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Wu X, Gao W, Qiu Z, Wang C. The wavenumber linearisation without calibration device for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38984663 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The wavenumber nonlinearity leads to blurred reconstructed images in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). In this work, a wavenumber-linearisation method without calibration devices is presented, based on the fact that the difference between the phases of adjacent peak and valley points is equal to π $\pi $ . The theoretical model is derived, and the efficacy of the method was proven by acquiring SDOCT data from TiO2 phantom and zebrafish. The results exhibit the superior performance of our method. Compared with the linear phase-based method, the resolution could be improved at least a factor of 2. Compared with the polynomial fitting method, the resolution could also be improved by nearly half.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupin Wu
- Department of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wanrong Gao
- Department of Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiu
- Department of Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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2
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Hu Y, Feng Y, Long X, Zheng D, Liu G, Lu Y, Ren Q, Huang Z. Megahertz multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system for whole eye imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3000-3017. [PMID: 38855668 PMCID: PMC11161356 DOI: 10.1364/boe.517757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-speed, wide-field OCT system for the imaging of anterior, posterior, and ocular biometers is crucial for obtaining comprehensive ocular parameters and quantifying ocular pathology size. Here, we demonstrate a multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system with a speed of up to 1 MHz for wide-field imaging of the retina and 50 kHz for anterior chamber and ocular biometric measurement. A spectrum correction algorithm is proposed to ensure the accurate pairing of adjacent A-lines and elevate the A-scan speed from 500 kHz to 1 MHz for retinal imaging. A registration method employing position feedback signals was introduced, reducing pixel offsets between forward and reverse galvanometer scanning by 2.3 times. Experimental validation on glass sheets and the human eye confirms feasibility and efficacy. Meanwhile, we propose a revised formula to determine the "true" fundus size using all-axial length parameters from different fields of view. The efficient algorithms and compact design enhance system compatibility with clinical requirements, showing promise for widespread commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yutao Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xing Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongye Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Gangjun Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yanye Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
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3
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Alexopoulos P, Madu C, Wollstein G, Schuman JS. The Development and Clinical Application of Innovative Optical Ophthalmic Imaging Techniques. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:891369. [PMID: 35847772 PMCID: PMC9279625 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.891369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of ophthalmic imaging has grown substantially over the last years. Massive improvements in image processing and computer hardware have allowed the emergence of multiple imaging techniques of the eye that can transform patient care. The purpose of this review is to describe the most recent advances in eye imaging and explain how new technologies and imaging methods can be utilized in a clinical setting. The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) was a revolution in eye imaging and has since become the standard of care for a plethora of conditions. Its most recent iterations, OCT angiography, and visible light OCT, as well as imaging modalities, such as fluorescent lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, would allow a more thorough evaluation of patients and provide additional information on disease processes. Toward that goal, the application of adaptive optics (AO) and full-field scanning to a variety of eye imaging techniques has further allowed the histologic study of single cells in the retina and anterior segment. Toward the goal of remote eye care and more accessible eye imaging, methods such as handheld OCT devices and imaging through smartphones, have emerged. Finally, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in eye images has the potential to become a new milestone for eye imaging while also contributing in social aspects of eye care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaiologos Alexopoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chisom Madu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts & Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts & Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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4
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McLean JP, Hendon CP. 3-D compressed sensing optical coherence tomography using predictive coding. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2531-2549. [PMID: 33996246 PMCID: PMC8086477 DOI: 10.1364/boe.421848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a compressed sensing (CS) algorithm and sampling strategy for reconstructing 3-D Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image volumes from as little as 10% of the original data. Reconstruction using the proposed method, Denoising Predictive Coding (DN-PC), is demonstrated for five clinically relevant tissue types including human heart, retina, uterus, breast, and bovine ligament. DN-PC reconstructs the difference between adjacent b-scans in a volume and iteratively applies Gaussian filtering to improve image sparsity. An a-line sampling strategy was developed that can be easily implemented in existing Spectral-Domain OCT systems and reduce scan time by up to 90%.
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Han S, Wijesinghe RE, Jeon D, Han Y, Lee J, Lee J, Jo H, Lee DE, Jeon M, Kim J. Optical Interferometric Fringe Pattern-Incorporated Spectrum Calibration Technique for Enhanced Sensitivity of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20072067. [PMID: 32272646 PMCID: PMC7181120 DOI: 10.3390/s20072067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Depth-visualizing sensitivity can be degraded due to imperfect optical alignment and non-equidistant distribution of optical signals in the pixel array, which requires a measurement of the re-sampling process. To enhance this depth-visualizing sensitivity, reference and sample arm-channeled spectra corresponding to different depths using mirrors were obtained to calibrate the spectrum sampling prior to Fourier transformation. During the process, eight interferogram patterns corresponding to point spread function (PSF) signals at eight optical path length differences were acquired. To calibrate the spectrum, generated intensity points of the original interferogram were re-indexed towards a maximum intensity range, and these interferogram re-indexing points were employed to generate a new lookup table. The entire software-based process consists of eight consecutive steps. Experimental results revealed that the proposed method can achieve images with a high depth-visualizing sensitivity. Furthermore, the results validate the proposed method as a rapidly performable spectral calibration technique, and the real-time images acquired using our technique confirm the simplicity and applicability of the method to existing optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. The sensitivity roll-off prior to the spectral calibration was measured as 28 dB and it was halved after the calibration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeob Han
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.H.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyungil University, 50, Gamasil-gil, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38428, Korea;
- Department of Autonomous Robot Engineering, College of Smart Engineering, Kyungil University, 50, Gamasil-gil, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38428, Korea
| | - Deokmin Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.H.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Nuclear Energy Convergence, Kyungil University, 50, Gamasil-gil, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38428, Korea;
| | - Jaeyul Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.H.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Junsoo Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.H.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Hosung Jo
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.H.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-E.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.H.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.-E.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.H.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.K.)
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Numerical-Sampling-Functionalized Real-Time Index Regulation for Direct k-Domain Calibration in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. ELECTRONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics7090182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An index-regulation technique functionalized by numerical sampling for direct calibration of the non-linear wavenumber (k)-domain to a linear domain in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is proposed. The objective of the developed method is to facilitate high-resolution identification of microstructures in biomedical imaging. Subjective optical alignments caused by nonlinear sampling of interferograms in the k-domain tend to hinder depth-dependent signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and axial resolution in SD-OCT. Moreover, the optical-laser-dependent k-domain requires constant recalibrated in accordance with each laser transition, thereby necessitating either hardware or heavy software compensations. As the key feature of the proposed method, a relatively simple software-based k-domain mask calibration technique was developed to enable real-time linear sampling of k-domain interpolations whilst facilitating image observation through use of an index-regulation technique. Moreover, it has been confirmed that dispersion can be simultaneously compensated with noise residuals generated using the proposed technique, and that use of complex numerical or hardware techniques are no longer required. Observed results, such as fall-off, SNR, and axial resolution clearly exhibit the direct impact of the proposed technique, which could help investigators rapidly achieve optical-laser-independent high-quality SD-OCT images.
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Xu D, Huang Y, Kang JU. Volumetric (3D) compressive sensing spectral domain optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3921-34. [PMID: 25426320 PMCID: PMC4242027 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a novel three-dimensional compressive sensing (CS) approach for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) volumetric image acquisition and reconstruction. Instead of taking a spectral volume whose size is the same as that of the volumetric image, our method uses a sub set of the original spectral volume that is under-sampled in all three dimensions, which reduces the amount of spectral measurements to less than 20% of that required by the Shan-non/Nyquist theory. The 3D image is recovered from the under-sampled spectral data dimension-by-dimension using the proposed three-step CS reconstruction strategy. Experimental results show that our method can significantly reduce the sampling rate required for a volumetric SD OCT image while preserving the image quality.
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8
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Xu D, Huang Y, Kang JU. Real-time dispersion-compensated image reconstruction for compressive sensing spectral domain optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2014; 31:2064-9. [PMID: 25401447 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel dispersion compensation method that enables real-time compressive sensing (CS) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) image reconstruction. We show that dispersion compensation can be incorporated into CS SD OCT by multiplying the dispersion-correcting terms by the undersampled spectral data before CS reconstruction. High-quality SD OCT imaging with dispersion compensation was demonstrated at a speed in excess of 70 frames per s using 40% of the spectral measurements required by the well-known Shannon/Nyquist theory. The data processing and image display were performed on a conventional workstation having three graphics processing units.
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Xu D, Huang Y, Kang JU. GPU-accelerated non-uniform fast Fourier transform-based compressive sensing spectral domain optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:14871-84. [PMID: 24977582 PMCID: PMC4083058 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.014871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We implemented the graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated compressive sensing (CS) non-uniform in k-space spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). Kaiser-Bessel (KB) function and Gaussian function are used independently as the convolution kernel in the gridding-based non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithm with different oversampling ratios and kernel widths. Our implementation is compared with the GPU-accelerated modified non-uniform discrete Fourier transform (MNUDFT) matrix-based CS SD OCT and the GPU-accelerated fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based CS SD OCT. It was found that our implementation has comparable performance to the GPU-accelerated MNUDFT-based CS SD OCT in terms of image quality while providing more than 5 times speed enhancement. When compared to the GPU-accelerated FFT based-CS SD OCT, it shows smaller background noise and less side lobes while eliminating the need for the cumbersome k-space grid filling and the k-linear calibration procedure. Finally, we demonstrated that by using a conventional desktop computer architecture having three GPUs, real-time B-mode imaging can be obtained in excess of 30 fps for the GPU-accelerated NUFFT based CS SD OCT with frame size 2048(axial) × 1,000(lateral).
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10
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Abstract
We report on an algorithm for fast wavefront sensing that incorporates sparse representation for the first time in practice. The partial derivatives of optical wavefronts were sampled sparsely with a Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor (SHWFS) by randomly subsampling the original SHWFS data to as little as 5%. Reconstruction was performed by a sparse representation algorithm that utilized the Zernike basis. We name this method sparse Zernike (SPARZER). Experiments on real and simulated data attest to the accuracy of the proposed techniques as compared to traditional sampling and reconstruction methods. We have made the corresponding dataset and software freely available online. Compressed wavefront sensing offers the potential to increase the speed of wavefront acquisition and to defray the cost of SHWFS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Polans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136
Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ryan P. McNabb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136
Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Joseph A. Izatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136
Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Sina Farsiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136
Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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