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Xu S, Momin M, Ahmed S, Hossain A, Veeramuthu L, Pandiyan A, Kuo CC, Zhou T. Illuminating the Brain: Advances and Perspectives in Optoelectronics for Neural Activity Monitoring and Modulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303267. [PMID: 37726261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic modulation of brain neural activity that combines optical and electrical modes in a unitary neural system has recently gained robust momentum. Controlling illumination spatial coverage, designing light-activated modulators, and developing wireless light delivery and data transmission are crucial for maximizing the use of optical neuromodulation. To this end, biocompatible electrodes with enhanced optoelectrical performance, device integration for multiplexed addressing, wireless transmission, and multimodal operation in soft systems have been developed. This review provides an outlook for uniformly illuminating large brain areas while spatiotemporally imaging the neural responses upon optoelectrical stimulation with little artifacts. Representative concepts and important breakthroughs, such as head-mounted illumination, multiple implanted optical fibers, and micro-light-delivery devices, are discussed. Examples of techniques that incorporate electrophysiological monitoring and optoelectrical stimulation are presented. Challenges and perspectives are posed for further research efforts toward high-density optoelectrical neural interface modulation, with the potential for nonpharmacological neurological disease treatments and wireless optoelectrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Marzia Momin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Arafat Hossain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Republic of China
| | - Archana Pandiyan
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Karatum O, Han M, Erdogan ET, Karamursel S, Nizamoglu S. Physical mechanisms of emerging neuromodulation modalities. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:031001. [PMID: 37224804 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acd870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of neurostimulation field is to design materials, devices and systems that can simultaneously achieve safe, effective and tether-free operation. For that, understanding the working mechanisms and potential applicability of neurostimulation techniques is important to develop noninvasive, enhanced, and multi-modal control of neural activity. Here, we review direct and transduction-based neurostimulation techniques by discussing their interaction mechanisms with neurons via electrical, mechanical, and thermal means. We show how each technique targets modulation of specific ion channels (e.g. voltage-gated, mechanosensitive, heat-sensitive) by exploiting fundamental wave properties (e.g. interference) or engineering nanomaterial-based systems for efficient energy transduction. Overall, our review provides a detailed mechanistic understanding of neurostimulation techniques together with their applications toin vitro, in vivo, and translational studies to guide the researchers toward developing more advanced systems in terms of noninvasiveness, spatiotemporal resolution, and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuralp Karatum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mertcan Han
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Tuna Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sacit Karamursel
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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3
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Karatum O, Kaleli HN, Eren GO, Sahin A, Nizamoglu S. Electrical Stimulation of Neurons with Quantum Dots via Near-Infrared Light. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8233-8243. [PMID: 35499159 PMCID: PMC9134491 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic biointerfaces offer wireless and battery-free bioelectronic medicine via photomodulation of neurons. Near-infrared (NIR) light enables communication with neurons inside the deep tissue and application of high photon flux within the ocular safety limit of light exposure. For that, nonsilicon biointerfaces are highly demanded for thin and flexible operation. Here, we devised a flexible quantum dot (QD)-based photovoltaic biointerface that stimulates cells within the spectral tissue transparency window by using NIR light (λ = 780 nm). Integration of an ultrathin QD layer of 25 nm into a multilayered photovoltaic architecture enables transduction of NIR light to safe capacitive ionic currents that leads to reproducible action potentials on primary hippocampal neurons with high success rates. The biointerfaces exhibit low in vitro toxicity and robust photoelectrical performance under different stability tests. Our findings show that colloidal quantum dots can be used in wireless bioelectronic medicine for brain, heart, and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuralp Karatum
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Nur Kaleli
- Research
Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Guncem Ozgun Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Research
Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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4
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Karatum O, Aria MM, Eren GO, Yildiz E, Melikov R, Srivastava SB, Surme S, Dogru IB, Bahmani Jalali H, Ulgut B, Sahin A, Kavakli IH, Nizamoglu S. Nanoengineering InP Quantum Dot-Based Photoactive Biointerfaces for Optical Control of Neurons. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:652608. [PMID: 34248476 PMCID: PMC8260855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.652608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-activated biointerfaces provide a non-genetic route for effective control of neural activity. InP quantum dots (QDs) have a high potential for such biomedical applications due to their uniquely tunable electronic properties, photostability, toxic-heavy-metal-free content, heterostructuring, and solution-processing ability. However, the effect of QD nanostructure and biointerface architecture on the photoelectrical cellular interfacing remained unexplored. Here, we unravel the control of the photoelectrical response of InP QD-based biointerfaces via nanoengineering from QD to device-level. At QD level, thin ZnS shell growth (∼0.65 nm) enhances the current level of biointerfaces over an order of magnitude with respect to only InP core QDs. At device-level, band alignment engineering allows for the bidirectional photoelectrochemical current generation, which enables light-induced temporally precise and rapidly reversible action potential generation and hyperpolarization on primary hippocampal neurons. Our findings show that nanoengineering QD-based biointerfaces hold great promise for next-generation neurostimulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuralp Karatum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Guncem Ozgun Eren
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdost Yildiz
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rustamzhon Melikov
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Saliha Surme
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Itir Bakis Dogru
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Burak Ulgut
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Karatum O, Eren GO, Melikov R, Onal A, Ow-Yang CW, Sahin M, Nizamoglu S. Quantum dot and electron acceptor nano-heterojunction for photo-induced capacitive charge-transfer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2460. [PMID: 33510322 PMCID: PMC7843732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capacitive charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface is a biocompatible mechanism for the stimulation of neurons. Although quantum dots showed their potential for photostimulation device architectures, dominant photoelectrochemical charge transfer combined with heavy-metal content in such architectures hinders their safe use. In this study, we demonstrate heavy-metal-free quantum dot-based nano-heterojunction devices that generate capacitive photoresponse. For that, we formed a novel form of nano-heterojunctions using type-II InP/ZnO/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dot as the donor and a fullerene derivative of PCBM as the electron acceptor. The reduced electron–hole wavefunction overlap of 0.52 due to type-II band alignment of the quantum dot and the passivation of the trap states indicated by the high photoluminescence quantum yield of 70% led to the domination of photoinduced capacitive charge transfer at an optimum donor–acceptor ratio. This study paves the way toward safe and efficient nanoengineered quantum dot-based next-generation photostimulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuralp Karatum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guncem Ozgun Eren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rustamzhon Melikov
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asim Onal
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cleva W Ow-Yang
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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