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Allakhverdiev ES, Kossalbayev BD, Sadvakasova AK, Bauenova MO, Belkozhayev AM, Rodnenkov OV, Martynyuk TV, Maksimov GV, Allakhverdiev SI. Spectral insights: Navigating the frontiers of biomedical and microbiological exploration with Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112870. [PMID: 38368635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS), a powerful analytical technique, has gained increasing recognition and utility in the fields of biomedical and biological research. Raman spectroscopic analyses find extensive application in the field of medicine and are employed for intricate research endeavors and diagnostic purposes. Consequently, it enjoys broad utilization within the realm of biological research, facilitating the identification of cellular classifications, metabolite profiling within the cellular milieu, and the assessment of pigment constituents within microalgae. This article also explores the multifaceted role of RS in these domains, highlighting its distinct advantages, acknowledging its limitations, and proposing strategies for enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S Allakhverdiev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Bekzhan D Kossalbayev
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308 Tianjin, China; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan
| | - Asemgul K Sadvakasova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert O Bauenova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaz M Belkozhayev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleg V Rodnenkov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Tamila V Martynyuk
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Georgy V Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sasaki R, Toda S, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Shigeto S. Simultaneous Imaging and Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, and Microcrystalline Guanine in Single Aurantiochytrium limacinum Cells with Linear and Nonlinear Raman Microspectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2708-2718. [PMID: 36920390 PMCID: PMC10068736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic marine protists known for their high production capacity of various compounds with health benefits, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids. Although much effort has been focused on developing optimal cultivation methods for efficient microbial production, these high-value compounds and their interrelationships are not well understood at the single-cell level. Here we used spontaneous (linear) Raman and multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy to visualize and characterize lipids (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid) and carotenoids (e.g., astaxanthin) accumulated in single living Aurantiochytrium limacinum cells. Spontaneous Raman imaging with the help of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares enabled us to make unambiguous assignments of the molecular components we detected and derive their intracellular distributions separately. Near-IR excited CARS imaging yielded the Raman images at least an order of magnitude faster than spontaneous Raman imaging, with suppressed contributions of carotenoids. As the culture time increased from 2 to 5 days, the lipid amount increased by a factor of ∼7, whereas the carotenoid amount did not change significantly. Furthermore, we observed a highly localized component in A. limacinum cells. This component was found to be mixed crystals of guanine and other purine derivatives. The present study demonstrates the potential of the linear-nonlinear Raman hybrid approach that allows for accurate molecular identification and fast imaging in a label-free manner to link information derived from single cells with strategies for mass culture of useful thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Shogo Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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Allakhverdiev ES, Khabatova VV, Kossalbayev BD, Zadneprovskaya EV, Rodnenkov OV, Martynyuk TV, Maksimov GV, Alwasel S, Tomo T, Allakhverdiev SI. Raman Spectroscopy and Its Modifications Applied to Biological and Medical Research. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030386. [PMID: 35159196 PMCID: PMC8834270 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an interest in biomedical and nanobiotechnological studies, such as studies on carotenoids as antioxidants and studies on molecular markers for cardiovascular, endocrine, and oncological diseases. Moreover, interest in industrial production of microalgal biomass for biofuels and bioproducts has stimulated studies on microalgal physiology and mechanisms of synthesis and accumulation of valuable biomolecules in algal cells. Biomolecules such as neutral lipids and carotenoids are being actively explored by the biotechnology community. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has become an important tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level in medicine and biotechnology. This review provides a brief analysis of existing studies on the application of RS for investigation of biological, medical, analytical, photosynthetic, and algal research, particularly to understand how the technique can be used for lipids, carotenoids, and cellular research. First, the review article shows the main applications of the modified Raman spectroscopy in medicine and biotechnology. Research works in the field of medicine and biotechnology are analysed in terms of showing the common connections of some studies as caretenoids and lipids. Second, this article summarises some of the recent advances in Raman microspectroscopy applications in areas related to microalgal detection. Strategies based on Raman spectroscopy provide potential for biochemical-composition analysis and imaging of living microalgal cells, in situ and in vivo. Finally, current approaches used in the papers presented show the advantages, perspectives, and other essential specifics of the method applied to plants and other species/objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S. Allakhverdiev
- Russian National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.A.); (O.V.R.); (T.V.M.)
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Venera V. Khabatova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.V.Z.)
| | - Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev
- Geology and Oil-gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Satpaeva, 22, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena V. Zadneprovskaya
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.V.Z.)
| | - Oleg V. Rodnenkov
- Russian National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.A.); (O.V.R.); (T.V.M.)
| | - Tamila V. Martynyuk
- Russian National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya St., 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.A.); (O.V.R.); (T.V.M.)
| | - Georgy V. Maksimov
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Physical Materials Science, Technological University “MISiS”, Leninskiy Prospekt 4, Office 626, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan;
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.K.); (E.V.Z.)
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Study on the Visualization of Pigment in Haematococcus pluvialis by Raman Spectroscopy Technique. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12097. [PMID: 31431631 PMCID: PMC6702176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ideal raw material for the production of astaxanthin, H. pluvialis was drawing attention during the last few years, there are some research topics initiated to find out the synthetic pathway of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. In this study, confocal microscopic Raman technology was utilized to analyze the point-by-point mapping for H. pluvialis, and the visualization of pigment such as carotenoid and astaxanthin content were achieved. By comparing the Raman spectra of H. pluvialis and standard product of astaxanthin, and using the C = C stretching vibration of the Raman intensity as the main indicator for carotenoids, the visual spatial distribution for the carotenoids content was obtained. The MCR-ALS was applied to analyze the Raman data of H. pluvialis, and the information of astaxanthin was extracted to achieve real-time spatial distribution. The visualization of astaxanthin content shows that MCR-ALS is very effective for extracting the information of astaxanthin content from H. pluvialis. By exploring the spatial distribution of carotenoids and astaxanthin contents, analyzing the spatial distribution rules during its growth, Raman spectroscopy technology can be utilized to investigate the internal components of the pigment (ataxanthin, etc.) in H. pluvialis, which make it as an effective methodology to monitor the accumulation and changing mechanism of pigment content in microalgae.
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Humidity-tolerant rate-dependent capillary viscous adhesion of bee-collected pollen fluids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1379. [PMID: 30914654 PMCID: PMC6435648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a two-phase adhesive fluid recovered from pollen, which displays remarkable rate tunability and humidity stabilization at microscopic and macroscopic scales. These natural materials provide a previously-unknown model for bioinspired humidity-stable and dynamically-tunable adhesive materials. In particular, two immiscible liquid phases are identified in bioadhesive fluid extracted from dandelion pollen taken from honey bees: a sugary adhesive aqueous phase similar to bee nectar and an oily phase consistent with plant pollenkitt. Here we show that the aqueous phase exhibits a rate-dependent capillary adhesion attributed to hydrodynamic forces above a critical separation rate. However, the performance of this adhesive phase alone is very sensitive to humidity due to water loss or uptake. Interestingly, the oily phase contributes scarcely to the wet adhesion. Rather, it spreads over the aqueous phase and functions as a barrier to water vapor that tempers the effects of humidity changes and stabilizes the capillary adhesion.
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He S, Fang S, Xie W, Zhang P, Li Z, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Guo J, Du C, Du J, Wang D. Assessment of physiological responses and growth phases of different microalgae under environmental changes by Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:287-294. [PMID: 29945111 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The assessment for cell physiology and growth phases of microalgae plays important roles in ecological and environmental fields since it can be used to forecast water eutrophication level worldwidely. Herein, growth phases and environmental conditions of microalgae were assessed by combining resonance Raman mapping spectroscopy with multivariate analysis methods. And, primary Raman characteristic peaks of microalgae were mined with two-dimensional synchronous spectra. Thereafter, algal growth phases and environmental conditions of microalgae were preliminary classified with different tendencies of characteristic Raman peaks by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) methods. Our results demonstrated that resonance Raman mapping spectroscopy with PCA and SVM classification models can be used to assess algal growth phases and preliminary predict environmental conditions with characteristic Raman spectra of microalgae in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan He
- Physics Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China.
| | - Shaoxi Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China
| | - Wanyi Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China
| | - Daming Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China
| | - Zhiyou Zhang
- Physics Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Chunlei Du
- Physics Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China
| | - Jinglei Du
- Physics Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, PR China.
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Yang K, Zheng S, Wu Y, Ye P, Huang K, Hao Q, Zeng H. Low-repetition-rate all-fiber integrated optical parametric oscillator for coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17519-17528. [PMID: 30119563 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
All-fiber optical parametric oscillator (OPO), offering advantages like robustness, compactness and low lost, has attracted intense interest in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy. In typical fiber-based OPO configurations, detrimental nonlinear effects due to intense pump field in fiber coupling devices would inevitably degrade the spectral purity and conversion efficiency, especially when the OPO operated at low repetition rates. Here we demonstrated a new OPO design by placing the main amplifier inside the cavity, where the amplified pump pulses were directly coupled into the nonlinear fiber. Consequently, lower threshold, higher output power and narrower spectrum were obtained. In particular, effective suppression of spectral noise was experimentally observed, resulting in threshold reductions of 37.5%, 17.2%, and 5.2% with a comparison to a conventional OPO operating at repetition rates of 1, 2 and 3 MHz, respectively. Furthermore, the generated synchronized two-color laser sources at a low repetition rate were then employed to detect CH vibrational bands in an ethanol sample. This spectral tailored cavity design is expected to greatly promote the spread of compact all-fiber laser source to nonlinear biomedical imaging.
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Legesse FB, Rüger J, Meyer T, Krafft C, Schmitt M, Popp J. Investigation of Microalgal Carotenoid Content Using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy and Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1048-1055. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fisseha Bekele Legesse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.v.; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jan Rüger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.v.; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.v.; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.v.; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics; Friedrich-Schiller University Jena; Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.v.; Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
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Zachleder V, Vítová M, Hlavová M, Moudříková Š, Mojzeš P, Heumann H, Becher JR, Bišová K. Stable isotope compounds - production, detection, and application. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:784-797. [PMID: 29355599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotopes are used in wide fields of application from natural tracers in biology, geology and archeology through studies of metabolic fluxes to their application as tracers in quantitative proteomics and structural biology. We review the use of stable isotopes of biogenic elements (H, C, N, O, S, Mg, Se) with the emphasis on hydrogen and its heavy isotope deuterium. We will discuss the limitations of enriching various compounds in stable isotopes when produced in living organisms. Finally, we overview methods for measuring stable isotopes, focusing on methods for detection in single cells in situ and their exploitation in modern biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilém Zachleder
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, CZ-379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vítová
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, CZ-379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Hlavová
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, CZ-379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Moudříková
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Kateřina Bišová
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, CZ-379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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10
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Shao Y, Fang H, Zhou H, Wang Q, Zhu Y, He Y. Detection and imaging of lipids of Scenedesmus obliquus based on confocal Raman microspectroscopy. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:300. [PMID: 29255483 PMCID: PMC5728014 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to detect lipids in microalgae rapidly and non-destructively. Microalgae cells were cultured under nitrogen deficiency. The accumulation of lipids in Scenedesmus obliquus was observed by Nile red staining, and the total amount of lipids accumulated in the cells was measured by gravimetric method. The signals from different microalgae cells were collected by confocal Raman microspectroscopy to establish a prediction model of intracellular lipid content, and surface scanning signals for drawing pseudo color images of lipids distribution. The images can show the location of pyrenoid and lipid accumulation in cells. Analyze Raman spectrum data and build PCA-LDA model using four different bands (full bands, pigments, lipids, and mixed features). Models of full bands or pigment characteristic bands were capable of identifying S. obliquus cells under different nitrogen stress culture time. The prediction accuracy of model of lipid characteristic bands is relatively low. The correlation between the fatty acid content measured by the gravimetric method and the integral Raman intensity of the oil characteristic peak (1445 cm-1) measured by Raman spectroscopy was analyzed. There was significant correlation (R2 = 0.83), which means that Raman spectroscopy is applicable to semi-quantitative detection of microalgal lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongni Shao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093 China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Podevin M, Fotidis IA, Angelidaki I. Microalgal process-monitoring based on high-selectivity spectroscopy tools: status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:704-718. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1398132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Podevin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis A. Fotidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Yang M, Fan Y, Wu PC, Chu YD, Shen PL, Xue S, Chi ZY. An Extended Approach to Quantify Triacylglycerol in Microalgae by Characteristic Fatty Acids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1949. [PMID: 29181015 PMCID: PMC5693890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a third generation biofuel feedstock due to their high triacylglycerol (TAG) content under adverse environmental conditions. Microalgal TAG resides in a single cell and serves as a lipid class mixed with complicated compositions. We previously showed that TAG possessed characteristic fatty acids (CFAs) for quantification and was linearly correlated with the relative abundance of CFA within certain limits in microalgae. Here, we defined the application range of the linear correlation between TAG and CFA in the oleaginous microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In addition, TAG quantification was further expanded to a wide range of levels and the absolute amounts of saturated or monounsaturated CFAs, 16:0 and 18:1n9 of C. reinhardtii and 16:0 and 16:1n7 of P. tricornutum, instead of polyunsaturated CFAs, were verified to be linearly correlated to TAG levels throughout the entire period of nitrogen stress. This approach utilizes a single fatty acid to quantify TAG mixtures, and is rapid, simple and precise, which provides a useful tool for monitoring TAG accumulation of distinct microalgal species and facilitating high-throughput mutant screening for microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Chun Wu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ya-Dong Chu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Pei-Li Shen
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Zhan-You Chi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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13
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Kim HS, Waqued SC, Nodurft DT, Devarenne TP, Yakovlev VV, Han A. Raman spectroscopy compatible PDMS droplet microfluidic culture and analysis platform towards on-chip lipidomics. Analyst 2017; 142:1054-1060. [PMID: 28294227 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids produced by microalgae are viewed as a potential renewable alternative to fossil fuels, however, significant improvements in productivity are required for microalgal biofuels to become economically feasible. Here we present a method that allows for the use of Raman spectroscopy with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) droplet microfluidic devices, which not only overcomes the high Raman background of PDMS, but also achieves pairing of the high-throughput single-cell resolution advantages of droplet microfluidics with the direct, chemically specific, label-free, and non-destructive nature of Raman spectroscopy. The platform was successfully utilized for in situ characterization of microalgal lipid production over time within droplets, paving the way towards high-throughput microalgal lipidomics assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Label-free in vivo analysis of intracellular lipid droplets in the oleaginous microalga Monoraphidium neglectum by coherent Raman scattering microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35340. [PMID: 27767024 PMCID: PMC5073319 DOI: 10.1038/srep35340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous photosynthetic microalgae hold great promise as non-food feedstocks for the sustainable production of bio-commodities. The algal lipid quality can be analysed by Raman micro-spectroscopy, and the lipid content can be imaged in vivo in a label-free and non-destructive manner by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. In this study, both techniques were applied to the oleaginous microalga Monoraphidium neglectum, a biotechnologically promising microalga resistant to commonly applied lipid staining techniques. The lipid-specific CARS signal was successfully separated from the interfering two-photon excited fluorescence of chlorophyll and for the first time, lipid droplet formation during nitrogen starvation could directly be analysed. We found that the neutral lipid content deduced from CARS image analysis strongly correlated with the neutral lipid content measured gravimetrically and furthermore, that the relative degree of unsaturation of fatty acids stored in lipid droplets remained similar. Interestingly, the lipid profile during cellular adaption to nitrogen starvation showed a two-phase characteristic with initially fatty acid recycling and subsequent de novo lipid synthesis. This works demonstrates the potential of quantitative CARS microscopy as a label-free lipid analysis technique for any microalgal species, which is highly relevant for future biotechnological applications and to elucidate the process of microalgal lipid accumulation.
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15
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Liu J, Huang Q. Screening of Astaxanthin-Hyperproducing Haematococcus pluvialis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman Microspectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1639-1648. [PMID: 27296305 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816645605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis has promising applications owing to its ability to accumulate astaxanthin under stress conditions. In order to acquire higher astaxanthin productivity from H. pluvialis, it is critical not only to develop efficient mutagenesis techniques, but also to establish rapid and effective screening methods which are highly demanded in current research and application practice. In this work, we therefore attempted to develop a new approach to screening the astaxanthin-hyperproducing strains based on spectroscopic tools. Using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman microspectroscopy, we have achieved rapid and quantitative analysis of the algal cells in terms of astaxanthin, β-carotene, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. In particular, we have found that the ratio of the IR absorption band at 1740 cm-1 to the band at 1156 cm-1 can be utilized for identifying astaxanthin-hyperproducing strains. This work may therefore open a new avenue for developing high-throughput screening methods necessary for the microbial mutant breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Liu
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Key Lab of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Key Lab of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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16
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Wakisaka Y, Suzuki Y, Iwata O, Nakashima A, Ito T, Hirose M, Domon R, Sugawara M, Tsumura N, Watarai H, Shimobaba T, Suzuki K, Goda K, Ozeki Y. Probing the metabolic heterogeneity of live Euglena gracilis with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16124. [DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Challagulla V, Nayar S, Walsh K, Fabbro L. Advances in techniques for assessment of microalgal lipids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:566-578. [PMID: 27417693 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1206058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a varied group of organisms with considerable commercial potential as sources of various biochemicals, storage molecules and metabolites such as lipids, sugars, amino acids, pigments and toxins. Algal lipids can be processed to bio-oils and biodiesel. The conventional method to estimate algal lipids is based on extraction using solvents and quantification by gravimetry or chromatography. Such methods are time consuming, use hazardous chemicals and are labor intensive. For rapid screening of prospective algae or for management decisions (e.g. decision on timing of harvest), a rapid, high throughput, reliable, accurate, cost effective and preferably nondestructive analytical technique is desirable. This manuscript reviews the application of fluorescent lipid soluble dyes (Nile Red and BODIPY 505/515), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the assessment of lipids in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineela Challagulla
- a School of Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , QLD , Australia
| | - Sasi Nayar
- b South Australian Research and Development Institute - Aquatic Sciences , West Beach , South Australia , Australia
| | - Kerry Walsh
- a School of Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , QLD , Australia
| | - Larelle Fabbro
- a School of Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , QLD , Australia
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18
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Jiang L, Xiong W, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Huang X, Li D, Baldacchini T, Jiang L, Lu Y. Performance comparison of acrylic and thiol-acrylic resins in two-photon polymerization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:13687-701. [PMID: 27410383 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.013687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfabrication by two-photon polymerization is investigated using resins based on thiol-ene chemistry. In particular, resins containing different amounts of a tetrafunctional acrylic monomer and a tetrafunctional thiol molecule are used to create complex microstructures. We observe the enhancement of several characteristics of two-photon polymerization when using thiol-acrylic resins. Specifically, microfabrication is carried out using higher writing velocities and it produces stronger polymeric microstructures. Furthermore, the amount of shrinkage typically observed in the production of three-dimensional microstructures is reduced also. By means of microspectrometry, we confirm that the thiol-acrylate mixture in TPP resins promote monomer conversion inducing a higher degree of cross-linked network formation.
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19
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Moudříková Š, Mojzeš P, Zachleder V, Pfaff C, Behrendt D, Nedbal L. Raman and fluorescence microscopy sensing energy-transducing and energy-storing structures in microalgae. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Huang X, Irmak S, Lu YF, Pipinos I, Casale G, Subbiah J. Spontaneous and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of human gastrocnemius muscle biopsies in CH-stretching region for discrimination of peripheral artery disease. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2766-2777. [PMID: 26309742 PMCID: PMC4541506 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis, characterized by lower leg ischemia and myopathy in association with leg dysfunction. In the present study, Spontaneous and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopic techniques in CH-stretching spectral region were evaluated for discriminating healthy and diseased tissues of human gastrocnemius biopsies of control and PAD patients. Since Raman signatures of the tissues in the fingerprint region are highly complex and CH containing moieties are dense, CH-stretching limited spectral range was used to classify the diseased tissues. A total of 181 Raman spectra from 9 patients and 122 CARS spectra from 12 patients were acquired. Due to the high dimensionality of the data in Raman and CARS measurements, principal component analysis (PCA) was first performed to reduce the dimensionality of the data (6 and 9 principal scores for Raman and CARS, respectively) in the CH-stretching region, followed by a discriminant function analysis (DFA) to classify the samples into different categories based on disease severity. The CH2 and CH3 vibrational signatures were observed in the Raman and CARS spectroscopy. Raman and CARS data in conjunction with PCA-DFA analysis were capable of differentiating healthy and PAD gastrocnemius with an accuracy of 85.6% and 78.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511, USA
| | - S. Irmak
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
| | - Y. F. Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511, USA
| | - I. Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5182, USA
| | - G. Casale
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5182, USA
| | - J. Subbiah
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
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21
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Lin YC, Perevedentseva E, Cheng CL. Raman spectroscopic study on the excystation process in a single unicellular organism amoeba (Acanthamoeba polyphaga). JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:51042. [PMID: 25928386 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo Raman spectroscopic study of amoeba (Acanthamoeba polyphaga) is presented. The changes of the spectra during the amoeba cyst activation and excystation are analyzed. The spectra show the changes of the relative intensities of bands corresponding to protein, lipid, and carotenoid components during cyst activation. The presence of carotenoids in the amoeba is observed via characteristic Raman bands. These signals in the Raman spectra are intense in cysts but decrease in intensity with cyst activation and exhibit a correlation with the life cycle of amoeba. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy for the detection of single amoeba microorganisms in vivo and for the analysis of the amoeba life activity. The information obtained may have implications for the estimation of epidemiological situations and for the diagnostics and prognosis of the development of amoebic inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Lin
- National Dong Hwa University, Department of Physics, 1, Sec. 2, Da-Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Elena Perevedentseva
- National Dong Hwa University, Department of Physics, 1, Sec. 2, Da-Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, TaiwanbP.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chia-Liang Cheng
- National Dong Hwa University, Department of Physics, 1, Sec. 2, Da-Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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22
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Cavonius L, Fink H, Kiskis J, Albers E, Undeland I, Enejder A. Imaging of lipids in microalgae with coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:603-16. [PMID: 25583924 PMCID: PMC4348760 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have great prospects as a sustainable resource of lipids for refinement into nutraceuticals and biodiesel, which increases the need for detailed insights into their intracellular lipid synthesis/storage mechanisms. As an alternative strategy to solvent- and label-based lipid quantification techniques, we introduce time-gated coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for monitoring lipid contents in living algae, despite strong autofluorescence from the chloroplasts, at approximately picogram and subcellular levels by probing inherent molecular vibrations. Intracellular lipid droplet synthesis was followed in Phaeodactylum tricornutum algae grown under (1) light/nutrient-replete (control [Ctrl]), (2) light-limited (LL), and (3) nitrogen-starved (NS) conditions. Good correlation (r(2) = 0.924) was found between lipid volume data yielded by CARS microscopy and total fatty acid content obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. In Ctrl and LL cells, micron-sized lipid droplets were found to increase in number throughout the growth phases, particularly in the stationary phase. During more excessive lipid accumulation, as observed in NS cells, promising commercial harvest as biofuels and nutritional lipids, several micron-sized droplets were present already initially during cultivation, which then fused into a single giant droplet toward stationary phase alongside with new droplets emerging. CARS microspectroscopy further indicated lower lipid fluidity in NS cells than in Ctrl and LL cells, potentially due to higher fatty acid saturation. This agreed with the fatty acid profiles gathered by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CARS microscopy could thus provide quantitative and semiqualitative data at the single-cell level along with important insights into lipid-accumulating mechanisms, here revealing two different modes for normal and excessive lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillie Cavonius
- Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Fink
- Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juris Kiskis
- Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Albers
- Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Enejder
- Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Li DW, Zhou YS, Huang X, Jiang L, Silvain JF, Lu YF. In situ imaging and control of layer-by-layer femtosecond laser thinning of graphene. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3651-3659. [PMID: 25641163 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although existing methods (chemical vapor deposition, mechanical exfoliation, etc.) are available to produce graphene, the lack of thickness control limits further graphene applications. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to precisely thin graphene films to a specific thickness using femtosecond (fs) laser raster scanning. By using appropriate laser fluence and scanning times, graphene thinning with an atomic layer precision, namely layer-by-layer graphene removal, has been realized. The fs laser used was configured in a four-wave mixing (FWM) system which can be used to distinguish graphene layer thickness and count the number of layers using the linear relationship between the FWM signal intensity and the graphene thickness. Furthermore, FWM imaging has been successfully applied to achieve in situ, real-time monitoring of the fs laser graphene thinning process. This method can not only realize the large-scale thinning of graphene with atomic layer precision, but also provide in situ, rapid imaging capability of graphene for an accurate assessment of the number of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511, USA.
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24
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Barlow AM, Slepkov AD, Ridsdale A, McGinn PJ, Stolow A. Label-free hyperspectral nonlinear optical microscopy of the biofuel micro-algae Haematococcus Pluvialis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3391-3402. [PMID: 25360358 PMCID: PMC4206310 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider multi-modal four-wave mixing microscopies to be ideal tools for the in vivo study of carotenoid distributions within the important biofuel microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. We show that hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy generates non-invasive, quantitative real-time concentrations maps of intracellular carotenoid distributions in live algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Barlow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
- Security & Disruptive Technologies, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Aaron D. Slepkov
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Trent University, Peterborough ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Ridsdale
- Security & Disruptive Technologies, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Patrick J. McGinn
- Algal Carbon Conversion Flagship Program, National Research Council, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
- Security & Disruptive Technologies, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa ON, Canada
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25
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Unravelling the matrix effect of fresh sampled cells for in vivo unbiased FTIR determination of the absolute concentration of total lipid content of microalgae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2175-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Huang X, He XN, Xiong W, Gao Y, Jiang LJ, Liu L, Zhou YS, Jiang L, Silvain JF, Lu YF. Contrast enhancement using silica microspheres in coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopic imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:2889-2896. [PMID: 24663581 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.002889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that can provide chemical information of organic and nonorganic materials through vibrational spectroscopy. However, its contrast is not sufficient for monitoring thin film materials. In this study, silica microspheres were employed for enhancing the signal contrast in CARS imaging. One layer of optically transparent silica microspheres was self-assembled onto polymer grating samples to enhance the CARS signals. The highest contrast enhancement factor of 12.5 was achieved using 6.1-μm-diameter microspheres. Finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) simulation was conducted to simulate the contrast enhancement with silica microspheres of different diameters.
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27
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Wei X, Jie D, Cuello JJ, Johnson DJ, Qiu Z, He Y. Microalgal detection by Raman microspectroscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H, Neuberger T. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of lipid in living plants. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:465-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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