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Wang H, Zhang L, Huang J, Yang Z, Fan C, Yuan L, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Liu X. Imaging the intracellular refractive index distribution (IRID) for dynamic label-free living colon cancer cells via circularly depolarization decay model (CDDM). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2451-2465. [PMID: 38633098 PMCID: PMC11019712 DOI: 10.1364/boe.518957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Label-free detection of intracellular substances for living cancer cells remains a significant hurdle in cancer pathogenesis research. Although the sensitivity of light polarization to intracellular substances has been validated, current studies are predominantly focused on tissue lesions, thus label-free detection of substances within individual living cancer cells is still a challenge. The main difficulty is to find specific detection methods along with corresponding characteristic parameters. With refractive index as an endogenous marker of substances, this study proposes a detection method of intracellular refractive index distribution (IRID) for label-free living colon cancer (LoVo) cells. Utilizing the circular depolarization decay model (CDDM) to calculate the degree of circular polarization (DOCP) modulated by the cell allows for the derivation of the IRID on the focal plane. Experiments on LoVo cells demonstrated the refractive index of single cell can be accurately and precisely measured, with precision of 10-3 refractive index units (RIU). Additionally, chromatin content during the interphases (G1, S, G2) of cell cycle was recorded at 56.5%, 64.4%, and 71.5%, respectively. A significantly finer IRID can be obtained compared to the phase measurement method. This method is promising in providing a dynamic label-free intracellular substances detection method in cancer pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zewen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Chen Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Li Yuan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Provincey, Fuzhou 350025, China
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2
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Liu C, Yuan Z, Liu Q, Song K, Kong B, Su X. Siamese deep learning video flow cytometry for automatic and label-free clinical cervical cancer cell analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2063-2077. [PMID: 38633087 PMCID: PMC11019674 DOI: 10.1364/boe.510022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Automatic and label-free screening methods may help to reduce cervical cancer mortality rates, especially in developing regions. The latest advances of deep learning in the biomedical optics field provide a more automatic approach to solving clinical dilemmas. However, existing deep learning methods face challenges, such as the requirement of manually annotated training sets for clinical sample analysis. Here, we develop Siamese deep learning video flow cytometry for the analysis of clinical cervical cancer cell samples in a smear-free manner. High-content light scattering images of label-free single cells are obtained via the video flow cytometer. Siamese deep learning, a self-supervised method, is built to introduce cell lineage cells into an analysis of clinical cells, which utilizes generated similarity metrics as label annotations for clinical cells. Compared with other deep learning methods, Siamese deep learning achieves a higher accuracy of up to 87.11%, with about 5.62% improvement for label-free clinical cervical cancer cell classification. The Siamese deep learning video flow cytometry demonstrated here is promising for automatic, label-free analysis of many types of cells from clinical samples without cell smears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zeng Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xuantao Su
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
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3
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Kawamura Y, Nakanishi K, Murata Y, Teranishi K, Miyazaki R, Toda K, Imai T, Kajiwara Y, Nakagawa K, Matsuo H, Adachi S, Ota S, Hiramatsu H. Label-free cell detection of acute leukemia using ghost cytometry. Cytometry A 2024; 105:196-202. [PMID: 38087915 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are critical for improving the prognosis of acute leukemia. Acute leukemia is diagnosed by microscopic morphological examination of bone marrow smears and flow cytometric immunophenotyping of bone marrow cells stained with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. However, these diagnostic processes require trained professionals and are time and resource-intensive. Here, we present a novel diagnostic approach using ghost cytometry, a recently developed high-content flow cytometric approach, which enables machine vision-based, stain-free, high-speed analysis of cells, leveraging their detailed morphological information. We demonstrate that ghost cytometry can detect leukemic cells from the bone marrow cells of patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia without relying on biological staining. The approach presented here holds promise as a precise, simple, swift, and cost-effective diagnostic method for acute leukemia in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayoko Nakanishi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hidemasa Matsuo
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadao Ota
- ThinkCyte K.K, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Liu L, Islam MZ, Liu X, Gupta M, Rozmus W, Mandal M, Tsui YY. Multi-wavelength multi-direction laser light scattering for cell characterization using machine learning-based methods. Cytometry A 2023; 103:796-806. [PMID: 37309309 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell identification and analysis play a crucial role in many biology- and health-related applications. The internal and surface structures of a cell are complex and many of the features are sub-micron in scale. Well-resolved images of these features cannot be obtained using optical microscopy. Previous studies have reported that the single-cell angular laser-light scattering patterns (ALSP) can be used for label-free cell identification and analysis. The ALSP can be affected by cell properties and the wavelength of the probing laser. Two cell properties, cell surface roughness and the number of mitochondria, are investigated in this study. The effects of probing laser wavelengths (blue, green, and red) and the directions of scattered light collection (forward, side, and backward) are studied to determine the optimum conditions for distinguishing the two cell properties. Machine learning (ML) analysis has been applied to ALSP obtained from numerical simulations. The results of ML analysis show that the backward scattering is the best direction for characterizing the surface roughness, while the forward scattering is the best direction for differentiating the number of mitochondria. The laser light having red or green wavelength is found to perform better than that having the blue wavelength in differentiating the surface roughness and the number of mitochondria. This study provides important insights into the effects of probing laser wavelength on gaining information about cells from their ALSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Md Zahurul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Manisha Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wojciech Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Yin Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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5
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Cioffi G, Dannhauser D, Rossi D, Netti PA, Causa F. Unknown cell class distinction via neural network based scattering snapshot recognition. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5060-5074. [PMID: 37854558 PMCID: PMC10581789 DOI: 10.1364/boe.492028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Neural network-based image classification is widely used in life science applications. However, it is essential to extrapolate a correct classification method for unknown images, where no prior knowledge can be utilised. Under a closed set assumption, unknown images will be inevitably misclassified, but this can be genuinely overcome choosing an open-set classification approach, which first generates an in-distribution of identified images to successively discriminate out-of-distribution images. The testing of such image classification for single cell applications in life science scenarios has yet to be done but could broaden our expertise in quantifying the influence of prediction uncertainty in deep learning. In this framework, we implemented the open-set concept on scattering snapshots of living cells to distinguish between unknown and known cell classes, targeting four different known monoblast cell classes and a single tumoral unknown monoblast cell line. We also investigated the influence on experimental sample errors and optimised neural network hyperparameters to obtain a high unknown cell class detection accuracy. We discovered that our open-set approach exhibits robustness against sample noise, a crucial aspect for its application in life science. Moreover, the presented open-set based neural network reveals measurement uncertainty out of the cell prediction, which can be applied to a wide range of single cell classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Cioffi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - David Dannhauser
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Rossi
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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6
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Wang Z, Chen G, Wang S, Su X. Three-dimensional deep regression-based light scattering imaging system for nanoscale exosome analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2055-2067. [PMID: 37206116 PMCID: PMC10191644 DOI: 10.1364/boe.483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that serve as promising intrinsic nanoscale biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticle analysis technology is widely used in the field of exosome study. However, the common particle analysis methods are usually complex, subjective, and not robust. Here, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) deep regression-based light scattering imaging system for nanoscale particle analysis. Our system solves the problem of object focusing in common methods and acquires light scattering images of label-free nanoparticles as small as 41 nm in diameter. We develop a new method for nanoparticle sizing with 3D deep regression, where the 3D time series Brownian motion data of single nanoparticles are input as a whole, and sizes are output automatically for both entangled and untangled nanoparticles. Exosomes from the normal and cancer liver cell lineage cells are observed and automatically differentiated by our system. The 3D deep regression-based light scattering imaging system is expected to be widely used in the field of nanoparticle analysis and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Gao Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xuantao Su
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
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7
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Siu DMD, Lee KCM, Chung BMF, Wong JSJ, Zheng G, Tsia KK. Optofluidic imaging meets deep learning: from merging to emerging. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1011-1033. [PMID: 36601812 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Propelled by the striking advances in optical microscopy and deep learning (DL), the role of imaging in lab-on-a-chip has dramatically been transformed from a silo inspection tool to a quantitative "smart" engine. A suite of advanced optical microscopes now enables imaging over a range of spatial scales (from molecules to organisms) and temporal window (from microseconds to hours). On the other hand, the staggering diversity of DL algorithms has revolutionized image processing and analysis at the scale and complexity that were once inconceivable. Recognizing these exciting but overwhelming developments, we provide a timely review of their latest trends in the context of lab-on-a-chip imaging, or coined optofluidic imaging. More importantly, here we discuss the strengths and caveats of how to adopt, reinvent, and integrate these imaging techniques and DL algorithms in order to tailor different lab-on-a-chip applications. In particular, we highlight three areas where the latest advances in lab-on-a-chip imaging and DL can form unique synergisms: image formation, image analytics and intelligent image-guided autonomous lab-on-a-chip. Despite the on-going challenges, we anticipate that they will represent the next frontiers in lab-on-a-chip imaging that will spearhead new capabilities in advancing analytical chemistry research, accelerating biological discovery, and empowering new intelligent clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson M D Siu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kelvin C M Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Bob M F Chung
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Justin S J Wong
- Conzeb Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Guoan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kevin K Tsia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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8
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Liu S, Chu R, Xie J, Song K, Su X. Differentiating single cervical cells by mitochondrial fluorescence imaging and deep learning-based label-free light scattering with multi-modal static cytometry. Cytometry A 2023; 103:240-250. [PMID: 36028474 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a high-risk disease that threatens women's health globally. In this study, we developed the multi-modal static cytometry that adopted different features to classify the typical human cervical epithelial cells (H8) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa). With the light-sheet static cytometry, we obtain brightfield (BF) images, fluorescence (FL) images and two-dimensional (2D) light scattering (LS) patterns of single cervical cells. Three feature extraction methods are used to extract multi-modal features based on different data characteristics. Analysis and classification of morphological and textural features demonstrate the potential of intracellular mitochondria in cervical cancer cell classification. The deep learning method is used to automatically extract deep features of label-free LS patterns, and an accuracy of 76.16% for the classification of the above two kinds of cervical cells is obtained, which is higher than the other two single modes (BF and FL). Our multi-modal static cytometry uses a variety of feature extraction and analysis methods to provide the mitochondria as promising internal biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis, and to show the promise of label-free, automatic classification of early cervical cancer with deep learning-based 2D light scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Chu
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinmei Xie
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuantao Su
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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9
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Chen C, Gu Y, Xiao Z, Wang H, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Liu C, Xue L, Vargas J, Wang S. Automatic whole blood cell analysis from blood smear using label-free multi-modal imaging with deep neural networks. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340401. [PMID: 36156229 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Whole blood cell analysis is widely used in medical applications since its results are indicators for diagnosing a series of diseases. In this work, we report automatic whole blood cell analysis from blood smear using label-free multi-modal imaging with deep neural networks. First, a commercial microscope equipped with our developed Phase Real-time Microscope Camera (PhaseRMiC) obtains both bright-field and quantitative phase images. Then, these images are automatically processed by our designed blood smear recognition networks (BSRNet) that recognize erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Finally, blood cell parameters such as counts, shapes and volumes can be extracted according to both quantitative phase images and automatic recognition results. The proposed whole blood cell analysis technique provides high-quality blood cell images and supports accurate blood cell recognition and analysis. Moreover, this approach requires rather simple and cost-effective setups as well as easy and rapid sample preparations. Therefore, this proposed method has great potential application in blood testing aiming at disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yuanjie Gu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Javier Vargas
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Plaza de Ciencias, 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Zare Harofte S, Soltani M, Siavashy S, Raahemifar K. Recent Advances of Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Lab on a Chip for Diagnosis and Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203169. [PMID: 36026569 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) creates numerous promising opportunities in the life sciences. AI methods can be significantly advantageous for analyzing the massive datasets provided by biotechnology systems for biological and biomedical applications. Microfluidics, with the developments in controlled reaction chambers, high-throughput arrays, and positioning systems, generate big data that is not necessarily analyzed successfully. Integrating AI and microfluidics can pave the way for both experimental and analytical throughputs in biotechnology research. Microfluidics enhances the experimental methods and reduces the cost and scale, while AI methods significantly improve the analysis of huge datasets obtained from high-throughput and multiplexed microfluidics. This review briefly presents a survey of the role of AI and microfluidics in biotechnology. Also, the incorporation of AI with microfluidics is comprehensively investigated. Specifically, recent studies that perform flow cytometry cell classification, cell isolation, and a combination of them by gaining from both AI methods and microfluidic techniques are covered. Despite all current challenges, various fields of biotechnology can be remarkably affected by the combination of AI and microfluidic technologies. Some of these fields include point-of-care systems, precision, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, prognostics, diagnostics, and treatment of oncology and non-oncology-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zare Harofte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Madjid Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 14176-14411, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14197-33141, Iran
| | - Saeed Siavashy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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11
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Su X, Tárnok A. A mini review of recent development of flow cytometry in China. Cytometry A 2022; 101:614-616. [PMID: 35915877 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuantao Su
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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El Alaoui Y, Elomri A, Qaraqe M, Padmanabhan R, Yasin Taha R, El Omri H, El Omri A, Aboumarzouk O. A Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Hematology Management: Current Practices and Future Prospects. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e36490. [PMID: 35819826 PMCID: PMC9328784 DOI: 10.2196/36490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods have recently garnered a great deal of attention in the field of cancer research by making a noticeable contribution to the growth of predictive medicine and modern oncological practices. Considerable focus has been particularly directed toward hematologic malignancies because of the complexity in detecting early symptoms. Many patients with blood cancer do not get properly diagnosed until their cancer has reached an advanced stage with limited treatment prospects. Hence, the state-of-the-art revolves around the latest artificial intelligence (AI) applications in hematology management. Objective This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the current AI practices in the field of hematology. Our objective is to explore the ML and DL applications in blood cancer research, with a special focus on the type of hematologic malignancies and the patient’s cancer stage to determine future research directions in blood cancer. Methods We searched a set of recognized databases (Scopus, Springer, and Web of Science) using a selected number of keywords. We included studies written in English and published between 2015 and 2021. For each study, we identified the ML and DL techniques used and highlighted the performance of each model. Results Using the aforementioned inclusion criteria, the search resulted in 567 papers, of which 144 were selected for review. Conclusions The current literature suggests that the application of AI in the field of hematology has generated impressive results in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment stages. Nevertheless, optimizing the patient’s pathway to treatment requires a prior prediction of the malignancy based on the patient’s symptoms or blood records, which is an area that has still not been properly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra El Alaoui
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adel Elomri
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marwa Qaraqe
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Regina Padmanabhan
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruba Yasin Taha
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halima El Omri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Aboumarzouk
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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13
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Mäkinen VP, Rehn J, Breen J, Yeung D, White DL. Multi-Cohort Transcriptomic Subtyping of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094574. [PMID: 35562965 PMCID: PMC9099612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing provides a snapshot of the functional consequences of genomic lesions that drive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aims of this study were to elucidate diagnostic associations (via machine learning) between mRNA-seq profiles, independently verify ALL lesions and develop easy-to-interpret transcriptome-wide biomarkers for ALL subtyping in the clinical setting. A training dataset of 1279 ALL patients from six North American cohorts was used for developing machine learning models. Results were validated in 767 patients from Australia with a quality control dataset across 31 tissues from 1160 non-ALL donors. A novel batch correction method was introduced and applied to adjust for cohort differences. Out of 18,503 genes with usable expression, 11,830 (64%) were confounded by cohort effects and excluded. Six ALL subtypes (ETV6::RUNX1, KMT2A, DUX4, PAX5 P80R, TCF3::PBX1, ZNF384) that covered 32% of patients were robustly detected by mRNA-seq (positive predictive value ≥ 87%). Five other frequent subtypes (CRLF2, hypodiploid, hyperdiploid, PAX5 alterations and Ph-positive) were distinguishable in 40% of patients at lower accuracy (52% ≤ positive predictive value ≤ 73%). Based on these findings, we introduce the Allspice R package to predict ALL subtypes and driver genes from unadjusted mRNA-seq read counts as encountered in real-world settings. Two examples of Allspice applied to previously unseen ALL patient samples with atypical lesions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8128-4054
| | - Jacqueline Rehn
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.R.); (D.Y.); (D.L.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - James Breen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - David Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.R.); (D.Y.); (D.L.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Deborah L. White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.R.); (D.Y.); (D.L.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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14
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Li S, Li Y, Yao J, Chen B, Song J, Xue Q, Yang X. Label-free classification of dead and live colonic adenocarcinoma cells based on 2D light scattering and deep learning analysis. Cytometry A 2021; 99:1134-1142. [PMID: 34145728 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of cell viability plays an essential role in the area of cell biology. At present, the common methods for cell viability assay mainly on the responses of cells to different dyes. However, the additional steps of cell staining will consequently cause time-consuming and laborious efforts. Furthermore, the process of cell staining is invasive and may cause internal structure damage of cells, restricting their reuse in subsequent experiments. In this work, we proposed a label-free method to classify live and dead colonic adenocarcinoma cells by 2D light scattering combined with the deep learning algorithm. The deep convolutional network of YOLO-v3 was used to identify and classify light scattering images of live and dead HT29 cells. This method achieved an excellent sensitivity (93.6%), specificity (94.4%), and accuracy (94%). The results showed that the combination of 2D light scattering images and deep neural network may provide a new label-free method for cellular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyi Li
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianning Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayou Song
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Xue
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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