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Li Y, Xu E, Rong R, Zhang S, Yuan W, Qiu M, Su J. Glutaraldehyde modified red blood cells delivering artesunate to the liver as a dual therapeutic and prophylactic antimalaria strategy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7490-7501. [PMID: 37458002 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria can spread quickly in the population and develop rapidly. Patients with malaria usually die due to lack of timely and effective treatment. Artesunate (AS) is a highly effective and low-toxicity antimalarial drug, but its short half-life in the blood makes it difficult to control the malaria infection completely. Red blood cells (RBCs) have great biodegradability and can be employed to encapsulate various drugs. In this work, we employed RBCs as carriers to encapsulate AS and modified them with glutaraldehyde to construct an intelligent response drug delivery system (G-AS-RBCs) targeting the liver for antimalaria therapeutic and prophylactic activity. The G-AS-RBCs had a drug loading amount of 6.56 ± 0.14 mg 10-8 cells, suggesting excellent biocompatibility. G-AS-RBCs exhibited strong liver targeting efforts and can be maintained in the mice for at least 9 days, showing the potential for malaria prevention. The enrichment of AS in the liver was enhanced because of the natural liver targeting of erythrocytes and the enhancement of liver targeting by glutaraldehyde treatment. Furthermore, AS entrapped into RBCs also showed improved slow-release characteristics and achieved a better effect of inhibiting or killing the malaria parasite than free drugs. Therefore, this RBC-based strategy is expected to realize the prevention and treatment of malaria and has good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Enge Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ruonan Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shulei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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2
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Glassman PM, Hood ED, Ferguson LT, Zhao Z, Siegel DL, Mitragotri S, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Red blood cells: The metamorphosis of a neglected carrier into the natural mothership for artificial nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113992. [PMID: 34597748 PMCID: PMC8556370 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery research pursues many types of carriers including proteins and other macromolecules, natural and synthetic polymeric structures, nanocarriers of diverse compositions and cells. In particular, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles represent arguably the most advanced and popular human-made nanocarriers, already in multiple clinical applications. On the other hand, red blood cells (RBCs) represent attractive natural carriers for the vascular route, featuring at least two distinct compartments for loading pharmacological cargoes, namely inner space enclosed by the plasma membrane and the outer surface of this membrane. Historically, studies of liposomal drug delivery systems (DDS) astronomically outnumbered and surpassed the RBC-based DDS. Nevertheless, these two types of carriers have different profile of advantages and disadvantages. Recent studies showed that RBC-based drug carriers indeed may feature unique pharmacokinetic and biodistribution characteristics favorably changing benefit/risk ratio of some cargo agents. Furthermore, RBC carriage cardinally alters behavior and effect of nanocarriers in the bloodstream, so called RBC hitchhiking (RBC-HH). This article represents an attempt for the comparative analysis of liposomal vs RBC drug delivery, culminating with design of hybrid DDSs enabling mutual collaborative advantages such as RBC-HH and camouflaging nanoparticles by RBC membrane. Finally, we discuss the key current challenges faced by these and other RBC-based DDSs including the issue of potential unintended and adverse effect and contingency measures to ameliorate this and other concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Laura T Ferguson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Don L Siegel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine & Therapeutic Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Hanley T, Vankayala R, Lee CH, Tang JC, Burns JM, Anvari B. Phototheranostics Using Erythrocyte-Based Particles. Biomolecules 2021; 11:729. [PMID: 34068081 PMCID: PMC8152750 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in the development of delivery systems based on red blood cells (RBCs) for light-mediated imaging and therapeutic applications. These constructs are able to take advantage of the immune evasion properties of the RBC, while the addition of an optical cargo allows the particles to be activated by light for a number of promising applications. Here, we review some of the common fabrication methods to engineer these constructs. We also present some of the current light-based applications with potential for clinical translation, and offer some insight into future directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hanley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Raviraj Vankayala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Radoptics, Limited Liability Company, 1002 Health Sciences Road, East, Suite P214, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Jack C. Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Joshua M. Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
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Chronicles of Nanoerythrosomes: An Erythrocyte-Based Biomimetic Smart Drug Delivery System as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tool in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030368. [PMID: 33802156 PMCID: PMC7998655 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, drug delivery using natural biological carriers has emerged as one of the most widely investigated topics of research. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, can act as potential carriers for a wide variety of drugs, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, along with various proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other macromolecules. The red blood cell-based nanocarrier systems, also called nanoerythrosomes, are nanovesicles poised with extraordinary features such as long blood circulation times, the ability to escape immune system, the ability to release the drug gradually, the protection of drugs from various endogenous factors, targeted and specified delivery of drugs, as well as possessing both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in various fields of biomedical sciences. Their journey over the last two decades is escalating with fast pace, ranging from in vivo to preclinical and clinical studies by encapsulating a number of drugs into these carriers. Being biomimetic nanoparticles, they have enhanced the stability profile of drugs and their excellent site-specific targeting ability makes them potential carrier systems in the diagnosis and therapy of wide variety of tumors including gliomas, lung cancers, breast cancers, colon cancers, gastric cancers, and other solid tumors. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in the field of nanoerythrosomes, as an excellent and promising nanoplatform for the novel drug delivery of various drugs particularly antineoplastic drugs along with their potential as a promising diagnostic tool for the identification of different tumors.
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Pandey G, Choudhary S, Chaudhari R, Joshi A. Ultrasonic atomizer based development of pH sensor for real time analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10910. [PMID: 32616901 PMCID: PMC7331635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent pH biosensors have gained importance owing to their low cost utilization in real time monitoring of biological and food samples in comparison to conventional pH meters. The research reports a novel method of ultrasonic atomization for developing a fluorescent pH sensor for real-time analysis made of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran/FITC-dextran-Tris (2, 2'-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate as indicator and reference fluorophores, respectively. The process of ultrasonic atomization ensures formation of monodisperse dye immobilized alginate microspheres ensuring efficient pH sensing. The developed biosensor was tested on milk samples, which has a short life span and shows a significant fall in pH with time due to microbial spoilage. The proposed biosensor showed a linear range of pH 4-8 (R2 between 0.96-0.99 for different single/dual fluorophore biosensors) which suitably cover the pH of milk during the entire storage period and spoilage. The % recovery for predicted pH falls between 90-110% compared against standard pH meter, indicating a good accuracy of estimation and low turnaround time (10 min). Thus, real-time monitoring using fluorescent pH biosensor for milk samples may profoundly improve the economics of losses occurring in processing and storage with capability of in-package continuous quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- Room No. SB-216, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Room No. SB-216, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Rashmi Chaudhari
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Room No. SB-216, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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6
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Koleva L, Bovt E, Ataullakhanov F, Sinauridze E. Erythrocytes as Carriers: From Drug Delivery to Biosensors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E276. [PMID: 32197542 PMCID: PMC7151026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery using natural biological carriers, especially erythrocytes, is a rapidly developing field. Such erythrocytes can act as carriers that prolong the drug's action due to its gradual release from the carrier; as bioreactors with encapsulated enzymes performing the necessary reactions, while remaining inaccessible to the immune system and plasma proteases; or as a tool for targeted drug delivery to target organs, primarily to cells of the reticuloendothelial system, liver and spleen. To date, erythrocytes have been studied as carriers for a wide range of drugs, such as enzymes, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antiviral drugs, etc., and for diagnostic purposes (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging). The review focuses only on drugs loaded inside erythrocytes, defines the main lines of research for erythrocytes with bioactive substances, as well as the advantages and limitations of their application. Particular attention is paid to in vivo studies, opening-up the potential for the clinical use of drugs encapsulated into erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Koleva
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Bovt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
| | - Fazoil Ataullakhanov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, build. 2, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Sinauridze
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Samory Mashela str., 1, GSP-7, Moscow 117198, Russia; (E.B.); (F.A.)
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biophysics of the Cell, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya, 30, Moscow 109029, Russia
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7
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Li L, Rao G, Lv X, Chen R, Cheng X, Wang X, Zeng S, Liu X. Chemical reactivation of fluorescein isothiocyanate immunofluorescence-labeled resin-embedded samples. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-4. [PMID: 29427410 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.2.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resin embedding is widely used and facilitates microscopic imaging of biological tissues. In contrast, quenching of fluorescence during embedding process hinders the application of resin embedding for imaging of fluorescence-labeled samples. For samples expressing fluorescent proteins, it has been demonstrated that the weakened fluorescence could be recovered by reactivating the fluorophore with alkaline buffer. We extended this idea to immunofluorescence-labeling technology. We showed that the fluorescence of pH-sensitive fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was quenched after resin embedding but reactivated after treating by alkaline buffer. We observed 138.5% fluorescence preservation ratio of reactivated state, sixfold compared with the quenched state in embedding resin, which indicated its application for fluorescence imaging of high signal-to-background ratio. Furthermore, we analyzed the chemical reactivation mechanism of FITC fluorophore. This work would show a way for high-resolution imaging of immunofluorescence-labeled samples embedded in resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Gong Rao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
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8
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A novel rapid and reproducible flow cytometric method for optimization of transfection efficiency in cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182941. [PMID: 28863132 PMCID: PMC5580984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfection is one of the most frequently used techniques in molecular biology that is also applicable for gene therapy studies in humans. One of the biggest challenges to investigate the protein function and interaction in gene therapy studies is to have reliable monospecific detection reagents, particularly antibodies, for all human gene products. Thus, a reliable method that can optimize transfection efficiency based on not only expression of the target protein of interest but also the uptake of the nucleic acid plasmid, can be an important tool in molecular biology. Here, we present a simple, rapid and robust flow cytometric method that can be used as a tool to optimize transfection efficiency at the single cell level while overcoming limitations of prior established methods that quantify transfection efficiency. By using optimized ratios of transfection reagent and a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) vector directly labeled with a fluorochrome, this method can be used as a tool to simultaneously quantify cellular toxicity of different transfection reagents, the amount of nucleic acid plasmid that cells have taken up during transfection as well as the amount of the encoded expressed protein. Finally, we demonstrate that this method is reproducible, can be standardized and can reliably and rapidly quantify transfection efficiency, reducing assay costs and increasing throughput while increasing data robustness.
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9
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Bustamante López SC, Meissner KE. Characterization of carrier erythrocytes for biosensing applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:91510. [PMID: 28384789 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.9.091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocyte abundance, mobility, and carrying capacity make them attractive as a platform for blood analyte sensing as well as for drug delivery. Sensor-loaded erythrocytes, dubbed erythrosensors, could be reinfused into the bloodstream, excited noninvasively through the skin, and used to provide measurement of analyte levels in the bloodstream. Several techniques to load erythrocytes, thus creating carrier erythrocytes, exist. However, their cellular characteristics remain largely unstudied. Changes in cellular characteristics lead to removal from the bloodstream. We hypothesize that erythrosensors need to maintain native erythrocytes’ (NEs) characteristics to serve as a long-term sensing platform. Here, we investigate two loading techniques and the properties of the resulting erythrosensors. For loading, hypotonic dilution requires a hypotonic solution while electroporation relies on electrical pulses to perforate the erythrocyte membrane. We analyze the resulting erythrosensor signal, size, morphology, and hemoglobin content. Although the resulting erythrosensors exhibit morphological changes, their size was comparable with NEs. The hypotonic dilution technique was found to load erythrosensors much more efficiently than electroporation, and the sensors were loaded throughout the volume of the erythrosensors. Finally, both techniques resulted in significant loss of hemoglobin. This study points to the need for continued development of loading techniques that better preserve NE characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Bustamante López
- Texas A&M University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Kenith E Meissner
- Texas A&M University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United StatesbSwansea University, Department of Physics, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
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10
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Ho Y, Zhou L, Tam KC, Too H. Enhanced non-viral gene delivery by coordinated endosomal release and inhibition of β-tubulin deactylase. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e38. [PMID: 27899629 PMCID: PMC5389648 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient non-viral gene delivery is highly desirable but often unattainable with some cell-types. We report here that non-viral DNA polyplexes can efficiently transfect differentiated neuronal and stem cells. Polyplex transfection centrifugation protocols was enhanced by including a simultaneous treatment with a DOPE/CHEMS lipid suspension and a microtubule inhibitor, Tubastatin A. Lipoplex transfection protocols were not improved by this treatment. This mechanism of action was unravelled by systematically identifying and rationally mitigating barriers limiting high transfection efficiency, allowing unexpected improvements in the transfection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), primary neuron and several hard-to-transfect cell types beyond what are currently achievable using cationic polymers. The optimized formulation and method achieved high transfection efficiency with no adverse effects on cell viability, cell proliferation or differentiation. High efficiency modification of MSC for cytokine overexpression, efficient generation of dopaminergic neuron using neural stem cells and enhanced genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 were demonstrated. In summary, this study described a cost-effective method for efficient, rapid and scalable workflow for ex vivo gene delivery using a myriad of nucleic acids including plasmid DNA, mRNA, siRNA and shRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Khei Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 138668 Singapore
| | - Li Han Zhou
- MiRXES, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos 03-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Kam C. Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Heng Phon Too
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 138668 Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
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11
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Burns JM, Saager R, Majaron B, Jia W, Anvari B. Optical properties of biomimetic probes engineered from erythrocytes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:035101. [PMID: 27966473 PMCID: PMC5189990 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/3/035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-activated theranostic materials offer a potential platform for optical imaging and phototherapeutic applications. We have engineered constructs derived from erythrocytes, which can be doped with the FDA-approved near infrared (NIR) chromophore, indocyanine green (ICG). We refer to these constructs as NIR erythrocyte-mimicking transducers (NETs). Herein, we investigated the effects of changing the NETs mean diameter from micron- (≈4 μm) to nano- (≈90 nm) scale, and the ICG concentration utilized in the fabrication of NETs from 5 to 20 μM on the resulting absorption and scattering characteristics of the NETs. Our approach consisted of integrating sphere-based measurements of light transmittance and reflectance, and subsequent utilization of these measurements in an inverse adding-doubling algorithm to estimate the absorption (μ a) and reduced scattering (μ s') coefficients of these NETs. For a given NETs diameter, values of μ a increased over the approximate spectral band of 630-860 nm with increasing ICG concentration. Micron-sized NETs produced the highest peak value of μ a when using ICG concentrations of 10 and 20 μM, and showed increased values of μ s' as compared to nano-sized NETs. Spectral profiles of μ s' for these NETs showed a trend consistent with Mie scattering behavior for spherical objects. For all NETs investigated, changing the ICG concentration minimally affected the scattering characteristics. A Monte Carlo-based model of light distribution showed that the presence of these NETs enhanced the fluence levels within simulated blood vessels. These results provide important data towards determining the appropriate light dosimetry parameters for an intended light-based biomedical application of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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12
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Meng Z, Bustamante Lopez SC, Meissner KE, Yakovlev VV. Subcellular measurements of mechanical and chemical properties using dual Raman-Brillouin microspectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:201-7. [PMID: 26929086 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microspectroscopy is a powerful technique for noninvasive optical imaging. In particular, Brillouin microspectroscopy uniquely allows assessing a sample's mechanical properties with microscopic spatial resolution. Recent advances in background-free Brillouin microspectroscopy make it possible to image scattering samples without substantial degradation of the data quality. However, measurements at the cellular- and subcellular-level have never been performed to date due to the limited signal strength. In this report, by adopting our recently optimized VIPA-based Brillouin spectrometer, we probed the microscopic viscoelasticity of individual red blood cells. These measurements were supplemented by chemically specific measurements using Raman microspectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA.
| | | | - Kenith E Meissner
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Vladislav V Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
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Morabito R, Romano O, La Spada G, Marino A. H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress Affects SO4= Transport in Human Erythrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146485. [PMID: 26745155 PMCID: PMC4712827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to verify the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on SO4= uptake through Band 3 protein, responsible for Cl-/HCO3- as well as for cell membrane deformability, due to its cross link with cytoskeletal proteins. The role of cytoplasmic proteins binding to Band 3 protein has been also considered by assaying H2O2 effects on hemoglobin-free resealed ghosts of erythrocytes. Oxidative conditions were induced by 30 min exposure of human erythrocytes to different H2O2 concentrations (10 to 300 μM), with or without GSH (glutathione, 2 mM) or curcumin (10 μM), compounds with proved antioxidant properties. Since SO4= influx through Band 3 protein is slower and better controllable than Cl- or HCO3- exchange, the rate constant for SO4= uptake was measured to prove anion transport efficiency, while MDA (malondialdehyde) levels and -SH groups were estimated to quantify the effect of oxidative stress. H2O2 induced a significant decrease in rate constant for SO4= uptake at both 100 and 300 μM H2O2. This reduction, observed in erythrocytes but not in resealed ghosts and associated to increase in neither MDA levels nor in -SH groups, was impaired by both curcumin and GSH, whereas only curcumin effectively restored H2O2-induced changes in erythrocytes shape. Our results show that: i) 30 min exposure to 300 μM H2O2 reduced SO4= uptake in human erythrocytes; ii) oxidative damage was revealed by the reduction in rate constant for SO4= uptake, but not by MDA or -SH groups levels; iii) the damage was produced via cytoplasmic components which cross link with Band 3 protein; iv) the natural antioxidant curcumin may be useful in protecting erythrocytes from oxidative injury; v) SO4= uptake through Band 3 protein may be reasonably suggested as a tool to monitor erythrocytes function under oxidative conditions possibly deriving from alcohol consumption, use of drugs, radiographic contrast media administration, hyperglicemia or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Morabito
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppa La Spada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Tan S, Wu T, Zhang D, Zhang Z. Cell or cell membrane-based drug delivery systems. Theranostics 2015; 5:863-81. [PMID: 26000058 PMCID: PMC4440443 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural cells have been explored as drug carriers for a long period. They have received growing interest as a promising drug delivery system (DDS) until recently along with the development of biology and medical science. The synthetic materials, either organic or inorganic, are found to be with more or less immunogenicity and/or toxicity. The cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are endogenous and thought to be much safer and friendlier. Furthermore, in view of their host attributes, they may achieve different biological effects and/or targeting specificity, which can meet the needs of personalized medicine as the next generation of DDS. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in cell or cell membrane-based DDS and their fabrication processes, unique properties and applications, including the whole cells, EVs and cell membrane coated nanoparticles. We expect the continuing development of this cell or cell membrane-based DDS will promote their clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Tan
- 1. Tongji School of Pharmacy
- 2. National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- 3. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel DDS, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P R China
| | | | | | - Zhiping Zhang
- 1. Tongji School of Pharmacy
- 2. National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine
- 3. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel DDS, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P R China
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Erythrocyte-derived photo-theranostic agents: hybrid nano-vesicles containing indocyanine green for near infrared imaging and therapeutic applications. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2180. [PMID: 23846447 PMCID: PMC3709166 DOI: 10.1038/srep02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of theranostic nano-constructs may enable diagnosis and treatment of diseases at high spatial resolution. Some key requirements for clinical translation of such constructs are that they must be non-toxic, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, with extended circulating lifetime. Cell-based structures, particularly those derived from erythrocytes, are promising candidate carrier systems to satisfy these requirements. One particular type of theranostic materials utilize light-sensitive agents that once photo-activated can provide diagnostic imaging capability, and elicit therapeutic effects. Here we demonstrate the first successful engineering of hybrid nano-scale constructs derived from membranes of hemoglobin-depleted erythrocytes that encapsulate the near infrared chromophore, indocyanine green. We show the utility of the constructs as photo-theranostic agents in fluorescence imaging and photothermal destruction of human cells. These erythrocyte-mimicking nano-structures can be derived autologously, and may have broad applications in personal nanomedicine ranging from imaging and photo-destruction of cancerous tissues to vascular abnormalities, and longitudinal evaluations of therapeutic interventions.
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Venning FA, Trempenau ML, Schmidt E, Claesson MH. Enteroantigen (eAg)-binding B lymphocytes in the mouse - phenotype, distribution, function and eAg-specific antibody secretion. APMIS 2013; 122:616-27. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freja Albjerg Venning
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; The Panum Institute; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mette Louise Trempenau
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; The Panum Institute; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Esben Schmidt
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; The Panum Institute; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mogens Helweg Claesson
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; The Panum Institute; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Yuan W, Lu Z, Li CM. Charged drug delivery by ultrafast exponentially grown weak polyelectrolyte multilayers: amphoteric properties, ultrahigh loading capacity and pH-responsiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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