time-consuming. To overcome these limitations, we propose an adaptive multiple time interval correlation mapping OCTA with a time-efficient scanning protocol and motion compensation algorithms. A spectral-domain OCT with a center wavelength of 850 nm, A-scan rate of 120 kHz and spatial resolution of 4.1 μm (axial) × 6.9 μm (lateral) is built to reconstruct the microvascular networks in the human arm. By adaptive optimization of the weights of different time interval B-scan angiograms, our novel OCTA technique achieves better performance with a visible vascular density increase of ~67% and a signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of ~11.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhe Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Zichen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yejiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Guihuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
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7
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Melachuri S, Dansingani KK, Wesalo J, Paez-Escamilla M, Gagrani M, Atta S, Indermill C, Sahel JA, Nischal KK, Chhablani J, Errera MH. OCT Angiography in Noninfectious Uveitis: A Description of Five Cases and Clinical Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1296. [PMID: 37046514 PMCID: PMC10092962 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging modality used to analyze the retinochoroidal vasculature and detect vascular flow. The resulting images can be segmented to view each vascular plexus individually. While fluorescein angiography is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of posterior uveitis, it has limitations, and can be replaced by OCTA in some cases. METHODS This case series describes five patients with posterior noninfectious uveitis and their description by OCTA. RESULTS Cases included lupus retinopathy (n = 1) for which OCTA showed ischemic maculopathy as areas of flow deficit at the superficial and deep capillary plexus; choroidal granulomas (n = 1) with a non-detectable flow signal in the choroid; active punctate inner choroiditis and multifocal choroiditis (n = 1) with OCTA that showed active inflammatory chorioretinal lesions as non-detectable flow signals in choriocapillaris and choroid; dense type 2 inflammatory secondary neovascularization (n = 1) associated with active choroiditis; and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) (n = 1) without flow abnormalities at the superficial and deep retinal plexuses but non-detectable flow at the levels of the choriocapillaris and choroid. CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmologists can use OCTA to identify inflammatory changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature, aiding in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of posterior uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyuktha Melachuri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kunal K. Dansingani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Wesalo
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Meghal Gagrani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarah Atta
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chad Indermill
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ken K. Nischal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marie-Hélène Errera
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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8
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Sampson DM, Dubis AM, Chen FK, Zawadzki RJ, Sampson DD. Towards standardizing retinal optical coherence tomography angiography: a review. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:63. [PMID: 35304441 PMCID: PMC8933532 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The visualization and assessment of retinal microvasculature are important in the study, diagnosis, monitoring, and guidance of treatment of ocular and systemic diseases. With the introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), it has become possible to visualize the retinal microvasculature volumetrically and without a contrast agent. Many lab-based and commercial clinical instruments, imaging protocols and data analysis methods and metrics, have been applied, often inconsistently, resulting in a confusing picture that represents a major barrier to progress in applying OCTA to reduce the burden of disease. Open data and software sharing, and cross-comparison and pooling of data from different studies are rare. These inabilities have impeded building the large databases of annotated OCTA images of healthy and diseased retinas that are necessary to study and define characteristics of specific conditions. This paper addresses the steps needed to standardize OCTA imaging of the human retina to address these limitations. Through review of the OCTA literature, we identify issues and inconsistencies and propose minimum standards for imaging protocols, data analysis methods, metrics, reporting of findings, and clinical practice and, where this is not possible, we identify areas that require further investigation. We hope that this paper will encourage the unification of imaging protocols in OCTA, promote transparency in the process of data collection, analysis, and reporting, and facilitate increasing the impact of OCTA on retinal healthcare delivery and life science investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Sampson
- Surrey Biophotonics, Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing and School of Biosciences and Medicine, The University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Adam M Dubis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - David D Sampson
- Surrey Biophotonics, Advanced Technology Institute, School of Physics and School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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9
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Optical Modalities for Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Stroke and the Consequent Brain Injuries. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and third most common cause of disability worldwide. Therefore, it is an important disease from a medical standpoint. For this reason, various studies have developed diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for stroke. Among them, developments and applications of optical modalities are being extensively studied. In this article, we explored three important optical modalities for research, diagnostic, and therapeutics for stroke and the brain injuries related to it: (1) photochemical thrombosis to investigate stroke animal models; (2) optical imaging techniques for in vivo preclinical studies on stroke; and (3) optical neurostimulation based therapy for stroke. We believe that an exploration and an analysis of previous studies will help us proceed from research to clinical applications of optical modalities for research, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke.
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10
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Ni S, Wei X, Ng R, Ostmo S, Chiang MF, Huang D, Jia Y, Campbell JP, Jian Y. High-speed and widefield handheld swept-source OCT angiography with a VCSEL light source. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3553-3570. [PMID: 34221678 PMCID: PMC8221946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) enable noninvasive structural and angiographic imaging of the eye. Portable handheld OCT/OCTA systems are required for imaging patients in the supine position. Examples include infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and operating room (OR). The speed of image acquisition plays a pivotal role in acquiring high-quality OCT/OCTA images, particularly with the handheld system, since both the operator hand tremor and subject motion can cause significant motion artifacts. In addition, having a large field of view and the ability of real-time data visualization are critical elements in rapid disease screening, reducing imaging time, and detecting peripheral retinal pathologies. The arrangement of optical components is less flexible in the handheld system due to the limitation of size and weight. In this paper, we introduce a 400-kHz, 55-degree field of view handheld OCT/OCTA system that has overcome many technical challenges as a portable OCT system as well as a high-speed OCTA system. We demonstrate imaging premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the NICU, a patient with incontinentia pigmenti (IP), and a patient with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) in the OR using our handheld OCT system. Our design may have the potential for improving the diagnosis of retinal diseases and help provide a practical guideline for designing a flexible and portable OCT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibin Ni
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiang Wei
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ringo Ng
- Department of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Susan Ostmo
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael F. Chiang
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - J. Peter Campbell
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yifan Jian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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11
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Wei X, Hormel TT, Jia Y. Phase-stabilized complex-decorrelation angiography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2419-2431. [PMID: 33996238 PMCID: PMC8086438 DOI: 10.1364/boe.420503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel phase-stabilized complex-decorrelation (PSCD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) method that can generate high quality OCTA images. This method has been validated using three different types of OCT systems and compared with conventional complex- and amplitude-based OCTA algorithms. Our results suggest that in combination with a pre-processing phase stabilization method, the PSCD method is insensitive to bulk motion phase shifts, less dependent on OCT reflectance than conventional complex methods and demonstrates extended dynamic range of flow signal, in contrast to other two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Tristan T. Hormel
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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12
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Chen TH, Wu YC, Tsai TY, Chueh CB, Huang BH, Huang YP, Tsai MT, Yasuno Y, Lee HC. Effect of A-scan rate and interscan interval on optical coherence angiography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:722-736. [PMID: 33680538 PMCID: PMC7901325 DOI: 10.1364/boe.409636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can provide rapid, volumetric, and noninvasive imaging of tissue microvasculature without the requirement of exogenous contrast agents. To investigate how A-scan rate and interscan time affected the contrast and dynamic range of OCTA, we developed a 1.06-µm swept-source OCT system enabling 100-kHz or 200-kHz OCT using two light sources. After system settings were carefully adjusted, almost the same detection sensitivity was achieved between the 100-kHz and 200-kHz modalities. OCTA of ear skin was performed on five mice. We used the variable interscan time analysis algorithm (VISTA) and the designated scanning protocol with OCTA images reconstructed through the correlation mapping method. With a relatively long interscan time (e.g., 12.5 ms vs. 6.25 ms for 200-kHz OCT), OCTA can identify more intricate microvascular networks. OCTA image sets with the same interscan time (e.g., 12.5 ms) were compared. OCTA images acquired with a 100-kHz A-scan rate showed finer microvasculature than did other imaging modalities. We performed quantitative analysis on the contrast from OCTA images reconstructed with different A-scan rates and interscan time intervals in terms of vessel area, total vessel length, and junction density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Bor Chueh
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Peng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tsan Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33306, Taiwan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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13
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Kleerekooper I, Houston S, Dubis AM, Trip SA, Petzold A. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurol 2020; 11:604049. [PMID: 33362705 PMCID: PMC7758345 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.604049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular changes are increasingly recognized as important factors in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory disease, especially in multiple sclerosis (MS). The relatively novel technology of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images the retinal and choroidal vasculature non-invasively and in a depth-resolved manner. OCTA provides an alternative quantitative measure of retinal damage, by measuring vascular density instead of structural atrophy. Preliminary results suggest OCTA is sensitive to retinal damage in early disease stages, while also having less of a "floor-effect" compared with commonly used OCT metrics, meaning it can pick up further damage in a severely atrophied retina in later stages of disease. Furthermore, it may serve as a surrogate marker for vascular pathology in the central nervous system. Data to date consistently reveal lower densities of the retinal microvasculature in both MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) compared with healthy controls, even in the absence of prior optic neuritis. Exploring the timing of vascular changes relative to structural atrophy may help answer important questions about the role of hypoperfusion in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory disease. Finally, qualitative characteristics of retinal microvasculature may help discriminate between different neuroinflammatory disorders. There are however still issues regarding image quality and development of standardized analysis methods before OCTA can be fully incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Kleerekooper
- Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Houston
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M Dubis
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Resource Centre at University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Anand Trip
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Petzold
- Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.,Dutch Expertise Centre of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Borrelli E, Parravano M, Sacconi R, Costanzo E, Querques L, Vella G, Bandello F, Querques G. Guidelines on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging: 2020 Focused Update. Ophthalmol Ther 2020; 9:697-707. [PMID: 32740741 PMCID: PMC7708612 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-020-00286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has significantly expanded our knowledge of the ocular vasculature. In this review, we provide a discussion of the fundamental principles of OCTA and the application of this imaging modality to study the retinal and choroidal vessels. These guidelines are focused on 2020, and include updates since the 2019 publication. Importantly, we will comment on recent findings on OCTA technology with a special focus on the three-dimensional (3D) OCTA visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Borrelli
- Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sacconi
- Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lea Querques
- Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vella
- Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Camino A, Zang P, Athwal A, Ni S, Jia Y, Huang D, Jian Y. Sensorless adaptive-optics optical coherence tomographic angiography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3952-3967. [PMID: 33014578 PMCID: PMC7510908 DOI: 10.1364/boe.396829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) can image the retinal blood flow but visualization of the capillary caliber is limited by the low lateral resolution. Adaptive optics (AO) can be used to compensate ocular aberrations when using high numerical aperture (NA), and thus improve image resolution. However, previously reported AO-OCTA instruments were large and complex, and have a small sub-millimeter field of view (FOV) that hinders the extraction of biomarkers with clinical relevance. In this manuscript, we developed a sensorless AO-OCTA prototype with an intermediate numerical aperture to produce depth-resolved angiograms with high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio over a 2 × 2 mm FOV, with a focal spot diameter of 6 µm, which is about 3 times finer than typical commercial OCT systems. We believe these parameters may represent a better tradeoff between resolution and FOV compared to large-NA AO systems, since the spot size matches better that of capillaries. The prototype corrects defocus, astigmatism, and coma using a figure of merit based on the mean reflectance projection of a slab defined with real-time segmentation of retinal layers. AO correction with the ability to optimize focusing in arbitrary retinal depths - particularly the plexuses in the inner retina - could be achieved in 1.35 seconds. The AO-OCTA images showed greater flow signal, signal-to-noise ratio, and finer capillary caliber compared to commercial OCTA. Projection artifacts were also reduced in the intermediate and deep capillary plexuses. The instrument reported here improves OCTA image quality without excessive sacrifice in FOV and device complexity, and thus may have potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acner Camino
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 27239, USA
| | - Pengxiao Zang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 27239, USA
| | - Arman Athwal
- Department of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Shuibin Ni
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 27239, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 27239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 27239, USA
| | - Yifan Jian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 27239, USA
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16
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Wei X, Hormel TT, Guo Y, Jia Y. 75-degree non-mydriatic single-volume optical coherence tomographic angiography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6286-6295. [PMID: 31853400 PMCID: PMC6913399 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) enable three-dimensional, high-resolution imaging of the eye. Yet, while they provide unprecedented structural and angiographic imaging detail, both have only limited fields of view in comparison to other imaging modalities like fundus photography. In this paper, we present a high-speed, high-sensitivity, swept source laser-based system that can acquire non-mydriatic 75-degree field of view OCT and OCTA images in a single complete scan without resorting to montaging techniques. The system uses an optimized scanning protocol and achieves capillary-level image quality. Such data may improve early detection of pathology and provide valuable information during disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tristan T. Hormel
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yukun Guo
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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17
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Li Y, Chen J, Chen Z. Advances in Doppler optical coherence tomography and angiography. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 1:e201900005. [PMID: 33005888 PMCID: PMC7523705 DOI: 10.1002/tbio.201900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 1997, several functional extensions of Doppler OCT have been developed, including velocimetry, angiogram, and optical coherence elastography. These functional techniques have been widely used in research and clinical applications, particularly in ophthalmology. Here, we review the principles, representative methods, and applications of different Doppler OCT techniques, followed by discussion on the innovations, limitations, and future directions of each of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jason Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
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