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Latus S, Grube S, Eixmann T, Neidhardt M, Gerlach S, Mieling R, Huttmann G, Lutz M, Schlaefer A. A Miniature Dual-Fiber Probe for Quantitative Optical Coherence Elastography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:3064-3072. [PMID: 37167045 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3275539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optical coherence elastography (OCE) allows for high resolution analysis of elastic tissue properties. However, due to the limited penetration of light into tissue, miniature probes are required to reach structures inside the body, e.g., vessel walls. Shear wave elastography relates shear wave velocities to quantitative estimates of elasticity. Generally, this is achieved by measuring the runtime of waves between two or multiple points. For miniature probes, optical fibers have been integrated and the runtime between the point of excitation and a single measurement point has been considered. This approach requires precise temporal synchronization and spatial calibration between excitation and imaging. METHODS We present a miniaturized dual-fiber OCE probe of 1 mm diameter allowing for robust shear wave elastography. Shear wave velocity is estimated between two optics and hence independent of wave propagation between excitation and imaging. We quantify the wave propagation by evaluating either a single or two measurement points. Particularly, we compare both approaches to ultrasound elastography. RESULTS Our experimental results demonstrate that quantification of local tissue elasticities is feasible. For homogeneous soft tissue phantoms, we obtain mean deviations of 0.15 ms-1 and 0.02 ms-1 for single-fiber and dual-fiber OCE, respectively. In inhomogeneous phantoms, we measure mean deviations of up to 0.54 ms-1 and 0.03 ms-1 for single-fiber and dual-fiber OCE, respectively. CONCLUSION We present a dual-fiber OCE approach that is much more robust in inhomogeneous tissues. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of elasticity quantification in ex-vivo coronary arteries. SIGNIFICANCE This study introduces an approach for robust elasticity quantification from within the tissue.
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Two-dimensional (2D) dynamic vibration optical coherence elastography (DV-OCE) for evaluating mechanical properties: a potential application in tissue engineering. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1217-1235. [PMID: 33796348 PMCID: PMC7984779 DOI: 10.1364/boe.416661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties in tissues are an important indicator because they are associated with disease states. One of the well-known excitation sources in optical coherence elastography (OCE) to determine mechanical properties is acoustic radiation force (ARF); however, a complicated focusing alignment cannot be avoided. Another excitation source is a piezoelectric (PZT) stack to obtain strain images via compression, which can affect the intrinsic mechanical properties of tissues in tissue engineering. In this study, we report a new technique called two-dimensional (2D) dynamic vibration OCE (DV-OCE) to evaluate 2D wave velocities without tedious focusing alignment procedures and is a non-contact method with respect to the samples. The three-dimensional (3D) Fourier transform was utilized to transfer the traveling waves (x, y, t) into 3D k-space (kx, ky, f). A spatial 2D wavenumber filter and multi-angle directional filter were employed to decompose the waves with omni-directional components into four individual traveling directions. The 2D local wave velocity algorithm was used to calculate a 2D wave velocity map. Six materials, two homogeneous phantoms with 10 mm thickness, two homogeneous phantoms with 2 mm thickness, one heterogeneous phantom with 2 mm diameter inclusion and an ex vivo porcine kidney, were examined in this study. In addition, the ARF-OCE was used to evaluate wave velocities for comparison. Numerical simulations were performed to validate the proposed 2D dynamic vibration OCE technique. We demonstrate that the experimental results were in a good agreement with the results from ARF-OCE (transient OCE) and numerical simulations. Our proposed 2D dynamic vibration OCE could potentially pave the way for mechanical evaluation in tissue engineering and for laboratory translation with easy-to-setup and contactless advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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3
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Yasukuni R, Minamino D, Iino T, Araki T, Takao K, Yamada S, Bessho Y, Matsui T, Hosokawa Y. Pulsed laser activated impulse response encoder (PLAIRE): sensitive evaluation of surface cellular stiffness on zebrafish embryos. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1366-1374. [PMID: 33796359 PMCID: PMC7984775 DOI: 10.1364/boe.414338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of cells and tissues closely link to their architectures and physiological functions. To obtain the mechanical information of submillimeter scale small biological objects, we recently focused on the object vibration responses when excited by a femtosecond laser-induced impulsive force. These responses are monitored by the motion of an AFM cantilever placed on top of a sample. In this paper, we examined the surface cellular stiffness of zebrafish embryos based on excited vibration forms in different cytoskeletal states. The vibration responses were more sensitive to their surface cellular stiffness in comparison to the Young's modulus obtained by a conventional AFM force curve measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Yasukuni
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daiki Minamino
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takanori Iino
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Araki
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kohei Takao
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sohei Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Four-dimensional (4D) phase velocity optical coherence elastography in heterogeneous materials and biological tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3795-3817. [PMID: 33014567 PMCID: PMC7510894 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The variations of mechanical properties in soft tissues are biomarkers used for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has been extensively developed to investigate mechanical properties of various biological tissues. These methods are generally based on time-domain data and measure the time-of-flight of the localized shear wave propagations to estimate the group velocity. However, there is considerable information that can be obtained from examining the mechanical properties such as wave propagation velocities at different frequencies. Here we propose a method to evaluate phase velocity, wave velocity at various frequencies, in four-dimensional space (x, y, z, f), called 4D-OCE phase velocity. The method enables local estimates of the phase velocity of propagating mechanical waves in a medium. We acquired and analyzed data with this method from a homogeneous reference phantom, a heterogeneous phantom material with four different excitation cases, and ex vivo porcine kidney tissue. The 3D-OCE group velocity was also estimated to compare with 4D-OCE phase velocity. Moreover, we performed numerical simulation of wave propagations to illustrate the boundary behavior of the propagating waves. The proposed 4D-OCE phase velocity is capable of providing further information in OCE to better understand the spatial variation of mechanical properties of various biological tissues with respect to frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics,
AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow
30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical
Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
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5
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Optical coherence tomography for evaluating capillary waves in blood and plasma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1092-1106. [PMID: 32206401 PMCID: PMC7041467 DOI: 10.1364/boe.382819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Capillary waves are associated with fluid mechanical properties. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has previously been used to determine the viscoelasticity of soft tissues or cornea. Here we report that OCT was able to evaluate phase velocities of capillary waves in fluids. The capillary waves of water, porcine whole blood and plasma on the interfacial surface, air-fluid in this case, are discussed in theory, and phase velocities of capillary waves were estimated by both our OCT experiments and theoretical calculations. Our experiments revealed highly comparable results with theoretical calculations. We concluded that OCT would be a promising tool to evaluate phase velocities of capillary waves in fluids. The methods described in this study could be applied to determine surface tensions and viscosities of fluids for differentiating hematological diseases in the future potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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6
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Leong SS, Wong JHD, Md Shah MN, Vijayananthan A, Jalalonmuhali M, Mohd Sharif NH, Abas NK, Ng KH. Stiffness and Anisotropy Effect on Shear Wave Elastography: A Phantom and in Vivo Renal Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:34-45. [PMID: 31594681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue elasticity is related to the pathologic state of kidneys and can be measured using shear wave elastography (SWE). However, SWE quantification has not been rigorously validated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of SWE-measured stiffness and the effect of tissue anisotropy on SWE measurements. Point SWE (pSWE), 2-D SWE and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to measure stiffness and evaluate the effect of tissue anisotropy on the measurements. SWE and DMA were performed on phantoms of different gelatin concentrations. In the tissue anisotropy study, SWE and DMA were performed on the outer cortex of sheep kidneys. In the in vivo study, 15 patients with different levels of interstitial fibrosis were recruited for pSWE measurements. Another 10 healthy volunteers were recruited for tissue anisotropy studies. SWE imaging revealed a non-linear increase with gelatin concentration. There was a significant correlation between pSWE and 2-D SWE, leading to the establishment of a linear regression equation between the two SWE ultrasound measurements. In the anisotropy study, the median difference in stiffness between shear waves oriented at 0° and 90° towards the pyramid axis was significant. In the in vivo study, there was a strong positive linear correlation between pSWE and the percentage of interstitial fibrosis. There was a significant difference in the Young's modulus (YM) between severities of fibrosis. The mean YM values were lower in control patients than in patients with mild, moderate and severe fibrosis. YM values were also significantly higher when shear waves were oriented at 0° toward the pyramid axis. Tissue stiffness and anisotropy affects SWE measurements. These factors should be recognized before applying SWE for the interpretation of measured values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Sam Leong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Nazri Md Shah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anushya Vijayananthan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Kwan Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Chao PY, Li PC. Laser-speckle-contrast projection tomography for three-dimensional shear wave imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4809-4812. [PMID: 31568448 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laser-speckle-contrast shear wave (LSC-SW) imaging is an optical method for tracking the propagation of a transient shear wave. With high spatial resolution and sensitivity in detecting displacements, this method is suitable for performing mechanical measurements in vitro. Here, we present a LSC-SW tomographic imaging system for visualizing the propagating shear wave wavefront in four dimensions [i.e., three-dimensional (3D) space plus time]. The volumetric elasticity distribution of a sample is constructed by estimating the speeds of the shear waves propagating along multiple paths at different angles. The proposed method enables multidirectional estimations of the shear wave speed. The capabilities of the imaging system are demonstrated by evaluating isotropy (both homogeneous and heterogeneous) and anisotropy in semiturbid phantoms. The proposed system is suitable for the mechanical characterization of a 3D cell culture system, such as monitoring changes in fiber orientation during the remodeling of the extracellular matrix that is known to be strongly associated with the progression and characterization of tumors.
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8
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Liou HC, Sabba F, Packman AI, Wells G, Balogun O. Nondestructive characterization of soft materials and biofilms by measurement of guided elastic wave propagation using optical coherence elastography. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:575-586. [PMID: 30601536 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are soft multicomponent biological materials composed of microbial communities attached to surfaces. Despite the crucial relevance of biofilms to diverse industrial, medical, and environmental applications, the mechanical properties of biofilms are understudied. Moreover, most of the available techniques for the characterization of biofilm mechanical properties are destructive. Here, we detail a model-based approach developed to characterize the viscoelastic properties of soft materials and bacterial biofilms based on experimental data obtained using the nondestructive dynamic optical coherence elastography (OCE) technique. The model predicted the frequency- and geometry-dependent propagation velocities of elastic waves in a soft viscoelastic plate supported by a rigid substratum. Our numerical calculations suggest that the dispersion curves of guided waves recorded in thin soft plates by the dynamic OCE technique are dominated by guided waves, whose phase velocities depend on the viscoelastic properties and plate thickness. The numerical model was validated against experimental measurements in agarose phantom samples with different thicknesses and concentrations. The model was then used to interpret guided wave dispersion curves obtained by the OCE technique in bacterial biofilms developed in a rotating annular reactor, which allowed the quantitative characterization of biofilm shear modulus and viscosity. This study is the first to employ measurements of elastic wave propagation to characterize biofilms, and it provides a novel framework combining a theoretical model and an experimental approach for studying the relationship between the biofilm internal physical structure and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cin Liou
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Aaron I Packman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - George Wells
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Oluwaseyi Balogun
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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9
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Larin KV, Sampson DD. Optical coherence elastography - OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1172-1202. [PMID: 28271011 PMCID: PMC5330567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE), as the use of OCT to perform elastography has come to be known, began in 1998, around ten years after the rest of the field of elastography - the use of imaging to deduce mechanical properties of tissues. After a slow start, the maturation of OCT technology in the early to mid 2000s has underpinned a recent acceleration in the field. With more than 20 papers published in 2015, and more than 25 in 2016, OCE is growing fast, but still small compared to the companion fields of cell mechanics research methods, and medical elastography. In this review, we describe the early developments in OCE, and the factors that led to the current acceleration. Much of our attention is on the key recent advances, with a strong emphasis on future prospects, which are exceptionally bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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Chao PY, Li PC. Three-dimensional shear wave imaging based on full-field laser speckle contrast imaging with one-dimensional mechanical scanning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:18860-71. [PMID: 27557169 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.018860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The high imaging resolution and motion sensitivity of optical-based shear wave detection has made it an attractive technique in biomechanics studies with potential for improving the capabilities of shear wave elasticity imaging. In this study we implemented laser speckle contrast imaging for two-dimensional (X-Z) tracking of transient shear wave propagation in agarose phantoms. The mechanical disturbances induced by the propagation of the shear wave caused temporal and spatial fluctuations in the local speckle pattern, which manifested as local blurring. By mechanically moving the sample in the third dimension (Y), and performing two-dimensional shear wave imaging at every scan position, the three-dimensional shear wave velocity distribution of the phantom could be reconstructed. Based on comparisons with the reference shear wave velocity measurements obtained using a commercial ultrasound shear wave imaging system, the developed system can estimate the shear wave velocity with an error of less than 6% for homogeneous phantoms with shear moduli ranging from 1.52 kPa to 7.99 kPa. The imaging sensitivity of our system makes it capable of measuring small variations in shear modulus; the estimated standard deviation of the shear modulus was found to be less than 0.07 kPa. A submillimeter spatial resolution for three-dimensional shear wave imaging has been achieved, as demonstrated by the ability to detect a 1-mm-thick stiff plate embedded inside heterogeneous agarose phantoms.
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Application of Elastography for the Noninvasive Assessment of Biomechanics in Engineered Biomaterials and Tissues. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:705-24. [PMID: 26790865 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The elastic properties of engineered biomaterials and tissues impact their post-implantation repair potential and structural integrity, and are critical to help regulate cell fate and gene expression. The measurement of properties (e.g., stiffness or shear modulus) can be attained using elastography, which exploits noninvasive imaging modalities to provide functional information of a material indicative of the regeneration state. In this review, we outline the current leading elastography methodologies available to characterize the properties of biomaterials and tissues suitable for repair and mechanobiology research. We describe methods utilizing magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and optical coherent elastography, highlighting their potential for longitudinal monitoring of implanted materials in vivo, in addition to spatiotemporal limits of each method for probing changes in cell-laden constructs. Micro-elastography methods now allow acquisitions at length scales approaching 5-100 μm in two and three dimensions. Many of the methods introduced in this review are therefore capable of longitudinal monitoring in biomaterials and tissues approaching the cellular scale. However, critical factors such as anisotropy, heterogeneity and viscoelasity-inherent in many soft tissues-are often not fully described and therefore require further advancements and future developments.
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Han Z, Li J, Singh M, Wu C, Liu CH, Wang S, Idugboe R, Raghunathan R, Sudheendran N, Aglyamov SR, Twa MD, Larin KV. Quantitative methods for reconstructing tissue biomechanical properties in optical coherence elastography: a comparison study. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:3531-47. [PMID: 25860076 PMCID: PMC4409577 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/9/3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic analysis of the accuracy of five different methods for extracting the biomechanical properties of soft samples using optical coherence elastography (OCE). OCE is an emerging noninvasive technique, which allows assessment of biomechanical properties of tissues with micrometer spatial resolution. However, in order to accurately extract biomechanical properties from OCE measurements, application of a proper mechanical model is required. In this study, we utilize tissue-mimicking phantoms with controlled elastic properties and investigate the feasibilities of four available methods for reconstructing elasticity (Young's modulus) based on OCE measurements of an air-pulse induced elastic wave. The approaches are based on the shear wave equation (SWE), the surface wave equation (SuWE), Rayleigh-Lamb frequency equation (RLFE), and finite element method (FEM), Elasticity values were compared with uniaxial mechanical testing. The results show that the RLFE and the FEM are more robust in quantitatively assessing elasticity than the other simplified models. This study provides a foundation and reference for reconstructing the biomechanical properties of tissues from OCE data, which is important for the further development of noninvasive elastography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Chih-hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rita Idugboe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Narendran Sudheendran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael D. Twa
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:279-302. [PMID: 25412100 PMCID: PMC4410708 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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14
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015. [PMID: 25412100 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.v8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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Wang S, Lopez AL, Morikawa Y, Tao G, Li J, Larina IV, Martin JF, Larin KV. Noncontact quantitative biomechanical characterization of cardiac muscle using shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1980-92. [PMID: 25071943 PMCID: PMC4102343 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a quantitative optical elastographic method based on shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT) for biomechanical characterization of cardiac muscle through noncontact elasticity measurement. The SWI-OCT system employs a focused air-puff device for localized loading of the cardiac muscle and utilizes phase-sensitive OCT to monitor the induced tissue deformation. Phase information from the optical interferometry is used to reconstruct 2-D depth-resolved shear wave propagation inside the muscle tissue. Cross-correlation of the displacement profiles at various spatial locations in the propagation direction is applied to measure the group velocity of the shear waves, based on which the Young's modulus of tissue is quantified. The quantitative feature and measurement accuracy of this method is demonstrated from the experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms with the verification using uniaxial compression test. The experiments are performed on ex vivo cardiac muscle tissue from mice with normal and genetically altered myocardium. Our results indicate this optical elastographic technique is useful as a noncontact tool to assist the cardiac muscle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Andrew L. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
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16
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Ahmad A, Kim J, Sobh NA, Shemonski ND, Boppart SA. Magnetomotive optical coherence elastography using magnetic particles to induce mechanical waves. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:2349-61. [PMID: 25071969 PMCID: PMC4102369 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particles are versatile imaging agents that have found wide spread applicability in diagnostic, therapeutic, and rheology applications. In this study, we demonstrate that mechanical waves generated by a localized inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles can be used for assessment of the tissue viscoelastic properties using magnetomotive optical coherence elastography. We show these capabilities in tissue mimicking elastic and viscoelastic phantoms and in biological tissues by measuring the shear wave speed under magnetomotive excitation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the extraction of the complex shear modulus by measuring the shear wave speed at different frequencies and fitting to a Kelvin-Voigt model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ahmad
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 West Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jongsik Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 West Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Nahil A. Sobh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Nathan D. Shemonski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 West Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 West Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 South Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Matveev LA, Zaitsev VY, Matveev AL, Gelikonov GV, Gelikonov VM, Vitkin A. Novel methods for elasticity characterization using optical coherence tomography: Brief review and future prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/plm-2014-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, a brief overview of several recently proposed approaches to elastographic characterization of biological tissues using optical coherence tomography is presented. A common feature of these “unconventional” approaches is that unlike most others, they do not rely on a two-step process of first reconstructing the particle displacements and then performing its error-prone differentiation in order to determine the local strains. Further, several variants of these new approaches were proposed and demonstrated essentially independently and are based on significantly different principles. Despite the seeming differences, these techniques open up interesting prospects not only for independent usage, but also for combined implementation to provide a multifunctional investigation of elasticity of biological tissues and their rheological properties in a wider sense.
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