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Balas M, Issa M, Popovic MM, Moayad L, Zajner C, Aponte PO, Hamli H, Yan P, Wright T, Melo IM, Muni RH. ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A Prospective Cohort Study. Retina 2024; 44:1115-1123. [PMID: 38478760 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000004088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and microscopic retinal and vascular alterations using adaptive optics imaging. METHODS In this single-center, prospective cohort study, adult participants with healthy eyes or DR underwent adaptive optics imaging. Participants were classified into control/mild nonproliferative DR, moderate/severe nonproliferative DR, and proliferative DR. Adaptive optics imaging using the RTX1 camera was obtained from 48 participants (87 eyes) for photoreceptor data and from 36 participants (62 eyes) for vascular data. RESULTS Photoreceptor parameters significantly differed between DR groups at 2° and 4° of retinal eccentricity. Wall-to-lumen ratio varied significantly at 2° eccentricity, while other vascular parameters remained nonsignificant. Cone density and dispersion were the strongest predictors for DR severity ( P < 0.001) in multivariable generalized estimating equation modeling, while other vascular parameters remained nonsignificant between DR severity groups. All photoreceptor parameters showed significant correlations with visual acuity overall and across most DR severity groups. CONCLUSION To date, this is one of the largest studies evaluating the use of adaptive optics imaging in DR. Adaptive optics imaging was demonstrated to differentiate between various levels of disease severity in DR. These results support the potential role in diagnostic and therapeutic microstructural evaluation in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Balas
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam Issa
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marko M Popovic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lana Moayad
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Zajner
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paola Oquendo Aponte
- Department of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Hesham Hamli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Kensington Eye Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Kensington Eye Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabela M Melo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Rajeev H Muni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Kensington Eye Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Martínez-Ojeda RM, Prieto-Bonete G, Perez-Cárceles MD, Bueno JM. Structural changes in the crystalline lens as a function of the postmortem interval assessed with two-photon imaging microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4318-4329. [PMID: 39022534 PMCID: PMC11249687 DOI: 10.1364/boe.524380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The properties and structure of the crystalline lens change as time after death passes. Some experiments have suggested that these might be used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). In this study, the organization and texture of the rabbit lens were objectively evaluated as a function of the PMI using two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging microscopy. Between 24 h and 72 h, the lens presented a highly organized structure, although the fiber delineation was progressively vanishing. At 96 h, this turned into a homogeneous pattern where fibers were hardly observed. This behaviour was similar for parameters providing information on tissue texture. On the other hand, the fiber density of the lens is linearly reduced with the PMI. On average, density at 24 h was approximately two-fold when compared to 96 h after death. The present results show that TPEF microscopy combined with different quantitative tools can be used to objectively monitor temporal changes in the lens fiber organization after death. This might help to estimate the PMI, which is one of the most complex problems in forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Martínez-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma Prieto-Bonete
- Servicio de Protección de la Naturaleza (SEPRONA), Guardia Civil, Ministerio del Interior, Spain
| | - María D. Perez-Cárceles
- Departamento de Medicina Legal y Forense, IMIB-Arrixaca, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Chen B, Zou J, Xie L, Cai Y, Li B, Tan W, Huang J, Li F, Xu H. WNT-inhibitory factor 1-mediated glycolysis protects photoreceptor cells in diabetic retinopathy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:245. [PMID: 38448948 PMCID: PMC10918886 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetic retinopathy (DR), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) induces oxidative stress by upregulating glycolysis. This process leads to neurodegeneration, particularly photoreceptor cell damage, which further contributes to retinal microvascular deterioration. Further, the regulation of Wnt-inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), a secreted Wnt signaling antagonist, has not been fully characterized in neurodegenerative eye diseases. We aimed to explore the impact of WIF1 on photoreceptor function within the context of DR. METHOD Twelve-week-old C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were intravitreally injected with WIF1 overexpression lentivirus. After 4 weeks, optical coherence tomography (OCT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H&E staining, and electroretinography (ERG) were used to assess the retinal tissue and function. The potential mechanism of action of WIF1 in photoreceptor cells was explored using single-cell RNA sequencing. Under high-glucose conditions, 661 W cells were used as an in vitro DR model. WIF1-mediated signaling pathway components were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR, immunostaining, and western blotting. RESULT Typical diabetic manifestations were observed in db/db mice. Notably, the expression of WIF1 was decreased at the mRNA and protein levels. These pathological manifestations and visual function improved after WIF1 overexpression in db/db mice. TEM demonstrated that WIF1 restored damaged mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and photoreceptor outer segments. Moreover, ERG indicated the recovery of a-wave potential amplitude. Single-cell RNA sequencing and in vitro experiments suggested that WIF1 overexpression prevented the expression of glycolytic enzymes and lactate production by inhibiting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, HIF-1α, and Glut1, thereby reducing retinal and cellular reactive oxygen species levels and maintaining 661 W cell viability. CONCLUSIONS WIF1 exerts an inhibitory effect on the Wnt/β-catenin-HIF-1α-Glut1 glycolytic pathway, thereby alleviating oxidative stress levels and mitigating pathological structural characteristics in retinal photoreceptor cells. This mechanism helps preserve the function of photoreceptor cells in DR and indicates that WIF1 holds promise as a potential therapeutic candidate for DR and other neurodegenerative ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lihui Xie
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yinjun Cai
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411199, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhaohao Huang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fangling Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huizhuo Xu
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, No 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Barua A, Beygi A, Hatzikirou H. Close to Optimal Cell Sensing Ensures the Robustness of Tissue Differentiation Process: The Avian Photoreceptor Mosaic Case. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23070867. [PMID: 34356408 PMCID: PMC8303396 DOI: 10.3390/e23070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The way that progenitor cell fate decisions and the associated environmental sensing are regulated to ensure the robustness of the spatial and temporal order in which cells are generated towards a fully differentiating tissue still remains elusive. Here, we investigate how cells regulate their sensing intensity and radius to guarantee the required thermodynamic robustness of a differentiated tissue. In particular, we are interested in finding the conditions where dedifferentiation at cell level is possible (microscopic reversibility), but tissue maintains its spatial order and differentiation integrity (macroscopic irreversibility). In order to tackle this, we exploit the recently postulated Least microEnvironmental Uncertainty Principle (LEUP) to develop a theory of stochastic thermodynamics for cell differentiation. To assess the predictive and explanatory power of our theory, we challenge it against the avian photoreceptor mosaic data. By calibrating a single parameter, the LEUP can predict the cone color spatial distribution in the avian retina and, at the same time, suggest that such a spatial pattern is associated with quasi-optimal cell sensing. By means of the stochastic thermodynamics formalism, we find out that thermodynamic robustness of differentiated tissues depends on cell metabolism and cell sensing properties. In turn, we calculate the limits of the cell sensing radius that ensure the robustness of differentiated tissue spatial order. Finally, we further constrain our model predictions to the avian photoreceptor mosaic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Barua
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alireza Beygi
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (A.B.)
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Tonade D, Kern TS. Photoreceptor cells and RPE contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 83:100919. [PMID: 33188897 PMCID: PMC8113320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. It has long been regarded as vascular disease, but work in the past years has shown abnormalities also in the neural retina. Unfortunately, research on the vascular and neural abnormalities have remained largely separate, instead of being integrated into a comprehensive view of DR that includes both the neural and vascular components. Recent evidence suggests that the most predominant neural cell in the retina (photoreceptors) and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) play an important role in the development of vascular lesions characteristic of DR. This review summarizes evidence that the outer retina is altered in diabetes, and that photoreceptors and RPE contribute to retinal vascular alterations in the early stages of the retinopathy. The possible molecular mechanisms by which cells of the outer retina might contribute to retinal vascular damage in diabetes also are discussed. Diabetes-induced alterations in the outer retina represent a novel therapeutic target to inhibit DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deoye Tonade
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Cleveland, OH, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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