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Haghizadeh A, Iftikhar M, Dandpat SS, Simpson T. Looking at Biomolecular Interactions through the Lens of Correlated Fluorescence Microscopy and Optical Tweezers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2668. [PMID: 36768987 PMCID: PMC9916863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex biological events at the molecular level paves the path to determine mechanistic processes across the timescale necessary for breakthrough discoveries. While various conventional biophysical methods provide some information for understanding biological systems, they often lack a complete picture of the molecular-level details of such dynamic processes. Studies at the single-molecule level have emerged to provide crucial missing links to understanding complex and dynamic pathways in biological systems, which are often superseded by bulk biophysical and biochemical studies. Latest developments in techniques combining single-molecule manipulation tools such as optical tweezers and visualization tools such as fluorescence or label-free microscopy have enabled the investigation of complex and dynamic biomolecular interactions at the single-molecule level. In this review, we present recent advances using correlated single-molecule manipulation and visualization-based approaches to obtain a more advanced understanding of the pathways for fundamental biological processes, and how this combination technique is facilitating research in the dynamic single-molecule (DSM), cell biology, and nanomaterials fields.
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Li H, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang W. Measuring Single Bacterial Viability in Optical Traps with a Power Sweeping Technique. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13921-13926. [PMID: 36166663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assessing bacterial viability is crucial in public health, food safety, environmental microbiology, and other relevant fields. The classical agar plate counting method and the popular dye-based assays have shown their strengths, but they also have limitations including high time consumption, relatively complex sample preparations, and cytotoxicity. In this work, we present a new bacterial viability assay based on optical tweezers utilizing a power sweeping strategy. By monitoring and analyzing bacterial nanomotion in optical traps under different trapping laser powers, the slope of the proportionality between the quantified extent of motion and the trapping laser power was defined as the mobility restriction coefficient (MRC) to quantify bacterial viability. We first established a firm correlation between the viability and MRC by measuring alive and dead Escherichia coli and Photobacterium phosphoreum. Then the capability of real-time long-term characterization of the assay was validated by measuring the viability of individual P. phosphoreum while regulating the viability with an inactivation light. Notably, a 'spinning-induced stabilization' mechanism was proposed to explain the surprising increase of apparent bacterial mobility after inactivation. Overall, the assay was proved to be a reliable label-free bacterial viability assay at a single-cell level, which holds potential in antibiotic susceptibility testing, drug screening, and rapid diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Abstract
Optical tweezers have great potential in microbiology for holding and manipulating single cells under a microscope. However, the methodology to use optical tweezers for live cell studies is still at its infancy. In this work, we determined suitable parameters for stable trapping of single Escherichia coli bacteria, and identified the upper limits of IR-exposure that can be applied without affecting viability. We found that the maximum tolerable IR-exposure is 2.5-fold higher when employing oscillating instead of stationary optical trapping (20 J and 8 J, respectively). We found that good stability of cells in an oscillating trap is achieved when the effective trap length is 20% larger than the cell length, the oscillation frequency higher than 100 Hz and the trap oriented perpendicular to the medium flow direction. Further, we show, using an IR power just sufficient for stable holding, that bacteria remain viable during at least 30 min of holding in an oscillating trap. In this work, we established a method for long-term stable handling of single E. coli cells using optical tweezers. This work will pave the way for future use of optical tweezers in microbiology.
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Behera B, Anil Vishnu GK, Chatterjee S, Sitaramgupta V VSN, Sreekumar N, Nagabhushan A, Rajendran N, Prathik BH, Pandya HJ. Emerging technologies for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111552. [PMID: 31421358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superbugs such as infectious bacteria pose a great threat to humanity due to an increase in bacterial mortality leading to clinical treatment failure, lengthy hospital stay, intravenous therapy and accretion of bacteraemia. These disease-causing bacteria gain resistance to drugs over time which further complicates the treatment. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance is therefore necessary so that bacterial infectious diseases can be diagnosed rapidly. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) provides valuable information on the efficacy of antibiotic agents and their dosages for treatment against bacterial infections. In clinical laboratories, most widely used AST methods are disk diffusion, gradient diffusion, broth dilution, or commercially available semi-automated systems. Though these methods are cost-effective and accurate, they are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and require skilled manpower. Recently much attention has been on developing rapid AST techniques to avoid misuse of antibiotics and provide effective treatment. In this review, we have discussed emerging engineering AST techniques with special emphasis on phenotypic AST. These techniques include fluorescence imaging along with computational image processing, surface plasmon resonance, Raman spectra, and laser tweezer as well as micro/nanotechnology-based device such as microfluidics, microdroplets, and microchamber. The mechanical and electrical behaviour of single bacterial cell and bacterial suspension for the study of AST is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Behera
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - G K Anil Vishnu
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - V S N Sitaramgupta V
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Niranjana Sreekumar
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Apoorva Nagabhushan
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - B H Prathik
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Hardik J Pandya
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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5
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Gautam R, Xiang Y, Lamstein J, Liang Y, Bezryadina A, Liang G, Hansson T, Wetzel B, Preece D, White A, Silverman M, Kazarian S, Xu J, Morandotti R, Chen Z. Optical force-induced nonlinearity and self-guiding of light in human red blood cell suspensions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:31. [PMID: 30886708 PMCID: PMC6414597 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic conditions play an important role in the cell properties of human red blood cells (RBCs), which are crucial for the pathological analysis of some blood diseases such as malaria. Over the past decades, numerous efforts have mainly focused on the study of the RBC biomechanical properties that arise from the unique deformability of erythrocytes. Here, we demonstrate nonlinear optical effects from human RBCs suspended in different osmotic solutions. Specifically, we observe self-trapping and scattering-resistant nonlinear propagation of a laser beam through RBC suspensions under all three osmotic conditions, where the strength of the optical nonlinearity increases with osmotic pressure on the cells. This tunable nonlinearity is attributed to optical forces, particularly the forward-scattering and gradient forces. Interestingly, in aged blood samples (with lysed cells), a notably different nonlinear behavior is observed due to the presence of free hemoglobin. We use a theoretical model with an optical force-mediated nonlocal nonlinearity to explain the experimental observations. Our work on light self-guiding through scattering bio-soft-matter may introduce new photonic tools for noninvasive biomedical imaging and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Gautam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
| | - Yinxiao Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Josh Lamstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- Guangxi Key Lab for Relativistic Astrophysics, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Lab of Novel Energy Materials and Related Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Anna Bezryadina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA
| | - Guo Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Tobias Hansson
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2 Canada
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83 Sweden
| | - Benjamin Wetzel
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2 Canada
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - Daryl Preece
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Adam White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Matthew Silverman
- Clinical Laboratory Science Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Susan Kazarian
- Clinical Laboratory Science Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Jingjun Xu
- MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2 Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Tech. of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101 Russia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
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Schumacher A, Vranken T, Malhotra A, Arts JJC, Habibovic P. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods: agar dilution to 3D tissue-engineered models. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:187-208. [PMID: 28871407 PMCID: PMC5780537 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of orthopaedic surgery, bacterial invasion of implants and the resulting periprosthetic infections are a common and unresolved problem. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods help to define the optimal treatment and identify antimicrobial resistance. This review discusses proven gold-standard techniques and recently developed models for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, while also providing a future outlook. Conventional, gold-standard methods, such as broth microdilution, are still widely applied in clinical settings. Although recently developed methods based on microfluidics and microdroplets have shown advantages over conventional methods in terms of testing speed, safety and the potential to provide a deeper insight into resistance mechanisms, extensive validation is required to translate this research to clinical practice. Recent optical and mechanical methods are complex and expensive and, therefore, not immediately clinically applicable. Novel osteoblast infection and tissue models best resemble infections in vivo. However, the integration of biomaterials into these models remains challenging and they require a long tissue culture, making their rapid clinical implementation unlikely. A method applicable for both clinical and research environments is difficult to realise. With a continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need for methods that analyse recurrent infections to identify the optimal treatment approaches. Graphical abstract Timeline of published and partly applied antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods, listed according to their underlying mechanism, complexity and application in research or clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schumacher
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Room C3.577, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands.
- Science and Technology Faculty, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - T Vranken
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Malhotra
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Room C3.577, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - J J C Arts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Room C3.577, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Roh C, Lee J, Kinger M, Kang C. In Vitro Studies on a Microfluidic Sensor with Embedded Obstacles Using New Antibacterial Synthetic Compounds (1-TDPPO) Mixed Prop-2-en-1-one with Difluoro Phenyl. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040803. [PMID: 28397751 PMCID: PMC5422164 DOI: 10.3390/s17040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of an analytical microfluidic sensor for accelerating chemo-repellent response and strong anti-bacterial 1-(Thien-2-yl)-3-(2, 6-difluoro phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (1-TDPPO). The chemically-synthesized antimicrobial agent, which included prop-2-en-1-one and difluoro phenyl groups, was moving through an optically transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic sensor with circular obstacles arranged evenly. The response, growth and distribution of fluorescent labeling Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 against the antimicrobial agent were monitored by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The microfluidic sensor along with 1-TDPPOin this study exhibits the following advantages: (i) Real-time chemo-repellent responses of cell dynamics; (ii) Rapid eradication of biofilm by embedded obstacles and powerful antibacterial agents, which significantly reduce the response time compared to classical methods; (iii) Minimal consumption of cells and antimicrobial agents; and (iv) Simplifying the process of the normalization of the fluorescence intensity and monitoring of biofilm by captured images and datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Roh
- Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 1266, Sinjeong-Dong, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, Korea.
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Textile Engineering and Technology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, (Ambala) Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Chankyu Kang
- Ministry of Employment and Labor, Major Industrial Accident Prevention Center, 34 Yeosusandallo, Yeosu-Si, Jeonnam 59631, Korea.
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Extending calibration-free force measurements to optically-trapped rod-shaped samples. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42960. [PMID: 28220855 PMCID: PMC5318951 DOI: 10.1038/srep42960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical trapping has become an optimal choice for biological research at the microscale due to its non-invasive performance and accessibility for quantitative studies, especially on the forces involved in biological processes. However, reliable force measurements depend on the calibration of the optical traps, which is different for each experiment and hence requires high control of the local variables, especially of the trapped object geometry. Many biological samples have an elongated, rod-like shape, such as chromosomes, intracellular organelles (e.g., peroxisomes), membrane tubules, certain microalgae, and a wide variety of bacteria and parasites. This type of samples often requires several optical traps to stabilize and orient them in the correct spatial direction, making it more difficult to determine the total force applied. Here, we manipulate glass microcylinders with holographic optical tweezers and show the accurate measurement of drag forces by calibration-free direct detection of beam momentum. The agreement between our results and slender-body hydrodynamic theoretical calculations indicates potential for this force-sensing method in studying protracted, rod-shaped specimens.
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