1
|
Parakkel RR, Wong D, Li C, Cheong J, Nongpiur ME, Chong RS, Aung T, Schmetterer L, Liu X, Chua J. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Damage Assessment in Glaucomatous Eyes Using Retinal Retardance Measured by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38743409 PMCID: PMC11103739 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.5.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance and structure-function association of retinal retardance (RR), a customized metric measured by a prototype polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), across various stages of glaucoma. Methods This cross-sectional pilot study analyzed 170 eyes from 49 healthy individuals and 68 patients with glaucoma. The patients underwent PS-OCT imaging and conventional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), as well as visual field (VF) tests. Parameters including RR and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) were extracted from identical circumpapillary regions of the fundus. Glaucomatous eyes were categorized into early, moderate, or severe stages based on VF mean deviation (MD). The diagnostic performance of RR and RNFLT in discriminating glaucoma from controls was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Correlations among VF-MD, RR, and RNFLT were evaluated and compared within different groups of disease severity. Results The diagnostic performance of both RR and RNFLT was comparable for glaucoma detection (RR AUC = 0.98, RNFLT AUC = 0.97; P = 0.553). RR showed better structure-function association with VF-MD than RNFLT (RR VF-MD = 0.68, RNFLT VF-MD = 0.58; z = 1.99; P = 0.047) in glaucoma cases, especially in severe glaucoma, where the correlation between VF-MD and RR (r = 0.73) was significantly stronger than with RNFLT (r = 0.43, z = 1.96, P = 0.050). In eyes with early and moderate glaucoma, the structure-function association was similar when using RNFLT and RR. Conclusions RR and RNFLT have similar performance in glaucoma diagnosis. However, in patients with glaucoma especially severe glaucoma, RR showed a stronger correlation with VF test results. Further research is needed to validate RR as an indicator for severe glaucoma evaluation and to explore the benefits of using PS-OCT in clinical practice. Translational Relevance We demonstrated that PS-OCT has the potential to evaluate the status of RNFL structural damage in eyes with severe glaucoma, which is currently challenging in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damon Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Cheong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Monisha Esther Nongpiur
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Shujuan Chong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ohno-Matsui K, Igarashi-Yokoi T, Azuma T, Sugisawa K, Xiong J, Takahashi T, Uramoto K, Kamoi K, Okamoto M, Banerjee S, Yamanari M. Polarization-Sensitive OCT Imaging of Scleral Abnormalities in Eyes With High Myopia and Dome-Shaped Macula. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:310-319. [PMID: 38451488 PMCID: PMC10921350 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Importance The relevance of visualizing scleral fiber orientation may offer insights into the pathogenesis of pathologic myopia, including dome-shaped maculopathy (DSM). Objective To investigate the orientation and density of scleral collagen fibers in highly myopic eyes with and without DSM by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Design, Setting, and Participants This case series included patients with highly myopic eyes (defined as a refractive error ≥6 diopters or an axial length ≥26.5 mm) with and without a DSM examined at a single site in May and June 2019. Analysis was performed from September 2019 to October 2023. Exposures The PS-OCT was used to study the birefringence and optic axis of the scleral collagen fibers. Main Outcomes and Measures The orientation and optic axis of scleral fibers in inner and outer layers of highly myopic eyes were assessed, and the results were compared between eyes with and without a DSM. Results A total of 72 patients (51 [70.8%] female; mean [SD] age, 61.5 [12.8] years) were included, and 89 highly myopic eyes were examined (mean [SD] axial length, 30.4 [1.7] mm); 52 (58.4%) did not have a DSM and 37 (41.6%) had a DSM (10 bidirectional [27.0%] and 27 horizontal [73.0%]). Among the 52 eyes without DSM, the 13 eyes with simple high myopia had primarily inner sclera visible, displaying radially oriented fibers in optic axis images. In contrast, the entire thickness of the sclera was visible in 39 eyes with pathologic myopia. In these eyes, the optic axis images showed vertically oriented fibers within the outer sclera. Eyes presenting with both horizontal and bidirectional DSMs had clusters of fibers with low birefringence at the site of the DSM. In the optic axis images, horizontally or obliquely oriented scleral fibers were aggregated in the inner layer at the DSM. The vertical fibers located posterior to the inner fiber aggregation were not thickened and appeared thin compared with the surrounding areas. Conclusions and Relevance This study using PS-OCT revealed inner scleral fiber aggregation without outer scleral thickening at the site of the DSM in highly myopic eyes. Given the common occurrence of scleral pathologies, such as DSM, and staphylomas in eyes with pathologic myopia, recognizing these fiber patterns could be important. These insights may be relevant to developing targeted therapies to address scleral abnormalities early and, thus, mitigate potential damage to the overlying neural tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tae Igarashi-Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Sugisawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Uramoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koju Kamoi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Yamanari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen W, Wang H. OCTSharp: an open-source and real-time OCT imaging software based on C. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6060-6071. [PMID: 38021120 PMCID: PMC10659780 DOI: 10.1364/boe.505308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demands massive data processing and real-time displaying during high-speed imaging. Current OCT imaging software is predominantly based on C++, aiming to maximize performance through low-level hardware management. However, the steep learning curve of C++ hinders agile prototyping, particularly for research purposes. Moreover, manual memory management poses challenges for novice developers and may lead to potential security issues. To address these limitations, OCTSharp is developed as an open-source OCT software based on the memory-safe language C#. Within the managed C# environment, OCTSharp offers synchronized hardware control, minimal memory management, and GPU-based parallel processing. The software has been thoroughly tested and proven capable of supporting real-time image acquisition, processing, and visualization with spectral-domain OCT systems equipped with the latest advanced hardware. With these enhancements, OCTSharp is positioned to serve as an open-source platform tailored for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruiz-Lopera S, Restrepo R, Cannon TM, Villiger M, Bouma BE, Uribe-Patarroyo N. Computational refocusing in phase-unstable polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4765-4768. [PMID: 37707897 PMCID: PMC10871002 DOI: 10.1364/ol.499051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We present computational refocusing in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to improve spatial resolution in the calculated polarimetric parameters and extend the depth-of-field in phase-unstable, fiber-based PS-OCT systems. To achieve this, we successfully adapted short A-line range phase-stability adaptive optics (SHARP), a computational aberration correction technique compatible with phase-unstable systems, into a Stokes-based PS-OCT system with inter-A-line polarization modulation. Together with the spectral binning technique to mitigate system-induced chromatic polarization effects, we show that computational refocusing improves image quality in tissue polarimetry of swine eye anterior segment ex vivo with PS-OCT. The benefits, drawbacks, and potential applications of computational refocusing in anterior segment imaging are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Ruiz-Lopera
- Applied Optics Group, Universidad EAFIT, Carrera 49 # 7 Sur-50, Medellín, Colombia
- MIT Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - René Restrepo
- Applied Optics Group, Universidad EAFIT, Carrera 49 # 7 Sur-50, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Taylor M. Cannon
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Néstor Uribe-Patarroyo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nelson MS, Liu Y, Wilson HM, Li B, Rosado-Mendez IM, Rogers JD, Block WF, Eliceiri KW. Multiscale Label-Free Imaging of Fibrillar Collagen in the Tumor Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2614:187-235. [PMID: 36587127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2914-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in cancer therapeutics, there is a great need for improved imaging methods for characterizing cancer onset and progression in a quantitative and actionable way. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the tumor microenvironment (and the body in general), plays a multifaceted role, both hindering and promoting cancer invasion and progression. Collagen deposition can defend the tumor with immunosuppressive effects, while aligned collagen fiber structures can enable tumor cell migration, aiding invasion and metastasis. Given the complex role of collagen fiber organization and topology, imaging has been a tool of choice to characterize these changes on multiple spatial scales, from the organ and tumor scale to cellular and subcellular level. Macroscale density already aids in the detection and diagnosis of solid cancers, but progress is being made to integrate finer microscale features into the process. Here we review imaging modalities ranging from optical methods of second harmonic generation (SHG), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the medical imaging approaches of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods have enabled scientists and clinicians to better understand the impact collagen structure has on the tumor environment, at both the bulk scale (density) and microscale (fibrillar structure) levels. We focus on imaging methods with the potential to both examine the collagen structure in as natural a state as possible and still be clinically amenable, with an emphasis on label-free strategies, exploiting intrinsic optical properties of collagen fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nelson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helen M Wilson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivan M Rosado-Mendez
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Walter F Block
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cense B, Maddipatla R, Cervantes Lozano FJ, Joo C. Two concepts for ultra-high-resolution polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with a single camera. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:1295-1308. [PMID: 36215616 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.458631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two designs with a multiplexed superluminescent diode for ultra-high-resolution spectral-domain polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (UHR-PS-OCT) are introduced. In the first design, a Wollaston prism separates orthogonal polarization states next to each other on one linescan camera; the other design uses a beam displacer to separate orthogonal states onto two lines of a linescan camera with multiple rows of detectors. The coherence lengths measured with the two systems were 3.6 µm and 2.9 µm (n=1.38), respectively. Measurements were collected from the fovea of a healthy subject, a healthy subject with astigmatism, and a patient with central serous retinopathy (CSR). A single volumetric scan provides double pass retardance induced by the retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence (RNFL) and its birefringence, the cumulative double pass retardance induced by the Henle fiber layer, and the retardance that is induced by the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane complex. The high axial resolution in UHR-PS-OCT is particularly helpful for the measurements of thin retinal tissue, such as the RNFL in the fovea, where birefringence values of around 1°/µm were found. Tilting of the retina due to a CSR or by off centering the imaging beam in the pupil causes an artificial increase in the double pass retardance induced by the RNFL and Henle fiber layer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Adams DC, Majid A, Suter MJ. Polarization mode dispersion correction in endoscopic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with incoherent polarization input states. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3446-3460. [PMID: 35781955 PMCID: PMC9208610 DOI: 10.1364/boe.457790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of polarization sensitivity into optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) imaging can greatly enhance utility by allowing differentiation via intrinsic contrast of many types of tissue. In fiber-based OCT systems such as those employing endoscopic imaging probes, however, polarization mode dispersion (PMD) can significantly impact the ability to obtain accurate polarization data unless valuable axial resolution is sacrificed. In this work we present a new technique for compensating for PMD in endoscopic PS-OCT with minimal impact on axial resolution and without requiring mutually coherent polarization inputs, needing only a birefringent structure with known orientation in view (such as the catheter sheath). We then demonstrate the advantages of this technique by comparing it against the current state of the art approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Adams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adnan Majid
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Melissa J. Suter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hsiao TY, Ho YC, Lee SY, Sun CW. Degree of polarization uniformity for dental calculus visualization. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200011. [PMID: 35249264 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the treatment for periodontitis, the removal of dental calculus is essential. Previously, we have proposed the DAM algorithm for intuitive identification of the site of lesion, enabling the non-contact assessment during the operation. Nonetheless, the delineation of dental calculus was still imperfect. To this end, here we utilized the power of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and evaluated the contrast called degree of polarization uniformity for dental calculus visualization. The result showed that the selected index demonstrated excellent contrast of dental calculus from other normal dental hard tissues. The proposed contrast is promising for accurate dental calculus delineation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Ho
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Yuan Lee
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Yangming branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Sun
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Głowacki MJ, Kamińska AM, Gnyba M, Pluciński J, Strąkowski MR. The Optical Coherence Tomography and Raman Spectroscopy for Sensing of the Bone Demineralization Process. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6468. [PMID: 34640787 PMCID: PMC8512234 DOI: 10.3390/s21196468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The presented research was intended to seek new optical methods to investigate the demineralization process of bones. Optical examination of the bone condition could facilitate clinical trials and improve the safety of patients. The authors used a set of complementary methods: polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) and Raman spectroscopy. Chicken bone samples were used in this research. To stimulate in laboratory conditions the process of demineralization and gradual removal of the hydroxyapatite, the test samples of bones were placed into 10% acetic acid. Measurements were carried out in two series. The first one took two weeks with data acquired every day. In the second series, the measurements were made during one day at an hourly interval (after 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 24 h). The relation between the content of hydroxyapatite and images recorded using OCT was analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the polarization properties of the bones, including retardation angles of the bones, were evaluated. Raman measurement confirmed the disappearance of the hydroxyapatite and the speed of this process. This work presents the results of the preliminary study on the possibility of measuring changes in bone mineralization by means of the proposed methods and confirms their potential for practical use in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcin R. Strąkowski
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.J.G.); (A.M.K.); (M.G.); (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Comparison of Pulse Wave Signal Monitoring Techniques with Different Fiber-Optic Interferometric Sensing Elements. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulse wave (PW) measurement is a highly prominent technique, used in biomedical diagnostics. Development of novel PW sensors with increased accuracy and reduced susceptibility to motion artifacts will pave the way to more advanced healthcare technologies. This paper reports on a comparison of performance of fiber optic pulse wave sensors, based on Fabry–Perot interferometer, fiber Bragg grating, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and singlemode-multimode-singlemode intermodal interferometer. Their performance was tested in terms of signal to noise ratio, repeatability of demodulated signals and suitability of demodulated signals for extraction of information about direct and reflected waves. It was revealed that the OCT approach of PW monitoring provided the best demodulated signal quality and was most robust against motion artifacts. Advantages and drawbacks of all compared PW measurement approaches in terms of practical questions, such as multiplexing capabilities and abilities to be interrogated by portable hardware are discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Eliasy A, Lopes B, Abass A, Vinciguerra R, Vinciguerra P, Ambrósio R, Roberts CJ, Elsheikh A. Stress-Strain Index Map: A New Way to Represent Corneal Material Stiffness. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:640434. [PMID: 33777912 PMCID: PMC7991572 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.640434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To introduce a new method to map the mechanical stiffness of healthy and keratoconic corneas. Methods Numerical modeling based on the finite element method was used to carry out inverse analysis of simulated healthy and keratoconic corneas to determine the regional variation of mechanical stiffness across the corneal surface based on established trends in collagen fibril distribution. The Stress–Strain Index (SSI), developed and validated in an earlier study and presented as a parameter that can estimate the overall stress–strain behavior of corneal tissue, was adopted in this research as a measure of corneal stiffness. The regional variation of SSI across the corneal surface was estimated using inverse analysis while referring to the common features of collagen fibrils’ distribution obtained from earlier x-ray scattering studies. Additionally, for keratoconic corneas, a method relating keratoconic cone features and cornea’s refractive power to the reduction in collagen fibril density inside the cone was implemented in the development of SSI maps. In addition to the simulated cases, the study also included two keratoconus cases, for which SSI maps were developed. Results SSI values varied slightly across corneal surface in the simulated healthy eyes. In contrast, both simulated and clinical keratoconic corneas demonstrated substantial reductions in SSI values inside the cone. These SSI reductions depended on the extent of the disease and increased with more considerable simulated losses in fibril density in the cone area. SSI values and their regional variation showed little change with changes in IOP, corneal thickness, and curvature. Conclusion SSI maps provide an estimation of the regional variation of biomechanical stiffness across the corneal surface. The maps could be particularly useful in keratoconic corneas, demonstrating the dependence of corneal biomechanical behavior on the tissue’s microstructure and offering a tool to fundamentally understand the mechanics of keratoconus progression in individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashkan Eliasy
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Lopes
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Abass
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad, Egypt
| | - Riccardo Vinciguerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas San Pio X Hospital, Milan, Italy.,The School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Vinciguerra
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ambrósio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cynthia J Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed Elsheikh
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Q, Sampson DD, Villiger M. In vivo imaging of the depth-resolved optic axis of birefringence in human skin. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4919-4922. [PMID: 32870890 PMCID: PMC7535952 DOI: 10.1364/ol.400855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress has enabled the reconstruction of the local (i.e., depth-resolved) optic axis (OAx) of biological tissue from measurements made with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Here we demonstrate local OAx imaging in healthy human skin in vivo. The images reveal dense, weaving patterns that are imperceptible in OCT intensity tomograms or conventional PS-OCT metrics and that suggest a mesh-like tissue organization, consistent with the morphology of dermal collagen. Using co-registered polarization-sensitive optical coherence microscopy, we furthermore investigated the impact of spatial resolution on the recovered OAx patterns and confirmed their consistency. OAx orientation as a contrast mechanism merits further exploration for applications in dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Corresponding author:
| | - David D. Sampson
- Surrey Biophotonics, Advanced Technology Institute, School of Physics, and School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- These authors share senior authorship equally
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors share senior authorship equally
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karnowski K, Li Q, Poudyal A, Villiger M, Farah CS, Sampson DD. Influence of tissue fixation on depth-resolved birefringence of oral cavity tissue samples. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200071R. [PMID: 32914607 PMCID: PMC7481436 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.9.096003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE To advance our understanding of the contrast observed when imaging with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) and its correlation with oral cancerous pathologies, a detailed comparison with histology provided via ex vivo fixed tissue is required. The effects of tissue fixation, however, on such polarization-based contrast have not yet been investigated. AIM A study was performed to assess the impact of tissue fixation on depth-resolved (i.e., local) birefringence measured with PS-OCT. APPROACH A PS-OCT system based on depth-encoded polarization multiplexing and polarization-diverse detection was used to measure the Jones matrix of a sample. A wide variety of ex vivo samples were measured freshly after excision and 24 h after fixation, consistent with standard pathology. Some samples were also measured 48 h after fixation. RESULTS The tissue fixation does not diminish the birefringence contrast. Statistically significant changes were observed in 11 out of 12 samples; these changes represented an increase in contrast, overall, by 11% on average. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the fixed samples are suitable for studies seeking a deeper understanding of birefringence contrast in oral tissue pathology. The enhancement of contrast removes the need to image immediately postexcision and will facilitate future investigations with PS-OCT and other advanced polarization-sensitive microscopy methods, such as mapping of the local optic axis with PS-OCT and PS-optical coherence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Karnowski
- The University of Western Australia, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Qingyun Li
- The University of Western Australia, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anima Poudyal
- The University of Western Australia, UWA Dental School, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Villiger
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United Sates
| | - Camile S. Farah
- The University of Western Australia, UWA Dental School, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Oral, Maxillofacial, and Dental Surgery, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- University of Surrey, Surrey Biophotonics, School of Physics, Guilford, United Kingdom
- University of Surrey, Surrey Biophotonics, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guilford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nance ME, Ravanfar M, Messler M, Duan D, Yao G. Temporal dynamics of muscle optical properties during degeneration and regeneration in a canine muscle xenograft model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2383-2393. [PMID: 32499931 PMCID: PMC7249840 DOI: 10.1364/boe.390936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied time-dependent changes in muscle optical properties during degeneration and regeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT). Excised canine muscle transplants in a xenograft mouse model were imaged ex vivo from 3- to 112-day post-transplantation. PSOCT images were quantified to evaluate post-transplantation changes of three optical/structural properties: attenuation, birefringence and fiber alignment. The birefringence and fiber alignment decreased after transplantation until 20∼30-day and recovered thereafter. The attenuation coefficient showed a reversed trend over the same period of time. These results suggest that optical properties could be used for monitoring skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Nance
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Ravanfar
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Mark Messler
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou X, Eltit F, Yang X, Maloufi S, Alousaimi H, Liu Q, Huang L, Wang R, Tang S. Detecting human articular cartilage degeneration in its early stage with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2745-2760. [PMID: 32499957 DOI: 10.1364/boe.387242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Detecting articular cartilage (AC) degeneration in its early stage plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is sensitive to the alteration and disruption of collagen organization that happens during OA progression. This study proposes an effective OA evaluating method based on PS-OCT imaging. A slope-based analysis is applied on the phase retardation images to segment articular cartilage into three zones along the depth direction. The boundaries and birefringence coefficients (BRCs) of each zone are quantified. Two parameters, namely phase homogeneity index (PHI) and zonal distinguishability (Dz), are further developed to quantify the fluctuation within each zone and the zone-to-zone variation of the tissue birefringence properties. The PS-OCT based evaluating method then combines PHI and Dz to provide a G PS score for the severity of OA. The proposed method is applied to human hip joint samples and the results are compared with the grading by histology images. The G PS score shows very strong statistical significance in differentiating different stages of OA. Compared to using the BRC of each zone or a single BRC for the entire depth, the G PS score shows great improvement in differentiating early-stage OA. The proposed method is shown to have great potential to be developed as a clinical tool for detecting OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Felipe Eltit
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiao Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sina Maloufi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hanadi Alousaimi
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qihao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rizhi Wang
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|