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Cheng H, Zhang H, Lu W, Zhang Q, Hu Z. An enhanced multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400137. [PMID: 38894526 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Label-free biological cell imaging relies on rapid multimode phase imaging of biological samples in natural settings. To improve image contrast, phase is encoded into intensity information using the differential interference contrast (DIC) and Zernike phase contrast (ZPC) techniques. To enable multimode contrast-enhanced observation of unstained specimens, this paper proposes an improved multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE), which combines conventional microscopy with computational imaging. The ZPC imaging module based on adaptive aperture adjustment is applied when the quantitative phase results of biological samples have been obtained by solving the TIE. Simultaneously, a rotationally symmetric shear-based technique is used that can yield isotropic DIC. In this paper, we describe numerical simulation and optical experiments carried out to validate the accuracy and viability of this technology. The calculated Michelson contrast of the ZPC image in the resolution plate experiment increased from 0.196 to 0.394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - HongYi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - QuanBing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zijing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Fan C, Li J, Du Y, Hu Z, Chen H, Yang Z, Zhang G, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Zhao H. Flexible dynamic quantitative phase imaging based on division of focal plane polarization imaging technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33830-33841. [PMID: 37859154 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a flexible and accurate dynamic quantitative phase imaging (QPI) method using single-shot transport of intensity equation (TIE) phase retrieval achieved by division of focal plane (DoFP) polarization imaging technique. By exploiting the polarization property of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM), two intensity images of different defocus distances contained in orthogonal polarization directions can be generated simultaneously. Then, with the help of the DoFP polarization imaging, these images can be captured with single exposure, enabling accurate dynamic QPI by solving the TIE. In addition, our approach gains great flexibility in defocus distance adjustment by adjusting the pattern loaded on the LC-SLM. Experiments on microlens array, phase plate, and living human gastric cancer cells demonstrate the accuracy, flexibility, and dynamic measurement performance for various objects. The proposed method provides a simple, flexible, and accurate approach for real-time QPI without sacrificing the field of view.
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Sun A, Li Y, Zhu P, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Liu C, Wang S. Dual-view transport of intensity phase imaging flow cytometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5199-5207. [PMID: 37854577 PMCID: PMC10581798 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we design multi-parameter phase imaging flow cytometry based on dual-view transport of intensity (MPFC), which integrates phase imaging and microfluidics to a microscope, to obtain single-shot quantitative phase imaging on cells flowing in the microfluidic channel. The MPFC system has been proven with simple configuration, accurate phase retrieval, high imaging contrast, and real-time imaging and has been successfully employed not only in imaging, recognizing, and analyzing the flowing cells even with high-flowing velocities but also in tracking cell motilities, including rotation and binary rotation. Current results suggest that our proposed MPFC provides an effective tool for imaging and analyzing cells in microfluidics and can be potentially used in both fundamental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Sun
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Radiology Department, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuit Reliability Technology and Testing System & School of Electronics and Information Engineering, OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214105, China
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, China
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Zhu L, Xiao Z, Chen C, Sun A, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Xue L, Liu C, Wang S. sPhaseStation: a whole slide quantitative phase imaging system based on dual-view transport of intensity phase microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1886-1894. [PMID: 37133070 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole slide imaging scans a microscope slide into a high-resolution digital image, and it paves the way from pathology to digital diagnostics. However, most of them rely on bright-field and fluorescence imaging with sample labels. In this work, we designed sPhaseStation, which is a dual-view transport of intensity phase microscopy-based whole slide quantitative phase imaging system for label-free samples. sPhaseStation relies on a compact microscopic system with two imaging recorders that can capture both under and over-focus images. Combined with the field of view (FoV) scan, a series of these defocus images in different FoVs can be captured and stitched into two FoV-extended under and over-focus ones, which are used for phase retrieval via solving the transport of intensity equation. Using a 10× micro-objective, sPhaseStation reaches the spatial resolution of 2.19 µm and obtains the phase with high accuracy. Additionally, it acquires a whole slide image of a 3m m×3m m region in 2 min. The reported sPhaseStation could be a prototype of the whole slide quantitative phase imaging device, which may provide a new perspective for digital pathology.
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Chen C, Gu Y, Xiao Z, Wang H, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Liu C, Xue L, Vargas J, Wang S. Automatic whole blood cell analysis from blood smear using label-free multi-modal imaging with deep neural networks. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340401. [PMID: 36156229 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Whole blood cell analysis is widely used in medical applications since its results are indicators for diagnosing a series of diseases. In this work, we report automatic whole blood cell analysis from blood smear using label-free multi-modal imaging with deep neural networks. First, a commercial microscope equipped with our developed Phase Real-time Microscope Camera (PhaseRMiC) obtains both bright-field and quantitative phase images. Then, these images are automatically processed by our designed blood smear recognition networks (BSRNet) that recognize erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Finally, blood cell parameters such as counts, shapes and volumes can be extracted according to both quantitative phase images and automatic recognition results. The proposed whole blood cell analysis technique provides high-quality blood cell images and supports accurate blood cell recognition and analysis. Moreover, this approach requires rather simple and cost-effective setups as well as easy and rapid sample preparations. Therefore, this proposed method has great potential application in blood testing aiming at disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yuanjie Gu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Javier Vargas
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Plaza de Ciencias, 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Xing X, Zhu L, Chen C, Sun N, Yang C, Yan K, Xue L, Wang S. Transformer oil quality evaluation using quantitative phase microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:422-428. [PMID: 35200879 DOI: 10.1364/ao.440583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transformer oil used in oil-filled electrical power transformers aims at insulating, stopping arcing and corona discharge, and dissipating transformer heat. Transformer running inevitably induces molecule decomposition, thus leading to gases released into transformer oil. The released gases not only reduce the transformer oil's performance but also possibly induce transformer fault. To prevent catastrophic failure, approaches using, e.g., chromatography and spectroscopy, precisely measure dissolved gases to monitor transformer oil quality; however, many of these approaches still suffer from complicated operations, expensive costs, or slow speed. To solve these problems, we provide a new transformer oil quality evaluation method based on quantitative phase microscopy. Using our designed phase real-time microscopic camera (PhaseRMiC), under- and over-focus images of gas bubbles in transformer oil can be simultaneously captured during field of view scanning. Further, oil-to-gas-volume ratio can be computed after phase retrieval via solving the transport of intensity equation to evaluate transformer oil quality. Compared with traditionally and widely used approaches, this newly designed method can successfully distinguish transformer oil quality by only relying on rapid operations and low costs, thus delivering a new solution for transformer prognosis and diagnosis.
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Picazo-Bueno JA, Micó V. Optical module for single-shot quantitative phase imaging based on the transport of intensity equation with field of view multiplexing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:39904-39919. [PMID: 34809345 DOI: 10.1364/oe.439047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a cost-effective, simple, and robust method that enables single-shot quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE) using an add-on optical module that can be assembled into the exit port of any regular microscope. The module integrates a beamsplitter (BS) cube (placed in a non-conventional way) for duplicating the output image onto the digital sensor (field of view - FOV - multiplexing), a Stokes lens (SL) for astigmatism compensation (introduced by the BS cube), and an optical quality glass plate over one of the FOV halves for defocusing generation (needed for single-shot TIE algorithm). Altogether, the system provides two laterally separated intensity images that are simultaneously recorded and slightly defocused one to each other, thus enabling accurate QPI by conventional TIE-based algorithms in a single snapshot. The proposed optical module is first calibrated for defining the configuration providing best QPI performance and, second, experimentally validated by using different phase samples (static and dynamic ones). The proposed configuration might be integrated in a compact three-dimensional (3D) printed module and coupled to any conventional microscope for QPI of dynamic transparent samples.
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