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Zhang C, Aldana-Mendoza JA. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy for chemical imaging of biological systems. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abfd09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) processes, including both the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, have been utilized in state-of-the-art microscopy platforms for chemical imaging of biological samples. The key advantage of CRS microscopy over fluorescence microscopy is label-free, which is an attractive characteristic for modern biological and medical sciences. Besides, CRS has other advantages such as higher selectivity to metabolites, no photobleaching, and narrow peak width. These features have brought fast-growing attention to CRS microscopy in biological research. In this review article, we will first briefly introduce the history of CRS microscopy, and then explain the theoretical background of the CRS processes in detail using the classical approach. Next, we will cover major instrumentation techniques of CRS microscopy. Finally, we will enumerate examples of recent applications of CRS imaging in biological and medical sciences.
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de Andrade Natal R, Adur J, Cesar CL, Vassallo J. Tumor extracellular matrix: lessons from the second-harmonic generation microscopy. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-021-00089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) represents more than a mere intercellular cement. It is physiologically active in cell communication, adhesion and proliferation. Collagen is the most abundant protein, making up to 90% of ECM, and 30% of total protein weight in humans. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy represents an important tool to study collagen organization of ECM in freshly unfixed tissues and paraffin-embedded tissue samples. This manuscript aims to review some of the applications of SHG microscopy in Oncologic Pathology, mainly in the study of ECM of epithelial tumors. It is shown how collagen parameters measured by this technique can aid in the differential diagnosis and in prognostic stratification. There is a tendency to associate higher amount, lower organization and higher linearity of collagen fibers with tumor progression and metastasizing. These represent complex processes, in which matrix remodeling plays a central role, together with cancer cell genetic modifications. Integration of studies on cancer cell biology and ECM are highly advantageous to give us a more complete picture of these processes. As microscopic techniques provide topographic information allied with biologic characteristics of tissue components, they represent important tools for a more complete understanding of cancer progression. In this context, SHG has provided significant insights in human tumor specimens, readily available for Pathologists.
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Chen WC, Chen YJ, Lin ST, Hung WH, Chan MC, Wu IC, Wu MT, Kuo CT, Das S, Kao FJ, Zhuo GY. Label-free characterization of collagen fibers in cancerous esophagus tissues using ratiometric nonlinear optical microscopy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1213-1221. [PMID: 32536201 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220934039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The issue of classifying esophageal cancer at various developmental stages is crucial for determining the optimized treatment protocol for the patients, as well as the prognosis. Precision improvement in staging esophageal cancer keeps seeking quantitative and analytical imaging methods that could augment histopathological techniques. In this work, we used nonlinear optical microscopy for ratiometric analysis on the intrinsic signal of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) from single collagen fibers only in submucosa of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The blind tests of TPEF/SHG and forward (F)/backward (B) SHG were demonstrated to compare with the histology conclusion. The discussion of sensitivity and specificity was provided via statistical comparison between the four stages of esophageal cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of using these two ratios in combination for staging ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Lin
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Hung
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Chan
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Tong Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Subir Das
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwans
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Pradhan P, Guo S, Ryabchykov O, Popp J, Bocklitz TW. Deep learning a boon for biophotonics? JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960186. [PMID: 32167235 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review covers original articles using deep learning in the biophotonic field published in the last years. In these years deep learning, which is a subset of machine learning mostly based on artificial neural network geometries, was applied to a number of biophotonic tasks and has achieved state-of-the-art performances. Therefore, deep learning in the biophotonic field is rapidly growing and it will be utilized in the next years to obtain real-time biophotonic decision-making systems and to analyze biophotonic data in general. In this contribution, we discuss the possibilities of deep learning in the biophotonic field including image classification, segmentation, registration, pseudostaining and resolution enhancement. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of deep learning for spectroscopic data including spectral data preprocessing and spectral classification. We conclude this review by addressing the potential applications and challenges of using deep learning for biophotonic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita Pradhan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies', Jena, Germany
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies', Jena, Germany
| | - Oleg Ryabchykov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies', Jena, Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies', Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas W Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies', Jena, Germany
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Uckermann O, Galli R, Mark G, Meinhardt M, Koch E, Schackert G, Steiner G, Kirsch M. Label-free multiphoton imaging allows brain tumor recognition based on texture analysis-a study of 382 tumor patients. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa035. [PMID: 32642692 PMCID: PMC7212881 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Label-free multiphoton microscopy has been suggested for intraoperative recognition and delineation of brain tumors. For any future clinical application, appropriate approaches for image acquisition and analysis have to be developed. Moreover, an evaluation of the reliability of the approach, taking into account inter- and intrapatient variability, is needed. Methods Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and second-harmonic generation were acquired on cryosections of brain tumors of 382 patients and 28 human nontumor brain samples. Texture parameters of those images were calculated and used as input for linear discriminant analysis. Results The combined analysis of texture parameters of the CARS and TPEF signal proved to be most suited for the discrimination of nontumor brain versus brain tumors (low- and high-grade astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma, recurrent glioblastoma, brain metastases of lung, colon, renal, and breast cancer and of malignant melanoma) leading to a correct rate of 96% (sensitivity: 96%, specificity: 100%). To approximate the clinical setting, the results were validated on 42 fresh, unfixed tumor biopsies. 82% of the tumors and, most important, all of the nontumor samples were correctly recognized. An image resolution of 1 µm was sufficient to distinguish brain tumors and nontumor brain. Moreover, the vast majority of single fields of view of each patient’s sample were correctly classified with high probabilities, which is important for clinical translation. Conclusion Label-free multiphoton imaging might allow fast and accurate intraoperative delineation of primary and secondary brain tumors in combination with endoscopic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Mark
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Ali N, Quansah E, Köhler K, Meyer T, Schmitt M, Popp J, Niendorf A, Bocklitz T. Automatic label‐free detection of breast cancer using nonlinear multimodal imaging and the convolutional neural network ResNet50. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.201900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nairveen Ali
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC)Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz‐IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies' Jena Germany
| | - Elsie Quansah
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC)Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz‐IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies' Jena Germany
| | - Katarina Köhler
- Institut für Histologie, Zytologie und molekulare Diagnostik, Pathologie Hamburg‐West GmbH Hamburg Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC)Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz‐IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies' Jena Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC)Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz‐IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies' Jena Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC)Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz‐IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies' Jena Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC)Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics, Forschungscampus Jena Jena Germany
| | - Axel Niendorf
- Institut für Histologie, Zytologie und molekulare Diagnostik, Pathologie Hamburg‐West GmbH Hamburg Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC)Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz‐IPHT), Member of Leibniz Research Alliance 'Health Technologies' Jena Germany
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Garofalakis A, Kruglik SG, Mansuryan T, Gillibert A, Thiberville L, Louradour F, Vever-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G. Characterization of a multicore fiber image guide for nonlinear endoscopic imaging using two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-12. [PMID: 31646840 PMCID: PMC7000885 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.10.106004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has the capacity to record second-harmonic generation (SHG) and endogenous two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) signals emitted from biological tissues. The development of fiber-based miniaturized endomicroscopes delivering pulses in the femtosecond range will allow the transfer of MPM to clinical endoscopy. We present real-time SHG and 2PEF ex vivo images using an endomicroscope, which totally complies with clinical endoscopy regulations. This system is based on the proximal scanning of a commercial multicore image guide (IG). For understanding the inhomogeneities of the recorded images, we quantitatively characterize the IG at the single-core level during nonlinear excitation. The obtained results suggest that these inhomogeneities originate from the variable core geometries that, therefore, exhibit variable nonlinear and dispersive properties. Finally, we propose a method based on modulation of dispersion precompensation to address the image inhomogeneity issue and, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate its capability to improve the nonlinear image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikitos Garofalakis
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Sergei G. Kruglik
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | | | - André Gillibert
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Rouen, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- CHU Rouen, Service de Pneumologie, Oncologie Thoracique et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Rouen, France
| | | | - Christine Vever-Bizet
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Genevieve Bourg-Heckly
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
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Moura CC, Bourdakos KN, Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S. Live-imaging of Bioengineered Cartilage Tissue using Multimodal Non-linear Molecular Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5561. [PMID: 30944358 PMCID: PMC6447547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are non-linear techniques that allow label-free, non-destructive and non-invasive imaging for cellular and tissue analysis. Although live-imaging studies have been performed previously, concerns that they do not cause any changes at the molecular level in sensitive biological samples have not been addressed. This is important especially for stem cell differentiation and tissue engineering, if CARS/SHG microscopy is to be used as a non-invasive, label-free tool for assessment of the developing neo-tissue. In this work, we monitored the differentiation of human fetal-femur derived skeletal cells into cartilage in three-dimensional cultures using CARS and SHG microscopy and demonstrate the live-imaging of the same developing neo-tissue over time. Our work conclusively establishes that non-linear label-free imaging does not alter the phenotype or the gene expression at the different stages of differentiation and has no adverse effect on human skeletal cell growth and behaviour. Additionally, we show that CARS microscopy allows imaging of different molecules of interest, including lipids, proteins and glycosaminoglycans, in the bioengineered neo-cartilage. These studies demonstrate the label-free and truly non-invasive nature of live CARS and SHG imaging and their value and translation potential in skeletal research, regeneration medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Costa Moura
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.,Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos N Bourdakos
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.,Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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Li L, Kang D, Huang Z, Zhan Z, Feng C, Zhou Y, Tu H, Zhuo S, Chen J. Multimodal multiphoton imaging for label-free monitoring of early gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 30940105 PMCID: PMC6444446 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early gastric cancer is associated with a much better prognosis than advanced disease, and strategies to improve prognosis is strictly dependent on earlier detection and accurate diagnosis. Therefore, a label-free, non-invasive imaging technique that allows the precise identification of morphologic changes in early gastric cancer would be of considerable clinical interest. Methods In this study, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) using two-photon excited fluorescence combined with second-harmonic generation was used for the identification of early gastric cancer. Results This microscope was able to directly reveal improved cellular detail and stromal changes during the development of early gastric cancer. Furthermore, two features were quantified from MPM images to assess the cell change in size and stromal collagen change as gastric lesion developed from normal to early cancer. Conclusions These results clearly show that multiphoton microscopy can be used to examine early gastric cancer at the cellular level without the need for exogenous contrast agents. This study would be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, and may provide the groundwork for further exploration into the application of multiphoton microscopy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deyong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haohua Tu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
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Han Z, Li L, Kang D, Zhan Z, Tu H, Wang C, Chen J. Label-free detection of residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using biomedical multiphoton microscopy. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1595-1601. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wei H, Xie L, Liu Q, Shao C, Wang X, Su X. Automatic Classification of Label-Free Cells from Small Cell Lung Cancer and Poorly Differentiated Lung Adenocarcinoma with 2D Light Scattering Static Cytometry and Machine Learning. Cytometry A 2018; 95:302-308. [PMID: 30508271 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) needs to be classified from poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma (PDLAC) for appropriate treatment of lung cancer patients. Currently, the classification is achieved by experienced clinicians, radiologists and pathologists based on subjective and qualitative analysis of imaging, cytological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features. Label-free classification of lung cancer cell lines is developed here by using two-dimensional (2D) light scattering static cytometric technique. Measurements of scattered light at forward scattering (FSC) and side scattering (SSC) by using conventional cytometry show that SCLC cells are overlapped with PDLAC cells. However, our 2D light scattering static cytometer reveals remarkable differences between the 2D light scattering patterns of SCLC cell lines (H209 and H69) and PDLAC cell line (SK-LU-1). By adopting support vector machine (SVM) classifier with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV), SCLC and PDLAC cells are automatically classified with an accuracy of 99.87%. Our label-free 2D light scattering static cytometer may serve as a new, accurate, and easy-to-use method for the automatic classification of SCLC and PDLAC cells. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wei
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Linyan Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology (Ministry of Education); Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology (Ministry of Education); Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xuantao Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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Wang H, Zhang S, Wan L, Sun H, Tan J, Su Q. Screening and staging for non-small cell lung cancer by serum laser Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 201:34-38. [PMID: 29729529 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current clinical screening methods to detect lung cancer are expensive and associated with many complications. Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that offers a convenient method to gain molecular information about biological samples. In this study, we measured the serum Raman spectral intensity of healthy volunteers and patients with different stages of non-small cell lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of serum laser Raman spectroscopy as a low cost alternative method in the screening and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The Raman spectra of the sera of peripheral venous blood were measured with a LabRAM HR 800 confocal Micro Raman spectrometer for individuals from five groups including 14 healthy volunteers (control group), 23 patients with stage I NSCLC (stage I group), 24 patients with stage II NSCLC (stage II group), 19 patients with stage III NSCLC (stage III group), 11 patients with stage IV NSCLC (stage IV group). Each serum sample was measured 3 times at different spots and the average spectra represented the signal of Raman spectra in each case. The Raman spectrum signal data of the five groups were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and cross-validation. RESULTS Raman spectral intensity was sequentially reduced in serum samples from control group, stage I group, stage II group and stage III/IV group. The strongest peak intensity was observed in the control group, and the weakest one was found in the stage III/IV group at bands of 848 cm-1, 999 cm-1, 1152 cm-1, 1446 cm-1 and 1658 cm-1 (P < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis showed that the sensitivity to identify healthy people, stage I, stage II, and stage III/IV NSCLC was 86%, 65%, 75%, and 87%, respectively; the specificity was 95%, 94%, 88%, and 93%, respectively; and the overall accuracy rate was 92% (71/77). CONCLUSION The laser Raman spectroscopy can effectively identify patients with stage I, stage II or stage III/IV Non-Small Cell Lung cancer using patient serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiou District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China.
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS, No.2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, PR China
| | - Limei Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiou District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiou District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Jie Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiou District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Qiucheng Su
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS, No.2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, PR China
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13
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Nobis M, Warren SC, Lucas MC, Murphy KJ, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Molecular mobility and activity in an intravital imaging setting - implications for cancer progression and targeting. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/5/jcs206995. [PMID: 29511095 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mobility, localisation and spatiotemporal activity are at the core of cell biological processes and deregulation of these dynamic events can underpin disease development and progression. Recent advances in intravital imaging techniques in mice are providing new avenues to study real-time molecular behaviour in intact tissues within a live organism and to gain exciting insights into the intricate regulation of live cell biology at the microscale level. The monitoring of fluorescently labelled proteins and agents can be combined with autofluorescent properties of the microenvironment to provide a comprehensive snapshot of in vivo cell biology. In this Review, we summarise recent intravital microscopy approaches in mice, in processes ranging from normal development and homeostasis to disease progression and treatment in cancer, where we emphasise the utility of intravital imaging to observe dynamic and transient events in vivo We also highlight the recent integration of advanced subcellular imaging techniques into the intravital imaging pipeline, which can provide in-depth biological information beyond the single-cell level. We conclude with an outlook of ongoing developments in intravital microscopy towards imaging in humans, as well as provide an overview of the challenges the intravital imaging community currently faces and outline potential ways for overcoming these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Nobis
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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14
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Li LH, Jiang WZ, Kang DY, Liu X, Li HS, Guan GX, Zhuo SM, Chen ZF, Chen JX. Second-harmonic imaging microscopy for identifying colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia. J Microsc 2018; 271:31-35. [PMID: 29505679 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, second-harmonic imaging microscopy was used to monitor precancerous colorectal lesions at different stages. It was found that the morphology of glands and lamina propria in mucosa changes with the progression of colorectal diseases from normal to low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and this microscopy has the ability of direct visualization of these warning symptoms. Furthermore, two morphologic variables were quantified to determine the changes of glands and collagen in lamina propria during the development of colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia. These results suggest that second-harmonic imaging microscopy has the potential in label-freely and effectively distinguishing between normal and precancerous colorectal tissues, and will be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - W Z Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - D Y Kang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - H S Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - G X Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - S M Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Z F Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J X Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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15
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Crisafi F, Kumar V, Perri A, Marangoni M, Cerullo G, Polli D. Multimodal nonlinear microscope based on a compact fiber-format laser source. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:135-140. [PMID: 28709138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a multimodal non-linear optical (NLO) laser-scanning microscope, based on a compact fiber-format excitation laser and integrating coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and two-photon-excitation fluorescence (TPEF) on a single platform. We demonstrate its capabilities in simultaneously acquiring CARS and SRS images of a blend of 6-μm poly(methyl methacrylate) beads and 3-μm polystyrene beads. We then apply it to visualize cell walls and chloroplast of an unprocessed fresh leaf of Elodea aquatic plant via SRS and TPEF modalities, respectively. The presented NLO microscope, developed in house using off-the-shelf components, offers full accessibility to the optical path and ensures its easy re-configurability and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crisafi
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vikas Kumar
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Perri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Marangoni
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Weng S, Xu X, Li J, Wong STC. Combining deep learning and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging for automated differential diagnosis of lung cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-10. [PMID: 29086544 PMCID: PMC5661703 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is capable of providing cellular-level images and resolving pathologically related features on human lung tissues. However, conventional means of analyzing CARS images requires extensive image processing, feature engineering, and human intervention. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying a deep learning algorithm to automatically differentiate normal and cancerous lung tissue images acquired by CARS. We leverage the features learned by pretrained deep neural networks and retrain the model using CARS images as the input. We achieve 89.2% accuracy in classifying normal, small-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma lung images. This computational method is a step toward on-the-spot diagnosis of lung cancer and can be further strengthened by the efforts aimed at miniaturizing the CARS technique for fiber-based microendoscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Weng
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jiasong Li
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen T. C. Wong, E-mail:
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17
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Rapid diagnosis and intraoperative margin assessment of human lung cancer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 8:7-13. [PMID: 28567338 PMCID: PMC5447569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A method of rapidly differentiating lung tumor from healthy tissue is extraordinarily needed for both the diagnosis and the intraoperative margin assessment. We assessed the ability of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for differentiating human lung cancer and normal tissues with the autofluorescence, and also elucidated the mechanism in tissue studies and cell studies. A 15-patient testing group was used to compare FLIM results with traditional histopathology diagnosis. Based on the endogenous fluorescence lifetimes of the testing group, a criterion line was proposed to distinguish normal and cancerous tissues. Then by blinded examined 41 sections from the validation group of other 16 patients, the sensitivity and specificity of FLIM were determined. The cellular metabolism was studied with specific perturbations of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cell studies. The fluorescence lifetime of cancerous lung tissues is consistently lower than normal tissues, and this is due to the both decrease of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) lifetimes. A criterion line of lifetime at 1920 ps can be given for differentiating human lung cancer and normal tissues.The sensitivity and specificity of FLIM for lung cancer diagnosis were determined as 92.9% and 92.3%. These findings suggest that NADH and FAD can be used to rapidly diagnose lung cancer. FLIM is a rapid, accurate and highly sensitive technique in the judgment during lung cancer surgery and it can be potential in earlier cancer detection.
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18
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Dybas J, Marzec KM, Pacia MZ, Kochan K, Czamara K, Chrabaszcz K, Staniszewska-Slezak E, Malek K, Baranska M, Kaczor A. Raman spectroscopy as a sensitive probe of soft tissue composition – Imaging of cross-sections of various organs vs. single spectra of tissue homogenates. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Tolstik E, Osminkina LA, Akimov D, Gongalsky MB, Kudryavtsev AA, Timoshenko VY, Heintzmann R, Sivakov V, Popp J. Linear and Non-Linear Optical Imaging of Cancer Cells with Silicon Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1536. [PMID: 27626408 PMCID: PMC5037811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New approaches for visualisation of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in cancer cells are realised by means of the linear and nonlinear optics in vitro. Aqueous colloidal solutions of SiNPs with sizes of about 10-40 nm obtained by ultrasound grinding of silicon nanowires were introduced into breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cell line). Further, the time-varying nanoparticles enclosed in cell structures were visualised by high-resolution structured illumination microscopy (HR-SIM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the nonlinear optical methods of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) with infrared laser excitation were applied to study the localisation of SiNPs in cells. Advantages of the nonlinear methods, such as rapid imaging, which prevents cells from overheating and larger penetration depth compared to the single-photon excited HR-SIM, are discussed. The obtained results reveal new perspectives of the multimodal visualisation and precise detection of the uptake of biodegradable non-toxic SiNPs by cancer cells and they are discussed in view of future applications for the optical diagnostics of cancer tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Tolstik
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Liubov A Osminkina
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Interational Laboratory "Bio-Nanophotonics", National Research Nuclear University "Moscow Engineering Physics Institute", Moscow 115409, Russia.
| | - Denis Akimov
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Maksim B Gongalsky
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Andrew A Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushino 142290, Russia.
| | - Victor Yu Timoshenko
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Interational Laboratory "Bio-Nanophotonics", National Research Nuclear University "Moscow Engineering Physics Institute", Moscow 115409, Russia.
| | - Rainer Heintzmann
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena 07745, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena 07743, Germany.
| | | | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena 07745, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena 07743, Germany.
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20
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Chernavskaia O, Heuke S, Vieth M, Friedrich O, Schürmann S, Atreya R, Stallmach A, Neurath MF, Waldner M, Petersen I, Schmitt M, Bocklitz T, Popp J. Beyond endoscopic assessment in inflammatory bowel disease: real-time histology of disease activity by non-linear multimodal imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29239. [PMID: 27406831 PMCID: PMC4942779 DOI: 10.1038/srep29239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing disease activity is a prerequisite for an adequate treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to endoscopic mucosal healing, histologic remission poses a promising end-point of IBD therapy. However, evaluating histological remission harbors the risk for complications due to the acquisition of biopsies and results in a delay of diagnosis because of tissue processing procedures. In this regard, non-linear multimodal imaging techniques might serve as an unparalleled technique that allows the real-time evaluation of microscopic IBD activity in the endoscopy unit. In this study, tissue sections were investigated using the non-linear multimodal microscopy combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited auto fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG). After the measurement a gold-standard assessment of histological indexes was carried out based on a conventional H&E stain. Subsequently, various geometry and intensity related features were extracted from the multimodal images. An optimized feature set was utilized to predict histological index levels based on a linear classifier. Based on the automated prediction, the diagnosis time interval is decreased. Therefore, non-linear multimodal imaging may provide a real-time diagnosis of IBD activity suited to assist clinical decision making within the endoscopy unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chernavskaia
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandro Heuke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
| | - Raja Atreya
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.,Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.,Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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21
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Chen X, Xu X, McCormick DT, Wong K, Wong ST. Multimodal nonlinear endo-microscopy probe design for high resolution, label-free intraoperative imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6. [PMID: 26203361 PMCID: PMC4505689 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a portable, multimodal, nonlinear endo-microscopy probe designed for intraoperative oncological imaging. Application of a four-wave mixing noise suppression scheme using dual wavelength wave plates (DWW) and a polarization-maintaining fiber improves tissue signal collection efficiency, allowing for miniaturization. The probe, with a small 14 mm transversal diameter, includes a customized miniaturized two-axis MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) raster scanning mirror and micro-optics with an illumination laser delivered by a polarization-maintaining fiber. The probe can potentially be integrated into the arms of a surgical robot, such as da Vinci robotic surgery system, due to its minimal cross sectional area. It has the ability to incorporate multiple imaging modalities including CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering), SHG (second harmonic generation), and TPEF (two-photon excited fluorescence) in order to allow the surgeon to locate tumor cells within the context of normal stromal tissue. The resolution of the endo-microscope is experimentally determined to be 0.78 µm, a high level of accuracy for such a compact probe setup. The expected resolution of the as-built multimodal, nonlinear, endo-microscopy probe is 1 µm based on the calculation tolerance allocation using Monte-Carlo simulation. The reported probe is intended for use in laparoscopic or radical prostatectomy, including detection of tumor margins and avoidance of nerve impairment during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Kelvin Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T.C. Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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22
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Schie IW, Krafft C, Popp J. Applications of coherent Raman scattering microscopies to clinical and biological studies. Analyst 2015; 140:3897-909. [PMID: 25811305 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy are two nonlinear optical imaging modalities that are at the frontier of label-free and chemical specific biological and clinical diagnostics. The applications of coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopies are multifold, ranging from investigation of basic aspects of cell biology to the label-free detection of pathologies. This review summarizes recent progress of biological and clinical applications of CRS between 2008 and 2014, covering applications such as lipid droplet research, single cell analysis, tissue imaging and multiphoton histopathology of atherosclerosis, myelin sheaths, skin, hair, pharmaceutics, and cancer and surgical margin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan W Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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23
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Rehbinder J, Brückner L, Wipfler A, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy with shaped 10 fs pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:28790-28797. [PMID: 25402118 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.028790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of shaped 10 fs pulses for multimodal microscopy. The combination of a broadband oscillator and a pulse shaper provides a flexible light source that can be optimized for various nonlinear effects produced in the sample, either for signal intensity or for selectivity. While the highest nonlinear generation efficiency is achieved with the shortest pulses, more complex waveforms address specific transitions in the sample for better contrast. This is shown experimentally with the imaging of a moss leaf and of human skin biopsies using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic generation signals.
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24
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Mancuso JJ, Cheng J, Yin Z, Gilliam JC, Xia X, Li X, Wong STC. Integration of multiscale dendritic spine structure and function data into systems biology models. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:130. [PMID: 25429262 PMCID: PMC4228840 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprising 1011 neurons with 1014 synaptic connections the human brain is the ultimate systems biology puzzle. An increasing body of evidence highlights the observation that changes in brain function, both normal and pathological, consistently correlate with dynamic changes in neuronal anatomy. Anatomical changes occur on a full range of scales from the trafficking of individual proteins, to alterations in synaptic morphology both individually and on a systems level, to reductions in long distance connectivity and brain volume. The major sites of contact for synapsing neurons are dendritic spines, which provide an excellent metric for the number and strength of signaling connections between elements of functional neuronal circuits. A comprehensive model of anatomical changes and their functional consequences would be a holy grail for the field of systems neuroscience but its realization appears far on the horizon. Various imaging technologies have advanced to allow for multi-scale visualization of brain plasticity and pathology, but computational analysis of the big data sets involved forms the bottleneck toward the creation of multiscale models of brain structure and function. While a full accounting of techniques and progress toward a comprehensive model of brain anatomy and function is beyond the scope of this or any other single paper, this review serves to highlight the opportunities for analysis of neuronal spine anatomy and function provided by new imaging technologies and the high-throughput application of older technologies while surveying the strengths and weaknesses of currently available computational analytical tools and room for future improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Mancuso
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA ; TT and WF Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging for Neurosciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA ; TT and WF Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging for Neurosciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA ; TT and WF Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging for Neurosciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared C Gilliam
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA ; TT and WF Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging for Neurosciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA ; TT and WF Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging for Neurosciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuping Li
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA ; TT and WF Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging for Neurosciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA ; TT and WF Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging for Neurosciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Deladurantaye P, Paquet A, Paré C, Zheng H, Doucet M, Gay D, Poirier M, Cormier JF, Mermut O, Wilson BC, Seibel EJ. Advances in engineering of high contrast CARS imaging endoscopes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:25053-64. [PMID: 25401538 PMCID: PMC4247180 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.025053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The translation of CARS imaging towards real time, high resolution, chemically selective endoscopic tissue imaging applications is limited by a lack of sensitivity in CARS scanning probes sufficiently small for incorporation into endoscopes. We have developed here a custom double clad fiber (DCF)-based CARS probe which is designed to suppress the contaminant Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) background generated within the fiber and integrated it into a fiber based scanning probe head of a few millimeters in diameter. The DCF includes a large mode area (LMA) core as a first means of reducing FWM generation by ~3 dB compared to commercially available, step-index single mode fibers. A micro-fabricated miniature optical filter (MOF) was grown on the distal end of the DCF to block the remaining FWM background from reaching the sample. The resulting probe was used to demonstrate high contrast images of polystyrene beads in the forward-CARS configuration with > 10 dB suppression of the FWM background. In epi-CARS geometry, images exhibited lower contrast due to the leakage of MOF-reflected FWM from the fiber core. Improvements concepts for the fiber probe are proposed for high contrast epi-CARS imaging to enable endoscopic implementation in clinical tissue assessment contexts, particularly in the early detection of endoluminal cancers and in tumor margin assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Paquet
- INO, 2740, rue Einstein, Québec, G1P 4S4,
Canada
| | - Claude Paré
- INO, 2740, rue Einstein, Québec, G1P 4S4,
Canada
| | - Huimin Zheng
- INO, 2740, rue Einstein, Québec, G1P 4S4,
Canada
| | | | - David Gay
- INO, 2740, rue Einstein, Québec, G1P 4S4,
Canada
| | | | | | - Ozzy Mermut
- INO, 2740, rue Einstein, Québec, G1P 4S4,
Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/university Health Network, and University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Eric J. Seibel
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195,
USA
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Upputuri PK, Gong L, Wang H. Chirped time-resolved CARS microscopy with square-pulse excitation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:9611-26. [PMID: 24787849 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.009611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (T-CARS) microscopy is a technique known for suppressing non-resonant background by utilizing the different temporal responses of virtual electronic transitions and Raman transitions. However, the previous use of femtosecond excitations in T-CARS microscopy has led to low spectral resolution and difficulty in selectively exciting a single Raman band. Here, we report an improved T-CARS imaging technique with chirped pump and Stokes excitations, and the Stokes pulses were shaped into square pulses. Using a femtosecond probe, we acquired T-CARS images with a high spectral resolution, suppressed non-resonant background, and high resonant signal level. We experimentally demonstrated the selective excitation of two close Raman bands of polystyrene at 1005 cm(-1) and 1035 cm(-1) using our technique; conventional T-CARS would inevitably excite them both with little selectivity. Our novel technique could become an ideal method for high-sensitivity, background-free imaging of single Raman bands for a wide variety of samples.
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